SA 6561. Mr. SCHIFF (for himself and Mr. Banks) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in subtitle G of title X, insert the following:
SEC. ___. COLLABORATION ON ADVERSARIAL THREATS AND AI
SECURITY RISKS.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Antitrust laws; non-federal entity.--The terms "antitrust laws" and "non-Federal entity" have the meanings given those terms, respectively, in section 102 of the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 (6 U.S.C. 1501).
(2) Artificial intelligence.--The term "artificial intelligence" has the meaning given that term in section 238(g) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note).
(3) Assistance.--The term "assistance" includes the provision of software, hardware, data, personnel, and other resources.
(4) Covered artificial intelligence security purpose.--The term "covered artificial intelligence security purpose" means the purpose of protecting against, identifying, evaluating, testing, analyzing, preventing, investigating, or mitigating a covered artificial intelligence security risk.
(5) Covered artificial intelligence security risk.--The term "covered artificial intelligence security risk" means the potential for artificial intelligence, including during development, training, testing, evaluation, deployment, use, or release, to do 1 or more of the following:
(A) Substantially facilitate the development or deployment of a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or offensive cyber weapon.
(B) Cause a disruption to, degradation of, impairment of, or loss of operational control over critical infrastructure that is reasonably likely to result in a significant impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination thereof.
(C) Substantially reduce the ability of a developer, deployer, owner, operator, user, evaluator, auditor, Federal department or agency, or other governmental authority to oversee, evaluate, monitor, control, contain, restrict access to, disable, or terminate such artificial intelligence, if the applicable person or governmental authority has authority or responsibility to do so, including through unauthorized, deceptive, evasive, or malicious activity involving such artificial intelligence.
(D) Autonomously improve, or substantially facilitate the autonomous improvement of the capabilities of artificial intelligence in a manner that creates a reasonable risk of a consequence described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).
(E) Be stolen, weaponized, trained, developed, or deployed by a covered nation (as defined in section 4872(f)(2) of title 10, United States Code) or an entity owned, controlled, or directed by a covered nation in a manner that poses a significant threat to the national security, including through covert, clandestine, undisclosed, or otherwise concealed development activities that attempt to evade detection or verification.
(F) Be vulnerable to unauthorized access that--
(i) creates a substantial risk of a consequence described in subparagraphs (A) through (D); or
(ii) is for the benefit of, at the direction of, or under the control of--
(I) a covered nation (as defined in section 4872(f)(2) of title 10, United States Code); or
(II) an entity owned, controlled, or directed by a covered nation.
(6) Exclusive purpose.--The term "exclusive purpose", with respect to the provision of information or assistance, means for the purpose of, with not more than an insubstantial part of the information or assistance being for other purposes.
(7) Unauthorized access.--The term "unauthorized access" with respect to artificial intelligence--
(A) means unauthorized access or use of artificial intelligence; and
(B) includes--
(i) extraction or copying of model weights, parameters, or other nonpublic model information;
(ii) systematic querying or automated extraction designed to distill, replicate, or reconstruct model capabilities; and
(iii) compromise affecting the integrity, reliability, or security of artificial intelligence, including through malicious code, a backdoor, manipulated data, or compromise of an artificial intelligence model, training dataset, or artificial intelligence component.
(b) Antitrust Exemption.--
(1) In general.--It shall not be considered a violation of any provision of the antitrust laws for--
(A) 2 or more non-Federal entities to provide or exchange information or assistance relating to a covered artificial intelligence security risk in good faith for the exclusive purpose of a covered artificial intelligence security purpose; or
(B) 2 or more non-Federal entities to provide or exchange information or assistance for the exclusive purpose of coordinating strategies to reduce covered artificial intelligence security risks via delaying or otherwise limiting the release, deployment, use, development, training, testing, or evaluation of artificial intelligence, provided that the non-Federal entities submit prior written notice of the proposed coordinated delay or limitation to the Attorney General, detailing the specific covered artificial intelligence security risk and the scope of the proposed restriction.
(2) Limitation.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a non-Federal entity receiving information or assistance unless the non-Federal entity uses such information or assistance for a covered artificial intelligence security purpose and has implemented reasonable internal controls to limit the extent to which such information or assistance can be used for other purposes.
(3) Affirmative defense.--In any action or proceeding brought under the antitrust laws, the exemption provided under paragraph (1) shall constitute an affirmative defense, and any non-Federal entity claiming the exemption shall bear the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that the entity's actions were taken in good faith and for the exclusive purpose described in paragraph (1).
(4) Rule of construction.--Paragraph (1)(A) shall not be construed to permit price-fixing, allocating a market between competitors, monopolizing or attempting to monopolize a market, boycotting, or exchanges of price or cost information.
(5) Exemption from disclosure.--Any information submitted to the Attorney General pursuant to paragraph (1)(B), including any written notice submitted under that
subsection and any information derived from such submission that would reveal the substance of such submission, shall be--
(A) used solely for the purpose of subsection (c);
(B) deemed voluntarily shared information and exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code; and
(C) withheld, without discretion, from the public under section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code.
(c) Injunctive Relief.--
(1) In general.--The Attorney General may seek, in a court of competent jurisdiction, an injunction against the initiation or continuation of the provision or exchange of information or assistance by non-Federal entities described in section 3 that violates the antitrust laws if the Attorney General determines that the non-Federal entities are not acting in good faith or are otherwise unreasonably engaging in anticompetitive acts.
(2) Rules of construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to--
(A) create any immunity or exemption from the antitrust laws if the Attorney General determines that the non-Federal entities are not acting in good faith or are otherwise unreasonably engaging in anticompetitive acts; or
(B) to limit any private right of action for any violation of the antitrust laws that is not exempt under subsection (b).
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SA 6562. Mr. SCHIFF submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle E of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1050. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT
ASSISTANCE REPORT.
The Secretary of Defense shall submit a report to Congress that details the assistance that has been provided by the Department of Defense to the Department of Homeland Security since January 20, 2025, which is associated with immigration enforcement operations, including--
(1) investigatory assistance;
(2) using military bases to detain immigrants;
(3) securing operational control of the southern border; and
(4) any other support that was carried out with funds appropriated by Public Law 119-21 or Public Law 119-98.
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SA 6563. Mr. SCHIFF submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle E of title III, add the following:
SEC. 358. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS FOR
DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES.
(a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall establish guidance governing community engagement and emergency preparedness practices for covered defense industrial facilities.
(b) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Covered facility.--The term "covered defense industrial facility" means a facility operated by a prime contractor or subcontractor that--
(A) performs manufacturing, storage, testing, processing, or disposal activities in support of a Department of Defense contract; and
(B) conducts activities involving hazardous materials, energetic materials, explosives, propellants, toxic substances, or other materials determined by the Secretary to present a significant potential risk to surrounding communities.
(2) Significant incident.--The term "significant incidents" means any event that leads to--
(A) an evacuation;
(B) a public health emergency; or
(C) a disaster declaration from a government entity.
(c) Guidance.--The guidance required under subsection (a) shall include requirements for covered facilities to--
(1) maintain regular coordination with local emergency management agencies, fire departments, law enforcement agencies, and other relevant first responders;
(2) designate a community liaison responsible for communication with local officials and community members;
(3) maintain procedures for notifying local authorities and affected communities following a release, fire, explosion, or other incident that may pose a risk to public health or safety;
(4) provide easily accessible and publicly available information regarding emergency notification procedures and appropriate protective actions for nearby residents;
(5) conduct periodic outreach or informational briefings for local stakeholders regarding emergency preparedness and community safety; and
(6) establish mechanisms through which community members may submit questions or concerns regarding facility operations.
(d) Protection of Sensitive Information.--Nothing in this section shall require disclosure of classified information, controlled unclassified information, export-controlled information, proprietary information, operational security information, or information that would increase risks to national security.
(e) Report to Congress.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report to the congressional defense committees describing--
(1) implementation of this section;
(2) categories of facilities subject to the guidance;
(3) significant incidents reported at covered facilities;
(4) corrective actions undertaken following such incidents; and
(5) recommendations for additional legislative authority, if necessary.
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SA 6564. Mr. SCHIFF submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle E of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1050. REPORTING OF ALIEN REGISTRATION NUMBERS OF ALIENS
DETAINED AT INSTALLATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE.
(a) In General.--Not later than 12 hours after detaining an alien at an installation of the Department of Defense, including installations in the United States, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the alien registration number of such alien.
(b) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Alien.--The term "alien" has the meaning given such term in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
(2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(A) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
(D) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
(E) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;
(F) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(G) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; and
(H) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.
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SA 6565. Mr. CRUZ submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle B of title III, add the following:
SEC. 320C. SHARING OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ENVIRONMENTAL
OBSERVATIONAL DATA.
(a) Requirement.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Commerce in coordination with the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Air Force, and the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, shall establish a process under which the Secretary of Defense, on a continual or recurring basis, shall review and share environmental observational data collected by the Department of Defense with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the purposes of improving weather, ocean, space weather forecasting, or any other mission area of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, as determined by the Secretary of Defense.
(b) Data Eligible for Sharing.--The process established under subsection (a) shall identify real-time, near real-time, and longer-time series environmental observational data that--
(1) the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Commerce agree is likely to improve weather, ocean, or space weather forecasts;
(2) is able to be released in an unclassified or declassified form;
(3) may be shared within the United States Government, notwithstanding restrictions on further redistribution outside the United States Government; and
(4) can be shared in standard machine-readable formats and includes metadata.
(c) Sharing Constraints.--In establishing the process under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall establish procedures to unilaterally take a covered action if the Secretary determines that--
(1) such action will protect a sensitive source or method or preserve the security of military operations; or
(2) a civilian agency information technology system is not cybersecure or fails to meet Department of Defense discovery metadata specification and verification protocols.
(d) Consultation Requirement.--Not later than 48 hours after taking a covered action under subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense shall consult with the Secretary of Commerce regarding the covered action to include identifying the rationale and any requirements for lifting the covered action.
(e) Report to Congress.--Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Commerce shall jointly submit to Congress a report describing--
(1) categories of environmental observational data identified for potential sharing under subsection (a);
(2) barriers to declassification or release of such data;
(3) cybersecurity procedures and any challenge to data sharing, including ensuring degraded data is not shared;
(4) reciprocal sharing of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's data with the Department of Defense;
(5) the process established to provide recurring coordination between the Department of Defense and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration regarding planned technical, hardware, architectural, or data management changes that could materially affect the secure, reliable, or continuous exchange of environmental observational data; and
(6) recommendations to improve interagency data sharing and any other relevant recommendations.
(f) Covered Action Defined.--In this section, the term "covered action" means--
(1) withholding declassification or release of data;
(2) placing limitations or restrictions on further distribution of data received by the Secretary of Commerce; and
(3) severing connectivity of data sharing implementation.
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SA 6566. Mr. KENNEDY (for himself and Mr. Whitehouse) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle C of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1230. REPORT ON THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION'S PERSECUTION OF
RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF
UKRAINE; IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.
(a) Report Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 3 years, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of the Treasury, shall jointly submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes--
(A) a detailed description of the Government of the Russian Federation and its state-affiliated, quasi-state, or occupation-era activities that involve the persecution or suppression of, or discrimination against, or otherwise directly or indirectly involve engaging in or facilitating serious human rights abuse against, Christians, Jews, and Muslims (including Crimean Tatars), and other religious minorities not affiliated with the Russian Orthodox Church or its subordinate Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, and their respective religious organizations in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine;
(B) an identification of churches, synagogues, mosques, other religious facilities, including Christian, Jewish, Muslim, and other minority religious institutions, that have been destroyed, damaged, seized, repurposed, or otherwise appropriated directly or indirectly by persons operating for or on behalf of the Government of the Russian Federation in occupied territories of Ukraine;
(C) an assessment of--
(i) the number of Christians, Jews, Muslims (including Crimean Tatars), and other religious minorities who are not affiliated with the Russian Orthodox Church or its subordinate Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, who have been subjected to persecution, imprisonment, or forced displacement in occupied territories of Ukraine;
(ii) restrictions imposed on Christian, Jewish, Muslim, and other religions not affiliated with the religious practices, worship services, or religious education of the Russian Orthodox Church or its subordinate Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate in occupied territories;
(iii) efforts to compel Christian organizations to affiliate with Moscow-based religious institutions or to suppress Christian activity not affiliated with Moscow-based religions;
(iv) efforts by the Government of the Russian Federation, by authorities exercising de facto governmental control in occupied territory, or by entities or individuals otherwise affiliated with the Russian Federation, to compel Christian organizations in Ukraine and in occupied territories--
(I) to affiliate with Moscow-based religious institutions; or
(II) to suppress Christian, Jewish, Muslim, or any other denominations not aligned with Russian state interests; and
(v) the overall impact of the Russian Federation's invasion of Ukraine, and its occupation of Ukrainian territory, on religious freedom in occupied territories of Ukraine, including Crimea and Sevastopol; and
(D) a list of individuals and entities affiliated with the Government of the Russian Federation, or exercising de facto authority in occupied territory, that--
(i) are responsible for persecution or suppression of, or discrimination against, Christians, Jews, or Muslims in Ukraine and in the occupied territories of Ukraine; or
(ii) have otherwise engaged in or attempted to engage in any of the conduct described in this subsection.
(2) Form.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(b) Imposition of Sanctions.--The President may impose sanctions pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) with respect to each foreign person on the list required by subsection (a)(1)(D).
(c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(1) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.
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SA 6567. Ms. HASSAN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of title X, add the following:
Subtitle H--Enhancing Southbound Inspections to Combat Cartels
SEC. 1094. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Enhancing Southbound Inspections to Combat Cartels Act".
SEC. 1094A. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives;
(E) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; and
(F) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.
(2) United states land borders.--The term "United States land borders" means--
(A) the international land border between the United States and Mexico; and
(B) the international land border between the United States and Canada.
SEC. 1094B. ADDITIONAL INSPECTION EQUIPMENT AND
INFRASTRUCTURE.
(a) Imaging Systems.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection is authorized--
(1) to purchase up to 25 additional non-intrusive imaging systems; and
(2) to procure additional associated supporting infrastructure.
(b) Deployment.--The systems and infrastructure purchased or otherwise procured pursuant to subsection (a) shall be deployed along the United States land borders for the primary purpose of inspecting any persons, conveyances, or modes of transportation traveling--
(1) from the United States to Mexico or Canada; or
(2) from Canada or Mexico to the United States.
(c) Alternative Equipment.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection is authorized to procure additional infrastructure or alternative inspection equipment that the Commissioner deems necessary for the purpose of inspecting any persons, conveyances, or modes of transportation traveling--
(1) from the United States to Mexico or Canada; or
(2) from Canada or Mexico to the United States.
(d) Funding Limitation.--No new funds are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section.
(e) Sunset.--Subsections (a) and (c) shall cease to have any force and effect beginning on the date that is 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 1094C. ADDITIONAL HOMELAND SECURITY INVESTIGATIONS
PERSONNEL FOR INVESTIGATIONS OF SOUTHBOUND
SMUGGLING.
(a) HSI Special Agents.--The Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement shall hire, train, and assign--
(1) not fewer than 50 new Homeland Security Investigations special agents to primarily assist with investigations involving the smuggling of currency and firearms from the United States to Mexico; and
(2) not fewer than 50 new Homeland Security Investigations special agents to assist with investigations involving the smuggling of contraband, human trafficking and smuggling (including that of children), drug smuggling, and unauthorized entry into the United States from Mexico.
(b) Support Staff.--The Director is authorized to hire, train, and assign such additional support staff as may be necessary to support the functions carried out by the special agents hired pursuant to subsection (a).
(c) Funding Limitation.--No new funds are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section.
SEC. 1094D. REPORT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that--
(1) identifies the resources provided, including equipment, personnel, and infrastructure, and the annual budget to carry out outbound and inbound inspections, including, to the extent practicable, resources specifically used for inspections of any individuals and modes of transportation--
(A) from the United States to Mexico or to Canada; and
(B) from Mexico or Canada into the United States.
(2) describes the operational cadence of all outbound and inbound inspections of individuals and conveyances traveling from the United States to Mexico or to Canada and from Mexico or Canada into the United States, described as a percentage of total encounters or as the total number of inspections conducted;
(3) describes any plans that would allow for the use of alternative inspection sites near a port of entry;
(4) includes an estimate of--
(A) the number of vehicles and conveyances that can be inspected with up to 50 additional non-intrusive imaging systems dedicated to southbound inspections; and
(B) the number of vehicles and conveyances that can be inspected with up to 50 additional non-intrusive imaging systems that may be additionally dedicated to inbound inspections along the southwest border; and
(5) assesses the capability of inbound inspections by authorities of the Government of Mexico, in cooperation with United States law enforcement agencies, to detect and interdict the flow of illicit weapons and currency being smuggled--
(A) from the United States to Mexico; and
(B) from Mexico into the United States.
(b) Classification.--The report submitted pursuant to subsection (a), or any part of such report, may be classified or provided with other appropriate safeguards to prevent public dissemination.
SEC. 1094E. MINIMUM MANDATORY SOUTHBOUND INSPECTION
REQUIREMENT.
(a) Requirement.--Not later than March 30, 2030, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure, to the extent practicable, that not fewer than 10 percent of all conveyances and other modes of transportation traveling from the United States to Mexico are inspected before leaving the United States.
(b) Authorized Inspection Activities.--Inspections required under subsection (a) may include non-intrusive imaging, physical inspections by officers or canine units, or other means authorized by the Secretary of Homeland Security if all such inspections are completed in full compliance with the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
(c) Report on Additional Inspections Capabilities.--Not later than March 30, 2031, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that assesses the Department of Homeland Security's timeline and resource requirements for increasing inspection rates to 15 and 20 percent, respectively, of all conveyances and modes of transportation traveling from the United States to Mexico.
SEC. 1094F. CURRENCY AND FIREARMS SEIZURES QUARTERLY REPORT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter until the date that is 3 years after such date of enactment, the Commissioner for U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes the seizure of currency, firearms, and ammunition attempted to be trafficked out of the United States.
(b) Contents.--Each report submitted pursuant to subsection (a) shall include, for the most recent 90-day period for which such information is available--
(1) the total number of currency seizures that occurred from outbound inspections at United States ports of entry;
(2) the total dollar amount associated with the currency seizures referred to in paragraph (1);
(3) the total number of firearms seized from outbound inspections at United States ports of entry;
(4) the total number of ammunition rounds seized from outbound inspections at United States ports of entry; and
(5) the total number of incidents of firearm seizures and ammunition seizures that occurred at United States ports of entry.
SEC. 1094G. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE STUDY AND
REPORT.
The Comptroller General of the United States shall--
(1) conduct a study to determine the number of new Homeland Security Investigations agents and additional non-intrusive imaging systems that are needed--
(A) to investigate the smuggling of currency and firearms across the United States land borders; and
(B) to inspect persons, conveyances, and modes of transportation traveling across such borders; and
(2) submit a report to Congress containing the results of such study.
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SA 6568. Mrs. HYDE-SMITH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (3,832 characters)
At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:
SEC. ___. PROTECTION OF LAWFULLY OWNED PERSONAL PROPERTY
DURING EXECUTION OF MILITARY ORDERS.
(a) Protection.--
(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, in any case in which a servicemember receives military orders for a permanent change of station or to deploy with a military unit, or as an individual in support of a military operation, the servicemember and any dependent of the servicemember shall not, during the period specified in paragraph (2), be prohibited from--
(A) the transportation, possession, ownership, or use of any firearm (as defined in section 921(a) of title 18, United States Code), and any part, component, accessory, attachment, magazine, or ammunition feeding device designed and intended for use in or on such firearm, other than a firearm silencer (as defined in section 921(a) of title 18, United States Code), that was lawfully acquired and possessed by the servicemember or dependent--
(i) before the issuance of such orders; and
(ii) under Federal law and the laws of the State in which such item was purchased or otherwise acquired; or
(B) the transportation, possession, or ownership of ammunition that was lawfully acquired and possessed by the servicemember or dependent--
(i) before the issuance of such orders; and
(ii) under Federal law and the laws of the State in which such ammunition was purchased or otherwise acquired.
(2) Period specified.--The period specified in this paragraph with respect to military orders is the period beginning on the date of the issuance of the military orders and ending on the date that is 180 days after the date on which the military orders are completed or concluded.
(b) Registration and Fees.--In a case described in paragraph (1) of subsection (a), the servicemember and any dependent of the servicemember shall not be required by any State to register, or provide notice or pay any fee with respect to the importation, possession, or ownership of, any item described in such paragraph during the period specified in paragraph (2) of such subsection.
(c) Rules of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed--
(1) to authorize the commercial sale, transfer, or other disposition within the State of assignment of any firearm, firearm component, magazine, ammunition feeding device, or ammunition in violation of the laws of that State;
(2) to permit the possession, transportation, storage, or use of any such item in violation of applicable Federal law, including regulation of the Department of Defense and regulations governing conduct on military installations;
(3) to supersede any State or local law restricting the discharge or use of certain types of ammunition for fire-safety or similar public-safety purposes; and
(4) to authorize the carrying of a concealed firearm or supersede State laws governing concealed carry permits.
(d) Sale and Transfer.--A servicemember and any dependent of a servicemember seeking to sell or transfer any item described in subsection (a)(1) shall do so only through a lawful transfer--
(1) to a recipient or a manufacturer, dealer, or importer licensed under chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, located in a jurisdiction in which such item is legal to possess; and
(2) made in accordance with applicable Federal and State law.
(e) Definitions of Military Orders and Permanent Change of Station.--In this section:
(1) The terms "dependent", "servicemember", and "State" have the meanings given such terms in section 2 of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (50 U.S.C. 3902).
(2) The terms "military orders" and "permanent change of station" have the meanings given such terms in section 305(i) of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (50 U.S.C. 3955(i)).
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SA 6569. Mr. COTTON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (3,561 characters)
At the appropriate place in subtitle B of title XV, insert the following:
SEC. ____. PROGRAM FOR DEPLOYMENT OF TRANSPORTABLE NUCLEAR
MICROREACTOR IN AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY OF THE
UNITED STATES INDO-PACIFIC COMMAND.
(a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall carry out a program for the deployment, operation, and evaluation of a transportable nuclear microreactor in the area of responsibility of the United States Indo-Pacific Command, which shall be known as the Operational Energy Deployable Nuclear Power Program (referred to in this section as the "Program").
(b) Leadership and Coordination.--
(1) Executive agent.--The Secretary of Defense shall designate the Secretary of a military department as the executive agent of the Department of Defense for carrying out the Program and ensuring budget accountability for such program (referred to in this section as the "executive agent").
(2) Coordination.--In carrying out the Program, the executive agent shall coordinate with--
(A) the Commander of United States Indo-Pacific Command, who shall be responsible for validating operational requirements under the Program, the demonstration of technologies to be deployed under the Program, and the operational use of such technologies; and
(B) as appropriate, the Secretary of Energy and the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, for the purpose of ensuring the deployment and operation of any nuclear microreactor under the Program is carried out in a manner that is safe, secure, and in compliance with applicable requirements of the Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, respectively.
(c) Objectives.--The objective of the Program shall be to deploy and operate, by not later than January 1, 2030, a transportable nuclear microreactor in support of distributed and expeditionary operations in contested logistics environments within the area of responsibility of the United States Indo-Pacific Command, with a priority for deployment in such an environment within the Western Pacific area.
(d) Required Activities.--The activities of the Program shall include the following:
(1) The validation of operational requirements of the United States Indo-Pacific Command with respect to the transportable nuclear microreactor to be deployed under the Program, and the integration of such nuclear microreactor with expeditionary and dispersed power architectures in the area of responsibility of such Command.
(2) The development and implementation of a plan for the test and evaluation of such nuclear microreactor, including with respect to sustainment, safety, cybersecurity, and physical security requirements.
(3) The conduct of joint operational demonstrations with the United States Indo-Pacific Command in connection with not fewer than one major exercise within the area of responsibility of such Command, to evaluate the deployment, integration, sustainment, survivability, and operational use of such nuclear microreactor under realistic conditions.
(e) Budget Mechanism.--Beginning in fiscal year 2028, the Secretary of Defense shall establish a dedicated program element, or equivalent budget mechanism, for the Program, including to support the transition of technologies under the Program from demonstration to operational capability.
(f) Nuclear Microreactor Defined.--In this section, the term "nuclear microreactor" means a nuclear reactor with a rated electric generating capacity of not greater than 50 megawatts.
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SA 6570. Mr. SCHUMER (for himself and Mr. Cotton) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle E of title VIII, add the following:
SEC. 885. PROHIBITION ON ACQUISITION OF CERTAIN SILICON
CARBIDE-BASED SEMICONDUCTORS MANUFACTURED IN
CHINA.
(a) Restrictions on Silicon Carbide Wafer Sourcing.--The Secretary of Defense shall revise section 252.225 of the Department of Defense Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to prohibit the procurement of semiconductors, other than commercially available off-the-shelf items (as defined in section 104 of title 41, United States Code), that are manufactured on silicon carbide wafers that are manufactured in the Peoples Republic of China. Such revision may provide the authority for the Secretary to issue a waiver on a case-by-case basis.
(b) Briefing on Financial Instruments.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense and the Deputy Secretary of Defense shall conduct a review, and provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing on the results of such a review, of domestic manufacturers of silicon carbide wafers that are critical to the Department of Defense and that are facing challenges due to Chinese exports of such wafers.
(c) Briefing on Establishment of Common Foundries.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary of Defense provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing that evaluates the merits of encouraging major prime contractors in the defense industrial base to consolidate silicon carbide semiconductor design and fabrication operations in common commercial foundries to encourage economies of scale and quality improvements.
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SA 6571. Mr. HEINRICH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of part III of subtitle F of title V, add the following:
SEC. 566. REPORT ON STAFFING SHORTAGES IN PERSONNEL
SUPPORTING MILITARY FAMILIES.
(a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on staffing shortages among social workers, counselors, and family advocacy personnel who provide assistance to military families.
(b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include--
(1) a description of the actions being taken by the Department of Defense as of the date of the report to address shortages described in subsection (a);
(2) an assessment of how the Department can improve efforts to address such shortages; and
(3) a description of the challenges the Department faces when a military family subject to child abuse proceedings moves across State lines, including with respect to--
(A) transferring records; and
(B) the sharing of information between--
(i) the Department and State child welfare agencies; and
(ii) the commander concerned before the relocation of the family and the commander concerned after that relocation.
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SA 6572. Mr. HEINRICH (for himself and Mr. Gallego) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1__. INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION FORMULA.
(a) Purposes.--The purposes of this section are to study--
(1) the resources that Bureau-funded schools need to provide competitive salaries and benefits to recruit and retain high-quality teachers, administrators, and all school staff;
(2) funding and other resources needed by the Bureau of Indian Education to ensure that students attending Bureau-funded schools receive a high-quality education; and
(3) potential revenue sources to bring Bureau of Indian Education funding, resources, and salaries into parity with other school systems.
(b) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Assistant secretary.--The term "Assistant Secretary" means the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs.
(2) Bureau-funded school.--The term "Bureau-funded school" has the meaning given the term in section 1141 of the Education Amendments of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 2021).
(3) Indian school equalization formula.--The term "Indian School Equalization Formula" means the Indian School Equalization
Formula described in subparts B and C of part 39 of title 25, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
(4) Indian school equalization program.--The term "Indian School Equalization Program" means the Indian School Equalization Program described in part 39 of title 25, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
(5) Indian tribe.--The term "Indian Tribe" means any Indian or Alaska Native Tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, or other community included on the most recent list published by the Secretary under section 104 of the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 5131).
(6) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior.
(7) Tribally controlled school.--The term "tribally controlled school" has the meaning given the term in section 5212 of the Tribally Controlled Schools Act of 1988 (25 U.S.C. 2511).
(c) Indian School Equalization Formula Study.--
(1) Study required.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and in accordance with subparagraph (C), the Secretary, in coordination with the Assistant Secretary and the Director of the Bureau of Indian Education, shall carry out a study relating to updating the Indian School Equalization Formula, including by completing the process of developing alternative methods for the equitable distribution of the Indian School Equalization Formula, with consideration given to the factors described in subparagraph (B).
(B) Factors described.--The factors referred to in subparagraph (A) are the following:
(i) Ensuring that the Indian School Equalization Formula provides sufficient funding to adequately fund Bureau-funded schools, including--
(I) schools operated by the Bureau of Indian Education; and (II) tribally controlled schools.
(ii) The highest rate of basic compensation, which shall be equal to the higher of--
(I) the highest quartile or average State-by-State salaries for school teachers, principals, other leadership positions, and all school staff at public schools that are not Bureau-funded schools; and
(II) the rate of basic compensation for teacher and teaching positions in the Department of Defense as determined under the Defense Department Overseas Teachers Pay and Personnel Practices Act (20 U.S.C. 901 et seq.).
(C) Requirements.--In carrying out the study of the Indian School Equalization Formula under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
(i) ensure that an updated Indian School Equalization Formula provides sufficient funding to fully support salaries for school teachers, principals, other leadership positions, and all school staff at a rate commensurate with salaries of non-Bureau of Indian Education teachers, principals, other leadership positions, and all school staff described in subclauses (I) and (II) of subparagraph (B)(ii);
(ii) consider the weights or ratios related to--
(I) tribally controlled schools; (II) schools with fewer than 100 students; and (III) schools located in rural areas; and
(iii) ensure that, in an updated Indian School Equalization Formula, that Havasupai Elementary School is awarded an additional cost factor of 12.5 Weighted Student Unit (as defined in section 39.2 of title 25, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation)).
(2) Report.--The Secretary, in coordination with the Assistant Secretary and the Director of the Bureau of Indian Education, and in consultation with national organizations representing Indian Tribes and students attending Bureau-funded schools, shall submit to Congress and make publicly available to Indian Tribes a report describing--
(A) the adequacy of the Indian School Equalization Formula and the Indian School Equalization Program in fulfilling the needs of Bureau-funded schools and tribally controlled schools; and
(B) recommendations for increasing or modifying factors to improve the Indian School Equalization Formula.
(d) Study of Revenue Resources.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the Assistant Secretary and the Director of the Bureau of Indian Education, shall carry out a study to identify potential revenue sources to bring Bureau-funded schools into parity with other schools.
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SA 6573. Mr. BUDD (for himself and Mr. Coons) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1270A. UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the "United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Reauthorization Act of 2026".
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 207(a) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6435(a)) is amended by striking "2025 and 2026" and inserting "2026 through 2028".
(c) Extension of Authorization.--Section 209 of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6436) is amended by striking "September 30, 2026" and inserting "December 31, 2028".
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SA 6574. Mr. COTTON (for himself and Mr. Warner) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SEC. 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This division may be cited as the "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027".
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this division is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 101. Authorization of appropriations. Sec. 102. Classified Schedule of Authorizations. Sec. 103. Intelligence Community Management Account. Sec. 104. Increase in employee compensation and benefits authorized by law.
TITLE II--CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM Sec. 201. Authorization of appropriations.
TITLE III--MATTERS RELATING TO THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE Sec. 301. Appointment of Deputy Director of National Intelligence and Assistant Directors of National Intelligence. Sec. 302. Repeal of National Intelligence Management Council. Sec. 303. Repeal of various positions, units, centers, councils, and offices. Sec. 304. Limitation on domestic activities at the National Counterterrorism Center. Sec. 305. Timely provision of security direction to intelligence community whistleblowers. Sec. 306. No police, subpoena, or law enforcement powers or internal security functions for Director of National Intelligence.
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TITLE IV--MATTERS RELATING TO THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Sec. 401. Modification relating to security personnel at certain installations.
TITLE V--MATTERS RELATING TO OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY
Sec. 501. Authority of National Security Agency to correlate, evaluate, and disseminate certain intelligence. Sec. 502. Funds for foreign intelligence activities conducted with and by the National Reconnaissance Office. Sec. 503. Modification of annual report on Federal Bureau of Investigation case data. Sec. 504. Establishment of Office of Counterintelligence. Sec. 505. Role of National Security Agency in collection and analysis of signals intelligence.
Sec. 601. Amendments to presidential appointments for intelligence community positions. Sec. 602. Analytic standards for all-source intelligence products. Sec. 603. Ben Sasse Intelligence Community Technology Fellowship Program. Sec. 604. Countering hostile foreign cyber actors as a national intelligence priority. Sec. 605. Notification of criminal referrals regarding current or former intelligence community employees. Sec. 606. Modification of definitions in National Security Act of 1947 and scope of intelligence sharing responsibilities of Director of National Intelligence. Sec. 607. Prohibition on intelligence community use of adversary unmanned ground vehicles. Sec. 608. China-Taiwan Strategic Warning Task Force. Sec. 609. Limitations relating to Chinese products and services.
Sec. 610. Biological intelligence activities of the intelligence community. Sec. 611. Prohibition on participation in prediction markets. Sec. 612. Repeal of certain report and briefing requirements. Sec. 613. Intelligence community personnel travel, allowances, and related expenses regulations. Sec. 614. Prohibition on sending and receiving objects using entities owned or controlled by persons or governments of certain countries. Sec. 615. Enhancing intelligence cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region. Sec. 616. Intelligence activities related to Ukraine. Sec. 617. Requirements relating to intelligence sharing with countries and partners of significant importance to the United States. Sec. 618. United States-Israel intelligence sharing enhancement.
TITLE VII--ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MATTERS RELATING TO THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
Sec. 701. Artificial intelligence exploitation guard and intelligence sharing. Sec. 702. Director of National Intelligence review of intelligence community use of artificial intelligence to support targeting. Sec. 703. Improvements for artificial intelligence policies, standards, and guidance for intelligence community. Sec. 704. Additional functions and requirements of Artificial Intelligence Security Center. Sec. 705. Reports on novel uses of artificial intelligence technology. Sec. 706. Clear labeling of artificial intelligence outputs for targeting workflows. Sec. 707. Research on use of artificial intelligence relating to inadvertent escalation. Sec. 708. Research on interaction of adversarial artificial intelligence systems with intelligence community systems. Sec. 709. Review of artificial intelligence security vulnerabilities under Vulnerabilities Equities Process. Sec. 710. Prohibition on certain artificial intelligence models on intelligence community systems.
Sec. 801. Modification to notification requirements for authorized and ordered departures. Sec. 802. Intelligence support to the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation. Sec. 803. Technical amendments.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
In this division:
(1) Congressional intelligence committees.--The term "congressional intelligence committees" has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003).
(2) Intelligence community.--The term "intelligence community" has the meaning given such term in such section.
SEC. 101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2027 for the conduct of the intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the Federal Government.
SEC. 102. CLASSIFIED SCHEDULE OF AUTHORIZATIONS.
(a) Specifications of Amounts.--The amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 101 for the conduct of the intelligence activities of the Federal Government are those specified in the classified Schedule of Authorizations prepared to accompany this division.
(b) Availability of Classified Schedule of Authorizations.--
(1) Availability.--The classified Schedule of Authorizations referred to in subsection (a) shall be made available to the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, and to the President.
(2) Distribution by the president.--Subject to paragraph (3), the President shall provide for suitable distribution of the classified Schedule of Authorizations referred to in subsection (a), or of appropriate portions of such Schedule, within the executive branch of the Federal Government.
(3) Limits on disclosure.--The President shall not publicly disclose the classified Schedule of Authorizations or any portion of such Schedule except--
(A) as provided in section 601(a) of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (50 U.S.C. 3306(a));
(B) to the extent necessary to implement the budget; or
(C) as otherwise required by law.
SEC. 103. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT ACCOUNT.
(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated for the Intelligence Community Management Account of the Director of National Intelligence for fiscal year 2027 the sum of $568,000,000.
(b) Classified Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts authorized to be appropriated for the Intelligence Community Management Account by subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated for the Intelligence Community Management Account for fiscal year 2027 such additional amounts as are specified in the classified Schedule of Authorizations referred to in section 102(a).
SEC. 104. INCREASE IN EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS
AUTHORIZED BY LAW.
Appropriations authorized by this division for salary, pay, retirement, and other benefits for Federal employees may be increased by such additional or supplemental amounts as may be necessary for increases in such compensation or benefits authorized by law.
TITLE II--CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM
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SEC. 201. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There is authorized to be appropriated for the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability Fund $514,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
TITLE III--MATTERS RELATING TO THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
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SEC. 301. APPOINTMENT OF DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL
INTELLIGENCE AND ASSISTANT DIRECTORS OF
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE.
(a) Redesignation of Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence as Deputy Director of National Intelligence.--
(1) In general.--Subsection (a) of section 103A of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3026) is amended--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking "Principal"; and
(B) by striking "Principal" each place it appears.
(2) Conforming amendments.--Subsection (c) of such section is amended--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking "Principal"; and
(B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking "Principal".
(3) Additional conforming amendment.--
(A) National security act of 1947.--Such Act is further amended--
(i) in section 103(c)(2) (50 U.S.C. 3025(c)(2)), by striking "Principal";
(ii) in section 103I(b)(1) (50 U.S.C. 3034(b)(1)), by striking "Principal";
(iii) in section 106(a)(2)(A) (50 U.S.C. 3041(a)(2)(A)), by striking "Principal"; and
(iv) in section 116(b) (50 U.S.C. 3053(b)), by striking "Principal".
(B) Damon paul nelson and matthew young pollard intelligence authorization act for fiscal years 2018, 2019, and 2020.--Section 6310 of the Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (50 U.S.C. 3351b) is amended by striking "Principal" each place it appears.
(C) National defense authorization act for fiscal year 2022.--Section 1683(b)(3) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (50 U.S.C. 3373(b)(3)) is amended by striking "Principal" both places it appears.
(b) Elimination of Deputy Directors of National Intelligence and Establishment of Assistant Directors of National Intelligence.--
(1) In general.--Section 103A(b) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3026(b)) is amended--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking "Deputy" and inserting "Assistant";
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking "may" and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: "is an Assistant Director of National Intelligence for Mission Integration and an Assistant Director of National Intelligence for Policy and Capabilities, who shall be appointed by the Director of National Intelligence."; and
(C) in paragraph (2), by striking "Deputy" and inserting "Assistant".
(2) Conforming amendments.--The National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.) is amended--
(A) in section 102A(l)(4)(F) (50 U.S.C. 3024(l)(4)(F)), as redesignated by section 402(g)(1)(B), by striking "a Deputy" and inserting "an Assistant"; and
(B) in section 103(c) (50 U.S.C. 3025(c)), by striking paragraph (3).
(c) References to Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence in Law.--Any reference in law to the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence shall be treated as a reference to the Deputy Director of National Intelligence.
(d) Clerical Amendments.--
(1) Section heading.--Section 103A of such Act (50 U.S.C. 3026) is further amended, in the section heading, by striking "deputy directors of national intelligence" and inserting "deputy director of national intelligence and assistant directors of national intelligence".
(2) Table of contents.--The table of contents for such Act, in the matter preceding section 2 of such Act, is amended by striking the item relating to section 103A and inserting the following:
"Sec. 103A. Deputy Director of National Intelligence and Assistant Directors of National Intelligence.".
SEC. 302. REPEAL OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT COUNCIL.
(a) In General.--Section 103M of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3034d) is repealed.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents of such Act is amended by striking the item relating to section 103M.
SEC. 303. REPEAL OF VARIOUS POSITIONS, UNITS, CENTERS,
COUNCILS, AND OFFICES.
(a) Intelligence Community Chief Data Officer.--
(1) Repeal.--Title I of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3021 et seq.) is amended by striking section 103K (50 U.S.C. 3034b).
(2) Conforming amendment.--Section 103G of such Act (50 U.S.C. 3032) is amended by striking subsection (d).
(3) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents for such Act in the matter preceding section 2 of such Act is amended by striking the item relating to section 103K.
(b) Intelligence Community Innovation Unit.--
(1) Termination.--The Director of National Intelligence shall take such actions as may be necessary to terminate and wind down the operations of the Intelligence Community Innovation Unit before the date specified in paragraph (3).
(2) Repeal.--
(A) In general.--Title I of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3021 et seq.) is further amended by striking section 103L (50 U.S.C. 3034c).
(B) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents for such Act, in the matter preceding section 2 of such Act, is further amended by striking the item relating to section 103L.
(3) Effective date.--The amendments made by this subsection shall take effect on the date that is 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(c) Technical Amendment Regarding Expired Climate Security Advisory Council.--
(1) Repeal.--Title I of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3021 et seq.) is further amended by striking section 120 (50 U.S.C. 3060).
(2) Conforming amendment.--Section 331 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117-81; 10 U.S.C. 113 note) is amended by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
"(2) The term `climate security' means the effects of climate change on the following:
"(A) The national security of the United States, including national security infrastructure.
"(B) Subnational, national, and regional political stability.
"(C) The security of allies and partners of the United States.
"(D) Ongoing or potential political violence, including unrest, rioting, guerrilla warfare, insurgency, terrorism, rebellion, revolution, civil war, and interstate war.".
(3) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents for such Act, in the matter preceding section 2 of such Act, is further amended by striking the item relating to section 120.
(d) Framework for Cross-Disciplinary Education and Training.--
(1) Repeal.--Subtitle A of title X of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3191 et seq.) is amended by striking section 1002 (50 U.S.C. 3192).
(2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents for such Act, in the matter preceding section 2 of such Act, is further amended by striking the item relating to section 1002.
(e) Joint Intelligence Community Council.--
(1) Termination.--The Joint Intelligence Community Council is terminated.
(2) Conforming amendment.--Title I of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3021 et seq.) is amended by striking section 101A (50 U.S.C. 3022).
(3) Repeal of requirement to consult with joint intelligence community council for national intelligence program budget.--Section 102A(c)(1)(B) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3024(c)(1)(B)) is amended by striking ", as appropriate, after obtaining the advice of the Joint Intelligence Community Council,".
(4) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents for such Act in the matter preceding section 2 of such Act is amended by striking the item relating to section 101A.
SEC. 304. LIMITATION ON DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES AT THE NATIONAL
COUNTERTERRORISM CENTER.
(a) Domestic Counterterrorism Intelligence.--Subsection (e) of section 119 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3056) is amended to read as follows:
"(e) Limitation on Domestic Activities.--The Center may, consistent with applicable law, the direction of the President, and the guidelines referred to in section 102A(b), receive and retain intelligence pertaining to domestic terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of title 18, United States Code) only as necessary to enable the Center to collect, retain, and disseminate intelligence pertaining to international terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of title 18, United States Code).".
SEC. 305. TIMELY PROVISION OF SECURITY DIRECTION TO
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY WHISTLEBLOWERS.
(a) Intelligence Community Employees.--Section 103H(k)(5)(D)(ii)(II) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3033(k)(5)(D)(ii)(II)) is amended by inserting ", unless the Director does not provide such direction not later than 7 calendar days after the date on which the employee furnishes the statement required by subclause (I)" after "practices".
(b) Central Intelligence Agency Employees.--Section 17(d)(5)(D)(ii)(II) of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C. 3517(d)(5)(D)(ii)(II)) is amended by inserting ", unless the Director does not provide such direction not later than 7 calendar days after the date on which the employee furnishes the statement required by subclause (I)" after "practices".
SEC. 306. NO POLICE, SUBPOENA, OR LAW ENFORCEMENT POWERS OR
INTERNAL SECURITY FUNCTIONS FOR DIRECTOR OF
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE.
Section 102A of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3024) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(z) No Police, Subpoena, or Law Enforcement Powers or Internal Security Functions.--The Director of National Intelligence shall have no police, subpoena, or law enforcement powers or internal security functions.".
TITLE IV--MATTERS RELATING TO THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
SEC. 401. MODIFICATION RELATING TO SECURITY PERSONNEL AT
CERTAIN INSTALLATIONS.
Section 15(a)(1)(D) of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C. 3515(a)(1)(D)) is amended by inserting "or the National Reconnaissance Office" after "Office of the Director of National Intelligence".
TITLE V--MATTERS RELATING TO OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY
SEC. 501. AUTHORITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY TO CORRELATE,
EVALUATE, AND DISSEMINATE CERTAIN INTELLIGENCE.
The National Security Agency Act of 1959 (50 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 23. AUTHORITY TO CORRELATE, EVALUATE, AND DISSEMINATE
CERTAIN INTELLIGENCE.
"The Director of the National Security Agency may--
"(1) correlate and evaluate intelligence related to national security; and
"(2) disseminate such intelligence to legislative and executive branch customers as the Director considers appropriate.".
SEC. 502. FUNDS FOR FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED
WITH AND BY THE NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE.
(a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 21 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 421 the following:
"Sec. 421a.
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Funds for foreign intelligence activities
conducted with and by the National Reconnaissance Office
"(a) Use of Appropriated Funds.--The Director of the National Reconnaissance Office may use appropriated funds available to the National Reconnaissance Office for intelligence and communications purposes to pay for the expenses of arrangements with foreign countries for intelligence activities conducted with and by the National Reconnaissance Office.
"(b) Use of Funds Other Than Appropriated Funds.--The Director of the National Reconnaissance Office may use funds other than appropriated funds to pay for the expenses of arrangements with foreign countries for intelligence activities conducted with and by the National Reconnaissance Office, except that--
"(1) no such funds may be expended, in whole or in part, by or for the benefit of the Department of Defense for a purpose for which Congress had previously denied funds;
"(2) proceeds from the sale of items or services may be used only to purchase replacement items similar to the items that are sold; and
"(3) the authority provided by this subsection may not be used to acquire items or services for the principal benefit of the United States.
"(c) Reports.--
"(1) Use of appropriated funds.--Any funds expended under the authority of subsection (a) shall be reported, pursuant to the provisions of title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.), to--
"(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Subcommittee on Defense of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
"(B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Subcommittee on Defense of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
"(2) Use of funds other than appropriated funds.--Funds expended under the authority of subsection (b) shall be reported to the committees described in paragraph (1) pursuant to procedures jointly agreed upon by such committees and the Director of the National Reconnaissance Office.".
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of such subchapter is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 421 the following:
"421a. Funds for foreign intelligence activities conducted with and by the National Reconnaissance Office.".
SEC. 503. MODIFICATION OF ANNUAL REPORT ON FEDERAL BUREAU OF
INVESTIGATION CASE DATA.
Section 512A(b)(6) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3111a(b)(6)) is amended by striking "country affiliation" and inserting "terrorist organization".
SEC. 504. ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE OF COUNTERINTELLIGENCE.
Section 311 of title 31, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking "; and" and inserting a semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (2), the following new paragraph (3):
"(3) identify and mitigate counterintelligence threats to the Department of the Treasury; and"; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
"(c) Office of Counterintelligence.--There is established, within the Office of Intelligence and Analysis, the Office of Counterintelligence, which shall be responsible for implementing the policies and procedures across the bureaus of the Department of the Treasury required to carry out the counterintelligence responsibilities described in subsection (a).".
SEC. 505. ROLE OF NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY IN COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS OF SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE.
The National Security Agency Act of 1959 (50 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 23. SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE.
"The Director of the National Security Agency shall--
"(1) provide overall direction for and coordination of the collection and analysis of signals intelligence by elements of the intelligence community authorized to undertake such collection and analysis; and
"(2) in coordination with other departments, agencies, and elements of the United States Government that are authorized to undertake such collection, ensure that--
"(A) the most effective use is made of resources; and
"(B) appropriate account is taken of the risks to the United States and those involved in such collection.".
SEC. 601. AMENDMENTS TO PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS FOR
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY POSITIONS.
(a) Appointment of Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.--Section 104B(a) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3037(a)) is amended by inserting ", by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" after "President".
(b) Appointment of Deputy Director of the National Security Agency.--Section 2 of the National Security Agency Act of 1959 (50 U.S.C. 3602) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(c) There is a Deputy Director of the National Security Agency, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.".
(c) Appointment of Director of the National Counterterrorism Center.--Section 119(b)(1) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3056(b)(1)) is amended by striking "President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" and inserting "Director of National Intelligence".
(d) Appointment of Director the National Counterintelligence and Security Center.--Section 902(a) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (50 U.S.C. 3382(a)) is amended by striking "President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" and inserting "Director of National Intelligence".
(e) Appointment of General Counsel of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.--Section 103C(a) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3028(a)) is amended by striking "by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" and inserting "by the Director of National Intelligence".
(f) Appointment of General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency.--Section 20(a) of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C. 3520(a)) is amended by striking "by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" and inserting "by the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency".
SEC. 602. ANALYTIC STANDARDS FOR ALL-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
PRODUCTS.
(a) In General.--The National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 1115.
Text printed in the Record (11,042 characters)
ANALYTIC STANDARDS FOR ALL-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE
PRODUCTS.
"(a) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) All-source intelligence product.--The term `all-source intelligence product'--
"(A) means any intelligence product published by an element of the intelligence community using multiple types of intelligence for purposes of providing an analytic assessment or situational update; and
"(B) does not include a product containing purely law enforcement information.
"(2) Assumption.--The term `assumption' means a supposition used to frame or support an argument.
"(3) Judgment.--The term `judgment' means a conclusion based on underlying intelligence information, analysis, and assumptions.
"(b) Establishment.--
"(1) In general.--The production of any all-source intelligence product shall adhere to--
"(A) the analytic standards described in subsection (c); and
"(B) any guidance or policy issued under paragraph (2).
"(2) Guidance and policy.--The Director of National Intelligence or any other head of an element of the intelligence community may issue guidance or policy that expands upon the standards described in subsection (c) as such head considers appropriate, except that any such guidance or policy shall not contradict or otherwise circumvent such standards.
"(c) Analytic Standards.--The standards described in this subsection are the following:
"(1) Objectivity.--In producing any all-source intelligence product, an analyst--
"(A) shall--
"(i) perform the analyst's functions with objectivity and with awareness of their own assumptions and reasoning;
"(ii) employ reasoning techniques and practical mechanisms that reveal and mitigate bias;
"(iii) be alert to influence by existing analytic positions or judgments; and
"(iv) consider alternative perspectives and contrary information; and
"(B) shall not be unduly constrained by previous judgments when new developments indicate a modification is necessary.
"(2) Independent of political consideration.--Any all-source intelligence product shall not be--
"(A) distorted by, or shaped for, advocacy of a particular audience, agenda, or policy viewpoint; or
"(B) influenced by the force of preference for a particular policy.
"(3) Timely.--Any all-source intelligence product shall be disseminated in time for the product to be actionable by customers.
"(4) Based on all relevant information available.--Any all-source intelligence product shall be informed by all relevant information available.
"(5) Analytic tradecraft standards.--Any all-source intelligence product shall adhere to the following analytic tradecraft standards:
"(A) Sourcing.--Any all-source intelligence product shall--
"(i) identify and properly describe the quality and credibility of underlying sources, data, and methodologies upon which judgments are based; and
"(ii) use source descriptors in accordance with sourcing guidance prescribed by the Director of National Intelligence.
"(B) Uncertainty.--Any all-source intelligence product shall--
"(i) indicate and explain the basis for the uncertainties associated with major analytic judgments, specifically the likelihood of occurrence of an event or development, and the analyst's confidence in the basis for the judgment;
"(ii) note causes of uncertainty, including assumptions and gaps, and explain how uncertainties affect analysis; and
"(iii) for expressions of likelihood or probability, use one of the sets of terms defined in Intelligence Community Directive 203.
"(C) Distinguishing.--Any all-source intelligence product shall--
"(i) clearly distinguish statements that convey underlying intelligence information used in analysis from statements that convey assumptions or judgments;
"(ii) state an assumption explicitly when the assumption serves as the linchpin of an argument or when the assumption bridges key information gaps;
"(iii) explain the implications for judgments if assumptions prove to be incorrect; and
"(iv) as appropriate, identify indicators that, if detected, would alter judgments.
"(D) Incorporate analysis of alternatives.--Any all-source intelligence product shall--
"(i) identify and assess plausible alternative hypotheses;
"(ii) in discussing alternatives, address factors such as associated assumptions, likelihood, or implications related to United States interests; and
"(iii) identify indicators that, if detected, would affect the likelihood of identified alternatives.
"(E) Relevance.--Any all-source intelligence product shall provide information and insight on United States national security issues.
"(F) Argumentation.--Any all-source intelligence product shall--
"(i) present a clear main analytic message up front;
"(ii) in the case of a product containing multiple judgments, have a main analytic message that is drawn collectively from those judgments; and
"(iii) be effectively supported by relevant intelligence information and coherent reasoning.
"(G) Analytic line.--Any all-source intelligence product shall--
"(i) state how its major judgments on a topic are consistent with or represent a change from major judgments in previously published analysis, or that it represent initial coverage of a topic; and
"(ii) fully consider and bring to the attention of customers significant differences in analytic judgment, such as between two analytic elements of the intelligence community.
"(H) Accuracy.--Any all-source intelligence product shall--
"(i) apply expertise and logic to make the most accurate judgments and assessments possible, based on the information available and known information gaps; and
"(ii) express judgments as clearly and precisely as possible, reducing ambiguity by addressing the likelihood, timing, and nature of the outcome or development.
"(I) Visuals.--Any all-source intelligence product shall incorporate effective visual information as appropriate. Any content of any all-source intelligence product depicted visually shall adhere to the analytic standards described in this subsection.
"(d) Required Information.--
"(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), any all-source intelligence product shall include a section dedicated to
explaining the tradecraft related to the analytic tradecraft standards described in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), and (G) of subsection (c)(5).
"(2) Exceptions.--The requirement of paragraph (1) shall not apply to--
"(A) any all source-intelligence product less than 300 words; or
"(B) any all-source intelligence product produced for the President's Daily Brief.
"(e) Tracking Adherence to Analytic Standards.--The Director of National Intelligence and each other head of an element of the intelligence community shall--
"(1) develop metrics for evaluating the performance of their respective element in adhering to the analytic standards described in subsection (c); and
"(2) use such metrics to evaluate individual performance, develop analytic workforce training, and inform Congress on matters related to analytic performance.".
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:
"Sec. 1115. Analytic standards for all-source intelligence products.".
SEC. 603. BEN SASSE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY TECHNOLOGY
FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.
(a) In General.--Title X of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3191 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1002 the following:
"SEC. 1003. BEN SASSE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY TECHNOLOGY
FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.
"(a) In General.--There is established a program (in this section referred to as the `Program') under which selected employees of the intelligence community may train at certain nongovernmental entities as technology fellows.
"(b) Designation.--The program shall be known as the `Ben Sasse Intelligence Community Technology Fellowship Program'.
"(c) Agreements.--
"(1) Nongovernmental entities.--Each head of an element of the intelligence community described in paragraph (3) shall seek to enter into agreements with nongovernmental entities with experience in cutting-edge technology under which such entities may host technology fellows under the Program.
"(2) Selected employees.--For each employee of an element of the intelligence community selected for participation in the Program in accordance with subsection (e), the head of the element of the intelligence community that selected the employee shall provide for a written agreement among that element of the intelligence community, the nongovernmental entity concerned, and the employee. The agreement shall--
"(A) require that the employee of the element of the intelligence community, upon completion of the fellowship, serve in that element, or elsewhere in the intelligence community if approved by the head of the element that selected the employee, for a period equal to twice the length of the fellowship;
"(B) provide that if the employee of the element of the intelligence community fails to carry out the agreement, the employee shall be liable to the United States for payment of all expenses of the fellowship, unless that failure was for good and sufficient reason, as determined by the head of the element that selected the employee; and
"(C) contain language ensuring that the employee of the element of the intelligence community does not improperly use information that the employee knows relates to an acquisition or procurement of the element of the intelligence community for the benefit or advantage of the nongovernmental entity.
"(3) Elements described.--The elements of the intelligence community described in this paragraph are the following:
"(A) The Central Intelligence Agency.
"(B) The National Security Agency.
"(C) The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
"(D) The National Reconnaissance Office.
"(E) The Defense Intelligence Agency.
"(d) Board.--
"(1) In general.--There is established a board for the Program (in this section referred to as the `Board').
"(2) Membership.--The Board shall be composed of the directors of science and technology, or equivalents, of the elements of the intelligence community described in subsection (c)(3).
"(3) Co-chairs.--The members of the Board shall serve as co-chairs of the Board.
"(4) Selection criteria.--The Board shall establish selection criteria for the participation of employees in the Program.
"(e) Selection.--Each year, each head of an element of the intelligence community described in subsection (c)(3) shall select two employees of such element to participate in the Program.
"(f) Term.--An employee selected for participation in the Program may serve for one year as a technology fellow at a nongovermental entity that has entered into an agreement under subsection (c)(1) with the head of the element of the intelligence community concerned.".
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents of such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1002 the following:
"Sec. 1003. Ben Sasse Intelligence Community Technology Fellowship Program.".
SEC. 604.
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COUNTERING HOSTILE FOREIGN CYBER ACTORS AS A
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PRIORITY.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) In 2025, foreign malicious cybercriminal organizations, such as foreign scam centers that engage in sophisticated investment fraud, cyber-enabled extortion activity, and impersonation-based fraud, stole at least $7,566,000,000 from Americans according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Internet Crime Complaint Center, which has emphasized that these estimates are conservative and only includes losses reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
(2) According to the Consumer Federation of America, Americans are losing an estimated $119,000,000,000 each year to online scams.
(3) Investigative reporting, Federal indictments, and sanctions designations issued by the Department of the Treasury have revealed the extent to which foreign malicious cybercriminal organizations collaborate with foreign governments, illicit finance actors, and foreign militia groups whose activities present a threat to the economic and national security of the United States.
(4) Foreign malicious cybercriminal organizations rely extensively on communications and financial services of United States companies, enabling the organizations' targeting of vulnerable Americans.
(5) Targeted efforts against the United States intelligence community by foreign malicious cybercriminal organizations to defraud or extort by using deepfakes, voice-cloning, or other sophisticated technological advancements presents a counterintelligence threat.
(b) Sense of Congress.--
(1) In general.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(A) foreign malicious cybercriminal organizations, and foreign affiliates associated with those organizations, constitute hostile foreign cyber actors and are valid targets for intelligence operations under existing intelligence authorities; and
(B) the Director of National Intelligence should treat collection, analysis, and disruption toward hostile foreign cyber actors as a national intelligence priority as part of the National Intelligence Priorities Framework.
(2) Hostile foreign cyber actors.--The hostile foreign cyber actors described in paragraph (1) include, at a minimum, the following:
(A) Prince Group.
(B) Huione Group.
(C) L.Y.P. Group.
(D) Jin Bei Group.
(E) Funnull Technology Inc.
(F) TransAsia International holding Group Thailand Company Limited.
(G) The Democratic Karen Benevolent Army.
(H) HH Bank Cambodia PLC.
(c) Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall submit to Congress a report on hostile foreign cyber actors, such as foreign scam centers.
(2) Contents.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A) An identification of the individuals and entities operating as hostile foreign cyber actors, including foreign scam centers, that pose the most significant threat.
(B) An identification of the locations from which the individuals and entities identified under subparagraph (A) operate.
(C) A description of the infrastructure, tactics, and techniques hostile foreign cyber actors, including foreign scam centers, commonly use, including reliance on any products or services subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
(D) A description of any relationships between the individuals and entities that operate as hostile foreign cyber actors, including foreign scam centers, and their governments or countries of origin that could impede the ability to counter threats from such centers.
(E) An identification of communications and financial services providers subject to the jurisdiction of the United States that provide enabling services to individuals and entities identified under subparagraph (A).
(F) A description of any relationships that the individuals and entities identified under subparagraph (A) have with transnational organized crime groups.
(3) Form; public availability.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex. The unclassified form of the report shall be made available to the public.
SEC. 605. NOTIFICATION OF CRIMINAL REFERRALS REGARDING
CURRENT OR FORMER INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
EMPLOYEES.
(a) In General.--Title V of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 519. NOTIFICATION OF CRIMINAL REFERRALS REGARDING
CURRENT OR FORMER INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
EMPLOYEES.
"(a) Definition of Appropriate Committees of Congress.--In this section, the term `appropriate committees of Congress' means the following:
"(1) The congressional intelligence committees.
"(2) The Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate.
"(3) The Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.
"(b) Notice Requirement.--If an element of the intelligence community makes a criminal referral to the Department of Justice regarding a current or former employee of any element of the intelligence community, the general counsel of the element of the intelligence community that made the referral shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress of the referral on the date such referral is made and provide to the appropriate committees of Congress a summary of the referral.".
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 518 the following:
"Sec. 519. Notification of criminal referrals regarding current or former intelligence community employees.".
SEC. 606. MODIFICATION OF DEFINITIONS IN NATIONAL SECURITY
ACT OF 1947 AND SCOPE OF INTELLIGENCE SHARING
RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL
INTELLIGENCE.
(a) Definitions.--Section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking "includes" and inserting "means"; and
(2) in paragraph (5)--
(A) in the matter before subparagraph (A), by striking "refer to all" and inserting "means";
(B) by amended subparagraph (B) to read as follows:
"(B) involves foreign threats to the United States, its people, property, or interests.".
(b) Scope of Intelligence Sharing Responsibilities.--Section 102A(f)(1) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 3024(f)(1)) is amended, in the first sentence, by inserting ", and other Federal agencies as the Director considers appropriate," after "community".
SEC. 607. PROHIBITION ON INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY USE OF
ADVERSARY UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Covered foreign country.--The term "covered foreign country" means any of the following:
(A) The People's Republic of China.
(B) The Russian Federation.
(C) The Islamic Republic of Iran.
(D) The Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
(2) Covered foreign entity.--The term "covered foreign entity" means an entity that is domiciled in a covered foreign country, or subject to influence or control by the government of a covered foreign country as determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Secretary of Defense, and any subsidiary or affiliate of such an entity.
(3) Covered unmanned ground vehicle system.--The term "covered unmanned ground vehicle system"--
(A) means a mechanical device that--
(i) is capable of locomotion, navigation, or movement on the ground; and
(ii) operates at a distance from one or more operators or supervisors based on commands or in response to sensor data, or through any combination thereof; and
(B) includes--
(i) remote surveillance vehicles, autonomous patrol technologies, mobile robotics, and humanoid robots; and
(ii) the vehicle, its payload, and any external device used to control the vehicle.
(b) Prohibition on Procurement of Covered Unmanned Ground Vehicle Systems From Covered Foreign Entities.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided under paragraph (2), the head of an element of the intelligence community may not procure any covered unmanned ground vehicle system that is manufactured or assembled by a covered foreign entity.
(2) Exemption.--The heads of elements of the intelligence community are exempt from the restriction under paragraph (1) if the procurement is required in the national interest of the United States and--
(A) is for the sole purposes of research, evaluation, training, testing, or analysis for electronic warfare, information warfare operations, cybersecurity, or development of unmanned ground vehicle system or counter-unmanned ground vehicle system technology;
(B) is for the sole purposes of conducting counterterrorism or counterintelligence activities, protective missions, or Federal criminal or national security investigations, including forensic examinations, or for electronic warfare, information warfare operations, cybersecurity, or development of an unmanned ground vehicle system or counter-unmanned ground vehicle technology; or
(C) is an unmanned ground vehicle system that, as procured or as modified after procurement but before operational use, can no longer transfer to, or download data from, a covered foreign entity and otherwise poses no national security cybersecurity risks as determined by the exempting official.
(c) Prohibition on Operation of Covered Unmanned Ground Vehicle Systems From Covered Foreign Entities.--
(1) Prohibition.--
(A) In general.--Beginning on the date that is one year after the date of the enactment of this Act and except as provided in paragraph (2), no element of the intelligence community may operate a covered unmanned ground vehicle system manufactured or assembled by a covered foreign entity.
(B) Applicability to contracted services.--The prohibition under subparagraph (A) applies to any covered unmanned ground vehicle systems that are being used by any element of the intelligence community through the method of contracting for the services of covered unmanned ground vehicle systems.
(2) Exemption.--The heads of the elements of the intelligence community are exempt from the restriction under paragraph (1) if the operation is required in the national interest of the United States and--
(A) is for the sole purposes of research, evaluation, training, testing, or analysis for electronic warfare, information warfare operations, cybersecurity, or development of unmanned ground vehicle system or counter-unmanned ground vehicle system technology;
(B) is for the sole purposes of conducting counterterrorism or counterintelligence activities, protective missions, or Federal criminal or national security investigations, including forensic examinations, or for electronic warfare, information warfare operations, cybersecurity, or development of an unmanned ground vehicle system or counter-unmanned ground vehicle system technology; or
(C) is an unmanned ground vehicle system that, as procured or as modified after procurement but before operational use, can no longer transfer to, or download data from, a covered foreign entity and otherwise poses no national security cybersecurity risks as determined by the exempting official.
SEC. 608.
Text printed in the Record (11,438 characters)
CHINA-TAIWAN STRATEGIC WARNING TASK FORCE.
(a) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence shall establish a task force to be known as the China-Taiwan Strategic Warning Task Force (referred to in this section as the "Task Force") to lead the efforts of the intelligence community with respect to providing indications and warning of any military aggression by the People's Republic of China against Taiwan.
(b) Objectives.--The objectives of the Task Force are the following:
(1) The synchronization of all intelligence community efforts related to China-Taiwan indications and warning, including the generation of indicators and development of collection requirements related to such indicators.
(2) The coordination of analysis related to China-Taiwan indications and warning and the development of analytic methodologies for use across the intelligence community in conducting analysis related to China-Taiwan indications and warning.
(3) The development and implementation of information technology solutions to synchronize the access of the intelligence community to information relating to indications and warning.
(c) Membership.--The Task Force shall be composed of the following members (or their designees):
(1) The Director of National Intelligence.
(2) The Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency.
(3) The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
(4) The Director of the National-Geospatial Intelligence Agency.
(5) The Director of the National Security Agency.
(6) The Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Intelligence and Analysis.
(7) The Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research.
(8) Such other heads of the elements of the intelligence community as the Director of National Intelligence determines appropriate.
(d) Leadership; Organization; Meetings.--
(1) Chair.--The Director of National Intelligence (or a designee of the Director) shall be the chair of the Task Force.
(2) Working groups.--The Task Force may create subordinate working groups as determined by the chair.
(3) Meeting frequency.--The Task Force shall meet regularly but not less than quarterly.
(e) Staffing.--
(1) In general.--The Task Force may hire staff and create joint duty assignments assigned to the Task Force. The Task Force may not exceed 25 full-time equivalent staff in total.
(2) Agency liaison.--Each member listed in subsection (b) shall appoint a senior intelligence officer from the agency concerned to serve as a liaison to the Task Force. Such liaison shall be responsible for coordinating the participation and support of the agency concerned to the Task Force.
(f) Initial Reports.--. Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Task Force shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees and the congressional defense committees a report on the status of the Task Force, including--
(1) a summary of the efforts of the intelligence community with respect to China-Taiwan indications and warning;
(2) a summary of efforts by the Task Force to develop a common set of indicators and organize collection efforts by the intelligence community against such indicators;
(3) a description of the resources provided by each Task Force member towards efforts with respect to China-Taiwan indications and warning, disaggregated by--
(A) dollars spent or planned to be spent during fiscal year 2027; and
(B) total full-time equivalent personnel; and
(4) recommendations to improve the collection and analysis of the intelligence community with respect to China-Taiwan indications and warning.
(g) Sunset.--The provisions of this section shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 609. LIMITATIONS RELATING TO CHINESE PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES.
(a) Prohibition on Use by Intelligence Community.--
(1) In general.--Paragraph (1) of subsection (e) of section 6604 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (50 U.S.C. 3334m note; division F of Public Law 119-60) is amended to read as follows:
"(1) Covered application.--The term `covered application' means--
"(A) the DeepSeek application or any successor application or service; or
"(B) any product or service from any entity of the People's Republic of China that is included on--
"(i) the Entity List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce;
"(ii) the list (sometimes known as the `Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Companies List') maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury under Executive Order 13959, as amended by Executive Order 14032 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to addressing the threat from securities investments that finance certain companies of the People's Republic of China), or any successor order; or
"(iii) the list of Chinese military companies required under section 1260H of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note; Public Law 116-283) and maintained by the Department of Defense.".
(2) Conforming amendment.--The heading for such section is amended by striking "deepseek" and inserting "products and services from people's republic of china".
(b) Limitation on Procurement by Intelligence Community.--Section 414 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (28 U.S.C. 532 note; division X of Public Law 117-103) is amended--
(1) in the section heading, by striking "by federal bureau of investigation";
(2) in subsection (a)--
(A) in the matter before paragraph (1), by striking "Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation" and inserting "head of an element of the intelligence community";
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking "Federal Bureau of Investigation" and inserting "element"; and
(C) in paragraph (3), by striking "Director (or a designee of the Director)" and inserting "head";
(3) in subsection (b), by striking "the Director (or a designee of the Director, as applicable) approves a recommendation pursuant to subsection (a)(3), the Director shall" and inserting "the head of an element of the intelligence community approves a recommendation pursuant to subsection (a)(3), the head shall";
(4) in subsection (c), by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
"(2) People's republic of china product or service.--The term `People's Republic of China product or service' means--
"(A) an information or communication technology product manufactured in China, Hong Kong, or Macau and designed, developed, or maintained by a firm that is domiciled in China, Hong Kong, or Macau; or
"(B) an information or communication technology product or service provided or manufactured by--
"(i) an entity that is fully or partially owned or controlled by, or otherwise connected to, the government of China; or
"(ii) an entity included on the list submitted by the Director of National Intelligence under section 6706(c) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (division F of Public Law 119-60; 139 Stat. 1648).".
SEC. 610. BIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OF THE
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.
(a) In General.--Title I of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3021 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 124. BIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OF THE
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.
"(a) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) Biological data.--The term `biological data' means multiomic information and other relevant information, including associated descriptors, derived from the structure, function, or process of a biological system, that is measured, collected, or aggregated for analysis, including information from humans, animals, plants, or microbes.
"(2) Biological intelligence.--The term `biological intelligence' includes the information collected or disseminated by the intelligence community concerning biological threats through genomic surveillance, immunological monitoring, environmental sampling, multiomic analysis, and other scientific methodologies.
"(3) Biological threat.--The term `biological threat' includes any naturally occurring infectious disease, engineered pathogen, toxin, or other biological agent that poses a risk to human, animal, or plant health or to the national security of the United States.
"(b) Determination; Dissemination.--The Director of National Intelligence, in such coordination with the Secretary of Defense as the Director considers appropriate, shall, consistent with applicable Federal law and Executive Order 12333 (50 U.S.C. 3001 note; relating to United States intelligence activities)--
"(1) determine which United States agencies would benefit from receiving anonymized biological data and biological intelligence in support of detection, characterization, and attribution of foreign biological threats; and
"(2) disseminate such anonymized biological data and biological intelligence to agencies identified under paragraph (1).
"(c) Standards; Databases.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this section, the Director of National Intelligence shall, in such coordination with the Secretary of Defense as the Director considers appropriate and in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology--
"(1) ensure standards for the collection and data formats of anonymized biological data and biological intelligence are, to the extent possible, consistent with standards used by other United States agencies, including by--
"(A) providing for standardized data categorization and tagging of biological data;
"(B) considering standardized scientific and laboratory equipment and data collection methodologies; and
"(C) minimizing collection of any biological data that is likely to contain biological or genomic information specific to any United States person, including any derived data that is specific to any United States person; and
"(2) facilitate the establishment and maintenance of streamlined and unified accesses to databases of biological intelligence collected by the intelligence community or the Department of Defense.
"(d) Priority.--In carrying out subsections (b) and (c), the Director of National Intelligence shall prioritize supporting capabilities, including the development of technical tools, that enable the early detection, characterization, and attribution of naturally occurring, novel, or engineered pathogens that could threaten the United States.
"(e) Rule of Construction.--Unless otherwise authorized by any other provision of law, nothing in this section shall be construed to allow the sharing or dissemination of anonymized biological data derived from law enforcement actions, or to allow such law enforcement data to be maintained or shared through databases covered in paragraph (c)(2), unless such biological data solely relates to a biological threat as defined by (a)(3).".
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents of such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 123 the following:
"Sec. 124. Biological intelligence activities of the intelligence community.".
SEC. 611. PROHIBITION ON PARTICIPATION IN PREDICTION MARKETS.
(a) In General.--Title III of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3071 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 304 the following:
"SEC. 304A.
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PROHIBITION ON PARTICIPATION IN PREDICTION
MARKETS.
"(a) In General.--Except as may be necessary to conduct authorized intelligence activities, a covered individual may not participate in a prediction market on any topic relating to nonpublic information to which the covered individual has access by virtue of being a covered individual, during--
"(1) the period during which the covered individual is employed or contracted by an element of the intelligence community; or
"(2) the two-year period beginning on the date on which the covered individual ceases to be employed or contracted by such an element.
"(b) Policy.--Not later than 45 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Director of National Intelligence shall issue a policy implementing the prohibition in subsection (a), including--
"(1) establishing appropriate penalties for violating the prohibition; and
"(2) providing notice to all covered individuals.
"(c) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) Covered individual.--The term `covered individual' means an employee or contractor, or a former employee or contractor, of an element of the intelligence community who holds a security clearance.
"(2) Prediction market.--The term `prediction market' means a platform, company, or service that allows agreements, contracts, transactions, or swaps between users over the outcome of non-financial future events, such as sports, military actions, and elections.".
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents of such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 304 the following:
"Sec. 304A. Prohibition on participation in prediction markets.".
SEC. 612. REPEAL OF CERTAIN REPORT AND BRIEFING REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Oversight of Foreign Influence in Academia.--Section 5713 of the Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (50 U.S.C. 3369b) is repealed.
(b) Report on Efforts to Illicitly Acquire Satellites and Related Items.--Section 1261 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 (22 U.S.C. 2778 note; Public Law 112-239) is amended by striking subsection (e).
(c) Monitoring Mineral Investments Under Belt and Road Initiative of the People's Republic of China.--Section 7003 of the Energy Act of 2020 (50 U.S.C. 3372) is amended by striking subsection (d).
(d) Briefing on Protocols for Certain Intelligence Community Employees and Dependents.--Section 605(g) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (50 U.S.C. 3334k(g)) is amended by striking paragraph (3).
(e) Periodic Report on Positions in the Intelligence Community That Can Be Conducted Without Access to Classified Information, Networks, or Facilities.--Section 6610 of the Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (50 U.S.C. 3352e) is repealed.
(f) Review of Shared Information Technology Services for Personnel Vetting.--Section 7701 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (division G of Public Law 118-31; 137 Stat. 1100) is repealed.
(g) Supply Chain and Counterintelligence Risk Management Task Force.--Section 6306 of the Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (50 U.S.C. 3370) is amended by striking subsection (e).
(h) Report on Best Practices to Protect Privacy, Civil Liberties, and Civil Rights of Chinese Americans.--Section 620 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (50 U.S.C. 3240) is repealed.
(i) Enforcement of Cybersecurity Requirements for National Security Systems; Report on Exemptions.--Section 6309(f) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (44 U.S.C. 3557 note; division F of Public Law 117-263) is amended by striking paragraph (3).
(j) Report on Collaboration Between Intelligence Community and Department of Commerce to Counter Foreign Commercial Threats.--Section 6514(b) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (50 U.S.C. 3370b(b)) is amended by striking paragraph (6).
(k) Timeliness Standard for Rendering Determinations of Trust for Personnel Vetting; Reviews.--Section 7702(a) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (50 U.S.C. 3352h(a)) is amended by striking paragraph (2).
(l) Briefings on Status of Intelligence Community Innovation Unit.--Subsections (c) and (d) of section 7502 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (Public Law 118-31; 137 Stat. 1082) are repealed.
(m) Annual Training Requirement and Report Regarding Analytic Standards.--Section 6312 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (50 U.S.C. 3364 note; Public Law 117-263) is amended--
(1) by striking subsections (c) and (d); and
(2) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections (c) and (d), respectively.
(n) Annual Reports Regarding Intelligence Community Public-private Talent Exchanges.--Section 6506 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (Public Law 118-159; 138 Stat. 2497) is amended by striking subsection (e).
(o) Software Licensing.--Section 109 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3044) is amended--
(1) by striking subsection (c); and
(2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (c).
(p) Review and Update of Position Designation Guidance.--Section 7 of the SECRET Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-173; 132 Stat. 1294) is amended--
(1) by striking subsection (c); and
(2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (c).
(q) Report on Independent Study on Economic Impact of Military Invasion of Taiwan by People's Republic of China.--Section 7407 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal year 2024 (Public Law 118-31; 137 Stat. 1075) is amended--
(1) by striking subsection (c); and
(2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (c).
SEC. 613. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY PERSONNEL TRAVEL,
ALLOWANCES, AND RELATED EXPENSES REGULATIONS.
(a) Central Intelligence Agency.--Section 4 of the Central Intelligence Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C. 3505) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
"(c) Biennial Reviews and Reports.--Not later than September 30, 2027, and not less frequently than once every 2 years thereafter, the Director shall--
"(1) review the regulations covered by this section; and
"(2) not later than 10 days after completing a review under paragraph (1), submit to the congressional intelligence committees the findings of the Director with respect to the review, including identification of any changes to the regulations or personnel coverage thereof that the Director determines to be necessary for the performance of intelligence functions.".
(b) Office of Director of National Intelligence.--Section 102A of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3024) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
"(z) Biennial Reviews and Reports Regarding Intelligence Community Personnel Travel, Allowances, and Related Expenses Regulations.--Not later than September 30, 2027, and not less frequently than once every 2 years thereafter, in order to reflect the requirements of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence not taken into account in the formulation of Government-wide travel procedures covered by this section, the Director shall--
"(1) review such requirements; and
"(2) not later than 10 days after completing a review under paragraph (1), submit to the congressional intelligence committees the findings of the Director with respect to the review, including any regulations that the Director determines to be necessary for the performance of intelligence functions.".
SEC. 614. PROHIBITION ON SENDING AND RECEIVING OBJECTS USING
ENTITIES OWNED OR CONTROLLED BY PERSONS OR
GOVERNMENTS OF CERTAIN COUNTRIES.
(a) Definition of Covered Nation.--In this section, the term "covered nation" has the meaning given such term in section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code.
(b) In General.--
(1) List required.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, shall develop a list of products, intellectual property, technology, and any other objects that the Directors determine--
(A) affect the national security of the United States; and
(B) if acquired by a covered nation, would pose a threat to the national security of the United States.
(2) Form.--The list required by paragraph (1) may be in classified form.
(c) Prohibition.--Except as provided in subsection (d), no element of the intelligence community may send or receive any product, intellectual property, technology, or other object as identified pursuant to subsection (b) within the United States using an entity, including any shipping company, that is owned or substantially controlled by a person or a governmental entity domiciled in a covered nation.
(d) Waiver.--The head of an element of the intelligence community--
(1) may waive the prohibition in subsection (c) for the element on a case by case basis if the head determines that in the particular case, sending or receiving any product, intellectual property, technology, or other object by an entity identified pursuant to subsection (b) is necessary for the national security of the United States; and
(2) not later than 3 days after issuing such waiver, shall notify the Director of National Intelligence of the waiver.
(e) Notification.--Not later than 30 days after the head of an element of the intelligence community issues a waiver described in subsection (d), such head shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees a written notice of the waiver, which shall include--
(1) a justification for the waiver, including the product, intellectual property, technology, or other object subject to the waiver; and
(2) a description of the national security threat mitigation measures implemented for permitting the activity that otherwise would be prohibited under subsection (c).
SEC. 615.
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ENHANCING INTELLIGENCE COOPERATION IN THE INDO-
PACIFIC REGION.
(a) Definition of Intelligence Cooperation.--In this section, the term "intelligence cooperation" means activities authorized under the provisions of law administered by the heads of the elements of the intelligence community, including the collection, analysis, production, and dissemination of information, intelligence, and imagery.
(b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States to consider intelligence cooperation with allies and partners of the United States in the Indo-Pacific region a priority national security investment that will help deter aggression, reinforce regional stability, and reduce the risk of miscalculation, all of which will advance the national security and economic prosperity of the United States by helping to ensure a free and open Indo-Pacific region.
(c) Requirements.--
(1) In general.--The Director of National Intelligence shall, acting in close coordination with such heads of elements of the intelligence community as the Director considers relevant and the members of the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing alliance, undertake efforts to bolster and improve--
(A) the intelligence foundations of alliances between the United States and Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, and Thailand; and
(B) intelligence cooperation between the United States and other regional partners, such as India and Vietnam.
(2) Priority areas for enhanced cooperation.--Efforts undertaken pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include efforts--
(A) to address the speed and complexity of potential strategic and operational contingencies in the Indo-Pacific region, including any scenarios involving adversarial efforts to limit the freedom of navigation through critical maritime chokepoints threaten supply chain security;
(B) relatedly, to ensure shared situational awareness across the full spectrum of potential contingencies, including military indications and warnings;
(C) to enhance maritime, air, and space domain awareness, with the goal of providing decision advantage;
(D) to inform collective defense planning and response by further integrating intelligence cooperation into joint and combined operational planning activities, exercises, and wargames focused on regional contingencies, including the Rim of the Pacific;
(E) to encourage intelligence cooperation with Taiwan, consistent with United States law and policy; and
(F) to promote multilateral intelligence sharing and collaboration among allies and partners of the United States, such as through the United States-Japan-Republic of Korea trilateral mechanism and the United States-Japan-Philippines trilateral mechanism.
SEC. 616. INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES RELATED TO UKRAINE.
(a) Statement of Policy.--
(1) In general.--Section 3 of the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8902) is amended--
(A) in paragraph (16), by striking "; and" and inserting a semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (17), by striking the period at the end and inserting "; and"; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
"(18) to assist Ukraine in maintaining a credible defense and deterrence capability, including through the provision of intelligence support, as a means of advancing the national security of the United States, regional stability, and the protection of United States interests in Europe.".
(2) Definition.--Section 2 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 8901) is amended--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs (5) and (6), respectively; and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
"(3) Credible defense and deterrence capability.--The term `credible defense and deterrence capability' means the ability to defend against and deter any credible conventional military threat from the Russian Federation acting unilaterally or in concert with partners, through the use of conventional military means, possessed in sufficient quantity, including weapons platforms and munitions, and command, control, communication, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities.
"(4) Intelligence support.--The term `intelligence support' means activities authorized under the provisions of law governing the heads of the elements of the intelligence community, including the collection, analysis, production, and dissemination of information, intelligence, and imagery.".
(b) Requirement Relating to Intelligence Support Absent an Armistice or Comprehensive Political Settlement.--Until Ukraine and the Russian Federation voluntarily and freely enter into an armistice or comprehensive political settlement of the conflict, the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the heads of any other relevant element of the intelligence community, shall continue to ensure the provision of intelligence support to the Government of Ukraine for purposes of advancing United States policy goals in Ukraine.
(c) Pauses in Intelligence Support.--
(1) In general.--Intelligence support to Ukraine required under this section shall not be suspended or limited unless the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, identifies a specific and identifiable national security concern.
(2) Notification.--Not later than 15 days after making the decision to pause, terminate, restrict, or otherwise materially downgrade intelligence support to Ukraine, the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the heads of the elements of the intelligence community, shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees a notification that includes--
(A) a detailed description of the reason for the pause, termination, restriction, or material downgrade of intelligence support;
(B) the expected duration of the pause, termination, restriction, or material downgrade; and
(C) the anticipated impact of such decision on the ability of Ukraine to conduct effective military operations.
(3) Form.--A notification submitted under paragraph (2) shall be in unclassified form, but may include an classified annex.
(d) Requirement Relating to Intelligence Support in the Event of Armistice or Comprehensive Political Settlement.--
(1) In general.--If Ukraine and the Russian Federation voluntarily and freely enter into an armistice or a comprehensive political settlement, the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the heads of the other relevant elements of the intelligence community, shall adjust the intelligence support to Ukraine to support implementation of the armistice or the comprehensive political settlement and, consistent with the national security interests of the United States, support building and sustaining the capacity of Ukraine to detect, deter, and repel any future Russian attack against the territory of Ukraine.
(2) Report on modifications to united states intelligence support.--Not later than 30 days after an armistice or a comprehensive political settlement is entered into force, the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, in coordination with the heads of the other relevant elements of the intelligence community, including the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Director of the National Security Agency, and the Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees a report that includes--
(A) a description of the details of the armistice or the comprehensive political settlement of the conflict in Ukraine, including a description of the role of the intelligence community in monitoring the adherence by the parties to specific elements of the agreement;
(B) an assessment of the vulnerabilities that Ukraine will face under the terms of the agreement and potential measures that the intelligence community or other parties could take to help mitigate such vulnerabilities;
(C) a description of the modifications to ongoing intelligence support the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency has authorized in light of the changed situation on the ground in Ukraine in order to help build and sustain the capacity of Ukraine to detect, deter, and repel any future Russian attack against the territory of Ukraine;
(D) an assessment of the implications of the armistice or comprehensive political settlement for the national security interests of the United States in Europe, including the capacity of the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to deter future aggression by the Russian Federation; and
(E) a description and assessment of any cooperative arrangements that Ukraine has with other countries, including member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, that the intelligence community assesses would contribute to deterring a future attack or act of aggression by the Russian Federation aimed at occupying or seizing the territory of Ukraine.
(3) Form.--The report required by paragraph (2) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(4) Early warning.--The Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the heads of any other relevant elements of the intelligence community, shall provide to Ukraine and member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization intelligence and early warning to allow for an appropriate and timely response with respect to any potential attack or act of aggression against Ukraine by the Russian Federation.
(5) Notification.--
(A) In general.--The Director of National Intelligence shall promptly notify each Member of the congressional intelligence committees not later than 5 days after any intelligence element provides Ukraine any intelligence pursuant to paragraph (4).
(B) Contents.--A notification submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall include--
(i) a description of the specific threatened attack or act of aggression shared with Ukraine;
(ii) the date on which the intelligence was provided to Ukraine;
(iii) details of the channel through which the intelligence was shared, including the names and titles of the relevant intelligence community officers and Ukrainian government officials;
(iv) the response of the Government of Ukraine upon receiving the intelligence;
(v) an assessment produced by the Defense Intelligence Agency, in coordination with other relevant elements of intelligence community, as to what support Ukraine might require in order to deter or repel the threatened attack or act of aggression; and
(vi) a summary of subsequent actions that the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, and other heads of relevant elements of the intelligence community, directed be taken to support Ukraine in defending against or otherwise responding to the threatened attack or act of aggression.
(C) Form.--A notification submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(e) Requirement Relating to Intelligence Support in the Event of an Armed Attack on Ukraine in Violation of an Armistice or Comprehensive Political Settlement.--
(1) In general.--In the event of an armed attack by the Russian Federation on Ukraine that violates an armistice or a comprehensive political settlement, the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the heads of other relevant elements of the intelligence community, shall immediately resume the provision of intelligence support to the Government of Ukraine at a level the Directors deem necessary to support military operations of the Government of
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Ukraine that are intended, or reasonably expected, to help the Armed Forces of Ukraine defend or liberate the territory of Ukraine and prevent such territory of Ukraine from being occupied or attacked by the Russian Federation.
(2) Notification.--
(A) In general.--The Director of National Intelligence shall promptly notify the congressional intelligence committees not later than 5 days after resuming intelligence support pursuant to paragraph (1).
(B) Contents.--A notification submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall include--
(i) a description of the specific attack or act of aggression against Ukraine;
(ii) a description of any intelligence support that Ukraine requested from the United States;
(iii) an assessment of the support that Ukraine might require in order to deter or repel the attack or act of aggression;
(iv) a description of any intelligence support that the Director has authorized to be provided to Ukraine; and
(v) a description of the response of the Government of Ukraine upon receiving the intelligence support.
(C) Form.--A notification submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(3) Sunset.--
(A) In general.--The provision of intelligence support for Ukraine under this subsection shall cease on the date that is 120 days after the date on which the Government of Ukraine and the Government of the Russian Federation agree to reinstate the armistice or comprehensive political settlement that was violated or a new armistice or comprehensive political settlement is entered into force.
(B) Recommencement.--Upon the cessation of the provision of intelligence support under subparagraph (A), the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, in coordination with the heads of any other relevant elements of the intelligence community, shall resume the provision of intelligence support to Ukraine pursuant to subsection (d).
(f) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Armistice; comprehensive political settlement.--The terms "armistice" and "comprehensive political settlement" mean a formal written agreement between the Government of Ukraine and the Government of the Russian Federation that has the effect of permanently ending the armed conflict between both nations.
(2) Intelligence support.--The term "intelligence support" means activities authorized under the provisions of law governing the heads of the elements of the intelligence community, including the collection, analysis, production, and dissemination of information, intelligence, and imagery.
(3) Specific and identifiable national security concern.--The term "specific and identifiable national security concern" includes the following:
(A) Credible intelligence that an element of the Government of Ukraine has been compromised by the Russian Federation or another foreign adversary.
(B) Protection of sources and methods.
(C) A voluntary request from the Government of Ukraine to pause intelligence support.
(D) Credible intelligence that an element of the Government of Ukraine receiving United States intelligence support engaged in a pattern of human rights violations, atrocities, or violations of the law of armed conflict.
(4) Territory of ukraine.--The term "territory of Ukraine" means all territory internationally recognized to be the sovereign territory of Ukraine on February 19, 2014, including Crimea and the territory that the Russian Federation claims to have annexed in Kherson and Zaporizhzia.
SEC. 617. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO INTELLIGENCE SHARING WITH
COUNTRIES AND PARTNERS OF SIGNIFICANT
IMPORTANCE TO THE UNITED STATES.
Section 102A(j) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3024(j)) is amended--
(1) by striking "Under the direction" and inserting the following:
"(1) In general.--Under the direction"; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
"(2) Notification required.--
"(A) In general.--Not later than 48 hours after a decision to pause, terminate, or otherwise restrict or materially downgrade intelligence support or intelligence activities (as defined in section 501(f)), including information, intelligence, and imagery collection authorized under Executive Order 12333 (50 U.S.C. 3001 note; relating to United States intelligence activities), to Israel, Ukraine, Taiwan, or any other country or partner determined by the President to be of significant importance to the United States, the Director of National Intelligence shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees a notification of such decision.
"(B) Elements.--The notification required in subsection (a) shall include--
"(i) a detailed description of the reason for the pause, termination, restriction, or material downgrade of intelligence support;
"(ii) a description of the change in intelligence sharing;
"(iii) the categories of information affected;
"(iv) the expected duration of the pause, termination, restriction, or material downgrade; and
"(v) the anticipated impact of such decision on regional security and the national security objectives of the United States.".
SEC. 618. UNITED STATES-ISRAEL INTELLIGENCE SHARING
ENHANCEMENT.
(a) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States--
(1) to maintain and strengthen the strategic security partnership with Israel as a means of advancing the national defense of the United States, regional stability, and the protection of United States personnel and interests in the Middle East;
(2) to enhance intelligence collaboration through robust intelligence sharing and analytic partnership with Israel to counter terrorism, proliferation networks, cyber threats, state and nonstate aggressors, terror financing, sanctions evasion, and other transnational security challenges that threaten both Israel and the United States;
(3) to deter and counter destabilizing activities by the Government of Iran and Iran-aligned state and nonstate actors that threaten Israel, United States forces, and regional partners;
(4) to ensure that security assistance and defense cooperation are structured to help Israel maintain its qualitative military edge, consistent with United States law and broader regional security considerations;
(5) to encourage and support the expansion of regional security architectures that include Israel and willing regional partners, with a focus on integrated air and missile defense, maritime security, early warning systems, and intelligence-sharing frameworks; and
(6) to leverage security coordination with Israel to enhance force protection, early warning, and crisis response capabilities for United States military and diplomatic personnel in the region.
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) Israel remains a critical United States security partner whose defense and intelligence capabilities provide a strategic advantage that contributes to enhanced operational effectiveness and technological superiority;
(2) timely and actionable intelligence sharing between the United States and Israel has saved United States personnel and property in the region and should remain a central pillar of the bilateral security relationship;
(3) the evolving threat environment in the Middle East--including missile proliferation, unmanned systems, cyber operations, terror financing, and proxy warfare--requires sustained and adaptive cooperation between the United States and Israel;
(4) the United States-Israel security partnership has historically benefitted from bipartisan support, which strengthens the partnership's credibility, durability, and deterrent value; and
(5) expanding normalization and practical security cooperation between Israel and regional states can serve as a force multiplier for collective deterrence and integrated defense.
(c) Requirements Relating to Intelligence Sharing.--
(1) In general.--Title XI of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3231 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 1115. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO INTELLIGENCE SHARING.
"(a) Intelligence Sharing With Israel.--
"(1) In general.--The President, acting through the Director of National Intelligence and, as necessary, the Secretary of Defense, shall, subject to applicable law and the protection of intelligence sources and methods, expand and enhance intelligence sharing with the Government of Israel.
"(2) Scope of intelligence sharing.--Intelligence sharing carried out under this subsection shall include the sharing of information relating to cybersecurity threats, terrorism, sanctions evasion, plans and intentions of state and nonstate actors, adversarial technology proliferation, missile threats, unmanned aerial systems, cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, air and space domain awareness, and other aerial threats relevant to the defense of Israel, United States forces and interests in the region, and regional security partners.
"(3) Limitations on reduction of intelligence sharing.--
"(A) In general.--Intelligence sharing and related security information exchanges with the Government of Israel shall not be suspended, reduced, or otherwise materially limited except on the basis of a specific and identifiable national security concern determined by the President, such as the protection of intelligence sources and methods, counterintelligence risk, or another significant security consideration.
"(B) Documentation requirement.--The President shall document any determination to suspend, reduce, or otherwise materially limit intelligence sharing or related security information exchanges with the Government of Israel, including a description of the national security rationale supporting the change.
"(4) Congressional notification.--
"(A) In general.--Not later than 15 days after the date of any decision to materially increase, suspend, reduce, or otherwise alter intelligence sharing or related security information exchanges with the Government of Israel, the President shall notify the congressional intelligence committees of such decision.
"(B) Elements.--Each notification required by subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
"(i) A description of the change in intelligence sharing or security information exchange.
"(ii) The categories of information affected.
"(iii) The national security objectives served by the change.
"(iv) In the case of a suspension or reduction, the specific national security concern supporting the change.
"(v) An assessment of the anticipated impact on regional security, United States forces, and integrated air and missile defense cooperation.
"(b) Intelligence Sharing and Analytic Cooperation With Abraham Accords Countries.--
"(1) In general.--The President, acting through the Director of National Intelligence and, as necessary, the Secretary of Defense, shall, consistent with applicable
law and security agreements, expand and enhance intelligence sharing and analytic cooperation with countries that have normalized relations with Israel pursuant to the Abraham Accords (as defined in section 64(k) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C.
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2735a(k)) in order to strengthen regional security integration.
"(2) Priority areas.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the President shall prioritize the sharing of appropriate intelligence and information relating to--
"(A) counterterrorism threats and networks, including state and nonstate aggressors, and terror financing;
"(B) cybersecurity threats, vulnerabilities, and defensive best practices;
"(C) air and missile defense early warning and threat tracking;
"(D) geospatial, overhead, and other imaging intelligence relevant to shared security concerns; and
"(E) maritime security threats, including threats to freedom of navigation, commercial shipping, sanctions evasion, and regional maritime stability.
"(3) Safeguards.--
"(A) Adoption of guidelines.--The Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall adopt guidelines for intelligence sharing and analytic cooperation carried out under this subsection that ensure appropriate safeguards--
"(i) to protect intelligence sources and methods; and
"(ii) to ensure that recipients maintain adequate security protections consistent with United States requirements.
"(B) Restrictions on access.--If the Director of National Intelligence determines that a recipient of intelligence sharing or analytic cooperation carried out under this subsection has any intelligence, defense, or technological information sharing relationship with an adversarial nation, the Director shall restrict all access of such recipient to such intelligence sharing and analytic cooperation.
"(c) Report Required.--
"(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the status of United States intelligence sharing with the Government Israel and, as appropriate, regional partners.
"(2) Matters to be included.--Each report required by paragraph (1) shall include, to the extent consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods, the following:
"(A) A description of the categories of intelligence and security information shared by the United States Government with the Government of Israel.
"(B) An assessment of progress toward seamlessly integrating Israel into regional air and missile defense and early warning architectures with partner countries, including those that have normalized relations with Israel pursuant to the Abraham Accords.
"(C) A description of how such intelligence sharing has contributed, if at all, to--
"(i) improved detection, tracking, warning, interception, or deterrence of aerial threats, including missiles and unmanned systems, for Israel, United States forces, or regional partners; and
"(ii) the overall stability and coordination of security in the region.
"(D) An assessment of progress in improving interoperability among technology networks of the United States, Israel, and partner countries.
"(E) A description of efforts to secure technology networks and data from cyber threats and unauthorized access.
"(F) An identification of any legal, policy, technical, counterintelligence, or security barriers limiting deeper intelligence integration, including risks to intelligence sources and methods.
"(G) A summary of any significant increases or reductions in intelligence sharing during the reporting period and the national security rationale for such changes.
"(3) Form.--Each report required by paragraph (1) report shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
"(4) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this subsection, the term `appropriate congressional committees' means--
"(A) the congressional intelligence committees; and
"(B) to the extent Department of Defense information is implicated, the congressional defense committees (as defined in section 101(a) of title 10, United States Code).".
(2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents for such Act is amended by adding at the end the following:
"Sec. 1115. Requirements relating to intelligence sharing.".
TITLE VII--ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MATTERS RELATING TO THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
SEC. 701. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE EXPLOITATION GUARD AND
INTELLIGENCE SHARING.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Artificial intelligence model.--The term "artificial intelligence model" means a capability or series of capabilities combined that can, for a given set of objectives, generate outputs such as predictions, recommendations, or decisions without human intervention or input.
(2) Center.--The term "Center" means the Artificial Intelligence Security Center of the National Security Agency.
(3) Classified information.--The term "classified information" has the meaning given such term in section 805 of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3164).
(4) Cleared industry personnel.--The term "cleared industry personnel" means employees or representatives of a covered person who hold an appropriate security clearance and have a demonstrated need to know.
(5) Congressional intelligence committees.--The term "congressional intelligence committees" has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3003).
(6) Covered person.--The term "covered person" means a non-Federal person who--
(A) is a United States citizen;
(B) develops, deploys, or operates artificial intelligence models or critical enabling infrastructure; and
(C) provides the services described in subparagraph (B) to an element of the intelligence community or Department of Defense.
(7) Director.--The term "Director" means the Director of the National Security Agency.
(8) Intelligence.--The term "intelligence" has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3003).
(9) Intelligence community.--The term "intelligence community" has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3003).
(10) Security clearance.--The term "security clearance" means an authorization to access classified information.
(11) Threat information.--The term "threat information" means information on--
(A) efforts by foreign adversary countries to use products or research of covered persons or other entities or individuals to generate synthetic media for foreign-directed influence campaigns, develop and manage computer network exploitation campaigns, design or develop weapons systems, or enhance surveillance capabilities in ways that undermine the privacy or threaten the security of citizens of the United States;
(B) threats posed by foreign adversary countries, including indications of compromise to networks associated with covered persons and other entities and individuals, or other technical indicators, indicating a compromise to the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an artificial intelligence system, or to the supply chain of an artificial intelligence system, including training or test data, frameworks or software libraries, training or inference computing environments, or other components necessary for the training, management, or maintenance of an artificial intelligence system;
(C) activity of foreign entities of concern to clandestinely, fraudulently, or otherwise maliciously access the systems of covered persons for purposes of illicit technology transfer or otherwise gaining unfair economic advantage, including through techniques to extract a model's technical capabilities to replicate, develop, or improve a foreign artificial intelligence model without authorization by the covered person;
(D) activity of foreign entities of concern to sabotage or otherwise clandestinely degrade artificial intelligence systems or the supply chain of an artificial intelligence system, including training or test data, frameworks or software libraries, training or inference computing environments, or other components necessary for the training, management, or maintenance of an artificial intelligence system; and
(E) observations, emerging concerns, or other inputs from vendors or researchers regarding relevant malicious or clandestine activity of foreign entities of concern toward an artificial intelligence system, its supply chain, or other necessary components.
(12) United states person.--The term "United States person" has the meaning given that term in section 105A(c) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3039(c)).
(b) Establishment of Pilot Program on Sharing of Intelligence and Threat Information With Covered Persons.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall, acting through the Center, establish a pilot program to assess the feasibility and advisability of facilitating the secure sharing with covered persons of intelligence and threat information germane to the exploitation of access to United States artificial intelligence systems and enabling infrastructure to engage in intelligence collection, intellectual property theft, and other malicious activities.
(2) Participation.--The Director may not select covered persons to participate in the pilot in a manner that provides a competitive advantage or procurement preference to any covered person, to the detriment of another covered person.
(3) Duration.--The Director shall carry out the pilot program established pursuant to paragraph (1) during the 3-year period beginning on the date of the establishment of the pilot program.
(c) Participation Requirements.--
(1) Criteria.--The Director shall establish criteria governing engagement with covered persons under the pilot program required by subsection (b), which may include criteria relating to the following:
(A) Relevance to national security.
(B) The ability to protect classified or sensitive intelligence information.
(C) Cybersecurity and information security maturity.
(D) Agreement to comply with intelligence handling, use, and nondisclosure requirements.
(E) The availability of cleared personnel of covered persons or willingness of covered persons to increase the number of cleared personnel.
(2) Nature of participation.--Participation in the pilot program shall not be construed as a certification, endorsement, or regulatory approval by the United States Government of any artificial intelligence system or commercial activity and the Director may not exclude a covered person from participating on the basis of political or ideological viewpoints of the covered person or its employees.
(3) Process for requesting participation.--The Director shall, acting through the Center, establish and make available to covered persons a process by which such covered person may request access to participate in the pilot program required by subsection (b).
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Such process shall include --
(A) submission by a covered person of a formal request to participate in the pilot program;
(B) evaluation of each such request against, at minimum, the criteria established under paragraph (1); and
(C) timely notification to the covered person who requested access of the status of their request and, in the case of denial, an explanation of the reason for denial.
(d) Intelligence Sharing Structure.--
(1) Authorized modes.--Under the pilot program required by subsection (b), the Director may, acting through the Center, authorize the sharing of intelligence and threat information as described in paragraph (1) of such subsection through--
(A) bilateral exchanges between elements of the intelligence community and a covered person;
(B) multilateral exchanges among covered persons, as determined appropriate by the Director; or
(C) another designated intelligence-sharing mechanism operated or overseen by the Director.
(2) Limitation.--Any mechanism established under this section shall be limited to the dissemination of intelligence and threat information and shall not establish standards, requirements, or best practices governing artificial intelligence development or deployment.
(e) Tailoring, Handling, and Protection of Intelligence.--
(1) Procedures required.--The Director shall, acting through the Center, codify procedures to tailor, sanitize, or downgrade the classification level of intelligence shared under the pilot program required by subsection (b) to ensure usability while protecting intelligence sources and methods.
(2) Examples of procedures.--The procedures developed under paragraph (1) may include the following:
(A) The use of tear lines and segregable summaries.
(B) The preparation of classified annexes where necessary.
(C) Criteria governing the classification level of shared intelligence.
(D) The appropriate use of cleared industry personnel.
(3) Handling requirements.--The Director shall, acting through the Center, codify policies governing the handling, storage, and dissemination of intelligence shared under the pilot program required by subsection (b), including audit and compliance mechanisms.
(f) Permissible Use and Nondisclosure.--
(1) Permissible use.--Intelligence shared under the pilot program required by subsection (b) may be used solely for detecting, preventing, or mitigating malicious foreign activity exploiting access to United States artificial intelligence systems and enabling infrastructure to engage in intelligence collection, intellectual property theft, and other malicious activities.
(2) Nondisclosure.--A covered person may not disclose to any person who is not a covered person or an element of the intelligence community any intelligence shared with the covered person under the pilot program required by subsection (b), except as expressly authorized by the Director acting through the Center.
(g) Privacy and Civil Liberties.--In planning and coordinating the pilot program required by subsection (b), the Director shall, acting through the Center, coordinate with the Civil Liberties Protection Officer of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence to produce guidance relating to privacy and civil liberties which shall govern the receipt, retention, use, and dissemination of threat information containing personal information of United States persons.
(h) Evaluation and Reporting.--
(1) Evaluation.--The Director shall, acting through the Center, continuously evaluate the effectiveness and risks of the pilot program established under subsection (b).
(2) Report.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 90 days before the date on which the pilot program required by paragraph (1) of subsection (b) terminates pursuant to paragraph (2) of such subsection, the Director shall, acting through the Center, submit to the congressional intelligence committees a report covering--
(i) the effectiveness of intelligence sharing under the pilot program;
(ii) the adequacy of safeguards for sources, methods, privacy, and civil liberties and any recommendations to mitigate harms;
(iii) the scope of participation;
(iv) a list of covered persons granted access to the pilot program;
(v) a list of each covered person that requested access and was denied, including a justification for each such denial; and
(vi) whether the pilot program should be modified, extended, or terminated.
(B) Form.--The report submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(i) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed--
(1) to authorize the collection of intelligence on United States persons not authorized by another provision of law;
(2) to authorize the sharing of personally identifiable information about an individual in a manner that violates another provision of law;
(3) to require the disclosure of classified information to unauthorized persons;
(4) to establish commercial, competition, or technology policy outside the purview of the intelligence community;
(5) to require a non-Federal entity to provide information to a Federal entity or another non-Federal entity;
(6) to condition the sharing of threat information with a non-Federal entity on such entity's provision of threat information to another entity; or
(7) to condition the award of any Federal grant, contract, or purchase on the provision of threat information to a Federal or non-Federal entity.
(j) Exemption From Disclosure; Protection.--Any information shared by a covered person or other entity or individual with the United States Government pursuant to this section--
(1) shall be exempt from disclosure and withheld, without discretion, from the public, pursuant to section 552(b)(3)(B) of title 5, United States Code, and any other provision of United States law or law of any State, political subdivision or agency thereof, or Tribe requiring disclosure of information or records; and
(2) shall not be deemed a waiver of any applicable privilege or protection, including trade secret protection.
SEC. 702. DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE REVIEW OF
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY USE OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE TO SUPPORT TARGETING.
(a) Definitions.--In this subsection:
(1) Director.--The term "Director" means the Director of National Intelligence.
(2) Intelligence.--The term "Intelligence" has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003).
(b) Reviews Related to Intelligence Community Use of Artificial Intelligence to Support Targeting.--
(1) Policy and procedure reviews.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall review and assess the policies and procedures that govern the use by the intelligence community of artificial intelligence technologies in the production, or review, of intelligence used by the United States to inform targeting decisions with lethal effects.
(B) Elements.--In carrying out the review and assessment required by subparagraph (A), the Director shall--
(i) assess whether policies and procedures of the intelligence community that were in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act adequately address risks posed by the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the targeting analysis and development and civilian harm mitigation processes; and
(ii) ensure the review covers all policies of the intelligence community that regard the production or review of intelligence, regardless of which element first produced the intelligence.
(2) Workflow reviews.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall review and assess all workflows of the intelligence community that incorporate artificial intelligence used by the United States to inform targeting decisions with lethal effects.
(c) Artificial Intelligence Errors Exploratory Analysis.--In carrying out the reviews required by subsection (b), the Director shall direct the National Intelligence Council to conduct a structured, exploratory analysis that--
(1) assess ways in which frontier artificial intelligence models could exhibit bias or cause errors that undermine intelligence or other information provided by the intelligence community that informs targeting accuracy;
(2) identify the specific point and cause of error; and
(3) provide proposed process mitigations to catch and correct such mistakes.
(d) Consultation.--In carrying out the review and assessments required by subsection (b), the Director shall consult with the heads of the elements of the intelligence community whose intelligence is commonly consulted to inform targeting decisions with lethal effects, such as the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, and the Central Intelligence Agency, to
solicit input on potential negative consequences resulting from artificial intelligence supported analysis, and possible ways to mitigate such consequences.
(e) Policies and Directives.--The Director shall issue or adjust such policies and directives to the intelligence community as the Director considers appropriate to improve risk mitigation in light of the review carried out under subsection (b).
(f) Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees a report on the reviews and assessments carried out under subsection (b) as well as a summary of any new policies and directives issued pursuant to subsection (e).
(2) Contents.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A) A description of contributions of the intelligence community to targeting workflows, such as identification of points of interest, pattern of life analysis, review of proposed targets, target selection, and civilian impact reviews, as well as the understanding of the intelligence community of the delineation of roles and responsibilities with the Armed Forces where applicable.
(B) Identification of any artificial intelligence tools utilized and for what tasks or purposes they are used.
(C) The level of autonomy afforded to the tools, and whether human review of artificial intelligence system outputs is required to be conducted prior to dissemination of materials.
(D) The scope of individuals expected to have access to the materials described in subparagraph (C).
(E) An explanation of whether and how the capability limitations of artificial intelligence tools available to personnel of the intelligence community are communicated to users, including the cutoff date for the tool's training data, databases to which it does or does not have access rights, and the tasks the model has been trained for or approved for use.
(3) Form.--The report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 703. IMPROVEMENTS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE POLICIES,
STANDARDS, AND GUIDANCE FOR INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY.
(a) In General.--Section 6702 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (50 U.S.C.
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3334m) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
"(3) Study for tracking data generated or modified by an artificial intelligence system.--The Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the Intelligence Community, in coordination with the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of each element of the intelligence community, shall examine whether the intelligence community should identify intelligence information generated or materially modified by an artificial intelligence system, including determining what methods are necessary to preserve such information throughout the intelligence lifecycle.";
(2) in subsection (d), by adding at the end the following:
"(3) Process for review of artificial intelligence testing methodologies and benchmarks.--Consistent with applicable classification and access policies, the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the Intelligence Community, in coordination with the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of each element of the intelligence community, shall--
"(A) establish a process to review artificial intelligence testing methodologies and benchmarks employed within each element; and
"(B) ensure such methodologies and benchmarks remain commensurate with the capabilities and impacts of systems being evaluated."; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
"(f) Process to Systematically Track and Evaluate Incidents.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the Intelligence Community, in coordination with the National Manager for National Security Systems, shall establish a process to systematically track and evaluate incidents associated with compromises to the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of artificial intelligence systems within each element of the intelligence community.
"(g) Policies for Agentic Artificial Intelligence Systems and Processes.--
"(1) Definition of agentic artificial intelligence system or process.--In this subsection, the term `agentic artificial intelligence system or process'--
"(A) means an artificial intelligence system or process that, given an objective or instruction--
"(i) determines the action or sequence of actions to be taken to accomplish that objective; and
"(ii) is capable of executing such actions directly on information systems, data, or external services; and
"(B) does not include a system or process that solely generates informational or advisory output for a human operator to act upon.
"(2) Review of the adequacy of existing identity, credential, and access management systems for information within the intelligence community.--
"(A) In general.--Consistent with authority under section 102A(g) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3024(g)), the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the National Manager for National Security Systems, shall--
"(i) not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, complete a review of the adequacy of existing identity, credential, and access management systems for information within the intelligence community used by agentic artificial intelligence systems and processes; and
"(ii) not permit access to any information within the intelligence community by an external department or agency for use in an agentic artificial intelligence system or process until the review required by clause (i) is completed.
"(B) Evaluation of effectiveness of mechanisms for agentic artificial intelligence systems and processes to authenticate as non-human actors.--The review required by subparagraph (A)(i) shall include an evaluation of the effectiveness of mechanisms for agentic artificial intelligence systems and processes to authenticate as non-human actors, including the appropriate delegation of clearance entitlements and the traceability of any action taken by an agentic artificial intelligence system or process to a cleared individual on whose behalf the agentic artificial intelligence system or process is acting.
"(3) Policy guidance.--Upon completion of the review required by paragraph (2), the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Director of the National Security Agency, the Director of the National Reconnaissance Office, and the Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, shall issue appropriate policy guidance on--
"(A) the use of agentic artificial intelligence systems and processes within the intelligence community; and
"(B) the access of agentic artificial intelligence systems and processes to information within the intelligence community.
"(4) Specific issues relating to agentic artificial intelligence systems and processes.--In carrying out paragraph (3), the Director of National Intelligence, at a minimum and to the extent such requirements are not already replicated in existing processes or policies, consider--
"(A) establishing a taxonomy of autonomy and security risks associated with agentic artificial intelligence systems and processes that operate on, or have the possibility of accessing, information within the intelligence community; and
"(B) establishing technical controls, processes, and other mitigation measures to address the risks identified under subparagraph (A), including, at a minimum--
"(i) requirements that any element of the intelligence community or external department or agency incorporating information from an intelligence community element as part of an agentic artificial intelligence system or process provide the relevant element of the intelligence community controlling such information with documentation of--
"(I) the properties of the agentic artificial intelligence system or process, including the range of additional systems or data sources it may access (whether as a system or process input or as an agent action), the permissions and classification entitlements associated with such access, as well as any relevant model or system documentation, such as model and system cards;
"(II) anticipated mission use cases for any access to information within the intelligence community in the context of an agentic artificial intelligence system or process, including whether any use case constitutes a high-impact artificial intelligence use as those terms are defined under existing Federal policies;
"(III) procedures to notify relevant intelligence community elements controlling such information of any changes to the properties of the agentic artificial intelligence system or process, to permissions and classification entitlements, or to anticipated use cases of such system or process, that might significantly limit the utility, confidentiality, integrity, or availability of such information; and
"(IV) procedures for intelligence community elements to promptly notify external intelligence community elements or departments or agencies of any material changes to upstream classified data or systems that might significantly limit or impair the utility, confidentiality, integrity, or availability of any downstream agentic artificial intelligence system or process maintained by that external intelligence community element or department or agency;
"(ii) policies and procedures to log any actions, as well as associated inputs, taken by an agentic artificial intelligence system or process to information within the intelligence community, including mechanisms to reverse or negate unauthorized actions or actions that pose a risk to the user intent or confidentiality, integrity, or availability of such information;
"(iii) policies and procedures for safeguards, continuous monitoring, and the detection of security incidents or other unexpected behavior of an agentic artificial intelligence system or process, or failures of associated safeguards, that may pose a threat to the confidentiality, availability, or integrity of information within the intelligence community;
"(iv) policies and procedures for system-level controls of agentic artificial intelligence systems and processes, tailored to address each system or process component; and
"(v) criteria for the selection of interoperability standards for agentic artificial intelligence systems and processes, with preference, to the extent practicable, for standards that are openly specified, governed in a vendor-neutral manner, supported by multiple model providers, extensible to future requirements, and subject to ongoing independent security review.".
SEC. 704. ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS AND REQUIREMENTS OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE SECURITY CENTER.
Section 6504 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (division F of Public Law 118-159) is amended--
(1) in subsection (c)--
(A) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new paragraph (3):
"(3) Making available a research test-bed to private sector and academic researchers, on a subsidized basis, to engage in artificial intelligence security research, including through the secure provision of access in a secure environment for pre-deployment testing of to proprietary third-party models with the consent of the vendors of the models.";
(2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (f); and
(3) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
"(d) Test-bed Requirements.--
"(1) Access and terms of usage.--
"(A) Researcher access.--
"(i) In general.--The Director shall establish terms of usage governing researcher access to the test-bed made available under subsection (c)(3), with limitations on researcher publication only to the extent necessary to protect classified information or proprietary information concerning third-party models provided through the consent of model vendors.
"(ii) Equitable access.--In establishing terms of usage under clause (i), the Director shall ensure that access to the test-bed is made available to academic and private sector researchers in an equitable, impartial, and nondiscriminatory way.
"(iii) Ideological and political viewpoints.--Terms and conditions under clause (i) may not deny or condition access on the basis of the ideological or political viewpoints of the given researcher or the institution with which a given researcher is affiliated.
"(iv) Preservation of authority.--Nothing in this subparagraph shall be construed as limiting the authority of the Director to condition participation on a researcher's ability to protect classified or sensitive intelligence information, a researcher's agreement to comply with intelligence handling, use, and nondisclosure requirements, or other valid counter-intelligence concerns.
"(B) Availability to federal agencies.--The Director shall ensure that the test-bed made available under subsection (c)(3) is also made available to other Federal agencies on a cost-recovery basis.
"(2) Use of certain infrastructure and other resources.--In carrying out subsection (c)(3), the Director shall leverage, to the greatest extent practicable, infrastructure and other resources provided under section 5.2 of Executive Order 14110 (88 Fed. Reg.
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75191; relating to safe, secure, and trustworthy development and use of artificial intelligence).
"(3) Voluntary security guidance.--In order to incentivize participation by vendors of leading commercial models and to promote the national security of the United States, the Director shall share relevant guidance, informed by pre-deployment testing in the secure test-bed environment identified in subsection (c), to inform voluntary vendor actions to mitigate against potential security threats to such models, or the ability of foreign actors to utilize such models for computer network exploitation campaigns, the design or development of weapons systems, or to further foreign surveillance capabilities.
"(e) Reports on Test-bed Access.--Not less than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027 and annually thereafter, the Director shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees a report on the test-bed established under subsection (c)(3) that includes --
"(1) a list of persons that requested access to the test-bed during the period covered by the report;
"(2) a list of the persons that were granted access to the test-bed during such period;
"(3) a list of the persons that were denied access to the test-bed during such period, and a justification for each such denial; and
"(4) a full copy of the terms of usage established under subsection (d)(1).".
SEC. 705. REPORTS ON NOVEL USES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
TECHNOLOGY.
(a) Definition.--In this section, the term "novel use of artificial intelligence technology" means--
(1) an artificial intelligence capability or series of capabilities combined that has not previously been included in an intelligence community element's inventory of artificial intelligence use cases consistent with guidance issued pursuant to section 6702(b) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (50 U.S.C. 3334m(b));
(2) a use of an artificial intelligence capability that contravenes a restriction on the use of artificial intelligence contained in such an inventory; or
(3) a use of an artificial intelligence capability that constitutes a high-impact artificial intelligence use as that term is defined under policies of the executive branch.
(b) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the heads of the other elements of the intelligence community, shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees a consolidated report detailing any novel use of artificial intelligence technology that any element of the intelligence community is considering employing within the one-year period following submission of such report.
(c) Contents.--Each report submitted pursuant to subsection (b) shall describe the proposed novel use of artificial intelligence technology, including--
(1) hardware and software requirements;
(2) the proposed application of the technology;
(3) the risks and advantages assessed with respect to the proposed novel use;
(4) any specific risk mitigation measures contemplated, including measures specific to the proposed novel use;
(5) any test and evaluation activities conducted in conjunction with the proposed novel use;
(6) any additional test and evaluation activity that is still needed, and whether the intelligence community has resources to conduct and fund such activity; and
(7) any estimated cost increases anticipated in connection with the proposed novel use.
(d) Form.--Each report submitted pursuant to subsection (b) shall be submitted in classified form.
(e) Sunset.--This section shall expire on October 1, 2032.
SEC. 706. CLEAR LABELING OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OUTPUTS
FOR TARGETING WORKFLOWS.
(a) Labeling Policy.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence shall, in coordination with the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers of the elements of the intelligence community, establish a policy that applies to elements of the intelligence community, which generate intelligence that could reasonably be judged useful to develop or inform targeting with lethal effects, and that requires--
(1) labeling of outputs from any artificial intelligence system used in the development of such intelligence are clearly marked to indicate--
(A) that artificial intelligence was used;
(B) the artificial intelligence system or model used;
(C) the manner in which, or task for which, the artificial intelligence was used; and
(D) a point of contact such as the relevant Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer, who can address questions about data inputs, system access, or artificial intelligence system performance; and
(2) the label or indicator that is used pursuant to paragraph (1) is attached to the resulting data or work product in a manner that remains prominent and visible to any person who subsequently interacts with that data on a system of the intelligence community, regardless of organizational affiliation of the person or the role of the person in developing the data.
(b) Reports on Risk Mitigation Measures.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the head of each element of the intelligence community to which the policy described in subsection (a) applies shall submit a report to the congressional intelligence committees describing risk mitigation measures undertaken by the given element regarding artificial intelligence systems that generate intelligence that could reasonably be judged useful to develop or inform targeting with lethal effects.
SEC. 707. RESEARCH ON USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RELATING
TO INADVERTENT ESCALATION.
(a) Requirement.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and subject to the availability of appropriations, the Director of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, in coordination with the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the Intelligence Community, shall commence a research campaign to deepen the understanding of the intelligence community with respect to specific ways in which the use of artificial intelligence systems by the intelligence community could contribute to inadvertent escalation with foreign nations or actors.
(b) Elements.--The research campaign required by subsection (a) shall include--
(1) the identification of scenarios in which artificial intelligence capabilities could contribute to inadvertent escalation with foreign nations or actors, including--
(A) analytic judgments that fail to properly consider or weigh alternative explanations;
(B) automation of imagery classification or signals intelligence;
(C) distinguishing between civilians and authorized targets;
(D) operational uses of artificial intelligence, such as time-constrained uses that do not allow for independent verification; and
(E) such other scenarios as identified by the Director or participating subject matter experts;
(2) a simulation of select scenarios to discern where miscommunication or miscalculations have a higher likelihood of occurrence; and
(3)(A) an identification of potential mitigations for vulnerabilities discovered; or
(B) if no mitigation could be identified, an identification of vulnerabilities that require follow-up action by the intelligence community.
(c) Briefings.--
(1) Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, or 30 days after the date of completion of the research campaign required by subsection (a), whichever occurs first, the Director of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, in coordination with the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the Intelligence Community, shall brief the congressional intelligence committees on the findings and recommendations of the research campaign.
(2) Intelligence community.--The Director of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, in coordination with the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the Intelligence Community, shall brief the heads and Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers of the elements of the intelligence community on the findings and recommendations of the research campaign required by subsection (a), as appropriate.
SEC. 708. RESEARCH ON INTERACTION OF ADVERSARIAL ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS WITH INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY SYSTEMS.
(a) Requirement.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and subject to the availability of appropriations, the Director of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, in coordination with the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the Intelligence Community, shall commence a research campaign to deepen the understanding of the intelligence community with respect to novel dynamics and vulnerabilities that may arise when an adversarial artificial intelligence system interacts directly with systems of, or contracted by, the intelligence community that include artificial intelligence components.
(b) Elements.--The research campaign required by subsection (a) shall--
(1) pursue sandbox demonstrations with frontier artificial intelligence models or leverage other tactics necessary to uncover vulnerabilities to intelligence community systems, infrastructure, or personnel that may result from--
(A) the accelerated development of artificial intelligence capabilities by foreign nations;
(B) the increasing access that non-state and criminal actors have to commercial artificial intelligence tools that can identify vulnerabilities and propose or orchestrate attacks; and
(C) the potential for artificial intelligence systems to interact directly with each other during an attack; and
(2) pursue findings, including--
(A) an identification of potential mitigations for unique vulnerabilities discovered; or
(B) if no mitigation could be identified, an identification of vulnerabilities that require follow-up action by the intelligence community.
(c) Briefings.--
(1) Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, or 30 days after the date of completion of the research campaign required by subsection (a), whichever occurs first, the Director of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, in coordination with the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the Intelligence Community, shall brief the congressional intelligence committees on the findings and recommendations of the research campaign.
(2) Intelligence community.--The Director of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, in coordination with the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the Intelligence Community, shall brief the heads and Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers of the elements of the intelligence community on the findings and recommendations of the research campaign required by subsection (a), as appropriate.
SEC. 709.
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REVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SECURITY
VULNERABILITIES UNDER VULNERABILITIES EQUITIES
PROCESS.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Artificial intelligence security vulnerability.--The term "artificial intelligence security vulnerability" means a weakness in an artificial intelligence system that could be exploited by a third party to subvert, without authorization, the privacy, integrity, or availability of an artificial intelligence system, including through techniques such as--
(A) evasion attacks;
(B) poisoning attacks;
(C) privacy-based attacks;
(D) model theft or extraction attacks; and
(E) attacks designed to circumvent or degrade the safety, alignment, or access control mechanisms of an artificial intelligence system.
(2) Artificial intelligence system.--The term "artificial intelligence system" means a capability or series of capabilities combined that can, for a given set of objectives, generate outputs such as predictions, recommendations, or decisions without human intervention or input.
(3) Vulnerabilities equities policy and process document.--The term "Vulnerabilities Equities Policy and Process document" means the executive branch document entitled "Vulnerabilities Equities Policy and Process for the United States Government" dated November 15, 2017.
(4) Vulnerabilities equities process.--The term "Vulnerabilities Equities Process" means the interagency review of vulnerabilities carried out pursuant to the Vulnerabilities Equities Policy and Process document or any successor document.
(b) Evaluation; Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Security Agency shall--
(1) evaluate whether the existing Vulnerabilities Equities Process sufficiently accommodates the submission and review of artificial intelligence security vulnerabilities; and
(2) submit to the congressional intelligence committees a report describing the applicability of the Vulnerabilities Equities Process to such vulnerabilities, including whether the submission and review of such vulnerabilities under the Vulnerabilities Equities Process would result in an unduly large volume of notifications to affected vendors and, if so, an assessment of mechanisms to manage the volume of such notifications.
(c) Process.--In carrying out subsection (b), if the Director of the National Security Agency determines that the existing Vulnerabilities Equities Process does not sufficiently accommodate the submission and review of artificial intelligence security vulnerabilities identified by elements of the intelligence community, and that such vulnerabilities present public interest considerations meriting review under the Vulnerabilities Equities Process, the Director shall establish a process for the submission and review of such vulnerabilities under the Vulnerabilities Equities Process not later than 30 days after the date of such determination.
(d) Briefing on Vulnerabilities Identified by Artificial Intelligence Systems.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Security Agency shall provide the congressional intelligence committees with a briefing on--
(1) the volume of vulnerabilities of information systems identified by artificial intelligence systems;
(2) the impact of any change in such volume on the functioning of the Vulnerabilities Equities Process; and
(3) whether the increasingly rapid discovery and exploitation of such vulnerabilities by external cyber actors using artificial intelligence systems materially alters the equity of disclosure.
(e) Consultation Required.--The Director of the National Security Agency shall carry out subsections (b), (c), and (d) in consultation with--
(1) the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency;
(2) the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and
(3) other entities as the Director of the National Security Agency considers appropriate.
SEC. 710. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
MODELS ON INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY SYSTEMS.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term "appropriate committees of Congress" means the following:
(A) The congressional intelligence committees.
(B) The Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
(C) The Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) Artificial intelligence model.--The term "artificial intelligence model" means a capability or series of capabilities combined that can, for a given set of objectives, generate outputs such as predictions, recommendations, or decisions without human intervention or input.
(3) Child pornography.--The term "child pornography" has the meaning given that term in section 2256 of title 18, United States Code.
(4) Covered application.--The term "covered application" means any specific artificial intelligence model that has been confirmed by a head of an element of the intelligence community, or their designee, as--
(A) failing to adhere to the National Institute of Standard and Technology Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile with respect to "obscene, degrading, and/or abusive content", or a successor standard or framework, to the extent the framework applies to synthetic child sexual abuse material or non-consensual intimate images of adults;
(B) subject to a Federal court determination that such artificial intelligence model has generated content depicting child pornography; or
(C) subject to a Federal court determination that such artificial intelligence model has generated non-consensual intimate visual depictions of an identifiable adult or a minor.
(5) Intimate visual depiction.--The term "intimate visual depiction" has the meaning given that term in section 1309 of the Violence Against Women Act Reauthorization Act of 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851).
(b) Prohibition.--
(1) In general.--The acquisition or use of any covered application on national security
systems operated by an element of the intelligence community or by a contractor of such element is prohibited unless the appropriate safeguards described in subsection (c) can be implemented.
(2) Implementation.--
(A) Initial removal.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, any covered application shall be required to be removed from national security systems operated by an element of the intelligence community or a contractor of such element.
(B) Subsequent removals.--Beginning after the 180-day period described in subparagraph (A), any artificial intelligence model that becomes a covered application shall be required to be removed from national security systems operated by an element of the intelligence community or a contractor of such element not later than 180 days after the date that the model is confirmed by the head of an element of the intelligence community, or their designee, to be a covered application.
(c) Safeguards.--
(1) In general.--The head of an element of the intelligence community may implement additional safeguards that prohibit the generation of child pornography or non-consensual intimate visual depictions of an identifiable adult or a minor.
(2) Certification required.--The head of an element of the intelligence community shall certify to the Director of National Intelligence that safeguards implemented under paragraph (1) are sufficient to prevent misuse of covered applications to generate child pornography or intimate visual depictions of a minor.
(3) Congressional notification.--The head of an element of the intelligence community that issues a certification pursuant to paragraph (2) shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress of such certification not later than 7 days after issuing such certification. Such a notification shall identify the safeguards implemented pursuant to paragraph (1).
(d) National Security and Research Waiver.--
(1) In general.--The head of an element of the intelligence community may issue a waiver for any artificial intelligence model that would otherwise be subject to the prohibition under subsection (b) if the head identifies a national security or research justification for such artificial intelligence model that benefits the intelligence community.
(2) Congressional notification.--Not later than 7 days after issuing a waiver pursuant to paragraph (1), the head of the element of the intelligence community that issues such waiver shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a notification that includes--
(A) an identification of the national security or research justification for such usage;
(B) an estimate of the approximate cost of such usage; and
(C) a plan to implement a safeguard in such a way as to allow for continued usage consistent with the general prohibition described in subsections (b)(1) and (c)(1).
(e) Cure.--If a covered application is identified for removal or is disqualified from use or acquisition pursuant to this section, the head of an element of the intelligence community may offer the provider of the covered application an opportunity to cure performance to avoid removal pursuant to subsection (b)(2).
SEC. 801. MODIFICATION TO NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR
AUTHORIZED AND ORDERED DEPARTURES.
Section 5173(e) of the Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (22 U.S.C. 4865 note; division E of Public Law 119-60) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ", the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Armed Services," after "Foreign Affairs"; and
(2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ", the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Armed Services," after "Foreign Relations".
SEC. 802. INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT TO THE U.S. INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION.
The Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the heads of the other elements of the intelligence community, may provide intelligence and analytic support to the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation to help ensure all projects of the Corporation are appropriately informed and strategically executed in accordance with the purpose of the Corporation as described in section 1412(b) of the BUILD Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9612(b)).
SEC. 803. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.
(a) Definition of Armed Forces in National Security Act of 1947.--Section 605(8) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3126(8)) is amended by inserting "Space Force," after "Marine Corps,".
(b) National Intelligence University.--Section 6801(a)(4) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (Public Law 119-60) is amended in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking "3327" and inserting "3227".
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SA 6578. Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Mrs. Shaheen) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of title XII, add the following:
Subtitle F--Scam Compound Accountability and Mobilization
SEC. 1271. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Scam Compound Accountability and Mobilization Act".
SEC. 1272. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Transnational cyber-enabled fraud, particularly such fraud that is perpetrated from scam compounds in Southeast Asia, is a growing threat to citizens of the United States, national security, and global economic interests.
(2) The Federal Bureau of Investigation reported $17,697,074,980 in losses in the United States due to cyber-enabled fraud during 2025, including schemes commonly perpetrated by transnational criminal organizations that are operating scam compounds.
(3) Annual global losses due to cyber-enabled fraud are estimated at between $40,000,000,000 and $65,000,000,000, but the actual amount is likely higher since many instances are not reported.
(4) Transnational criminal organizations responsible for a large proportion of these scam compounds--
(A) are affiliated with the People's Republic of China;
(B) are actively spreading propaganda on behalf of the People's Republic of China;
(C) are promoting unification with Taiwan; and
(D) have brokered projects for the Belt and Road Initiative.
(5) Transnational criminal organizations have lured hundreds of thousands of human trafficking victims from an estimated 80 countries to scam compounds, which are located primarily in Burma, Cambodia, and Laos, for purposes of forced criminality.
(6) Transnational criminal organizations are expanding scam compounds internationally, including in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and the Pacific Islands.
(7) Money laundering, human trafficking, and fraudulent recruitment related to such scam compounds have occurred in Southeast Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.
SEC. 1273. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the United States should redouble efforts to hold the perpetrators and enablers of scam compound operations accountable, including those involved in related money laundering, human trafficking, and fraudulent recruitment, by employing effective tools, such as targeted financial sanctions, visa restrictions, asset seizures, prosecutions, and forfeiture;
(2) to enhance effective international cooperation and responses against cyber-enabled fraud originating from scam compounds internationally, the United States Government should work with partner governments, multilateral institutions, civil society experts, and private sector stakeholders to improve information sharing, strengthen preventative measures, raise public awareness, and increase coordination on law enforcement investigations and regulatory actions; and
(3) victims and survivors of human trafficking, including for the purpose of forced criminality, require victim-centered and trauma-informed protection and support to ensure they are not inappropriately prosecuted, penalized, or otherwise punished solely for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being trafficked, consistent with section 102(b)(19) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101(b)(19)).
SEC. 1274. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It shall be the policy of the United States--
(1) to comprehensively combat the transnational criminal organizations operating scam compounds and exploiting workers, including through human trafficking, such as forced criminality, to perpetrate large-scale online scams against the people of the United States; and
(2) to bolster international law enforcement cooperation with nations in Southeast Asia and in other regions where scam compounds and associated financial and operational infrastructures are located to combat transnational crime, including scam compounds, human trafficking, narcotics trafficking, and money laundering.
SEC. 1275. DEFINITIONS.
(a) In General.--In this subtitle:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate;
(D) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
(E) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(F) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(G) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;
(H) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and
(I) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and
(J) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) Cyber-enabled fraud.--The term "cyber-enabled fraud" means the use of the internet or other technology to commit fraudulent activity, including illicitly obtaining money, property, data, identification documents, or authentication features, or creating counterfeit goods or services.
(3) Enabling country.--The term "enabling country" means a country where--
(A) government authorities actively or implicitly permit, enable, or perpetuate scam compound operations; or
(B) ineffective law enforcement or a failure to enact legislation intended to prevent facilitating services from reaching scam compounds or transnational criminal organizations enables scam compound operators to obtain facilitating services.
(4) Forced criminality.--The term "forced criminality" means a form of forced labor for the purpose of causing the victim to engage in criminal activity, which may include cyber-enabled fraud.
(5) Forced labor.--The term "forced labor" has the meaning given the term severe forms of trafficking in persons in section 103(11)(B) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(11)(B)).
(6) Relevant foreign assistance programs.--The term "relevant foreign assistance programs"--
(A) means foreign assistance programs funded by the United States Government to provide assistance for one or more foreign countries for the purpose of combating scam compound operations and related transnational criminal organizations as well as combating associated human trafficking; and
(B) excludes intelligence activities, including activities authorized by the President and reported to Congress in accordance with section 503 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3093).
(7) Human trafficking.--The term "human trafficking" has the meaning given the term severe forms of trafficking in persons in section 103(11) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(11)).
(8) Human trafficking victim.--The terms "human trafficking victim" and "victim of human trafficking" mean a person subject to an act or practice described in section 103(11) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(11)).
(9) Impacted country.--The term "impacted country" means a country that is a significant--
(A) transit location through which victims of human trafficking pass en route to scam compounds;
(B) source location for victims of human trafficking for scam compounds; or
(C) target of cyber-enabled fraud originating from scam compounds.
(10) Scam compound.--The term "scam compound" means a physical installation where a transnational criminal organization carries out cyber-enabled fraud operations, using victims who may be exploited through human trafficking, including forced criminality.
(11) Strategy.--The term "Strategy" means the strategy to counter scam compounds and hold transnational criminal organizations and human traffickers accountable described in section 1276.
(12) Transnational criminal organization.--The term "transnational criminal organization" means a group of persons that--
(A) includes one or more foreign person;
(B) engages in or facilitates an ongoing pattern of serious criminal activity involving the jurisdictions of at least two foreign states or one foreign state and the United States; and
(C) threatens the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States.
(b) Rule of Construction.--The definitions under this section are exclusive to this subtitle and may not be construed to affect any other provision of United States law.
SEC. 1276.
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STRATEGY TO COUNTER SCAM COMPOUNDS AND HOLD
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS AND HUMAN
TRAFFICKERS ACCOUNTABLE.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of other Federal departments and agencies as appropriate, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive strategy, with a classified annex if necessary, that--
(1) is designed--
(A) to shut down scam compounds and prevent their further proliferation;
(B) to disrupt and dismantle--
(i) transnational criminal organizations and human traffickers involved in exploiting workers in, and fraudulently recruiting workers to, scam compounds; and
(ii) the financial, operational, and technological infrastructure that enables such criminal enterprises to execute their scams and crimes; and
(C) to hold accountable corrupt officials and non-state actors enabling scam compounds;
(2) is global in scope and fosters cooperation among officials from affected regions; and
(3) may prioritize efforts focused on countries where scam compound operations are most prevalent, including Southeast Asia.
(b) Objectives.--The Strategy shall seek to accomplish the following objectives:
(1) Reducing the ability of transnational criminal organizations to operate scam compounds in Southeast Asia and elsewhere.
(2) Building the capacity of efforts related to digital forensics, anti-money laundering and investigative tools, anti-corruption, and border patrol, of trusted foreign law enforcement partners to degrade, disrupt, and shut down scam compounds and prevent their proliferation.
(3) Supporting victims of human trafficking, including those exploited in forced criminality under the direction of the Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons.
(4) Preventing fraudulent recruitment and human trafficking in scam compounds, including by--
(A) engaging private sector entities operating internet platforms or other services that could be abused or exploited to perpetrate fraudulent recruitment, human trafficking or cyber-enabled fraud;
(B) raising awareness among at-risk populations to identify common fraudulent recruitment strategies and improve due diligence and self-protection measures;
(C) urging governments to monitor and enforce laws against fraudulent and unlawful recruitment practices; and
(D) sharing information and building capacity among foreign counterparts, including law enforcement, border and port officials, and other anti-trafficking authorities, as well as civil society organizations to identify and protect potential human trafficking victims.
(5) Advocating for the thorough review of countries implicated in scam compound operations at the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) or FATF-style regional bodies.
(6) Examining existing authorities and procedures of the United States Government for recovering and returning proceeds of crime to defrauded United States persons.
(7) Using sanctions, visa restrictions, and other accountability and behavioral change measures, in coordination with allies and partners to the greatest extent possible, against enabling countries, transnational criminal organizations, human traffickers, and related third-party facilitators of scam compound operations.
(8) Investigating and highlighting the People's Republic of China's involvement in the origin and perpetuation of scam compounds, including through links between Chinese Communist Party officials and criminal organizations, deepening regional security influence, and selective crackdowns that incentivize the targeting of Americans.
(9) Investigating the Burmese military's involvement in allowing, ignoring, and profiting from scam compounds in Burma, and the importance of resolving the instability and violence in Burma to stop the unfettered operation of scam compounds in Burma.
(10) Harnessing offensive cyber capabilities to degrade scam compound operations.
(11) Integrating data collection, analysis, and response mechanisms across Federal, Tribal, territorial, State, and local agencies, including by assessing if any existing relevant Fusion Centers could be leveraged to combat the operations of scam compounds.
(12) Convening like-minded foreign allies and partners to combat scam compounds, including by establishing similar task forces or working groups, compiling and sharing data, and collaborating regarding the investigation and prosecution of key actors and enablers.
(c) Contents.--The Strategy shall--
(1) include a comprehensive problem statement identifying the structural vulnerabilities exploited by transnational criminal organizations operating scam compounds;
(2) develop a comprehensive list of enabling countries and impacted countries;
(3) identify private sector entities whose commercial services are utilized by transnational criminal organizations operating scam compounds and provide recommendations to address such use;
(4) identify all active executive branch relevant foreign assistance programs as well as diplomatic efforts underway to address scam compounds, transnational criminal organizations connected to scam compounds, and related money laundering, and human trafficking, including forced criminality, including efforts with enabling countries and impacted countries;
(5) identify resources needed to implement the Strategy and any obstacles to the response of the Federal Government to scam compounds, including coordination with partner governments, to address the human trafficking, including forced criminality, and money laundering that facilitates and sustains scam compound operations; and
(6) include indicators that measure the success of the Strategy, including achieving the objectives described in subsection (b), which may include the number of persons sanctioned, the number of arrest warrants or indictments issued, the number of arrests made, the amount of United States losses mitigated, the number of victims of trafficking in persons identified and protected, and the reduction in the number of active scam compounds, in comparison to the previous year.
(d) Limitation.--Nothing in the Strategy may--
(1) affect, apply to, or create obligations related to past, present, or future criminal or civil law enforcement or intelligence activities of the United States or the law enforcement activities of any State or subdivision of a State; or
(2) change existing authorities related to the sharing of personally identifiable information or the collection or sharing of information about individuals solely for constitutionally protected activities.
SEC. 1277. ESTABLISHING A TASK FORCE TO IMPLEMENT THE
STRATEGY.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after submitting the Strategy pursuant to section 1276(a), the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, shall establish or designate an interagency task force (referred to in this section as the "Task Force")--
(1) to coordinate the implementation of the Strategy;
(2) to conduct regular monitoring and analysis of scam compound operations internationally; and
(3) to track and evaluate progress toward the objectives, activities, and performance indicators of the Strategy.
(b) Information Sharing.--To ensure proper coordination and effective interagency action, each Federal department or agency represented on the Task Force shall fully share--
(1) all relevant data with the Task Force, consistent with existing Federal law; and
(2) all information regarding the department's or agency's plans, before and after final agency decisions are made, on all matters relating to actions regarding combating scam compounds to the extent that sharing of information does not violate protocols or regulations regarding sharing of law enforcement sensitive or classified information.
(c) Consultation.--The Task Force, or representatives of the Task Force, should--
(1) consult with Tribal, State, territorial, and local law enforcement entities and stakeholder organizations in the United States that have firsthand expertise in reporting and combating cyber-enabled fraud and recovering proceeds of crimes;
(2) consult regularly with nongovernmental organizations in the United States with expertise in countering trafficking in persons or anti-corruption, as appropriate;
(3) develop partnerships with relevant private sector actors for the purpose of better disrupting the enabling infrastructure of scam compounds, operations, and syndicates; and
(4) engage civil society organizations to better understand the complexity of the scam compound problem in each country and the broader economic, political, and governance challenges that are exacerbating the problem.
(d) Congressional Consultation.--The Task Force shall consult regularly with the appropriate congressional committees on its efforts to implement the Strategy, including potential updates to the Strategy.
(e) Annual Reviews and Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the establishment of the Task Force, and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Task Force shall--
(1) conduct a status review of the Strategy and the overall state of scam compounds operated by transnational criminal organizations that includes--
(A) a list of enabling countries and impacted countries;
(B) an estimate of the amount of proceeds of crimes against United States nationals through scams emanating from scam compounds;
(C) an estimate of the amount of proceeds described in subparagraph (B) that was intercepted, seized, or returned as a result of United States Government action;
(D) an analysis of the role that human trafficking plays in scam compounds around the world;
(E) a list of known scam compounds operating across Southeast Asia; and
(F) a description of if, where, and how scam compounds and operations have proliferated outside of Southeast Asia across other regions of the world; and
(2) submit the results of such review in a public report to the appropriate congressional committees, which may contain a classified annex.
(f) Task Force Termination.--The Task Force shall terminate on the date that is 6 years after the date on which the Task Force is established.
SEC. 1278. STRENGTHENING TOOLS TO DISMANTLE SCAM COMPOUNDS
AND HOLD TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
ACCOUNTABLE.
(a) Imposition of Sanctions With Respect to Actors in Scam Compound Operations.--Beginning on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President may impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any foreign person the President determines--
(1) has knowingly provided significant financial or technological support to, or knowingly provided significant goods or services in support of, the activities of international scam compounds or enabling services, including, but not limited to, fraudulent recruitment, human trafficking (including forced criminality), cyber-enabled fraud, or money-laundering; or
(2) owned, controlled, directed, or acted for, or on behalf of, a significant scam compound operation or enabling service, including, but not limited to, fraudulent recruitment, human trafficking (including forced criminality), cyber-enabled fraud, or money-laundering.
(b) Sanctions Described.--
(1) Asset blocking.--The President may exercise all powers granted to the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.
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1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a foreign person described in subsection (a), including, to the extent appropriate, the vessel of which the person is the beneficial owner, if such property or interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(2) Visas, admission, or parole.--
(A) In general.--An alien described in subsection (a) is--
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible for a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B) Current visas revoked.--
(i) In general.--An alien described in subsection (a) is subject to revocation of any visa or other entry documentation regardless of when the visa or other entry documentation was issued.
(ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under clause (i) shall take effect immediately and automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien's possession.
(c) Exceptions.--
(1) Exception to comply with international obligations and law enforcement activities.--Sanctions described in subsection (b)(2) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an alien if admitting or paroling such alien into the United States is necessary--
(A) to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations; or
(B) to carry out or assist with authorized law enforcement activities in the United States.
(2) Exception to comply with intelligence activities.--Sanctions authorized under this section shall not apply with respect to any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.
(3) Exception for human trafficking victims.--Sanctions described in subsection (b) shall not apply with respect to a person determined by the President to be a victim of trafficking in persons within a scam compound, consistent with section 102(b)(19) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101(b)(19)).
(4) Exception for unwitting participation.--Sanctions described in subsection (b) shall not apply with respect to a foreign person if the President determines--
(A) the foreign person's involvement in a scam compound or a scam compound operation was without knowledge of its criminal nature; or
(B) the foreign person did not knowingly or willingly participate in, or provide significant support for, such operation.
(d) Implementation; Penalties.--
(1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section.
(2) Penalties.--The penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to any person who violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any prohibition of this section, or an order or regulation prescribed under this section, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 206(a) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1705(a)).
(e) Semiannual Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter for 7 years, the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that identifies--
(1) all foreign persons the President has sanctioned pursuant to this section; and
(2) the dates on which such sanctions were imposed.
(f) Form.--The report required under subsection (e) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(g) Exception Relating to Importation of Goods.--
(1) In general.--A requirement to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property pursuant to subsection (b) shall not include the authority or a requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
(2) Defined term.--In this subsection, the term "good" means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply, or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.
(h) Waiver.--
(1) In general.--The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign person or a foreign financial institution if the President determines that such waiver is in the national interest of the United States.
(2) Report.--Not later than 15 days before granting a waiver pursuant to paragraph (1), the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
(A) the name of the individual or institution that is benefitting from such waiver; and
(B) if the beneficiary is an individual, a detailed justification explaining how the waiver serves the national security interests of the United States.
(3) Form.--The report required under paragraph (2) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 1279. REDRESS TO VICTIMS OF INTERNATIONAL SCAM COMPOUND
OPERATIONS.
(a) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report containing an assessment of existing forfeiture law that--
(1) outlines challenges or limitations to providing financial redress to victims of international scam compound operations; and
(2) offers recommendations, if any, to amend existing forfeiture law to better enable the Department of Justice to recover assets that may be used to compensate United States victims of scam operations.
(b) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form.
SEC. 1280. SATELLITE IMAGERY ACCESS TO MONITOR HUMAN RIGHTS
ABUSES RELATED TO SCAM COMPOUNDS TO DISCOVER
THE PRESENCE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING.
(a) Access to Satellite Imagery.--The Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, in coordination with, or at the request of, the Secretary of State, may provide nongovernmental organizations, nonprofit organizations, and intergovernmental entities access to current and archival high-resolution satellite imagery, subject to appropriate classification and information security requirements, to help advance efforts to combat scam compounds, forced criminality, and human trafficking, including monitoring and documenting observable activities at scam compounds in Southeast Asia, which may be associated with human trafficking, including forced labor or forced criminality.
(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
(1) any terms and conditions applicable with respect to the access authorized under subsection (a); and
(2) a list of each organization or entity that has been provided access pursuant to subsection (a).
(c) Form.--The report required under subsection (b) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 1280A. SUNSET.
This subtitle shall cease to be effective beginning on the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
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SA 6575. Mr. BANKS (for himself and Ms. Warren) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (9,980 characters)
At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1271. LICENSE REQUIREMENT FOR EXPORTS OF COVERED
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS TO COUNTRIES OF CONCERN.
Part I of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4811 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1758 the following:
"SEC. 1758A. CONTROL OF EXPORTS OF COVERED INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS.
"(a) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term `appropriate congressional committees' means the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.
"(2) Commerce control list.--The term `Commerce Control List' means the list set forth in Supplement No. 1 to part 774 of the Export Administration Regulations.
"(3) Country of concern.--The term `country of concern' means any foreign country listed in Country Group D:5 under Supplement No. 1 to part 740 of the Export Administration Regulations.
"(4) Covered integrated circuit.--
"(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D), the term `covered integrated circuit' means--
"(i) an integrated circuit, computer, or other product--
"(I) classified under Export Control Classification Number 3A090 or 4A090 or related Export Control Classification Numbers; or
"(II) that is functionally equivalent or substantially similar to a circuit, computer, or product described in subclause (I); or
"(ii) an integrated circuit that has 1 or more digital processing units with--
"(I) a total processing performance of 4,800 or more;
"(II) a total processing performance of 2,400 or more and a performance density of 1.6 or more; or
"(III) a total processing performance of 1,600 or more and a performance density of 3.2 or more.
"(B) Authority to update technical parameters.--Beginning 18 months after the date of the enactment of this section, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security may add or modify technical parameters for the definition of `covered integrated circuit' for purposes of this section through notice in the Federal Register, so long as--
"(i) the addition or modification poses no adverse impact on the national security of the United States; and
"(ii) not fewer than 30 days before the addition or modification takes effect, the Under Secretary--
"(I) consults with the appropriate congressional committees regarding the addition or modification; and
"(II) in consultation with each agency that is part of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, submits the addition or modification to the appropriate congressional committees.
"(C) Products included.--Except as provided in subparagraph (D), the term `covered integrated circuit' includes a product containing such a covered integrated circuit.
"(D) Exclusion.--The term `covered integrated circuit' does not include--
"(i) covered integrated circuits or products containing a covered integrated circuit that are not designed or marketed for use in a data center; or
"(ii) microprocessor microcircuits, such as central processing units, that are not graphics processing units or similar products.
"(5) Operating committee for export policy.--The term `Operating Committee for Export Policy' means the Operating Committee for Export Policy referred to in section 1763(c) of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4822(c)).
"(6) Performance density; total processing performance.--The terms `performance density' and `total processing performance' have the meanings given those terms in, and are calculated as provided for under, Export Control Classification Number 3A090 in the Commerce Control List (as in effect on January 1, 2026).
"(7) Restricted integrated circuit.--
"(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D), the term `restricted integrated circuit' means a covered integrated circuit that has 1 or more digital processing units with a total processing performance of 21,000 or more.
"(B) Authority to update technical parameters.--The Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security may add or modify technical parameters for the definition of `restricted integrated circuit' in the same manner and subject to the same restrictions as the authority described in paragraph (4)(B).
"(C) Products included.--Except as provided by subparagraph (D), the term `restricted integrated circuit' includes a product containing such a restricted integrated circuit.
"(D) Exclusion.--The term `restricted integrated circuit' does not include--
"(i) restricted integrated circuits or products containing a restricted integrated circuit that are not designed or marketed for use in a data center; or
"(ii) microprocessor microcircuits, such as central processing units, that are not graphics processing units or similar products.
"(b) License Requirement.--
"(1) In general.--Beginning on the date of the enactment of this section, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security, in consultation with each agency that is part of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, shall require a license for the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of a covered integrated circuit or a restricted integrated circuit to an entity that is located or headquartered in, or the ultimate parent company of which is headquartered in, a country of concern.
"(2) General license prohibited.--The Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security may not issue a general license for the purpose of fulfilling the license requirement in paragraph (1).
"(c) Certification to Congress.--Not fewer than 15 days prior to approving any license for the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of a covered integrated circuit to an entity that is located or headquartered in, or the ultimate parent company of which is headquartered in, a country of concern, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security, in consultation with each agency that is part of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a copy of the license application and proposed license, including--
"(1) the quantity of the covered integrated circuit, identified by an Export Control Classification Number, as applicable, and by
technical parameters of the covered integrated circuit;
"(2) the ultimate consignee or end-user of the covered integrated circuit;
"(3) the quantity of the covered integrated circuit that has been shipped to end-users in the United States at the time of the license application; and
"(4) any and all license conditions, which shall include a certification that--
"(A) there is sufficient supply of the covered integrated circuit in the United States such that export of the covered integrated circuit authorized by the license would not result in any delay in fulfilling any existing or new orders of covered integrated circuits from customers in the United States for end use in the United States (taking into account normal lead times);
"(B) global foundry capacity that would otherwise be used to produce similar node or more covered integrated circuits for end users in the United States will not be diverted to produce the commodities authorized by the license for exports to the People's Republic of China;
"(C) the aggregate shipments of the covered integrated circuit to the People's Republic of China and Macau will be not more than 50 percent of the total covered integrated circuits shipped to customers for end use in the United States of that covered integrated circuit;
"(D) the transaction is not prohibited by end user, use controls, or controls for nonmilitary end uses or end users;
"(E) the license applicant will employ rigorous know your customer (KYC) procedures to screen and prevent unauthorized remote access to unauthorized parties (such as prohibited parties under part 744 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regulations);
"(F) prior to export from the United States, every shipment of covered integrated circuits will be reviewed by a qualified third-party testing lab to confirm the technical capabilities and functions of the artificial intelligence commodities in the license application of the exporter; and
"(G) the license application has provided the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security a list of remote end users located in Belarus, China, Cuba, Iran, Macau, North Korea, Russia, and Venezuela, or whose ultimate parent company is headquartered in any such country.
"(d) American Artificial Intelligence Victory Strategy.--The Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security, in consultation with each agency that is part of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an American Artificial Intelligence Victory Strategy that details--
"(1) a whole-of-government framework to win the artificial intelligence race;
"(2) recommendations for policy changes the United States Government should make to best position the United States in the artificial intelligence race against the People's Republic of China; and
"(3) an assessment of the covered integrated circuit production numbers and capabilities of the People's Republic of China for fiscal years 2026 and 2027, including a comparison of the covered integrated circuit production numbers and capabilities of the People's Republic of China to the covered integrated circuit production numbers and capabilities of the United States and allies of the United States.
"(e) License Prohibition for Restricted Integrated Circuits.--The Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security, in consultation with each agency that is part of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, shall deny all licenses for the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of a restricted integrated circuit to an entity that is located or headquartered in, or the ultimate parent company of which is headquartered in, a country of concern.".
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SA 6576. Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Mr. Coons) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (6,656 characters)
At the end of subtitle A of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1210. PROGRAM TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO BUILD THE
CAPACITY OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN LAW
ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES TO DISRUPT PRC ORGANIZED
CRIMINAL GROUPS.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the "Eliminate PRC Organized Crime Act".
(b) In General.--Chapter 8 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 490A. PROGRAM TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO BUILD THE
CAPACITY OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN LAW
ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES TO DISRUPT PRC ORGANIZED
CRIMINAL GROUPS.
"(a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 660, the Secretary of State may establish a program to provide assistance to strengthen the capacity of law enforcement agencies of the countries described in subsection (e) to help such agencies collect information on, disrupt, and prosecute transnational criminal organizations linked to the People's Republic of China (referred to in this section as `PRC') that are engaged in narcotics trafficking, money laundering, illicit finance, transnational repression, illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, foreign interference, and other related activities the Secretary determines are appropriate.
"(b) Coordination.--Assistance authorized under subsection (a) shall be provided in coordination with the Attorney General.
"(c) Assistance Described.--Assistance authorized under subsection (a) may include--
"(1) consultation between law enforcement agencies in the countries described in subsection (e) and Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies with experience investigating, disrupting, and prosecuting PRC-linked transnational criminal organizations that are operating in the United States or abroad;
"(2) training regarding financial investigations, money laundering and illicit finance prosecution, and asset forfeiture related to PRC-linked transnational criminal organizations;
"(3) technical assistance, including digital forensics, telecommunications intercept coordination, and all-source and open-source intelligence relevant to PRC-linked transnational criminal organizations; and
"(4) support for vetting and screening programs to ensure foreign law enforcement agencies receiving assistance are not compromised by PRC-linked transnational criminal organizations, in accordance with the prohibition under section 487.
"(d) Relationship Certain Certifications.--
"(1) In general.--Notwithstanding a determination under section 490(a)(1) that a country has demonstrably failed to adhere to its obligations under applicable international counternarcotics agreements, assistance authorized under subsection (a) may be provided to such country if the Secretary of State determines that providing such assistance is in the national interest of the United States.
"(2) Notification.--The Secretary of State may not provide assistance pursuant to paragraph (1) unless not later than 15 days before providing such assistance, the Secretary submits to the appropriate congressional committees a determination that providing such assistance is in the national interest of the United States.
"(e) Countries Described.--The foreign countries described in this subsection are countries in Latin America and the Caribbean where PRC-linked transnational criminal organizations engage in criminal activities, including narcotics trafficking, money laundering, illicit finance, human trafficking, illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, and foreign interference.
"(f) Report on PRC Organized Crime in Latin America.--
"(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Attorney General, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that--
"(A) identifies all United States assistance provided by the Secretary of State to countries under this section, including each country that received assistance and a description of the assistance provided, including assistance amount and intended outcomes;
"(B) summarizes known organized criminal activity by PRC-linked transnational criminal organizations taking place in Latin American or the Caribbean; and
"(C) summarizes all known instances of the PRC providing law enforcement assistance or support to the countries described in subsection (e) to facilitate or disrupt such criminal activity;
" "(D) analyzes the status of PRC efforts to negotiate, conclude, or expand bilateral policing and law enforcement cooperation agreements with the countries described in subsection (e);
"(E) analyzes patterns, behaviors, and linkages involving PRC-linked transnational criminal organizations operating in Latin America and Caribbean countries, as compared to such organizations operating in other continents, regions, and jurisdictions, to identify cross-regional patterns that inform regional threat assessments; and
"(F) identifies any mutual legal assistance treaty requests or other such assistance submitted by each county that receives assistance described in subparagraph (A), and the status of such requests.
"(2) Classified form.--To the extent possible, the report required under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, with a classified annex, if necessary.
"(g) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term `appropriate congressional committees' means--
"(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
"(B) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
"(C) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
"(D) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;
"(E) the Caucus on International Narcotics Control of the Senate;
"(F) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
"(G) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives;
"(H) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and
"(I) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.
"(2) PRC-linked transnational criminal organization.--The term `PRC-linked transnational criminal organization' means an organization that--
"(A) includes 1 or more foreign person;
"(B) engages in or facilitates an ongoing pattern of serious criminal activity involving the jurisdictions of at least 2 foreign states, including the People's Republic of China, or 1 foreign state and the United States;
"(C) threatens the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States; and
"(D) meets any other criteria the Secretary determines to be appropriate.".
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SA 6577. Mr. CORNYN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (2,120 characters)
At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1270A. COORDINATION WITH FOREIGN STATES TO TEST CAPTAGON
AND OTHER ILLICIT DRUG SAMPLES.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Covered foreign state.--The term "covered foreign state" means a foreign state in which Captagon has been seized or interdicted.
(2) Entity.--The term "entity" means a partnership, joint venture, association, corporation, organization, network, group, or subgroup, or any form of business collaboration.
(3) Foreign person.--The term "foreign person"--
(A) means--
(i) any citizen or national of a foreign country; or
(ii) any entity not organized under the laws of the United States or a jurisdiction within the United States; and
(B) does not include the government of a foreign country.
(b) In General.--The Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, and in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury, may coordinate with the necessary agencies and instrumentalities of covered foreign states to acquire samples of Captagon, its precursor chemicals, and other illicit drugs interdicted by the law enforcement agencies or other units of government of such covered foreign states.
(c) Purpose.--Any testing conducted pursuant to subsection (b) should be conducted for the purpose of obtaining information that could help identify drug and drug precursor trafficking routes, any foreign persons, entities, or governments responsible for providing chemical precursors used by drug trafficking organizations to synthesize illicit substances, to assist the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of State, and the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration in efforts to identify and impose sanctions.
(d) Sample Acquisition and Testing Consistent With Law.--Acquisition and testing of any sample authorized under this section shall be conducted in accordance with--
(1) the requirements under chapter 8 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.); and
(2) the laws of the relevant covered foreign state.
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SA 6579. Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself and Mr. Durbin) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This division may be cited as the "James T. Woods Community Safety Act".
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this division is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 101. Short title.
Sec. 111. Short title. Sec. 112. Findings. Sec. 113. Amendment of Federal sentencing guideline relating to child sexual abuse material.
Subtitle B--Ending Coercion of Children and Harm Online
Sec. 121. Short title. Sec. 122. Coercion of children to commit harm. Sec. 123. Clerical and conforming amendments. Sec. 124. Severability.
Sec. 131. Short title. Sec. 132. Criminalizing threats to distribute child sexual abuse material. Sec. 133. Penalties for threats to distribute child sexual abuse material. Sec. 134. Severability.
Sec. 201. Short title. Sec. 202. Findings. Sec. 203. Amendments to title 18, United States Code. Sec. 204. Establishment of a Center to Combat Organized Retail and Supply Chain Crime.
TITLE III--LIEUTENANT OSVALDO ALBARATI STOPPING PRISON CONTRABAND ACT Sec. 301. Short title. Sec. 302. Prohibited provision of a phone. Sec. 303. Review of policies. Sec. 401. Short title. Sec. 402. Definitions. Sec. 403. Adding xylazine to schedule III. Sec. 404. Amendments. Sec. 405. Arcos tracking. Sec. 406. Sentencing Commission. Sec. 407. Report to Congress on xylazine.
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SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.
This tile may be cited as the "James T. Woods Act".
SEC. 111. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Sentencing Accountability For Exploitation Act" or the "SAFE Act".
SEC. 112. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Over many years, the complexity and scale of online child sex offenses have worsened, as offenders have taken advantage of technological developments to target and victimize ever-increasing numbers of children.
(2) In addition, offenders have pursued increasingly dangerous ways of victimizing children, including by resorting to organized efforts at extorting and manipulating children into engaging in sexually explicit conduct and other types of degrading and dangerous acts.
(3) Offenders have also been increasingly adept at globalizing their offenses, including by, for example, paying adults overseas to provide customized child sexual abuse material, which may be video recorded or live-streamed, to offenders in the United States.
(4) Meanwhile, as the complexity, scale, and dangerousness of online child sex crimes has worsened, long-existing sex crimes against children continue to flourish on the dark web, through social media and related applications, and otherwise.
(5) Effective investigation and prosecution are a critical component of the efforts of the United States to keep children safe, punish those who victimize them, and deter would-be offenders. It is imperative that the Federal sentencing guidelines account for these interests and ensure that offenders face advisory sentencing ranges that appropriately account for the scale, complexity, and dangerousness of these offenses.
SEC. 113. AMENDMENT OF FEDERAL SENTENCING GUIDELINE RELATING
TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE MATERIAL.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Child.--The term "child" means an individual who has not attained 18 years of age.
(2) Child sexual abuse material.--The term "child sexual abuse material" has the meaning given the term "child pornography" in section 2256(8) of title 18, United States Code.
(3) Prohibited conduct against a child.--The term "prohibited conduct against a child"--
(A) means--
(i) conduct committed against a child relating to--
(I) kidnapping;
(II) illegal sexual abuse, contact, or activity;
(III) live streaming of child sexual abuse;
(IV) using a child to produce child sexual abuse material; or
(V) sexual exploitation, including child sex trafficking; or
(ii) an attempt or conspiracy to engage in any conduct described in subclauses (I) through (V) of clause (i);
(B) does not include--
(i) conduct involving or similar to advertising, transporting, mailing, distributing, receiving, possession, accessing, or viewing child sexual abuse material; or
(ii) acquitted conduct, to the extent that such conduct is excluded from the scope of relevant conduct under section 1B1.3(c) of the United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual; and
(C) does not require a conviction.
(b) Directive.--Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title 28, United States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and amend the Federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements applicable to persons convicted of an offense under section 1466A, 2251(d)(1)(A), 2252, 2252A, or 2260(b) of title 18, United States Code, in order to reflect the intent of Congress that penalties for the offense under the guidelines and policy statements--
(1) appropriately account for--
(A) the actual and potential harm to victims and to the public from the offense; and
(B) changes that have occurred since the relevant guidelines and policy statements were last amended with respect to--
(i) typical offense behavior; and
(ii) the use of modern computer and internet technologies; and
(2) to better reflect the current spectrum of offender culpability.
(c) Requirements.--In carrying out subsection (b), the United States Sentencing Commission shall--
(1) ensure that the Federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements reflect--
(A) the seriousness of the offenses described in that subsection;
(B) the need to afford adequate deterrence to commission of the offenses;
(C) the need for just punishment for the offenses;
(D) the need to protect the public from further crimes of a defendant convicted of any such offense; and
(E) the need to differentiate among offenders based on their culpability and potential dangerousness;
(2) avoid duplicative punishment within the applicable guidelines and under the Federal sentencing guidelines for substantially the same conduct;
(3) develop a guideline that accounts for--
(A) whether, prior to, during, or after the offense at issue, the defendant engaged in, conspired to engage in, or attempted to engage in--
(i) an act of prohibited conduct against a child; or
(ii) a pattern of activity involving prohibited conduct against a child, whether involving a single victim or multiple victims;
(B) whether, prior to, during, or after the offense at issue, the defendant--
(i) participated in a group dedicated to child sexual abuse material or prohibited conduct against a child; or
(ii) encouraged, instructed, required, or similarly caused another individual to commit an offense involving child sexual abuse material or prohibited conduct against a child;
(C) whether the defendant engaged in multiple acts, not accounted for in the defendant's criminal history or counts of conviction, involving child sexual abuse material over an extended period of time or with a high degree of frequency;
(D) whether the defendant intentionally used, or promoted the use of, software, technology, procedures, or any other means to conceal the offense or the identity or location of the defendant or any victim, or to destroy evidence for an improper purpose, unless accounted for in the conduct of conviction;
(E) whether 3 or more online channels, technologies, platforms, or methods were used to commit the offense;
(F) gradations in--
(i) the severity of the depicted sexually explicit conduct, including especially severe physical or emotional trauma; and
(ii) the age or physical development of the minor;
(G) the number of items of child sexual abuse material or the number of victims involved in the offense;
(H) whether the offense involved distribution of child sexual abuse material, accounting for the nature of the distribution, including--
(i) distribution in order to receive any valuable consideration; and
(ii) distribution through any method that does not limit who can obtain the material or how many individuals can obtain the material;
(I) whether the offense involved the production, creation, or manufacture of child sexual abuse material that is not subject to the cross reference in section 2G2.2(c)(1) of the United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual to section 2G2.1 of the Manual;
(J) whether the offense was the direct and proximate cause of the victim's death by suicide; and
(K) any other conduct or factors that the United States Sentencing Commission determines appropriate to reflect the seriousness of the offense and differentiate among offenders;
(4) make any necessary conforming changes to the guidelines; and
(5) ensure that the guidelines adequately meet the purposes of sentencing, as set forth in section 3553(a)(2) of title 18, United States Code.
(d) Authority for United States Sentencing Commission.--In carrying out this section, the United States Sentencing Commission--
(1) may amend provisions of the Federal sentencing guidelines that were promulgated pursuant to any other specific congressional directives or legislation directly amending the guidelines and promulgate amendments that would result in sentencing ranges different than those that would have applied under such directives or legislation; and
(2) in developing a guideline that comports with the requirements of this section, particularly accounting for the factors set forth in subsection (c)(3)--
(A) may--
(i) design the specific offense characteristics, including the increase in offense level that each offense characteristic would provide; and
(ii) define any terms; and
(B) may not lower the applicable base offense level provided in section 2G2.2(a) of the United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act.
(e) Repeals.--
(1) Laws.--The following provisions of law are repealed:
(A) Section 632 of the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1992 (28 U.S.C. 994 note; Public Law 102-141).
(B) Sections 2 and 3 of the Sex Crimes Against Children Prevention Act of 1995 (28 U.S.C. 994 note; Public Law 104-71).
(C) Section 401(i)(1) of the Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003 (28 U.S.C. 994 note; Public Law 108-21).
(2) Guidelines.--Section 2G2.2(b) of the United States Sentencing Commission Guidelines Manual is amended by striking paragraph (7).
(3) Effective date.--The amendments made by this subsection shall take effect on the date on which the amendments to the Federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements required under subsection (b) take effect.
Subtitle B--Ending Coercion of Children and Harm Online
SEC. 121. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the "Ending Coercion of Children and Harm Online Act" or the "ECCHO Act".
SEC. 122. COERCION OF CHILDREN TO COMMIT HARM.
Chapter 110A of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 2261B the following:
"Sec. 2261C. Coercion of children to commit harm
"(a) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
"(1) Coerce.--The term `coerce' includes the use of extortion, threats, fraud, deceit, duress, intimidation, harassment, humiliation, degradation, or manipulation.
"(2) Minor.--The term `minor' means any individual who has not attained the age of 18 years.
"(3) Substantial bodily injury.--The term `substantial bodily injury' has the meaning given that term in section 113.
"(b) Offense.--It shall be unlawful for any person, using the mail or any facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce, or within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, to intentionally coerce a minor, directly or through an intermediary, to--
"(1)(A) die by suicide or attempt to die by suicide; or
"(B) kill or attempt to kill any individual;
"(2) kill or attempt to kill any pet, emotional support animal, service animal, or horse;
"(3) strangle, suffocate, poison, burn, lacerate, or inflict serious bodily injury or substantial bodily injury on any individual (including the minor), pet, emotional support animal, service animal, or horse; or
"(4) commit or attempt to commit arson.
"(c) Penalty.--Any person who violates, or attempts or conspires to violate--
"(1) subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (b)(1) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for any term of years or life, or both; or
"(2) paragraph (2), (3), or (4) of subsection (b) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 30 years, or both.".
SEC. 123. CLERICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.
(a) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 110A of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 2261B the following:
"2261C. Coercion of children to commit harm.".
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(b) Conforming Amendments.--(1) Title 18.--(A) Chapter 110.--Chapter 110 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--(i) in section 2252A(g), by inserting "section 2261C," after "section 1591,"; and (ii) in section 2258A--
(I) in subsection (a)--
(aa) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking "online child sexual exploitation and to prevent the online sexual exploitation of children" and inserting ", and to prevent, online child sexual exploitation and online coercion of children"; and
(bb) in paragraph (2)(A)--
(AA) by striking "or 2260 that involves child pornography," and inserting "2260, 2261C, or 2422(b), or"; and
(BB) by striking ", or of 2422(b)";
(II) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking "sexual" and inserting "online";
(III) in subsection (c)--
(aa) in paragraph (1), by striking ", kidnapping, or enticement crimes" and inserting "or kidnapping, online coercion, or enticement crimes involving children";
(bb) in paragraph (2), by inserting "or kidnapping, online coercion, or enticement crimes involving children" after "sexual exploitation"; and
(cc) in paragraph (3), by striking ", kidnapping, or enticement crimes" and inserting "or kidnapping, online coercion, or enticement crimes involving children";
(IV) in subsection (d)(5)(A)(ii)(II), by striking ", kidnapping, or enticement crimes" and inserting "or kidnapping, online coercion, or enticement crimes involving children";
(V) in subsection (g)(3)--
(aa) in subparagraph (A), by striking ", kidnapping, or enticement crimes" and inserting "or kidnapping, online coercion, or enticement crimes involving children";
(bb) in subparagraph (B), by striking ", kidnapping, or enticement crimes" and inserting "or kidnapping, online coercion, or enticement crimes involving children"; and
(cc) in subparagraph (C), by striking ", kidnapping, or enticement crimes" and inserting "or kidnapping, online coercion, or enticement crimes involving children"; and
(VI) in subsection (h)(5), by striking "the proliferation of online child sexual exploitation or preventing the online sexual exploitation of children" and inserting "or preventing the proliferation of online child sexual exploitation or online coercion of children".
(B) Section 3509.--Section 3509(a)(2)(A) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking "physical abuse, sexual abuse, or exploitation" and inserting "child abuse".
(C) Section 5032.--Section 5032 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(i) in the first undesignated paragraph--
(I) by striking "or section 1002(a)" and inserting "section 1002(a)"; and
(II) by striking "section 922(x) or section 924(b), (g), or (h) of this title" and inserting "or section 922(x), section 924(b), (g), or (h), or section 2261C(b)(1) or (2) of this title"; and
(ii) in the fourth undesignated paragraph, by striking "section 922(x) of this title, or in section 924(b), (g), or (h) of this title" and inserting "section 922(x), section 924(b), (g), or (h), or section 2261C(b)(1) or (2) of this title".
(2) PROTECT our children act of 2008.--Section 2 of the PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008 (34 U.S.C. 21101) is amended by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
"(1) Child exploitation.--The term `child exploitation' means--
"(A) any conduct, attempted conduct, or conspiracy to engage in conduct that--
"(i) violates chapter 110 or section 2261C, 2422(b), or 2423 of title 18, United States Code; or
"(ii) involves a minor and violates section 1591 or chapter 109A of title 18, United States Code; or
"(B) any sexual activity involving a minor for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense.".
(3) Delayed applicability of provider duty to report.--The amendment made to section 2258A(a)(1)(A) of title 18, United States Code, by paragraph (1)(A)(ii)(I)(aa) of this subsection, shall apply on and after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 124. SEVERABILITY.
If any provision of this subtitle, an amendment made by this subtitle, or the application of such provision or amendment to any person or circumstance is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this subtitle, the amendments made by this subtitle, and the application of the provisions of such to any person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby.
SEC. 131. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Stop Sextortion Act".
SEC. 132. CRIMINALIZING THREATS TO DISTRIBUTE CHILD SEXUAL
ABUSE MATERIAL.
Title 18, United States Code, is amended--(1) in section 2252--(A) in subsection (a)(2)--(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
(I) by inserting ", or threatens to distribute any visual depiction with intent to intimidate, coerce, extort, or cause substantial emotional distress to any person," after "distributes, any visual depiction";
(II) by striking "foreign commerce or that" and inserting "foreign commerce, or involving a visual depiction that"; and
(III) by striking ", or which contains materials which have been mailed or so shipped or transported,"; and
(B) in subsection (b)--
(i) in paragraph (1), by striking "Whoever" and inserting "Except as provided in paragraph (3), whoever"; and
(ii) by adding at the end the following:
"(3) Whoever violates, or attempts or conspires to violate, subsection (a)(2) for threatening to distribute any visual depiction, as described in that subsection, shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection if no such visual depiction existed."; and
(2) in section 2252A--
(A) in subsection (a)(2)(A)--
(i) by inserting ", or threatens to distribute any child pornography with intent to intimidate, coerce, extort, or cause substantial emotional distress to any person," after "any child pornography"; and
(ii) by striking "foreign commerce or that" and inserting "foreign commerce, or involving any child pornography that"; and
(B) in subsection (b)--
(i) in paragraph (1), by striking "Whoever" and inserting "Except as provided in paragraph (4), whoever"; and
(ii) by adding at the end the following:
"(4) Whoever violates, or attempts or conspires to violate, subsection (a)(2)(A) for threatening to distribute any child pornography, as described in that subsection, shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection if no such child pornography existed.".
SEC. 133. PENALTIES FOR THREATS TO DISTRIBUTE CHILD SEXUAL
ABUSE MATERIAL.
(a) In General.--Title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in section 1466A--
(A) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding subsection (b), by inserting ", but if the offense involves the knowing use of a visual depiction of a minor engaged in sexually explicit conduct, with the intent to intimidate, coerce, extort, or cause substantial emotional distress to any person, the maximum term of imprisonment provided in section 2252A(b)(1) shall be increased by 10 years" before the period at the end; and
(B) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding subsection (c), by inserting ", but if the offense involves the knowing use of a visual depiction of a minor engaged in sexually explicit conduct, with the intent to intimidate, coerce, extort, or cause substantial emotional distress to any person, the maximum term of imprisonment provided in section 2252A(b)(2) shall be increased by 10 years" before the period at the end; and
(2) in section 2260A--
(A) in the section heading, by striking "Penalties for registered sex offenders" and inserting "Other offenses and penalties";
(B) by striking "Whoever" and inserting the following:
"(1) Offenses by registered sex offenders.--Whoever"; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
"(2) Additional penalties.--If any offense under section 875(d), 2251, 2252, 2252A, or 2260 involves the knowing use of child pornography with the intent to intimidate, coerce, extort, or cause substantial emotional distress to any person, the maximum term of imprisonment provided in section 875(d), 2251(e), 2252(b), 2252A(b), or 2260(c) shall be increased by 10 years.".
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 110 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 2260A and inserting the following:
"2260A. Other offenses and penalties.".
SEC. 134. SEVERABILITY.
If any provision of this subtitle, an amendment made by this subtitle, or the application of such provision or amendment to any person or circumstance is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this subtitle, the amendments made by this subtitle, and the application of the provisions of such to any person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby.
SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the "Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2026".
SEC. 202.
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FINDINGS.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) organized theft groups, involving sophisticated and structured groups of individuals, continue to increase criminal activities carried out by the groups against the retail industry and the supply chain of the Nation, and these activities, at unprecedented levels, involve theft and fraud of both physical and digital goods, leading to escalating financial losses and violence in the workplace--all impacting the national economy and security of the United States;
(2) retailers face mounting thefts and fraud because of organized retail crime in and around stores, online, and throughout the retail ecosystem, and, according to the National Retail Federation, larceny incidents increased by 93 percent in 2023 compared to 2019, with a 90 percent rise in average dollar loss;
(3) these thefts are often orchestrated by organized theft groups reselling and redistributing the stolen goods back into the economy of the United States or overseas to gain illicit profit and to finance other criminal activity, and more than 84 percent of retailers report that violence and aggression from these criminal activities has become more of a concern since 2022, resulting in injuries and deaths among employees, customers, security officers, and law enforcement personnel;
(4) product manufacturers and the supply chain of the Nation are victims of alarming increases in cargo theft across rails, roads, and the various distribution points across the Nation;
(5) CargoNet, a database of reported incidents in the United States, reported a 27 percent increase in cargo theft incidents in 2024 compared to the previous year, while during the same period, the average value per theft rose to over $202,000;
(6) these thefts range from large-scale physical theft of goods from containers and storage to sophisticated cybercriminal methods that divert shipments to illicit receivers, causing significant financial losses and operational supply chain disruptions;
(7) since 2022, more than 30 State laws have been enacted to address organized theft, allow for aggregation of thefts, and adjust penalties and enhancements, including in 2024, California voters overwhelmingly approving a constitutional reform to allow aggregation of multiple or repeated thefts;
(8) although larceny and organized retail crime are sometimes prosecuted at State and local levels, States face resource and investigative challenges from groups operating beyond local, State, and regional law enforcement capabilities, and more needs to be done to address the cross-jurisdictional, interstate, and international aspects of these crimes;
(9) organized theft groups vary in scope and scale, operating across State jurisdictions to avoid or disrupt local, State, and
Tribal law enforcement response, and these organized theft groups build hierarchies to easily redistribute stolen goods and illicit profits back into the economy of the United States or overseas with disregard for product and consumer safety;
(10) the groups exist and operate at the local, regional, and transnational level, targeting goods that include raw and finished materials, various branded retail products across all consumer categories, operational assets in retail commerce such as reusable transport packaging products, and consumable goods including agriculture, food products, and medicines;
(11) these groups are often polycriminal organizations, using profit from the reselling of stolen goods to support crimes involving drugs and weapons trafficking;
(12) the organized theft groups engage in human smuggling and have been known to use migrants to commit crimes to support the organizations;
(13) the groups move products and illicit proceeds beyond the borders of the United States, funding nefarious groups and activities and threatening the integrity of the international economy;
(14) organized theft groups--
(A) threaten the safety and liberty of individuals in the United States when those individuals engage in commerce;
(B) impact the ability of the Nation to distribute goods to consumers, undermine consumer confidence in the supply chain, and threaten the integrity of agricultural and consumable goods;
(C) erode the national economy by increasing the cost of goods, resulting in higher prices for consumers, reducing tax revenues, and impacting employees, customers, and businesses alike; and
(D) impact the national security of the United States through financing transnational criminal activity and providing profit and proceeds supporting larger criminal goals of the criminal organizations; and
(15) it has become necessary for Congress to--
(A) amend title 18, United States Code, to ensure that law enforcement has the legal tools necessary to combat organized retail crime in the same capacity that law enforcement is able to combat theft and diversion from other portions of the supply chain; and
(B) direct the executive branch to create a central coordination center to align Federal, State, local, territorial, and Tribal efforts to combat organized retail crime and organized supply chain crime.
SEC. 203. AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE.
Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in section 982(a)(5)--
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E) as subparagraphs (D), (E), and (F), respectively;
(B) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
"(C) section 659 (interstate or foreign shipments by carrier; State prosecutions);";
(C) in subparagraph (E), as so redesignated, by striking "; or" and inserting a semicolon; and
(D) by inserting after subparagraph (F), as so redesignated, the following:
"(G) section 2314 (transportation of stolen goods, securities, moneys, fraudulent State tax stamps, or articles used in counterfeiting); or
"(H) section 2315 (sale or receipt of stolen goods, securities, moneys, or fraudulent State tax stamps);";
(2) in section 1956(c)--
(A) in paragraph (5), by striking "and money orders" and inserting "money orders, general-use prepaid cards, gift certificates, and store gift cards"; and
(B) in paragraph (7)(D)--
(i) by inserting "section 659 (interstate or foreign shipments by carrier; State prosecutions)," after "section 658 (relating to property mortgaged or pledged to farm credit agencies),"; and
(ii) by inserting "section 2314 (transportation of stolen goods, securities, moneys, fraudulent State tax stamps, or articles used in counterfeiting), section 2315 (sale or receipt of stolen goods, securities, moneys, or fraudulent State tax stamps)," after "section 2281 (relating to violence against maritime fixed platforms),";
(3) in section 2314, in the first paragraph--
(A) by inserting "or of an aggregate value of $5,000 or more during any 12-month period," after "more,";
(B) by inserting "embezzled," after "stolen,"; and
(C) by inserting ", false pretense, or other illegal means" after "fraud"; and
(4) in section 2315, in the first paragraph, by inserting "or of an aggregate value of $5,000 or more during any 12-month period," after "$5,000 or more,".
SEC. 204. ESTABLISHMENT OF A CENTER TO COMBAT ORGANIZED
RETAIL AND SUPPLY CHAIN CRIME.
(a) In General.--Title III of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4341 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 305 the following:
"SEC. 305A.
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ORGANIZED RETAIL AND SUPPLY CHAIN CRIME
COORDINATION CENTER.
"(a) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) Center.--The term `Center' means the Organized Retail and Supply Chain Crime Coordination Center established pursuant to subsection (b)(1).
"(2) Executive associate director.--The term `Executive Associate Director' means the Executive Associate Director of Homeland Security Investigations.
"(3) Organized retail and supply chain crime.--The term `organized retail and supply chain crime' means--
"(A) any crime described in section 659, 2117, 2314, or 2315 of title 18, United States Code, that is committed by, in coordination with, or at the instruction of an organization for the purpose of the systematic, large-scale theft of retail goods or goods in the supply chain from manufacturers, logistics and transportation providers, distributors, or retailers, which may include the subsequent resale of those stolen goods in interstate or foreign commerce for financial gain;
"(B) aiding or abetting the commission of, or conspiring to commit, any act that is in furtherance of a violation of a crime referred to in subparagraph (A) in the context of an organized retail and supply chain crime group; or
"(C) other crimes which materially further organized retail and supply chain crime.
"(4) Organized retail and supply chain crime group.--The term `organized retail and supply chain crime group' means 3 or more individuals who are jointly engaged in the conduct described in paragraph (3), with a centralized coordination of operations across the steps of the organized retail and supply chain crime cycle.
"(5) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary of Homeland Security.
"(b) Organized Retail and Supply Chain Crime Coordination Center.--
"(1) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2026, the Secretary shall direct the Executive Associate Director to establish the Organized Retail and Supply Chain Crime Coordination Center.
"(2) Duties.--The duties of the Center shall include--
"(A) coordinating Federal law enforcement activities related to organized retail and supply chain crime and organized retail and supply chain crime groups, including investigations of national and transnational criminal organizations that are engaged in organized retail and supply chain crime;
"(B) establishing relationships with State, local, Tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies and organizations, including organized retail crime associations, cargo theft associations, and other companies determined by the Executive Associate Director to have significant interests relating to organized retail and supply chain crime threats;
"(C) assisting State, local, Tribal and territorial law enforcement agencies with State and local investigations of organized retail and supply chain crime groups pursuant to existing law;
"(D) establishing a mechanism to--
"(i) receive investigative information on organized retail and supply chain crime from Federal, State, local, Tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies and retail, transportation, and other organizations, including organized retail crime associations, cargo theft associations, and other companies determined by the Executive Associate Director to have significant interests relating to organized retail and supply chain crime threats; and
"(ii) disseminate analysis of the tactics, techniques, and procedures of organized retail and supply chain crime groups, including through analysis of information received through the mechanism, to Federal, State, local, Tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies and organized retail crime associations and cargo theft associations, including organized retail crime associations, cargo theft associations, and other companies determined by the Executive Associate Director to have significant interests relating to organized retail and supply chain crime threats;
"(E) not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of the Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2026, reporting to Congress regarding whether the Homeland Security Information Network is sufficient to implement the information sharing requirements under the duties under this paragraph;
"(F) in coordination with the Privacy Officer and Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Officers of the Department of Homeland Security--
"(i) developing, implementing, and regularly reviewing for needed updates training and instructions about what information is authorized for submission under subparagraph (D), consistent with the definitions in subsection (a) and appropriate privacy and civil liberties guardrails, and ensuring regular training for all individuals submitting such information;
"(ii) requiring that for each submission of such information, the submitting entity certify that the investigative information meets the definitions under subsection (a) and is consistent with the training;
"(iii) conducting regular quality assurance to ensure that all information submitted, retained, and shared is consistent with the definitions under subsection (a);
"(iv) establishing thresholds for the collection, retention, and dissemination of any personally identifiable information about a citizen of the United States, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States, or an individual residing inside the United States, including limits on the retention of such information;
"(v) memorializing any determination to collect, retain, or disseminate personally
identifiable information about a citizen of the United States, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States, or an individual residing inside the United States consistent with the thresholds established under clause (iv) along with a justification for that decision;
"(vi) ensuring that personally identifiable information about a citizen of the United States, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States, or an individual residing inside the United States may not be disseminated or used within the Department of Homeland Security for any purpose other than efforts to counter transnational organized retail and supply chain crime groups, unless the Center determines (and documents) that there is probable cause to believe the individual described in the personally identifiable information is committing, attempting to commit, or aiding or abetting a crime; and
"(vii) not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of the Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2026, carrying out 1 or more privacy compliance review processes and publishing new or updated privacy impact assessments and system of records notices in accordance with the document of the Office of Management and Budget entitled `Guidance for Implementing the Privacy Provisions of the E-Government Act of 2002' (OMB M-03-22) and the document of the Office of Management and Budget entitled `Managing Information as a Strategic Resource' (OMB Circular A-130) for each new or updated information technology system and project that collects, maintains, or disseminates information in identifiable information from or about members of the public including any databases or systems used or developed in this section;
"(G) tracking trends with respect to organized retail and supply chain crime and organized retail and supply chain crime groups and releasing annual public reports on such trends; and
"(H) supporting the provision of training and technical assistance in accordance with subsection (c).
"(3) Leadership; staffing.--
"(A) Director.--The Center shall be headed by a Director, who shall be--
"(i) an experienced law enforcement officer;
"(ii) appointed by the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; and
"(iii) in a Senior Executive Service position as defined in section 3132 of title 5, United States Code.
"(B) Deputy director.--The Director of the Center shall be assisted by a Deputy Director, who shall be appointed, on a 2-year rotational basis, upon request from the Executive Associate Director, by--
"(i) the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation; or
"(ii) the Director of the United States Secret Service.
"(C) Federal staff.--The staff of the Center--
"(i) shall include special agents and analysts from Homeland Security Investigations; and
"(ii) may also include detailed criminal investigators, analysts, and liaisons from other Federal agencies who have responsibilities related to organized retail and supply chain crime, including detailees from--
"(I) U.S.
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Customs and Border Protection;
"(II) the United States Secret Service;
"(III) the United States Postal Inspection Service;
"(IV) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives;
"(V) the Drug Enforcement Administration;
"(VI) the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and
"(VII) the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
"(D) State and local staff.--The staff of the Center may include detailees from State, local, Tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies, who shall serve at the Center on a nonreimbursable basis.
"(4) Coordination.--
"(A) In general.--The Center shall coordinate its activities related to organized retail and supply chain crime, as appropriate, with other Federal agencies and centers responsible for countering transnational organized crime threats.
"(B) Shared resources.--In establishing the Center, the Executive Associate Director may co-locate or otherwise share resources and personnel, including detailees and agency liaisons, with the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center established pursuant to section 305(a)(1).
"(C) Information sharing.--
"(i) In general.--Subject to the approval of the Director of the Center, information that would otherwise be subject to the limitation on the disclosure of confidential information set forth in section 1905 of title 18, United States Code, may be shared if such disclosure is operationally necessary.
"(ii) Non-delegable authority.--The Director may not delegate his or her authority under this subparagraph.
"(5) Reporting requirements.--
"(A) Initial report.--
"(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2026, the Secretary shall make publicly available a report regarding the establishment of the Center and submit such report to--
"(I) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;
"(II) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
"(III) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; and
"(IV) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives.
"(ii) Contents.--The report required under clause (i) shall include--
"(I) a description of the organizational structure of the Center;
"(II) a list of the Federal, State, local, Tribal, and territorial agencies and private sector entities that participate in the Center or have access to the data of the Center;
"(III) the number of open and closed assessments, open and closed preliminary investigations, open and closed full investigations, and prosecutions involving activities of the Center and a description of the nature of each crime;
"(IV) a list of the data systems accessible through the Center, including data originating from outside the Center, the names of data providers, and the names of any private sector contractors that provide data or intelligence reports;
"(V) the number and purpose of searches of individuals involving personally identifiable information of data under mechanisms established and used under paragraph (2)(D);
"(VI) the use of biometrics by the Center, including--
"(aa) the types of biometrics that are captured, acquired, shared, stored, or maintained;
"(bb) the processes and tools the Center and partners use for these purposes;
"(cc) the sources of the biometrics, including any contracts;
"(dd) the access controls to the biometrics; and
"(ee) any oversight processes implemented by the Center;
"(VII) if the Center plays a role in watchlisting processes, information about the role of the Center in these processes, including a description of the nominations process, who may nominate, to which watch lists, what information is used for these purposes, the number of nominations to watch lists conducted by nominators, the number of nominations that involve information originating from a private sector entity, audits of the nominations for continued relevance, and the controls put in place to oversee the processes;
"(VIII) any challenges required to be addressed while establishing the Center;
"(IX) any lessons learned from establishing the Center, including successful prosecutions resulting from the activities of the Center;
"(X) recommendations for ways to strengthen the enforcement of laws involving organized retail and supply chain crime;
"(XI) the intersections and commonalities between organized retail crime organizations and other organized theft groups, including supply chain diversion and theft; and
"(XII) the impact of organized theft groups on the scarcity of vital products, including medicines, personal protective equipment, and infant formula.
"(B) Annual report.--Beginning on the date that is 1 year after the submission of the report required under subparagraph (A), and each year thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional committees listed in subparagraph (A)(i) and make publicly available an annual report that describes the activities of the Center during the previous year, which shall address the information described in subclauses (I) through (XII) of subparagraph (A).
"(C) Privacy and civil liberties audits.--The Privacy Office and the Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Office of the Department of Homeland Security shall annually--
"(i) conduct an audit of the implementation of the procedures described in paragraph (2)(F); and
"(ii) submit to Congress a report discussing the findings of the audit.
"(D) Comptroller general report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of the Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2026, the Comptroller General shall publish a report on the activities of the Center, which shall include an assessment of the implementation of the duties of the Center described in paragraph (2).
"(6) Sunset.--
"(A) In general.--The authority of the Center shall terminate on the date that is 3 years after the date on which the Center is established under paragraph (1).
"(B) Wind down.--The Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to wind down the Center in accordance with subparagraph (A).
"(c) Training and Technical Assistance.--
"(1) Evaluation.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2026, the Secretary and the Attorney General shall conduct an evaluation of existing Federal programs that provide training and technical support to State, local, Tribal, and territorial law enforcement to assist in countering organized retail and supply chain crime and organized retail and supply chain crime groups.
"(2) Report.--Not later than 45 days after the completion of the evaluation required under paragraph (1), the Secretary and the Attorney General shall jointly submit a report to the congressional committees listed in subsection (b)(5)(A)(i) that--
"(A) describes the results of such evaluation; and
"(B) includes recommendations on ways to improve programs, training, and technical assistance for combating organized retail and supply chain crime.
"(3) Enhancing or modifying training and technical assistance.--Not later than 45 days after submitting the report required under paragraph (2), the Secretary and the Attorney General shall jointly issue formal guidance to relevant agencies and offices within the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Justice for modifying or expanding, as appropriate, the training and technical assistance designed to counter organized retail and supply chain crime.".
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-125; 130 Stat. 122) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 305 the following:
"Sec. 305A. Organized Retail and Supply Chain Crime Coordination Center.".
TITLE III--LIEUTENANT OSVALDO ALBARATI STOPPING PRISON CONTRABAND ACT
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SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the "Lieutenant Osvaldo Albarati Stopping Prison Contraband Act".
SEC. 302. PROHIBITED PROVISION OF A PHONE.
Section 1791(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (5) and (6), respectively;
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
"(4) in the case of a violation of subsection (a)(1), imprisonment for not more than 2 years, or both, if the object is specified in subsection (d)(1)(F) of this section;"; and
(3) in paragraph (5), as so redesignated, by inserting ", in the case of a violation of subsection (a)(2)," before "(d)(1)(F)".
SEC. 303. REVIEW OF POLICIES.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall--
(1) conduct a review of the policies of the Bureau of Prisons pertaining to inmates who make, possess, obtain, or attempt to make or obtain a prohibited object, as defined in section 1791(d)(1) of title 18, United States Code; and
(2) update those policies as needed to improve protections for incarcerated individuals and staff.
SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the "Combating Illicit Xylazine Act".
SEC. 402. DEFINITIONS.
(a) In General.--In this title--
(1) the term "practitioner" has the meaning given the term under section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802); and
(2) the term "xylazine" has the meaning given the term in paragraph (61) of section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act, as added by subsection (b) of this section.
(b) Controlled Substances Act.--Section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(61) The term `xylazine' means the substance xylazine, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible.".
SEC. 403. ADDING XYLAZINE TO SCHEDULE III.
Schedule III of section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(f) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of xylazine.".
SEC. 404. AMENDMENTS.
(a) Amendment.--Section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802) is amended by striking paragraph (27) and inserting the following:
"(27)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term `ultimate user' means a person who has lawfully obtained, and who possesses, a controlled substance for the use by the person or for the use of a member of the household of the person or for an animal owned by the person or by a member of the household of the person.
"(B)(i) In the case of xylazine, other than for a drug product approved under subsection (b) or (j) of section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 355), the term `ultimate user' means a person--
"(I) to whom xylazine was dispensed by--
"(aa) a veterinarian registered under this Act; or
"(bb) a pharmacy registered under this Act pursuant to a prescription of a veterinarian registered under this Act; and
"(II) who possesses xylazine for--
"(aa) an animal owned by the person or by a member of the household of the person;
"(bb) an animal under the care of the person;
"(cc) use in government animal-control programs authorized under applicable Federal, State, Tribal, or local law; or
"(dd) use in wildlife programs authorized under applicable Federal, State, Tribal, or local law.
"(ii) In this subparagraph, the term `person' includes--
"(I) a government agency or business where animals are located; and
"(II) an employee or agent of an agency or business acting within the scope of their employment or agency.".
(b) Facilities.--An entity that manufactures xylazine, as of the date of enactment of this Act, shall not be required to make capital expenditures necessary to install the security standard required of schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) for the purposes of manufacturing xylazine.
(c) Labeling.--The requirements related to labeling, packaging, and distribution logistics of a controlled substance in schedule III of section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)) shall not take effect for xylazine until the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.
(d) Practitioner Registration.--The requirements related to practitioner registration, inventory, and recordkeeping of a controlled substance in schedule III of section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)) shall not take effect for xylazine until the date that is 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act. A practitioner that has applied for registration during the 60-day period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act may continue their lawful activities until such application is approved or denied.
(e) Manufacturer Transition.--The Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration shall facilitate and expedite the relevant manufacturer submissions or applications required by the placement of xylazine on schedule III of section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)).
(f) Clarification.--Nothing in this section, or the amendments made by this section, shall be construed to require the registration of an ultimate user of xylazine under the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) in order to possess xylazine in accordance with subparagraph (B) of section 102(27) of that Act (21 U.S.C. 802(27)), as added by subsection (a) of this section.
SEC. 405. ARCOS TRACKING.
Section 307(i) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 827(i)) is amended--
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
(A) by inserting "or xylazine" after "gamma hydroxybutyric acid";
(B) by inserting "or 512" after "section 505"; and
(C) by inserting "respectively," after "the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act,"; and
(2) in paragraph (6), by inserting "and xylazine" after "gamma hydroxybutyric acid".
SEC. 406. SENTENCING COMMISSION.
Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title 28, United States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and, if appropriate, amend its sentencing guidelines, policy statements, and official commentary applicable to persons convicted of an offense under section 401 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841) or section 1010 of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960) to provide appropriate penalties for offenses involving xylazine that are consistent with the amendments made by this title. In carrying out this section, the Commission should consider the common forms of xylazine as well as its use alongside other scheduled substances.
SEC. 407. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON XYLAZINE.
(a) Control Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, acting through the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration and in coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall submit to Congress a report with an assessment of the factors listed in section 201(c) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 811(c)) for xylazine, which includes a scientific and medical evaluation and recommendations from the Secretary of Health and Human Services and a law enforcement and abuse evaluation by the Drug Enforcement Administration.
(2) Requirements.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall--
(A) include the full text of the scientific and medical evaluation and recommendations regarding whether xylazine should be controlled as a controlled substance, submitted by the Secretary of Health and Human Services to the Attorney General pursuant to section 201(b) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 811(b)) on or before December 31, 2025; and
(B) be published on the websites of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Justice.
(b) Initial Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, acting through the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration and in coordination with the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall submit to Congress a report on the prevalence of illicit use of xylazine in the United States and the impacts of such use, including--
(1) where the drug is being diverted;
(2) where the drug is originating; and
(3) whether any analogues to xylazine, or related or derivative substances, exist and present a substantial risk of abuse.
(c) Additional Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, acting through the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration and in coordination with the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall submit to Congress a report updating Congress
on the prevalence and proliferation of xylazine trafficking and misuse in the United States.
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SA 6580. Mr. GRASSLEY submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (5,433 characters)
At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SEC. __. COUNTER-UAS AUTHORITY.
Section 210G of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 124n) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
"(3) Authority of the marshal of the united states supreme court.--Notwithstanding section 46502 of title 49, United States Code, or sections 32, 1030, 1367 and chapters 119 and 206 of title 18, United States Code, notwithstanding the laws of any particular State, local, Tribal, or territorial jurisdiction, and after completing the training required under subsection (d)(4), the Marshal of the Supreme Court may take and may authorize personnel with assigned duties that include the security or protection of the Chief Justice or any Associate Justice of the Supreme Court to take such actions as are described in subsection (b)(1)(A) that are necessary to detect, identify, monitor, or track a credible threat that an unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft poses to the safety or security of the Chief Justice or any Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on the grounds of the Supreme Court, property leased for use by the Supreme Court, or at the residence of the Chief Justice or any Associate Justice.";
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by striking "The Secretary" and inserting:
"(A) In general.--The Secretary"; and
(ii) by adding at the end the following:
"(B) Marshal of the supreme court.--The Marshal of the Supreme Court shall develop for the Supreme Court Police the actions described in paragraph (1) in coordination with the Secretary of Transportation.";
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking "and the Attorney General" and inserting ", the Attorney General, and the Marshal of the Supreme Court"; and
(C) in paragraph (4), by striking "and the Attorney General" and inserting ", the Attorney General, and the Marshal of the Supreme Court";
(3) in subsection (d)--
(A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
"(1) In general.--
"(A) Agency guidance.--The Secretary, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of Transportation may prescribe regulations and shall issue guidance in the respective areas of the Secretary, the Attorney General, or the Secretary of Transportation to carry out this section, including guidance relating to actions carried out by any State, local, Tribal, or territorial law enforcement or correctional agency under this section.
"(B) Supreme court.--The Marshal of the Supreme Court shall prescribe regulations and issue guidance, in coordination with the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of Transportation, that are consistent with regulations prescribed and guidance issued by the Secretary, Attorney General, or Secretary of Transportation under subparagraph (A).";
(B) in paragraph (3)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking "and the Attorney General" and inserting ", the Attorney General, and the Marshal of the Supreme Court"; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking "and the Attorney General" and inserting ", the Attorney General, and the Marshal of the Supreme Court"; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
"(4) Marshal of the supreme court training and certification.--The Marshal of the Supreme Court and any personnel of the Marshal of the Supreme Court shall be subject to the same training and certification requirements relating to the detection, identification, monitoring, and tracking of unmanned aircraft as personnel of the Department of Homeland Security.";
(4) in subsection (e)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking "each Secretary, the Attorney General" and inserting "the Secretary, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Transportation, the Marshal of the Supreme Court";
(B) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by inserting "the Marshal of the Supreme Court," after "the Attorney General,"; and
(ii) by striking "determine" and inserting "determines";
(C) in paragraph (4)--
(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
(I) by inserting a comma after "Security"; and
(II) by inserting "the Supreme Court Police," after "Justice,"; and
(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking "and the Department of Justice" and inserting ", the Department of Justice, or the Supreme Court Police"; and
(D) in paragraph (5), by striking "and the Department of Justice" and inserting ", the Department of Justice, and the Supreme Court Police";
(5) in subsection (g)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "and the Attorney General" and inserting ", the Attorney General, and the Marshal of the Supreme Court";
(B) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by inserting "the Marshall of the Supreme Court," after "the Attorney General," each place the term appears; and
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking "or the Department of Homeland Security" and inserting ", the Department of Homeland Security, or the Supreme Court Police"; and
(C) in paragraph (5), by striking "and the Attorney General" and inserting ", the Attorney General, and the Marshal of the Supreme Court";
(6) in subsection (h)(1), by striking "or the Attorney General" and inserting ", the Attorney General, or the Marshal of the Supreme Court"; and
(7) in subsection (j), by adding at the end the following:
"(3) Marshal of the united states supreme court.--The authority of the Marshal of the Supreme Court to carry out actions with respect to subsection (a)(3) shall terminate on September 30, 2031.".
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SA 6581. Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself and Mr. Durbin) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (6,787 characters)
At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SEC. ___. PROTECTING FIRST RESPONDERS FROM SECONDARY EXPOSURE
ACT OF 2026.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the "Protecting First Responders from Secondary Exposure Act of 2026".
(b) Preventing First Responder Secondary Exposure to Fentanyl.--Section 3021(a) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10701(a)) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (10) as paragraphs (5) through (11), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
"(4) Providing training and resources for first responders on the use of containment devices to prevent secondary exposure to fentanyl and other potentially lethal substances, and purchasing such containment devices for use by first responders.".
SEC. ___. RETIRED LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS CONTINUING SERVICE
ACT.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the "Retired Law Enforcement Officers Continuing Service Act".
(b) Grant Program.--Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 3061. DEFINITIONS.
"In this part:
"(1) Civilian law enforcement task.--The term `civilian law enforcement task'--
"(A) includes--
"(i) assisting in homicide investigations;
"(ii) assisting in carjacking investigations;
"(iii) assisting in financial crimes investigations;
"(iv) assisting in compliance with reporting requirements;
"(v) reviewing camera footage;
"(vi) crime scene analysis;
"(vii) forensics analysis; and
"(viii) providing expertise in computers, computer networks, information technology, or the internet; and
"(B) does not include the ability to make arrests or use force under the color of law.
"(2) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means a State, local, Tribal, or territorial law enforcement agency that certifies that retired law enforcement personnel hired using amounts from a grant under this part--
"(A) have appropriate and reasonably current training and experience to effectively carry out the tasks described in section 3062(a); or
"(B) will participate in appropriate continuing education programs to satisfy subparagraph (A).
"SEC. 3062. GRANTS AUTHORIZED.
"(a) In General.--The Attorney General may award grants to eligible entities for the purpose of hiring retired personnel from law enforcement agencies to--
"(1) train civilian employees of the eligible entity on civilian law enforcement tasks that can be performed on behalf of a law enforcement agency; and
"(2) perform civilian law enforcement tasks on behalf of the eligible entity.
"(b) Disciplinary Records.--
"(1) In general.--An eligible entity receiving a grant under subsection (a) shall make a good faith effort to determine whether a retired law enforcement officer seeking to be
hired by the eligible entity using amounts from a grant under this part has a disciplinary record or an internal investigation record by--
"(A) conducting a search of the National Decertification Index; or
"(B) requesting the personnel record of the retired law enforcement officer from each law enforcement agency that employed the retired law enforcement officer.
"(2) Hiring determinations.--Before making any hiring determination, the highest ranking law enforcement officer of an eligible entity receiving a grant under subsection (a) or a designee of that law enforcement officer shall review any findings of misconduct that arise as a result of a search or request conducted pursuant to paragraph (1).
"SEC. 3063. ACCOUNTABILITY PROVISIONS.
"(a) In General.--A grant awarded under this part shall be subject to the accountability requirements of this section.
"(b) Audit Requirement.--
"(1) Definition.--In this subsection, the term `unresolved audit finding' means a finding in a final audit report of the Inspector General of the Department of Justice that an audited grantee has used grant funds for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost that is not closed or resolved within 12 months from the date when the final audit report is issued.
"(2) Audits.--Beginning in the first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of the Retired Law Enforcement Officers Continuing Service Act, and in each fiscal year thereafter, the Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall conduct audits of recipients of grants under this part to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of funds by grantees. The Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall determine the appropriate number of grantees to be audited each year.
"(3) Mandatory exclusion.--A recipient of grant funds under this part that is found to have an unresolved audit finding shall not be eligible to receive grant funds under this part during the first 2 fiscal years beginning after the end of the 12-month period described in paragraph (1).
"(4) Priority.--In awarding grants under this part, the Attorney General shall give priority to eligible entities that did not have an unresolved audit finding during the 3 fiscal years before submitting an application for a grant under this part.
"(c) Annual Certification.--Beginning in the fiscal year during which audits commence under subsection (b)(2), the Attorney General shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives an annual certification--
"(1) indicating whether--
"(A) all audits issued by the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Justice under subsection (b) have been completed and reviewed by the appropriate Assistant Attorney General or Director; and
"(B) all mandatory exclusions required under subsection (b)(3) have been issued; and
"(2) that includes a list of any grant recipients excluded under subsection (b)(3) from the previous year.
"(d) Preventing Duplicative Grants.--
"(1) In general.--Before the Attorney General awards a grant to an eligible entity under this part, the Attorney General shall compare potential grant awards with other grants awarded by the Attorney General to determine if grant awards are or have been awarded for a similar purpose.
"(2) Report.--If the Attorney General awards grants to the same applicant for a similar purpose, the Attorney General shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report that includes--
"(A) a list of all such grants awarded, including the total dollar amount of any such grants awarded; and
"(B) the reason the Attorney General awarded multiple grants to the same applicant for a similar purpose.".
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SA 6582. Mr. CRAMER submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (676 characters)
At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1271. EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY OF EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF
THE UNITED STATES.
(a) In General.--Section 7 of the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635f) is amended by striking "2026" and inserting "2036".
(b) Aggregate Loan, Guarantee, and Insurance Authority.--Section 6(a)(2) of the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635e(a)(2)) is amended by striking "2027" and inserting "2037".
(c) Program on China and Transformational Exports.--Section 2(l)(3)(C) of the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635(l)(3)(C)) is amended by striking "2026" each place it appears and inserting "2036".
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SA 6583. Mr. SCHMITT submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (3,193 characters)
At the end of subtitle D of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1252. STRATEGY TO ENHANCE DEFENSE COOPERATION WITH NEW
ZEALAND.
(a) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a strategy to enhance defense cooperation between the United States and New Zealand.
(b) Purposes.--The purposes of the strategy required by subsection (a) are--
(1) to strengthen the defense relationship between the United States and New Zealand;
(2) to improve bilateral and multilateral military interoperability, support security, and stability in the Indo-Pacific region;
(3) to expand cooperation on space, and advanced defense and aerospace capabilities; and
(4) to identify concrete actions to address shared security challenges in the Pacific and Antarctic regions.
(c) Elements.--The strategy required by subsection (a) shall include the following:
(1) An assessment of the current state of United States defense cooperation with New Zealand, including defense dialogues, military-to-military engagements, information sharing, combined exercises, port visits, personnel exchanges, and other bilateral or multilateral activities.
(2) A roadmap to expand military interoperability between the United States and New Zealand, including through increased participation in joint and combined exercises, expanded staff exchanges, improved operational planning, and greater coordination with Australia and other regional allies and partners.
(3) An assessment of opportunities to expand defense industrial base cooperation between the United States and New Zealand, including with respect to secure supply chains, aviation sustainment, munitions, maintenance and repair capacity, trusted vendors, and the integration of New Zealand industry into allied defense supply chains, as appropriate.
(4) An assessment of opportunities to strengthen logistics cooperation with New Zealand in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, including through the Joint Logistics Pool, Christchurch gateway operations, support for McMurdo Station and Scott Base, cold-weather operations, airlift and sealift coordination, medical evacuation, search and rescue, communications, domain awareness, infrastructure resilience, and contingency planning for disruption of access to Antarctica.
(5) A list of specific actions, timelines, responsible Department of Defense components, and resource requirements necessary to implement the strategy.
(d) Form.--The strategy required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
(e) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which the strategy required by subsection (a) is submitted, the Secretary of Defense shall provide the congressional defense committees, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives with a briefing on the strategy, including planned actions, timelines, responsible offices, resource requirements, and any legislative recommendations to enhance defense cooperation between the United States and New Zealand.
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SA 6584. Mr. SCHMITT submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (2,087 characters)
At the end of subtitle D of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1252. FAST-TRACKING THIRD PARTY TRANSFERS TO TAIWAN AND
THE PHILIPPINES.
(a) Procedure for Transfer of Certain Defense Articles.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, with updates not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with coordinating entities such as the National Disclosure Policy Committee, the Arms Transfer and Technology Release Senior Steering Group, and other relevant entities, shall institute a procedure to expedite consideration and decisions for third party transfers and release of military platforms, technologies, and equipment to Taiwan and the Philippines.
(2) Clarification.--The procedure instituted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not supersede current or future efforts relating to
arms sales, transfers, and services to Taiwan or the Philippines.
(3) Rules of construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed--
(A) to supersede current and future congressional notification requirements under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et. seq.); or
(B) to limit or modify the requirements of section 3356 of title 22, United States Code.
(b) Interagency Policy.--The Secretary of State shall review and update interagency policies and implementation guidance related to third party transfer requests from Taiwan and the Philippines, including by incorporating the procedure instituted pursuant to subsection (a)(1).
(c) Duration.--The requirement under subsection (a)(1) shall continue until the Secretary of State determines and certifies to the relevant committees of Congress that threats to Taiwan and the Philippines have significantly abated.
(d) Third Party Transfer Defined.--In this section, the term "third party transfer" means any transfer of United States-origin defense articles, services, or technical data that requires approval of the President under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) or other applicable law.
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SA 6585. Mr. RICKETTS (for himself and Mr. Kim) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (9,783 characters)
At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. MULTILATERAL ALIGNMENT OF CONTROLS ON
SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT.
(a) Identifying Chokepoints.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall--
(1) conduct a review to identify all covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment and all covered facilities;
(2) submit to the appropriate congressional committees a list of all such equipment and facilities; and
(3) notify the public in the Federal Register when this submission has occurred.
(b) Diplomatic Engagement.--
(1) In general.--The Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State should continue to prioritize and encourage the governments of allied supplier countries to adopt--
(A) countrywide controls, or other policies that have the same practical effect as countrywide controls, on covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment that are subject to the jurisdiction of such allied supplier country; and
(B) license requirements, with a policy of presumption of denial, for the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of all applicable items to any covered facility and for the servicing of all applicable items at any covered facility.
(2) Briefing on diplomatic efforts.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State shall jointly provide to members of the appropriate congressional committees a briefing to describe the status of diplomatic efforts to align the controls on covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment imposed by allied supplier countries with the controls imposed by the United States.
(3) Certification on allied supplier countries.--Except as provided in subsection (c)(3), for each allied supplier country, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State shall jointly certify, not later than 150 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, to the appropriate congressional committees that either--
(A) the country has implemented the controls described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1); or
(B)(i) the country has not adopted the controls described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1);
(ii) the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State have prioritized and exhausted available diplomatic channels; and
(iii) continued delay would materially undermine the national security of the United States.
(c) Controls on United States Equipment and Extension of Controls.--
(1) Application of controls on united states equipment.--Not later than 150 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security shall issue regulations that--
(A) update United States countrywide controls to covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment produced in the United States; and
(B) update comprehensive United States end-user or end-use restrictions to all covered facilities located in a country of concern.
(2) Extension of controls to allied supplier countries.--
(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), for any allied supplier country for which a certification is submitted under subsection (b)(3)(B), the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security shall issue regulations, not later than the date of the submission of such certification, that--
(i) establish United States jurisdiction over covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment and applicable items exported, reexported, or in-country transferred from, or produced in, such country; and
(ii) apply--
(I) countrywide controls to all covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment produced in such country;
(II) a license requirement, subject to a presumption of denial, for the servicing of any applicable item located in a covered facility; and
(III) end-user and end-use controls prohibiting the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of an applicable item to any covered facility.
(B) Deferral for anticipated alignment.--If, on or before the deadline described in subparagraph (A), the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State jointly submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report certifying that the allied supplier country subject to subparagraph (A) has committed to adopt, or is otherwise expected to adopt, controls that have the same practical effect as those described in subsection (b)(1), the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security may issue a one-time deferral of the effective date of the regulations described in subsection (A) for a period of not longer than 30 days from the date described in subparagraph (A).
(3) National security waiver.--The Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State may jointly grant a one-time waiver to extend the 150-day deadline for the issuing of controls pursuant to paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) by not more than 90 days, if the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State jointly--
(A) submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees describing--
(i) the justification for why the deadline could not be met; and
(ii) the interim steps taken to prevent stockpiling; and
(B) determine and certify to the appropriate congressional committees that--
(i) the extension is in the national security interest of the United States; and
(ii) if applicable, the government of the allied supplier country is taking concrete, verifiable steps, pursuant to their domestic laws and regulations and as expeditiously as possible, to adopt controls that have the same practical effect as, or are more stringent than, the controls that would otherwise be imposed under paragraph (2).
(d) Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State shall jointly submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes--
(A) the scope of the export controls imposed by the United States and allied supplier countries on any covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment identified in the most recent list submitted under subsection (a);
(B) a summary of diplomatic engagements and unilateral actions undertaken by the Secretaries in the one-year period prior to the submission of the report to close any gap in countrywide controls imposed by allied supplier countries for covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment; and
(C) a certification that the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of any covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment to a country of concern, the export of any applicable items to any covered facility, and the servicing of any such item located in a country of concern is prohibited or requires a license issued by the United States or an allied supplier country, subject to a presumption of denial.
(2) Form.--Each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
(e) Nonpublication of Confidential Certifications and Reports.--
(1) In general.--The Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State, as applicable, may elect to submit to the appropriate congressional committees any certification and report described in subsection (a), (c), or (d) in a confidential manner.
(2) Committee safeguards.--The appropriate congressional committees shall take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that any certification or report submitted in a confidential manner is not made publicly available.
(f) Compliance Assistance With Extension of Controls.--Simultaneously with the issuing regulations under subsection (c)(2), the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security may provide to the principal executive officers of any company that produces covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment in the allied supplier country targeted in such regulations a letter describing the regulations and the legal obligations imposed by the regulations, including
any penalty that may be imposed under section 1760 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 ( 50 U.S.C. 4819) for a violation of such regulations.
(g) Termination and Reimposition of Controls Upon Allied Action.--
(1) Termination or modification.--The Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security may terminate or modify any regulation issued under subsection (c)(2), if the country has established controls, including licensing policies, that have the same practical effect as the regulation to be terminated or modified.
(2) Reimposition.--If, after terminating or modifying a control under paragraph (1), the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security determines that the allied supplier country has materially weakened, suspended, or revoked the control that justified the termination or modification under paragraph (1), the Under Secretary shall, not later than 60 days after making such determination--
(A) notify the appropriate congressional committees of such determination; and
(B) reimpose the control under subsection (c)(2) that was terminated or modified under paragraph (1).
(h) Administrative Procedures.--The provisions of section 1762 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4821) shall apply to this section in the same manner and to the same extent as such provisions apply to the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C.
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4801 et seq.).
(i) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) The term "advanced-node integrated circuits" has the meaning given that term in section 772.1 of the Export Administration Regulations as in effect on January 1, 2026.
(2) The term "allied supplier country" means any country that--
(A) is not a country of concern; and
(B) is engaged in the production of covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment.
(3) The term "applicable item" means any item that is or can be made subject to the Export Administration Regulations, including--
(A) a United States-origin item;
(B) a foreign-produced item that is the direct product of, or produced by plants or major components that are the direct product of, United States-origin software or technology subject to the Export Administration Regulations;
(C) a foreign-produced item with more than zero percent de minimis United States-origin content; and
(D) a foreign-produced item that contains United States-origin or foreign-produced integrated circuits that are presumptively designed or produced, directly or indirectly, with technology, software, or equipment that is subject to the Export Administration Regulations.
(4) The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(5) The term "capabilities comparable to those of the product sold by the global market leader" means, considering cost, throughput, reliability, precision, and any other relevant factors, advanced-node integrated circuit makers headquartered outside of countries of concern, when selecting a tool for use in high-volume manufacturing, would be indifferent about using, or would prefer to use, the tool produced by the country of concern, rather than a tool sold by the company with the greatest share of the global market for tools used to accomplish the same function.
(6) The term "country of concern" has the meaning given the term "covered nation" in section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code.
(7) The term "countrywide controls" means, with respect to semiconductor manufacturing equipment, a licensing requirements, with a policy of presumption of denial, for the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of the item to or in a country of concern, and a licensing requirement, with a policy of presumption of denial, for the servicing of the item located in a country of concern, excluding exports, reexports, in-country transfers or servicing where the destination is a fabrication facility that existed as of the date of the enactment of this Act and remains owned and operated by a company headquartered, and the ultimate parent company of which is headquartered, outside of any country of concern.
(8) The term "covered facility" means--
(A) a facility engaged in the production of advanced-node integrated circuits which is owned or operated by an entity headquartered in, or whose ultimate parent company is headquartered in, a country of concern; or
(B) any facility owned or operated by, or in common ownership or control with--
(i) Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation;
(ii) Hua Hong Semiconductor Limited;
(iii) Huawei Technologies Company;
(iv) ChangXin Memory Technologies;
(v) Yangtze Memory Technologies Corporation;
(vi) any producer, manufacturer, or developer of semiconductor manufacturing equipment that is headquartered in, or the ultimate parent company of which is headquartered in, a country of concern; or
(vii) any entity that is a subsidiary or affiliate of or a successor to any entity described in clauses (i) through (vi).
(9) The term "covered semiconductor manufacturing equipment"--
(A) means semiconductor manufacturing equipment or a component therefor that--
(i) is an applicable item; and
(ii) the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State jointly determine that no country of concern produces in sufficient volumes and with capabilities comparable to those of the product sold by the global market leader, as of the date of the enactment of this Act; and
(B) includes, at a minimum--
(i) all deep ultraviolet immersion photolithography machines, through silicon via deposition and etch tools, cryogenic etch equipment, and cobalt deposition equipment; and
(ii) all semiconductor manufacturing equipment or components specified in Export Control Classification Number 3B001 or 3B002, or equipment meeting the parameters of Export Control Classification Number 3B993.f.1 (excluding the parameters described in 3B993.F.1.b2), as in effect on January 1, 2026, except any item the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security and the Secretary of State jointly determine does not meet the requirements of subparagraph (A).
(10) The terms "export", "in-country transfer", "reexport", and "Export Administration Regulations" have the meanings given such terms in section 1742 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801).
(11) The term "in sufficient volumes" means in volumes sufficient to meet 75 percent of current demand from all countries of concern.
(12) The term "servicing" means any servicing of equipment or components, whether in-person or remote, including installation, calibration, repair, overhauling, refurbishing, testing, diagnosing, updating software or firmware, training, field services, application support engineering, customization, technical assistance, process adjustments, troubleshooting, and transfer of industry best practices for maintenance.
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SA 6586. Mr. TUBERVILLE (for himself and Ms. Lummis) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:
SEC. ___. REPORT ON THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF BITCOIN FOR
UNITED STATES NATIONAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(1) Bitcoin is emerging as a strategically significant monetary asset, with a fixed supply, increasing adoption, and growing relevance in sovereign reserve policy--posing both opportunities and risks to United States national economic security and the international financial system anchored by the dollar;
(2) adversarial and allied nation-states are accelerating efforts to accumulate Bitcoin--directly and through affiliated entities--raising the possibility of long-term geoeconomic and game-theoretic competition over strategic access to a scarce monetary resource, with implications for deterrence, financial sovereignty, and the credibility of United States economic power; and
(3) a comprehensive Department of Defense assessment is necessary to evaluate the strategic implications of global Bitcoin accumulation, identify potential risks and opportunities for integrated United States statecraft, and inform future interagency actions to preserve national and economic security in the digital asset era.
(b) Report Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a report on Bitcoin's strategic implications for the United States and recommended courses of action.
(2) Scope.--The report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall, at a minimum, include the following:
(A) Global accumulation analysis.--A detailed assessment of the current and planned accumulation of Bitcoin by nation states and nation state-affiliated entities, including sovereign wealth funds, state-owned enterprises, and individual national leaders, as well as related policy and adoption trends.
(B) Comparative united states position.--An analysis of present and planned United States Government Bitcoin holdings compared both to other nations' holdings of Bitcoin and to nation state holdings of gold.
(C) Net assessment.--An evaluation of the strategic advantages and disadvantages for United States national and economic security of holding a greater share of Bitcoin than any other nation.
(D) Game theoretic dynamics.--An examination of the competitive dynamics likely to emerge as nation states increase Bitcoin accumulation as a sovereign reserve asset.
(E) Legal and policy review.--A review of Department of Defense authorities, policies, regulations, and contractual rules that govern or constrain any Department of Defense component or contractor in receiving, holding, acquiring, disposing, transacting, or otherwise lawfully using Bitcoin.
(F) Integrated statecraft recommendations.--Concrete recommendations for leveraging Bitcoin across diplomatic, informational, military, economic, financial, intelligence, and law enforcement (DIME FIL) instruments of national power.
(c) Coordination and Contributors.--
(1) In general.--In preparing the report required by subsection (b)(1), the Secretary shall coordinate through the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and shall incorporate input from--
(A) combatant commands;
(B) Department organizations with economic security or financial warfare responsibilities and expertise, including the Office of Strategic Capital and the Office of Expanded Competition; and
(C) the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security.
(2) Consultation.--In preparing the report required by subsection (b)(1), the Secretary shall consult, as the Secretary considers appropriate, with--
(A) the Executive Director of the President's Working Group on Digital Asset Markets;
(B) the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers; and
(C) other interagency partners with relevant expertise.
(3) Solicitation of data, analysis, and assessment support.--The Secretary may solicit data, analysis, and assessment support from nongovernmental organizations, academia, and industry consistent with applicable procurement and security regulations.
(d) Form of Report.--The report required by subsection (b)(1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex to address sensitive intelligence, operational plans, or proprietary data.
(e) Definition of Bitcoin.--In this section, the term "Bitcoin" means the cryptographically secured digital asset native to the Bitcoin public blockchain network, identified by the ticker symbol "BTC". Such term does not include any fork or derivative network that is not in consensus with the canonical Bitcoin blockchain.
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SA 6587. Mr. TUBERVILLE (for himself, Mr. Ricketts, and Mr. Banks) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SEC. _____. REPEALING BIG BROTHER OVERREACH ACT.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the "Repealing Big Brother Overreach Act".
(b) Repeal.--
(1) In general.--The Corporate Transparency Act (title LXIV of division F of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283; 134 Stat. 4604)) and the amendments made by that Act are repealed.
(2) Technical and conforming amendments.--
(A) Title 31, United States Code, is amended--
(i) in section 5321(a)--
(I) in paragraph (1), by striking "sections 5314, 5315, and 5336" each place the term appears and inserting "sections 5314 and 5315"; and
(II) in paragraph (6), by striking "(except section 5336)" each place the term appears; and
(ii) in section 5322, by striking "section 5315, 5324, or 5336" each place the term appears and inserting "section 5315 or 5324".
(B) Title LXV of the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (division F of the of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283; 134 Stat. 4604)) is amended--
(i) by repealing section 6502 (134 Stat. 4626); and
(ii) in section 6509 (134 Stat. 4633)--
(I) by striking "(a) In General.--Subsection (l)" and inserting "Subsection (l)"; and
(II) by striking subsection (b).
SA 6588. Mr. KELLY (for himself and Mr. Tillis) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle D of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1037. WAIVER OF CERTAIN FEES FOR DESIGNATED INDIAN
TRIBAL MEMBERS AND RELATIVES.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Homeland Security may waive any fees incurred by members or relatives of a federally recognized Indian tribe in connection with, or incidental to, the ongoing implementation of the memorandum of Support to Tribes at or near the U.S. Southwest Border, issued on December 4, 2023 by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
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SA 6589. Mr. KIM submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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SEC. ___. ASSESSMENT OF FEASIBILITY AND ADVISABILITY OF A
DEFENSE DIGITAL ENGINEERING CENTER OF
EXCELLENCE FOR MODEL-BASED ACQUISITION, SECURE
DATA TRANSFER, AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.
(a) Assessment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, assess the feasibility and advisability of establishing a center of excellence (in this section referred to as the "Center") at an accredited institution of higher education located within an established defense innovation corridor that maintains--
(1) active defense research programs across not fewer than two military departments;
(2) an operational digital engineering hub or equivalent facility;
(3) a planned or existing facility with the capability to achieve sensitive compartmented information facility (SCIF) accreditation; and
(4) demonstrated capability in model-based systems engineering, additive manufacturing for defense applications, and cybersecurity.
(b) Mission.--The Center shall serve as a nationally designated hub for the following three interconnected defense digital engineering pillars:
(1) Secure data transfer and digital engineering.--(A) The Center shall assess the feasibility and advisability of establishing an accredited secure data transfer capability to serve as a trusted intermediary for the exchange of model-based digital engineering artifacts between military laboratories, shipyards, operational platforms, government agencies, and industry partners.
(B) Such capability would support both large-scale digital engineering programs, including programs of record, and smaller-scale initiatives such as additive manufacturing digital thread applications for equipment obsolescence management.
(C) The Center shall develop and maintain interoperability standards for digital artifact exchange that are compatible with existing and emerging Department of Defense data architectures.
(2) Model-based acquisition pilot program.--(A) The Secretary, in coordination with the Center, shall establish a pilot program to develop and test model-based technical data packages for not fewer than one naval acquisition program of record.
(B) The pilot program shall demonstrate a continuous digital thread from requirements development through design, construction, and sustainment, with the objective of eliminating duplicative data recreation by government and industry stakeholders.
(C) The Center shall develop reference architectures, data exchange standards, and interoperability protocols for model-based Technical Data Packages in coordination with the Naval Sea Systems Command, relevant Program Executive Offices, and industry partners.
(D) Not later than two years after the establishment of the pilot program, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report evaluating the cost savings, schedule improvements, and technical quality improvements achieved relative to static, document-centric acquisition processes.
(3) Workforce development program.--(A) The Center shall develop and deliver role-specific digital engineering training programs for Department of Defense leadership and management personnel.
(B) Such programs shall be designed at not fewer than three proficiency levels--
(i) executive level, for flag and general officers, Senior Executive Service personnel, and program executive officers;
(ii) program management level, for program managers, ship design managers, and design integration managers; and
(iii) working level, for systems engineers, requirements management personnel, and technical warrant holders.
(C) The Center may award certificates of completion and shall coordinate with the Defense Acquisition University to ensure such programs satisfy continuing education and certification requirements under chapter 87 of title 10, United States Code.
(c) Coordination.--The Center shall coordinate with--
(1) the Office of the Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense;
(2) the Defense Acquisition University;
(3) the Defense Innovation Unit;
(4) relevant Federally funded research and development centers; and
(5) private sector industry partners, including shipbuilders, defense contractors, and technology firms.
(d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the findings of the Secretary under this section.
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SA 6590. Mr. KIM (for himself and Mr. Booker) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in title II, insert the following:
SEC. ____. PILOT PROGRAM FOR ONE-WAY AND COUNTER-UNMANNED
AIRCRAFT SYSTEM DRONE TESTBED.
(a) Pilot Program Authorized.--The Secretary of the Army may establish a pilot program to test, evaluate, and demonstrate the integration of approved munition payloads with approved unmanned aircraft systems, including one-way unmanned aircraft systems and counter-unmanned aircraft system platforms.
(b) Purpose.--The purposes of the pilot program required by subsection (a) shall are--
(1) to accelerate the integration of modular payloads onto multiple drone platforms;
(2) to reduce time-to-field for lethal and non-lethal drone-enabled munitions capabilities;
(3) to standardize payload-to-platform interfaces; and
(4) to support rapid prototyping, validation, and transition of drone-enabled munitions into programs of record.
(c) Location.--
(1) In general.--The Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology shall determine the location or locations at which the pilot program required by subsection (a) is conducted.
(2) Considerations.--In selecting a location under paragraph (1), the Assistant Secretary shall consider--
(A) the availability of munitions and energetics subject-matter expertise, including the interface of munitions with drones;
(B) proximity to live fire testing range space and range availability, prioritizing joint base facilities; and
(C) existing infrastructure capable of supporting rapid prototyping, integration, and live-fire testing.
(d) Components.--The pilot program required by subsection (a) may include--
(1) transition and integration of common Electronic Safe and Arming Device designs;
(2) incorporation of the Picatinny Common Lethality Integration Kit and the Small Universal Payload Interface;
(3) development and standardization of technology and practices supporting payload-to-drone connectivity;
(4) prototyping, demonstration, and technology transfer of munition systems integrated with unmanned aircraft systems; and
(5) development of standardized drone interface documentation and validated integration processes for counter-unmanned aircraft system platforms, including energetic payload applications.
(e) Coordination.--In carrying out the pilot program required by subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate with the Joint Capability Program Executive for Ammunition and Energetics, Development Command (DEVCOM), relevant program executive offices, and other Department of Defense components as the Secretary considers appropriate.
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SA 6591. Mr. BLUMENTHAL submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. _____. AGREEMENT OR AWARD FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTION.
(a) In General.--Section 202 of title 9, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by adding "as modified by section 1 of this title," after "title,"; and
(2) by adding after the period at the end of the third sentence the following: "The entirety of section 1 of this title, including all of the exemptions listed in section 1, shall apply to this chapter as if specifically set forth herein.".
(b) Intent of Congress.--It is the intent of Congress that the definition of commercial in section 202 of title 9, United States Code, be limited by limiting the relationships described in section 2 of that title to those as modified by section 1 of that title, and incorporating the entirety of such section 1, including all of the exemptions in that section, into section 202 of that title.
(c) Retroactive Effect.--This section shall apply to any action or proceeding that is pending on the date of enactment of this Act and any action or proceeding initiated on or after such date of enactment.
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SA 6592. Ms. ALSOBROOKS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:
SEC. 10__. NAVY-COAST GUARD MARITIME WORKFORCE AND CAPACITY
COORDINATION PLAN.
(a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Navy and the Commandant of the Coast Guard shall establish a recurring coordination mechanism to align maritime industrial workforce requirements and capacity planning activities.
(b) Quarterly Coordination.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary of the Navy and the Commandant of the Coast Guard shall convene meetings not less frequently than once each quarter to--
(1) identify projected workforce requirements and capacity needs associated with shipbuilding, ship repair, maintenance, sustainment, and related maritime industrial activities;
(2) identify areas of overlap, competition, or resource constraints that may adversely affect the ability of either service to meet workforce and industrial base requirements;
(3) assess opportunities to coordinate workforce development activities, training pipelines, and industrial base investments; and
(4) identify actions necessary to reduce duplication and improve coordination across shared industrial sectors.
(c) 10-year Maritime Workforce and Capacity Plan.--
(1) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every two years thereafter, the Secretary of the Navy and the Commandant of the Coast Guard shall jointly submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report containing a 10-year maritime workforce and capacity plan. Each such plan shall include, for the period covered by the plan--
(A) projected workforce requirements across shipbuilding, ship repair, maintenance, sustainment, and critical supplier sectors;
(B) projected demand signals and anticipated requirements for public and private shipyards and related industrial base participants;
(C) an assessment of workforce gaps, shortages, and associated risks to the execution of shipbuilding and sustainment requirements;
(D) the identification of areas in which Navy and Coast Guard requirements may create competing demands for labor, infrastructure, or supplier capacity;
(E) recommendations for mitigating identified constraints and improving coordination between the Navy and the Coast Guard; and
(F) an assessment of actions necessary to provide industry with greater predictability regarding future workforce and capacity requirements.
(2) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which a report is submitted under paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Navy and the Commandant of the Coast Guard shall provide to the appropriate congressional committees a briefing on the plan contained in the report.
(3) Appropriate congressional committees.--In this subsection, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
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SA 6593. Ms. ALSOBROOKS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:
SEC. 10__. PILOT PROGRAM ON USE OF ADDITIVE AND ADVANCED
MANUFACTURING TO SUPPORT NAVAL SHIPBUILDING.
(a) Establishment.--The Secretary of the Navy shall conduct a pilot program through
which the Secretary shall expand the use of additive manufacturing and advanced manufacturing technologies to address supply chain constraints, production delays, and part shortages affecting naval shipbuilding and ship repair.
(b) Design of Pilot.--The Secretary shall design the pilot program to--
(1) identify shipbuilding components, replacement parts, tooling, fixtures, and other items that are constrained by limited suppliers, long lead times, obsolete production methods, or foreign dependence;
(2) evaluate the use of additive manufacturing and advanced manufacturing to produce such items in a manner that meets applicable Navy technical, safety, cybersecurity, quality assurance, and certification requirements;
(3) reduce schedule delays in ship construction, maintenance, and repair caused by shortages of parts or production capacity;
(4) strengthen domestic manufacturing capacity for naval shipbuilding; and
(5) support the development of qualification standards and repeatable certification pathways for additive manufactured shipbuilding components.
(c) Implementation.--In carrying out the pilot program, the Secretary shall--
(1) select not fewer than three classes of naval vessels for participation in the pilot program;
(2) prioritize components and parts that have demonstrated supply chain constraints, production bottlenecks, or recurring availability issues;
(3) partner with public shipyards, private shipbuilders, suppliers, and other entities within the domestic shipbuilding industrial base;
(4) support University Affiliated Research Centers, federally funded research and development centers, and other qualified technical organizations with expertise in additive manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, materials science, and industrial base modernization;
(5) establish procedures for testing, qualification, and certification of additive manufactured parts for naval use; and
(6) ensure that any technical data, digital models, or manufacturing processes developed under the pilot program are managed to support long-term Navy sustainment and avoid vendor lock-in.
(d) UARC Support.--The Secretary may enter into agreements with University Affiliated Research Centers to provide technical support for the pilot program, including support for--
(1) identifying candidate parts and components suitable for additive or advanced manufacturing;
(2) developing manufacturing processes and qualification standards;
(3) conducting materials testing and performance validation;
(4) assessing cybersecurity risks associated with digital manufacturing files and production systems;
(5) supporting workforce development and training for additive manufacturing in the naval shipbuilding industrial base; and
(6) advising the Navy on how to scale successful technologies across shipbuilding and ship repair programs.
(e) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the implementation of the pilot program, including--
(1) the ship classes, shipyards, and industrial base partners participating in the pilot program;
(2) the categories of parts or components selected for additive manufacturing or advanced manufacturing;
(3) the extent to which the pilot program has reduced lead times, production delays, costs, or supplier constraints;
(4) any barriers to qualification, certification, cybersecurity, intellectual property, or technical data rights;
(5) the role of University Affiliated Research Centers and other technical organizations in supporting the pilot program; and
(6) recommendations for expanding the use of additive and advanced manufacturing across naval shipbuilding and ship repair.
(f) Duration.--The authority under this section shall terminate on December 31, 2032.
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SA 6594. Mr. LUJAN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. NATIONAL SECURITY COMMISSION ON EMERGING SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY.
(a) Establishment.--
(1) In general.--There is hereby established, as of the date specified in paragraph (2), an independent commission in the legislative branch of the Federal Government to be known as the "Congressional National Security Commission on Emerging Science and Technology" (in this section referred to as the "Commission").
(2) Date of establishment.--The date of the establishment referred to in paragraph (1) is the earlier of--
(A) 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act; or
(B) the first day of the first Congress that commences after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(b) Membership.--
(1) Number and appointment.--The Commission shall be composed of 12 members appointed as follows:
(A) Three members appointed by the majority leader of the Senate, (after consultation with the Chairs of the Committee on Armed Services and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate), one of whom will be a member of the Senate and the other two will not.
(B) Three members appointed by the minority leader of the Senate, (after consultation with the ranking members of the Committee on Armed Services and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate), one of whom will be a member of the Senate and the other two will not.
(C) Three members appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, (after consultation with the Chairs of the Committee on Armed Services and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives), one of whom will be a member of the House of Representatives and the other two will not.
(D) Three members appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives, (after consultation with the ranking members of the Committee on Armed Services and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives), one of whom will be a member of the House of Representatives and the other two will not.
(2) Qualifications.--The members of the Commission who are not members of Congress and who are appointed under paragraph (1) (1) shall be individuals from private civilian life who are eligible to receive the appropriate security clearance to effectively execute their duties and who are recognized experts and have relevant professional experience in matters relating to--
(A) emerging science and technology research and development;
(B) use of emerging science and technology by national policy makers and military leaders;
(C) the implementation, funding, or oversight of the national security policies of the United States;
(D) foreign affairs, the Armed Forces, or other relevant aspect of United States national security policy;
(E) investment in emerging science and technology;
(F) oversight and regulation of emerging science and technology products; or
(G) the impact of science and technology on United States economic competitiveness and national security.
(c) Chair and Vice Chair.--
(1) Chair.--The majority leader of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall jointly designate one member of the Commission to serve as Chair of the Commission.
(2) Vice chair.--The minority leader of the Senate and the minority leader of the House of Representatives shall jointly designate one member of the Commission to serve as Vice Chair of the Commission.
(3) Qualification.--The Chair of the Commission shall be a member of Congress who has been appointed to serve as a member of Commission, but the Vice Chair shall not be a Member of Congress.
(d) Period of Appointment.--Appointments under subsection (b) shall have terms of appointment that are staggered in the following manner such that, starting two years after the date on which the Commission is established, one-third of the seats on the Commission will be appointed to the following:
(1) The four members of the Senate and the House of Representatives appointed to serve on the Commission shall have a term of appointment that expires two years after the date on which the Commission is established. However, those seats may then be filled in the same manner as the original appointment, and thereafter the terms of all subsequent appointments shall last for four years from the date of the last expiration of that term.
(2) The second appointment shall have a term of appointment which shall expire three years after the date on which the Commission is established. However, those seats may then be filled in the same manner as the original appointment, and thereafter the terms of all subsequent appointments shall last for four years from the date of the previous expiration of that term.
(3) The third appointment shall have a term of appointment shall expire four years after the date on which the Commission is established. However, those seats may then be filled in the same manner as the original appointment, and thereafter the terms of all subsequent appointments shall last for four years from the date of the last expiration of that term.
(e) Purpose.--The purposes of the Commission are--
(1) to examine and make recommendations with respect to emerging science and technology as they pertain to current and future national security missions and activities of the United States;
(2) to ensure the position of the United States as a leading source of scientific innovation; and
(3) to evaluate and make recommendations with respect to the implications of emerging science and technology as they pertain to changes to the economy of the United States caused by the adoption of emerging science and technology.
(f) Scope and Duties.--
(1) In general.--Subject to the requirements of paragraph (4), the Commission shall carry out a review of advances in emerging science and technology. In carrying out such review, the Commission shall consider the methods, means, and investments necessary to advance and secure the development of emerging science and technology by the United States to comprehensively address the national security and defense needs of the United States.
(2) Scope of the review.--In conducting a review described in paragraph (1), the Commission shall consider the following:
(A) Associated ethical, legal, social, and environmental considerations related to emerging science and technology as they will be used for future applications related to national security and defense.
(B) Opportunities to strengthen and expand the domestic emerging technology sector.
(C) Necessary adaptations to national defense strategies to address capabilities, risks, and disruptions arising from emerging technologies.
(3) Additional matters for review.--The Commission may also consider at its discretion any matters that are referred to the Commission for examination by--
(A) either the Chair or Ranking Member of the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
(B) either the Chair or Vice Chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
(C) either the majority leader or the minority leader of the Senate;
(D) either the Chair or Ranking Member of the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives;
(E) either the Chair or Ranking Member of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and
(F) either the Speaker of the House of Representatives or the minority leader of the House of Representatives.
(4) Coordination with appropriate congressional committees.--
(A) In general.--In carrying out its duties under this subsection, the Commission shall work in close coordination with the appropriate congressional committees to identify, prioritize, and scope topics for review and shall consult with the appropriate congressional committees to ensure alignment with the national security priorities and oversight interests of such committees.
(B) Ongoing engagement.--Throughout the conduct of any review under this subsection, the Commission shall provide regular updates to the appropriate congressional committees and shall solicit ongoing input to ensure that the work of the Commission remains responsive to the legislative and oversight needs of Congress.
(C) Briefings.--Upon the request of the Chair or Ranking Member of any of the appropriate congressional committees, the Commission shall provide to the committee a briefing on the status, findings, or recommendations of any review underway or completed under this subsection.
(D) Limitation.--The Commission shall not initiate a review of a topic under this subsection without first obtaining the approval of the Chair and Ranking Member of each of the appropriate congressional committees.
(E) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this paragraph, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(i) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
(ii) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
(iii) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives; and
(iv) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
(g) Commission Reports and Recommendations.--
(1) Annual submittal.--Every year, not later than February 1, the Commission shall submit to Congress an annual report on the findings of the Commission and such recommendations that the Commission may have for legislative or administrative action.
(2) Intermittent submittal.--The Commission may submit to Congress findings and recommendations throughout the year, as the members of the Commission and Executive Director of the Commission consider appropriate.
(3) Statutory language.--Recommendations for legislative action submitted by the Commission under this subsection shall include proposed statutory language.
(4) Form.--Each annual report submitted under paragraph (1) and other papers submitted under this subsection shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include classified annexes.
(h) Government Cooperation.--
(1) Cooperation.--In carrying out its duties, the Commission shall receive the full and timely cooperation of the Secretary of Defense and other Federal departments and agencies in providing the Commission with analysis, briefings, and other information necessary for the fulfillment of its responsibilities, subject to classified information security and access guidelines.
(2) Liaison.--The Secretary of Defense shall designate at least one officer or employee of the Department of Defense to serve as a liaison officer between the Department and the Commission.
(3) Detailees.--The Secretary of Defense and the heads of other departments and agencies of the Federal Government may provide, and the Commission may accept and employ, personnel detailed from the Department of Defense and such other departments and agencies, without reimbursement.
(4) Facilitation.--
(A) Independent, nongovernmental institute.--Not later than 45 days after the Commission establishment date specified in subsection (a)(2), the Secretary of Defense may make available to the Commission the services of an independent, nongovernmental institute described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code, that has recognized credentials and expertise in national security and military affairs in order to facilitate the Commission's discharge of its duties under this section.
(B) Federally funded research and development center.--On request of the Commission, the Secretary of Defense shall make available the services of federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) that are covered by sponsoring agreements of the Department of Defense in order to enhance the Commission's efforts to discharge its duties under this section.
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The Secretary of Defense shall, on a reimbursable basis, facilitate the Commission with entering into contracts with the federally funded research and development centers of the Commission's choice.
(5) Expedition of security clearances.--(A) The Office of Senate Security and the Office of House Security shall ensure the expedited processing of appropriate security clearances under processes developed for the clearance of employees of the legislative branch of the Federal Government for any personnel appointed to the Commission by their respective offices of the Senate and House of Representatives and any personnel appointed by the Executive Director appointed under subsection (i).
(B) The Washington Headquarters Services shall, consistent with its authority under Department of Defense Directive 5110.04 (relating to Washington Headquarters Services), or successor directive, coordinate with relevant departments and agencies of the executive branch of the Federal Government to ensure the expedited processing of appropriate security clearances for members and employees of the Commission.
(i) Personnel Matters.--
(1) Status as federal employees.--Notwithstanding the requirements of section 2105 of title 5, United States Code, including the required supervision under subsection (a)(3) of such section, any member of the Commission who is not a member of Congress shall be considered to be an employee of the legislative branch of the Federal Government.
(2) Executive director.--The Commission shall appoint and fix the rate of basic pay for an Executive Director in accordance with section 3161(d) of title 5, United States Code.
(3) Pay.--The Executive Director may appoint and fix the rate of basic pay for additional personnel as staff of the Commission in accordance with section 3161(d) of title 5, United States Code.
(4) Authority to procure personnel services.--The Commission may--
(A) procure the services of experts or consultants (or of organizations of experts or consultants) in accordance with the provisions of section 3109 of title 5, United States Code; and
(B) pay in connection with such services travel expenses of individuals, including transportation and per diem in lieu of subsistence, while such individuals are traveling from their homes or places of business to duty stations.
(5) Maximum daily pay rates.--The daily rate paid an expert or consultant procured pursuant to paragraph (1) may not exceed the daily rate paid a person occupying a position at level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code.
(6) Exemption.--Members of the Commission and employees of the Commission shall be exempt from the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 201 et seq.) and the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.).
(7) Pay.--The pay of each employee of the Commission and any member of the Commission who receives pay in accordance with paragraph (1) shall be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate.
(j) Ethics.--
(1) Authority to accept gifts.--The Commission may accept, use, and dispose of gifts or donations of services, goods, and property from non-Federal entities for the purposes of aiding and facilitating the work of the Commission. The authority in this paragraph does not extend to gifts of money. Gifts accepted under this paragraph shall be documented, and conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest shall be avoided.
(2) Compliance by members of congress.--Subject to the authority in this section, members of the Commission who are members of Congress shall continue to comply with rules set forth by the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate and the Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives.
(3) Reporting.--For purposes of title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.), each member of the Commission who is not a member of Congress and
each employee of the Commission shall be deemed to be an officer or employee of the Congress (as defined in section 109(13) of such title) and shall file any report required to be filed by such member or such employee (including by virtue of the application of subsection (g)(1)) under subchapter I of chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the "Ethics in Government Act of 1978") with the Secretary of the Senate.
(k) Legislative Advisory Committee.--The Commission shall operate as a legislative advisory committee and shall be exempt from section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the "Freedom of Information Act") and chapter 10 of title 5 (commonly known as the "Federal Advisory Committee Act"). The Commission may acquire information through whatever fora the Commissioners deem necessary to effectively execute their duties.
(l) Provision of Services.--To the extent funds are available--
(1) the Commission shall acquire, or the Architect of the Capitol shall provide to the Commission (on a reimbursable basis) leased office space; and
(2) the Commission may procure contracting services, administrative support, office supplies, and other administrative supplies and equipment for Commission use.
(m) Use of Government Information.--
(1) In general.--The Commission may secure directly from any department or agency of the Federal Government such information as the Commission considers necessary to carry out its duties. Upon such request of the chair of the Commission, the head of such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Commission.
(2) Classified information.--Such information to be provided by a department or agency of the Federal Government shall include any classified information the Commission considers necessary to carry out its duties, but which shall be provided in a manner consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods and consistent with classified information security and access guidelines. The Executive Director of the Commission shall take care to protect classified information by limiting access only to those Commissioners and employees of the Commission who need access to such information and possess appropriate clearances.
(3) Access to resources.--The Commission will have explicit access to all resources provided to congressional staff, including the Government Accountability Office, the Congressional Research Service, the Office of the Legislative Counsel, and the Congressional Budget Office.
(n) Postal Services.--The Commission may use the United States mail in the same manner and under the same conditions as Federal departments and agencies.
(o) Removal of Members.--A member may be removed from the Commission for cause by the individual serving in the position responsible for the original appointment of such member under subsection (b)(1), provided that notice has first been provided to such member of the cause for removal and voted and agreed upon by three quarters of the members serving. A vacancy created by the removal of a member under this subsection shall not affect the powers of the Commission, and shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment was made.
(p) Data Privacy.--The Commission is deemed to be a Senate office for purposes of section 10 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2005 (2 U.S.C. 6628) and all Senate data, as defined in such section, of the Commission shall be subject to the protections provided to Senate data under such section.
(q) Records.--
(1) In general.--The Executive Director of the Commission--
(A) may request the records, to the extent they exist, from the Cyberspace Solarium Commission (CSC) and from the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence (NSCAI), from the National Archives or from any other entity that may hold the records of the Cyberspace Solarium Commission and National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence; and
(B) shall have authority to determine what records of the Commission shall be submitted to the National Archives of the United States.
(2) Transfer of records from national security commission on emerging biotechnology.--The Executive Director of the National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology established by section 1091(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117-81) may transfer all records of that Commission to the Congressional Commission on Emerging Science and Technology, under such terms and restrictions on access and use as the Executive Director of the National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology may prescribe.
(r) Sunset.--This section shall cease to have force or effect on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 1095. DEFINITION OF NATIONAL SECURITY FOR PURPOSES OF
TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE.
Section 101(a) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
"(22) The term `national security' means the national defense and foreign relations of the United States and includes the security of the economy of the United States and the resilience of supply chains for economic activity in the United States.".
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SA 6595. Mr. PETERS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SEC. __. ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNIFIED DISASTER ASSISTANCE
INTAKE PROCESS AND SYSTEM.
The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 707. ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNIFIED DISASTER ASSISTANCE
INTAKE PROCESS AND SYSTEM.
"(a) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
"(2) Applicant.--The term `applicant' means--
"(A) an individual, business, or organization that applies for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program;
"(B) an individual, business, or organization on behalf of which an individual described in subparagraph (A) applies for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program; and
"(C) an individual, business, or organization that seeks assistance as a beneficiary of a State, local government, or Indian tribal government that received assistance under a disaster assistance program.
"(3) Disaster assistance agency.--The term `disaster assistance agency' means--
"(A) the Federal Emergency Management Agency; and
"(B) any Federal agency that provides disaster assistance to individuals, businesses, organizations, States, local governments, Indian tribal governments, communities, or organizations that the Administrator certifies as a disaster assistance agency in accordance with subsection (f) to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program.
"(4) Disaster assistance information.--The term `disaster assistance information' includes any personal, biographical, demographic, geographical, financial, application decision, or other information that a disaster assistance agency, or a recipient of a Federal block grant from a disaster assistance agency, is authorized to collect, maintain, disclose, or use to--
"(A) process an application for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program; or
"(B) otherwise carry out the purpose of a disaster assistance program.
"(5) Disaster assistance program.--The term `disaster assistance program' means--
"(A) a program that provides disaster assistance to individuals and households under title IV or V in accordance with sections 408 and 502; or
"(B) any other assistance program authorized by a Federal statute or funded with Federal appropriations under which a disaster assistance agency awards or distributes disaster assistance to an individual, household, or organization, or provides a Federal block grant for these purposes, that arises from a major disaster or emergency declared under section 401 or 501, respectively, including--
"(i) disaster assistance;
"(ii) long-term disaster recovery assistance;
"(iii) the post-disaster restoration of infrastructure and housing;
"(iv) post-disaster economic revitalization;
"(v) a loan authorized under section 7(b) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 636(b)); and
"(vi) food benefit allotments under section 412 of this Act and section 5(h) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(h)).
"(6) Record.--The term `record' has the meaning given the term in section 552a of title 5, United States Code.
"(b) Unified Disaster Assistance Intake Process and System.--
"(1) In general.--Not later than 360 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator shall, in consultation with appropriate Federal, State, local, and Indian tribal governments and entities, develop and establish a unified intake process and system for applicants for disaster assistance provided by a disaster assistance agency to--
"(A) facilitate a consolidated application for any form of disaster assistance provided by a disaster assistance agency when appropriate to support the nature and purposes of the assistance;
"(B) carry out the purposes of disaster assistance programs swiftly, efficiently, fairly, and in accordance with applicable laws and privacy and data protections; and
"(C) support the detection, prevention, and investigation of waste, fraud, abuse, or discrimination in the administration of disaster assistance programs, which may include the support of the Do Not Pay working system described in section 3354(c) of title 31, United States Code.
"(2) Capabilities of the consolidated application system.--The unified intake process and system established under paragraph (1) shall--
"(A) accept applications for disaster assistance programs;
"(B) allow for applicants to receive status updates on applications for disaster assistance programs;
"(C) allow for applicants to update disaster assistance information throughout the recovery journeys of those applicants;
"(D) allow for the distribution of information on additional recovery resources to disaster survivors that may be available in a disaster-stricken jurisdiction, in coordination with appropriate Federal, State, local, and Tribal partners;
"(E) provide disaster survivors with information and documentation on the applications of those disaster survivors for a disaster assistance program;
"(F) allow for the distribution of application data to support faster and more effective distribution of Federal disaster assistance, including block grant assistance, for disaster recovery;
"(G) allow for disaster assistance agencies to communicate directly with disaster survivors; and
"(H) contain other capabilities determined necessary by the heads of disaster assistance agencies.
"(3) Updates.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which the Administrator receives a request from a disaster assistance agency to update questions in the consolidated application described in paragraph (1) needed to administer the disaster assistance programs of the disaster assistance agency, the Administrator shall make those updates.
"(c) Authorities of Administrator.--The Administrator may--
"(1) collect, maintain, disclose, and use disaster assistance information, including such information received from any disaster assistance agency, with any other disaster assistance agency for purposes of subsection (b)(1); and
"(2) subject to subsection (d), authorize the collection, maintenance, disclosure, and use of disaster assistance information collected on or after the date of enactment of this section by publishing a notice on a public website that--
"(A) includes a detailed description of--
"(i) the specific disaster assistance information authorized to be collected, maintained, disclosed, and used;
"(ii) why the collection, maintenance, disclosure, or use of the disaster assistance information is necessary to carry out the purpose of a disaster assistance program;
"(iii) how the collection, maintenance, disclosure, and use of disaster assistance information incorporates fair information practices; and
"(iv) the disaster assistance agencies that will be granted access to the disaster assistance information to carry out the purpose of any disaster assistance program; and
"(B) provides that the submission of an application through a unified disaster application constitutes prior written consent to disclose disaster assistance information to disaster assistance agencies for the purpose of section 552a(b) of title 5, United States Code.
"(d) Collection and Sharing of Records and Information.--
"(1) Effect of publication of notice on public website.--The publication of a notice by the Administrator on a public website of a revision to the system of records of the unified intake process and system established under subsection (b)(1) prior to any new collection, maintenance, disclosure, or use of records to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program with respect to a major disaster or emergency declared by the President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of this Act shall be deemed to satisfy the notice and publication requirements of section 552a(e)(4) of title 5, United States Code, for the entire period of performance for any assistance provided under a disaster assistance program.
"(2) Paperwork reduction act waiver.--
"(A) In general.--Upon the declaration of a major disaster or emergency pursuant to section 401 or 501, respectively, of this Act, the Administrator may waive the requirements of subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly known as the `Paperwork Reduction Act'), with respect to the voluntary collection of information specific to the declared major disaster or emergency needed to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program.
"(B) Duration.--A waiver described in subparagraph (A) shall be in effect for the entire period of performance for any assistance provided under a disaster assistance program with respect to a declared major disaster or emergency.
"(C) Transparency.--If the Administrator waives the requirements described in subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall--
"(i) promptly post on a public website--
"(I) a brief justification for the waiver; and
"(II) the agencies and offices to which the waiver shall apply;
"(ii) update the information posted under clause (i), as applicable; and
"(iii) comply with the requirements of subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly known as the `Paperwork Reduction Act') upon the expiration of the period of performance of any assistance provided under a disaster assistance program if the collection of information may be utilized for the purposes of supporting the disaster assistance program in future major disaster or emergency declarations.
"(D) Effectiveness of waiver.--Any waiver under subparagraph (A) shall take effect on the date on which the Administrator posts information on the internet website as provided for under subparagraph (C).
"(e) Data Security.--The Administrator shall facilitate the collection of disaster assistance information into a unified application only after--
"(1) the Administrator certifies that the unified application substantially complies with the data security standards established pursuant to subchapter II of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, and any other applicable Federal information security policy;
"(2) the Secretary of Homeland Security publishes a privacy impact assessment for the unified application that is similar to the privacy assessment conducted under section 208(b)(1)(B) of the E-Government Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C.
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3501 note); and
"(3) the Administrator, in consultation with disaster assistance agencies, publishes standard rules of behavior for disaster assistance agencies and personnel granted access to disaster assistance information to protect such information from improper disclosure.
"(f) Certification of Disaster Assistance Agencies.--
"(1) In general.--The Administrator may certify a Federal agency as a disaster assistance agency only after posting an agreement between the Administrator and the Federal agency on a public website that contains the detailed terms of the agreement.
"(2) Contents of agreement.--An agreement between the Administrator and a Federal agency described in paragraph (1) shall state that the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Federal agency will--
"(A) collect, disclose, maintain, and use disaster assistance information in accordance with--
"(i) this section; and
"(ii) subject to subsection (i)(2), any existing policies of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Federal agency for information protection and use;
"(B) train any personnel granted access to disaster assistance information on the rules of behavior established by the Administrator under subsection (e)(3);
"(C) in the event of any unauthorized disclosure of disaster assistance information--
"(i) not later than 24 hours after discovering the unauthorized disclosure--
"(I) in the case of an unauthorized disclosure by the Federal agency, notify the Administrator of the disclosure; and
"(II) in the case of an unauthorized disclosure by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, notify disaster assistance agencies of the disclosure;
"(ii) cooperate fully with the Administrator and disaster assistance agencies in the investigation and remediation of the disclosure; and
"(iii) cooperate fully in the prosecution of a person responsible for the disclosure; and
"(D) assume responsibility for any compensation, civil liability, or other remediation measure awarded by a judgment of a court or agreed upon as a compromise of any potential claim by or on behalf of an applicant, including by obtaining credit monitoring and remediation services, for an improper disclosure of disaster assistance information that is--
"(i) caused, directly or indirectly, by the acts or omissions of an officer, employee, or contractor of the Federal agency; or
"(ii) from any electronic system of records that was created or maintained by the Federal agency pursuant to section 552a(e) of title 5, United States Code.
"(g) Certification for Nonparticipation.--
"(1) Covered disaster assistance defined.--In this subsection, the term `covered disaster assistance' means--
"(A) disaster assistance that a Federal agency is automatically authorized to provide following a major disaster or emergency declared under section 401 or 501; or
"(B) disaster assistance that is authorized and funded under an appropriations Act specifically related to a major disaster or emergency declared under section 401 or 501.
"(2) Requirement.--Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this section, and every 4 years thereafter, a Federal agency that is providing covered disaster assistance, but has chosen not to participate in the unified intake process and system established under subsection (b)(1), shall provide to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a certification detailing--
"(A) why the Federal agency is not participating in the unified intake process and system established under subsection (b)(1); and
"(B) the stakeholders with which the Federal agency consulted to reach the decision under subparagraph (A).
"(h) Reports.--
"(1) FEMA.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, and every year thereafter for 2 years, the Administrator, in coordination with the heads of disaster assistance agencies, shall submit to Congress a report on the implementation of this section, including--
"(A) how disaster assistance agencies are working together to implement the requirements under this section;
"(B) the effect of this section on disaster survivor burden and the speed and efficiency of delivering disaster assistance; and
"(C) a description of any other challenges that require further legislative action.
"(2) GAO.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this section, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report on how the implementation of this section has affected the disaster survivor experience, and any recommendations for improvements to the requirements under this section.
"(i) Briefings.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this section, and again not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator shall brief Congress on--
"(1) the status of the implementation of the requirements under this section; and
"(2) how disaster assistance agencies are working together to implement the requirements under this section.
"(j) Rules of Construction.--
"(1) Inapplicability of matching program provisions.--The disclosure and use of disaster assistance information subject to the requirements of section 552a of title 5, United States Code, among disaster assistance agencies or with State, local, or Tribal governments carrying out disaster assistance programs shall not--
"(A) be construed as a matching program for the purpose of section 552a(a)(8) of title 5, United States Code; or
"(B) be subject to subsection (e)(12), (o), (p)(1)(A)(ii), (q), (r), or (u) of section 552a of title 5, United States Code.
"(2) Clarifications.--
"(A) In general.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the Administrator to make decisions relating to the disaster assistance program of an agency other than the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
"(B) Reducing burdens on disaster survivors.--The purpose of this section is solely to improve the intake and sharing of information to reduce burdens on survivors of major disasters and emergencies.
"(3) Authorities in other laws.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the authority of an entity to share disaster assistance information regarding programs funded or facilitated by the entity in accordance with any other law or agency policy.
"(4) Applying to multiple programs.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to require an applicant to apply to more than 1 disaster assistance program.
"(5) Program authorization.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize a program that is not authorized by law as of the date of enactment of this section.
"(6) Agreements.--Nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring a Federal agency to sign an agreement described in subsection (f)(2) if the head of that Federal agency determines that the inclusion of the disaster assistance programs under the jurisdiction of the Federal agency in the unified intake process and system established under subsection (b)(1) is not appropriate to support the nature and purposes of those disaster assistance programs.".
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SA 6596. Mr. VAN HOLLEN (for himself and Mr. Curtis) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (8,227 characters)
At the end of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1281. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Taiwan Allies Fund Act".
SEC. 1282. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Taiwan is a free and prosperous democracy of more than 23,000,000 people and an important contributor to peace and stability around the world.
(2) The People's Republic of China (PRC) has engaged in a years-long campaign to diplomatically isolate Taiwan on the world stage.
(3) Since 2013, the Gambia, Sao Tome and Principe, Panama, the Dominican Republic, Burkina Faso, El Salvador, the Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Nicaragua, Honduras, and, most recently in 2024, Nauru have severed diplomatic relations with Taiwan in favor of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China.
(4) The People's Republic of China has used economic and diplomatic intimidation against countries pursuing unofficial relations with Taiwan, including Lithuania, Czechia, and the United States.
(5) The Taiwan Relations Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-8) states that it is the policy of the United States "to maintain the capacity of the United States to resist any resort to force or other forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security, or the social or economic system, of the people on Taiwan".
(6) The Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative (TAIPEI) Act of 2019 (Public Law 116-135) states that the United States Government should--
(A) "support Taiwan in strengthening its official diplomatic relationships as well as other partnerships with countries in the Indo-Pacific region and around the world"; and
(B) "consider, in certain cases as appropriate and in alignment with United States interests, increasing its economic, security, and diplomatic engagement with nations that have demonstrably strengthened, enhanced, or upgraded relations with Taiwan".
SEC. 1283. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that the United States Government should--
(1) advocate, as appropriate, for Taiwan's engagement on the global stage, including at international organizations;
(2) promote the preservation and expansion of Taiwan's official diplomatic relations with countries around the world;
(3) expand Taiwan's unofficial relations with countries around the world;
(4) encourage countries with unofficial relations with Taiwan to deepen their engagement; and
(5) advance the economic development of countries that support Taiwan.
SEC. 1284. TAIWAN ALLIES FUND.
(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts made available under the Countering People's Republic of China Influence Fund for each of fiscal years 2027, 2028, and 2029, there is authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each such fiscal year to support Taiwan's international space.
(b) Eligible Countries.--Amounts available pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under subsection (a) may be used in countries that--
(1) maintain official relations with Taiwan or the Secretary of State certifies to Congress have meaningfully strengthened unofficial relations with Taiwan;
(2) have been subject to coercion or pressure by the People's Republic of China due to their relations with Taiwan; and
(3) lack the economic or political capability to effectively respond to such coercion or pressure by the People's Republic of China without the support of the United States.
(c) Use of Funds.--Amounts available pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under subsection (a) may be used to support any of the following activities in the countries described in subsection (b) if such activities have a direct linkage to the goal of supporting Taiwan's international engagement, are aligned with clear and justifiable United States counter-PRC strategic imperatives that guide all programs funded by the Counter PRC Influence Fund, and support United States national interests:
(1) To support initiatives that provide alternatives to the People's Republic of China health, digital, and energy initiatives.
(2) To build the capacity and resilience of civil society, media, and other nongovernmental organizations in countering the malign influence of the People's Republic of China.
(3) To diversify supply chains away from the People's Republic of China, particularly to mitigate vulnerabilities to PRC economic coercion.
(4) To provide alternatives to People's Republic of China development assistance and project financing and to expose the People's Republic of China's failure to deliver on development promises or other negative aspects of PRC development assistance.
(5) To support Taiwan's official or unofficial diplomatic presence abroad or advance Taiwan's meaningful participation in international fora and multilateral organizations.
(6) To provide United States or allied alternatives to People's Republic of China information and communications technology infrastructure and components, in coordination with the private sector, as appropriate.
(7) To strengthen the capacity of partner countries to address and reduce the impacts of foreign malign influence operations, propaganda, and other asymmetric informational activities originating from the People's Republic of China.
(8) To mitigate a country's specific vulnerabilities to the People's Republic of China's coercion over the country's relationship with Taiwan.
(d) Limitation on Funds.--A country described in subsection (b) may not receive more than $5,000,000 of funds made available pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under subsection (a) during any fiscal year.
(e) Implementation.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of State, in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall coordinate and carry out activities described in subsection (c).
(2) Authorities.--Amounts available pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under subsection (a) may be considered foreign assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) for purposes of making available the administrative authorities in that Act and may be transferred to, and merged with, funds made available for any provision of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to carry out the purposes of this section, except that such funds shall remain available until expended.
(3) Coordination with taiwan.--In order to maximize cost efficiency and eliminate duplication, the Secretary of State should ensure coordination with relevant counterparts in Taiwan, as appropriate.
(4) Cost-sharing with taiwan.--The Secretary of State shall, to the maximum extent practicable, encourage cost-sharing arrangements with Taiwan for the assistance described in subsection (b) or otherwise complementary assistance.
(5) Report.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this section, and annually thereafter for two years, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on activities described in this section that were carried out during the preceding fiscal year.
(B) Elements.--Each report required by subparagraph (A) shall include--
(i) with respect to each activity described in subsection (c)--
(I) the amount of funding for the activity;
(II) the goal to which the activity relates; and
(III) an assessment of the success of the activity to meet the goal to which the activity relates; and
(ii) with respect to this subsection--
(I) the amount of funding for the activity provided by Taiwan during the preceding year, if any; and
(II) an assessment of whether the funding described in subclause (I) is commensurate with funding provided by the United States.
(f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed to apply to or limit United States foreign assistance not provided using amounts available pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under subsection (a).
(g) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
______
SA 6597. Mr. HUSTED submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, insert the following:
SEC. 1094. APPOINTMENT OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED EXPERTS TO BUREAU
OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY.
(a) In General.--The Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security, in order to attract to the Bureau of Industry and Security highly qualified experts in needed occupations (as determined by the Under Secretary), may--
(1) conduct an annual study to identify specific gaps in expertise at the Bureau that have been difficult to fill through the civil service and constrain the Bureau's ability to effectively fulfil the Bureau's mandate;
(2) notwithstanding any provision of section 3304 or sections 3309 through 3318 of title 5, United States Code, appoint personnel from outside the civil service (as defined in section 2101 of title 5, United States Code) that have the expertise identified pursuant to paragraph (1), including individuals with previous experience in the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)), to positions in the Bureau; and
(3) prescribe the rates of basic pay for positions to which employees are appointed under paragraph (2) at rates not in excess of the maximum rate of basic pay authorized for senior-level positions under section 5376 of title 5, United States Code, as increased by locality-based comparability payments under section 5304 of that title, notwithstanding any provision of that title governing the rates of pay or classification of employees in the executive branch.
(b) Limitation on Term of Appointment.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the service of an employee under an appointment made pursuant to subsection (a) may not exceed 5 years.
(2) Extensions.--The Under Secretary may, in the case of a particular employee, extend the period to which service is limited under paragraph (1) by not more than one additional year if the Under Secretary determines that such action is necessary to promote the national security or foreign policy of the United States.
(c) Limitation on Total Annual Compensation.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or of section 5307 of title 5, United States Code, no additional payments may be paid to an employee appointed under subsection (a) in any calendar year if, or to the extent that, the total annual compensation of the employee will exceed the maximum amount of total annual compensation payable to the Vice President under section 104 of title 3, United States Code.
(d) Limitation on Number of Employees.--The number of employees appointed and retained by the Under Secretary under subsection (a) shall not exceed 25 at any time.
(e) Report Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Under Secretary shall submit to the committees specified in paragraph (2) a report that includes--
(A) a list of areas in which the Under Secretary has identified specific gaps in expertise pursuant to subsection (a)(1);
(B) a description of the steps taken by the Under Secretary to appoint personnel with expertise in such areas from within the civil service during the period specified in paragraph (3);
(C) the number of individuals appointed to the Bureau of Industry and Security under the authority provided by this section during the period specified in paragraph (3);
(D) a description of the qualifications of such individuals and their responsibilities during that period;
(E) a description of the impact of such individuals on carrying out the mission of the Bureau of Industry and Security; and
(F) an assessment of the long-term staffing needs of the Bureau of Industry and Security pertaining to export controls, including those needs identified in the course of carrying out this section.
(2) Committees specified.--The committees specified in this paragraph are--
(A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives; and
(C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(3) Period specified.--The period specified in this paragraph is--
(A) in the case of the first report required by paragraph (1), the 180-day period preceding submission of the report; and
(B) in the case of any subsequent report required by paragraph (1), the one-year period preceding submission of the report.
(f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to waive any requirement regarding--
(1) background investigations or qualifications of applicants to positions with the Bureau of Industry and Security; or
(2) compliance with applicable Federal ethics and conflict-of-interest laws.
(g) Termination.--
(1) In general.--The authority provided by this section shall cease to be effective on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this section.
(2) Savings provisions.--In the case of an employee who, on the day before the termination date under paragraph (1), is serving in a position pursuant to an appointment under subsection (a)--
(A) the termination of the authority does not terminate the employee's employment in that position before the expiration of the lesser of--
(i) the period for which the employee was appointed; or
(ii) the period to which the employee's service is limited under subsection (b), including any extension made under paragraph (2) of that subsection before the termination of the authority; and
(B) the rate of basic pay prescribed for the position may not be reduced as long as the employee continues to serve in the position without a break in service.
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SA 6598. Mr. HUSTED submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle D of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1252. REPORT ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE POWER OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 3 years, the Secretaries, in consultation with the covered agency heads, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the advanced artificial intelligence capabilities of the PRC, including the efforts by the PRC relating to supply chains for advanced artificial intelligence systems.
(b) Components.--Each report required under subsection (a) shall also include the following:
(1) An assessment of integrated circuits designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference by leading artificial intelligence chip designers in the PRC, including Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. and Cambricon Technologies, that includes--
(A) with respect to such integrated circuits, the--
(i) total processing power;
(ii) integer and floating point operations per second at relevant precision levels;
(iii) memory capacity and bandwidth;
(iv) interconnect bandwidth;
(v) power efficiency;
(vi) transistor count and die size;
(vii) process node used per design;
(viii) energy efficiency;
(ix) manufacturing cost and yield assumptions;
(x) ability of the integrated circuit to effectively run artificial intelligence models trained on a different chip designer's integrated circuit, including measurements such as model inference in tokens per second and cost per token with and without a software application layer that improves model translation ability;
(xi) the capability of the most advanced server configuration produced using the chip
designer's integrated circuits including such technical specifications like floating point operations per second, memory capacity and bandwidth, energy efficiency, and ability to function at scale; and
(xii) any future specification that becomes relevant to the development of future artificial intelligence capability; and
(B) with respect to such chip designers--
(i) the total number and types of integrated circuits produced in the year preceding submission of such report and the projected production number for the year proceeding submission of such report;
(ii) the foundries used in the production of the integrated circuits;
(iii) the software ecosystem, including any parallel computing platforms, programming models, or development frameworks that enable accelerated computing for artificial intelligence training or inference;
(iv) the method and extent to which such integrated circuits are used in other countries, including in the United States; and
(v) the manufacturer's ability to produce a software application layer required to achieve an improved token per seconds and cost per token rate.
(2) An assessment of leading semiconductor fabrication facilities in the PRC that produce logic integrated circuits for use in advanced artificial intelligence training or inference, including such facilities owned or operated by the Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, that includes, with respect to such facilities, the--
(A) total monthly production capacity per advanced process node with non-planar transistors or 16/14 nm and below and the percentage of that monthly production capacity dedicated to production of logic integrated circuits for use in advanced artificial training or inference;
(B) yield for producing such logic integrated circuits for use in advanced artificial intelligence training or inference at each facility with an assessment of that yield in industry relevant terms, such as compared to PRC firms, compared to non-PRC firms, or how many are in current industry-leading datacenters;
(C) most advanced process node under production;
(D) types and volume of semiconductor manufacturing equipment used, the country of origin for such equipment, and the export control regulatory regime under which such equipment was procured;
(E) collaborations, licit or illicit, between PRC firms or their subsidiaries and non-PRC firms and the advancements those collaborations produce for the PRC firm;
(F) progress PRC firms are making at indigenizing export controlled technologies;
(G) market share PRC firms have in the PRC and internationally; and
(H) year-over-year trends in leading semiconductor fabrication facilities during at least the preceding 5-year period;
(3) An assessment of leading semiconductor fabrication facilities in the PRC that produce memory integrated circuits used for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference, including such facilities owned or operated by ChangXin Memory Technologies or Yangtze Memory Technologies Corp., that includes--
(A) with respect to such circuits, the--
(i) most advanced generation of high-bandwidth memory, including the technical specifications and stack height;
(ii) memory cell area and memory density of other dynamic random access memory integrated circuits; and
(iii) highest number of layers in three-dimensional NOT-AND memory integrated circuits;
(B) with respect to such facilities, the--
(i) yield and total monthly production capacity for memory integrated circuits, including dynamic random access memory such as high-bandwidth memory, and NOT-AND memory; and
(ii) types and volume of semiconductor manufacturing equipment used, including the country of origin of such equipment and the export control regulatory regime such equipment was procured under.
(C) collaborations, licit or illicit, between PRC firms or their subsidiaries and non-PRC firms and the advancements those collaborations produce for the PRC firm;
(D) progress PRC firms are making at indigenizing export controlled technologies;
(E) market share PRC firms have in the PRC and internationally; and
(F) year-over-year trends in the PRC's advanced memory integrated circuit production for a minimum of the 5 previous years.
(4) An assessment of leading semiconductor manufacturing equipment companies in the PRC, including NAURA Technology Group, KINGSEMI, Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment Inc., Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment, and Shenzhen SiCarrier Technologies Co., Ltd, that includes--
(A) a categorical breakdown of annual unit production volume and technical specifications, including minimum feature size, throughput, and defect rate, of all major equipment classes installed or under development for wafer production in foundries in the PRC, including--
(i) lithography tools, including photolithography, nanoimprint, and electron beam lithography tools;
(ii) etch equipment, including wet etching and dry etching;
(iii) deposition equipment, including chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition;
(iv) cleaning systems;
(v) chemical mechanical planarization tools;
(vi) ion implantation and diffusion systems;
(vii) wafer inspection, metrology, and process control tools;
(viii) back-end packaging equipment, including wafer dicing equipment and wire bonders;
(ix) capabilities and advancements in advanced packaging technologies;
(x) thermal processing equipment;
(xi) bonding equipment, including thermo compression bonders and hybrid bonders;
(xii) environmental control systems;
(xiii) laser systems; and
(xiv) reticle and photomask writing and inspection tools;
(B) the country of origin and supplier company for each piece of semiconductor manufacturing equipment used in foundries in the PRC for advanced-node logic or high-bandwidth memory production by such companies;
(C) the foreign-sourced subcomponents integrated into the semiconductor manufacturing equipment produced by such companies, including precision motion stages, lasers, electrostatic chucks, optical systems, radio frequency generators, or extreme-purity gas handling systems;
(D) collaborations, licit or illicit, between PRC firms or their subsidiaries and non-PRC firms and the advancements those collaborations produce for the PRC firm;
(E) progress PRC firms are making at indigenizing export controlled technologies;
(F) market share PRC firms have in the PRC and internationally; and
(G) year-over-year trends in leading semiconductor manufacturing equipment companies in the PRC for a minimum of the 5 previous years.
(5) An assessment of electronic design automation (EDA) software used in the design of integrated circuits for advanced artificial intelligence applications in the PRC, including software developed or provided by leading PRC EDA companies such as Empyrean Technology Co., Ltd.
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and Primarius Technologies Co., Ltd., that includes--
(A) with respect to such software tools, the--
(i) range of design stages supported, including front-end design such as architecture and register-transfer level design, logic synthesis, verification, physical design, place-and-route, timing closure, and final signoff;
(ii) compatibility with advanced process nodes, including sub-7 nanometer technologies, gate-all-around devices, and three-dimensional integration;
(iii) capabilities for designing artificial intelligence-specific components of such integrated circuits, including tensor processing cores, systolic array processing units, matrix multiplier units, and high-bandwidth memory interfaces;
(iv) ability to model and optimize for power, performance, and thermal constraints in artificial intelligence workloads;
(v) scale and performance of the software in handling large designs, such as chips exceeding 50-100 billion transistors; and
(vi) integration with cloud compute resources or distributed workflows for large-scale artificial intelligence chip development;
(B) with respect to such companies, the--
(i) total market share within the PRC and internationally, including the share of advanced-node integrated circuits designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference designs supported by each company; and
(ii) types, volume, and origin of critical technology components used in software development, including intellectual property cores, third-party libraries, verification suites, and artificial intelligence-assisted optimization algorithms;
(C) progress PRC firms are making at indigenizing export-controlled or foreign-origin technologies used in EDA, including high-performance computing integration, advanced verification engines, and proprietary intellectual property cores;
(D) year-over-year trends for the PRC's EDA industry over a minimum of the previous 5 years, including technology adoption, market share, and software capability evolution; and
(E) identification of technical gaps relative to leading global EDA providers, particularly in relation to artificial intelligence-focused design, advanced nodes, and large-scale verification.
(6) An assessment of the advanced artificial intelligence models determined by the Secretaries to be the most relevant to the national security of the United States that were developed by artificial intelligence laboratories or companies based in the PRC, especially those laboratories and companies affiliated with the People's Liberation Army or any university in the PRC, including the most advanced models, open-weight and closed-weight models, based on model size, total compute used during training, benchmark performance, and any other advanced capabilities the Secretaries determine relevant, that includes, with respect to each such model--
(A) the number of model parameters;
(B) the total training compute used, measured in floating-point operations and their relevant precision level;
(C) the model performance on benchmark tasks;
(D) an evaluation of the extent to which the model exhibits advanced cyber offensive
capabilities, an advanced understanding of biological and virological application domains, and the ability to substantially automate or accelerate artificial intelligence research, and a comparison of such models to the most advanced artificial intelligence models from United States developers;
(E) if the model is open-weight, an evaluation of the files provided and the security implications of following the developer's deployment instructions;
(F) a description of the algorithmic alignment training used;
(G) the type and scale of compute infrastructure used in training and inference, including the cluster configurations, the number and type of integrated circuits specifically designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference, how such integrated circuits were acquired and from which companies, where those clusters are located, and how they are being accessed;
(H) the manner and extent to which the model is used throughout society in the PRC, including throughout the following industries or sectors:
(i) the People's Liberation Army;
(ii) the surveillance and intelligence collection functions of the CCP, including the genocide of Uyghur Muslims and other religious and ethnic minorities in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region;
(iii) the Government of the PRC;
(iv) business and finance;
(v) education;
(vi) healthcare;
(vii) critical infrastructure sectors, including the power grid and transportation; and
(viii) any other sectors that the Secretaries determines to be relevant, such as high-risk industries where artificial intelligence failure would have outsized safety or mission consequences.
(I) whether and where such models are deployed for public use, including API access or mobile app deployment;
(J) the manner and extent to which such models are diffused in other countries, including the United States;
(K) the alignment of those models to CCP propaganda;
(L) the potential of those models to inject or create vulnerabilities for users or other ways they could be used to further CCP national security objectives;
(M) an assessment of global market share of PRC models and the effect that global market share is enabling the PRC to set artificial intelligence hardware or software standards; and
(N) the total number of tokens inferenced globally using the model, the types of hardware utilized for such inference and the percent breakdown between company of origin for such hardware, and the percentage of global inferenced tokens attributable to the model.
(7) An assessment of emerging artificial intelligence research in the PRC, based on indicators such as academic publications, patent filings, and research funding, including--
(A) the development of novel artificial intelligence algorithms and techniques, including advancements in reinforcement learning, natural language processing, or computer vision, with a focus on algorithms and techniques most relevant for developing or deploying the most advanced artificial intelligence systems;
(B) advancements in hardware designed to enhance artificial intelligence capabilities, including custom integrated circuits, quantum computing technologies, or neuromorphic computing systems, with a focus on hardware advancements most relevant for developing or deploying the most advanced artificial intelligence systems;
(C) the scale and focus of research efforts, including the number of researchers, institutions, and collaborations involved, and the funding levels and sources, with a focus on those most relevant for developing or deploying the most advanced frontier artificial intelligence systems;
(D) an evaluation of the potential impact of such research on future artificial intelligence capabilities relevant to national security competitiveness; and
(E) a description of licit or illicit methods or tactics such as unauthorized model distillation used by PRC entities to steal non-PRC artificial intelligence related intellectual property.
(8) An assessment of the aggregate public funding and capital flows supporting artificial intelligence development in the PRC, including--
(A) the sum total of the PRC's national, provincial, and municipal investment in artificial intelligence;
(B) subsidies that are underwriting the costs of artificial intelligence development in areas such as compute, infrastructure, water, and energy;
(C) an assessment of foreign capital investments, including the total amount invested and a breakdown by entity, including the country of origin and the amount invested; and
(D) an assessment of the PRC entities that have received the funding, including the name of the entity and the amount of funding received.
(9) The aggregate artificial intelligence computational capacity in the PRC, including--
(A) a detailed analysis of computational capacity of the 5 most capable PRC entities, including the number and types of integrated circuits and server systems used and their aggregate computational power;
(B) the countries and companies with respect to which the PRC sourced its computational capacity; and
(C) the locations and specifications, including energy and computational capacity, of datacenters used for advanced artificial intelligence training and inference.
(10) An assessment of leading humanoid robot manufacturers in the PRC, including Unitree Robotics and Fourier, that includes--
(A) with respect to such manufacturers, the--
(i) production capacity per year; and
(ii) unit cost and pricing trends for such robots intended for commercial deployment; and
(B) with respect to the humanoid robots produced by such manufactures--
(i) the number, type, and country and company of origin of the semiconductor components, including integrated circuits, used to build, run, or train such robots;
(ii) the country and company of origin and the technical specifications of critical components used in such robots, including actuators, sensors, and battery systems, and if not PRC, the progress toward indigenization;
(iii) a description of the tasks such robots can perform;
(iv) whether such robots are teleoperated, operated through hard-coded instructions, or function autonomously using artificial intelligence models;
(v) whether inference is performed locally or via remote cloud services;
(vi) the number of such robots deployed across the PRC, including in the military, manufacturing, logistics, health care, security, and personal assistance sectors;
(vii) the extent to which, and ways in which, such robots are diffused in other countries, including in the United States; and
(viii) an assessment of the cybersecurity and other vulnerabilities of PRC origin robotic systems.
(11) An assessment of the most advanced or widely used artificial intelligence-powered applications developed by PRC entities or built on PRC artificial intelligence models, including--
(A) the artificial intelligence models used to power these applications, including the company and country of origin for each model and whether the models are open-weight or closed-weight;
(B) the means of deployment and the extent to which such applications are used, including in the United States;
(C) the purposes, capabilities, and promoted uses of the applications;
(D) an analysis of how data collected or generated by the applications is used, including for artificial intelligence model training, surveillance, or other national security-relevant purposes; and
(E) an evaluation of the potential risks posed by these applications to United States national security, foreign policy objectives, or data privacy.
(12) An assessment of the regulatory framework governing artificial intelligence development, deployment, and usage in the PRC, that includes--
(A) the explicit restrictions on artificial intelligence models, including laws, regulations, and government policies that directly limit or control the development, deployment, or use of artificial intelligence models in the PRC;
(B) an analysis of the implicit restrictions on artificial intelligence models, including censorship, data access limitations, or other indirect controls that may constrain artificial intelligence model capabilities;
(C) how such explicit and implicit restrictions impact the development, deployment, and diffusion of artificial intelligence models both within the PRC and internationally, including the effects on innovation, competitiveness, and national security;
(D) an analysis of efforts by the CCP to acquire greater insight into advanced artificial intelligence and reduce strategic surprise, such as efforts that require advanced artificial intelligence developers to disclose information about artificial intelligence systems or provide models to government entities;
(E) an analysis of efforts in the PRC to assess or mitigate national
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security or public safety threats from advanced artificial intelligence systems, including efforts to prevent loss of control from autonomous artificial intelligence systems; and
(F) the goals for artificial intelligence development explicitly and implicitly stated by the CCP.
(13) An assessment of the PRC's global artificial intelligence standards diplomacy efforts, including--
(A) mapping the fora where PRC actors aimed to shape global standards;
(B) outlining key policy objectives of PRC;
(C) jurisdictions where PRC-promoted standards, model laws, guidance, or procurement criteria have been adopted or referenced;
(D) the effects on procurement and vendor eligibility; and
(E) opportunities for the United States to shape global artificial intelligence standards and counter PRC efforts when they run contrary to United States interest.
(14) An assessment of the degree to which PRC entities remotely accessed artificial intelligence computational resources, including through cloud services, international data centers, or through circumvention or avoidance of United States export controls.
(15) An assessment of the methods, pathways, quantities, and companies and countries of origin of United States-controlled integrated circuits specifically designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference, including graphics processing units or application-specific integrated circuits, that have been diverted to mainland the PRC, the estimated total compute capacity enabled through these chip diversions, and the percent of the PRC's total compute capacity enabled through these chip diversions.
(16) An assessment of the effectiveness of United States export controls in restricting access by the PRC to artificial intelligence-relevant technologies, including an identification of loopholes within United States export controls and recommendations for legislative and administrative action to strengthen export controls and enforcement that is consistent with United States national security and foreign policy objectives.
(c) Prioritization.--In conducting the assessments required under subsection (b), the Secretaries shall prioritize the identification and analysis of--
(1) semiconductors, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, and critical components of semiconductor manufacturing equipment that are, or are likely to become, critical to the supply chains for the training or inference of the most advanced artificial intelligence systems; and
(2) items that enable or could enable advanced model performance, are associated with systems that pose significant national security or strategic implications to the United States, or are likely to be foundational to the development of future advanced artificial intelligence systems, including those not yet deployed or publicly disclosed.
(d) Reference Class.--Where applicable, the Secretaries shall provide context to all statistics regarding the PRC's artificial intelligence power in the report by presenting the PRC's capabilities and production numbers in comparison to relevant United States and partner country production numbers and capabilities.
(e) Coordination With Expert Entities.--In carrying out this section, the Secretaries may consult and coordinate with other Federal departments and agencies, private industry or research organizations, Federally funded research and development centers, national laboratories, academic institutions, relevant media outlets, or any other entities with expertise in semiconductor technologies, artificial intelligence, or national security that the Secretaries determine relevant.
(f) Avoidance of Duplication.--In carrying out this section, the Secretaries shall, to the maximum extent practicable, leverage existing and ongoing assessments, analyses, intelligence products, collection efforts, and reporting produced by covered agency heads and other Federal departments and agencies, including elements of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)), to avoid unnecessary duplication of Federal efforts.
(g) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form and may contain a classified annex.
(h) Mandatory Unclassified Elements.--In the unclassified portion of the report required under subsection (a), the Secretaries shall include, subject to the appropriate treatment of classified information and protection of sources and methods--
(1) the number of integrated circuits specifically designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference produced by leading entities in the PRC in the year preceding submission of such report;
(2) the projected production numbers of integrated circuits from the PRC specifically designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference, including identification of foundries responsible for such production, for the year proceeding submission of such report; and
(3) the extent to which and ways artificial intelligence-relevant technologies in the PRC, including integrated circuits, models, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, and humanoid robots are diffused in other countries, including the United States.
(i) Briefing.--Not later than 90 days after submission of the report required by subsection (a), the Secretaries shall provide to the appropriate committees of Congress a classified and unclassified briefing on the contents of the report.
(j) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives
(2) CCP.--The term "CCP" means the Chinese Communist Party.
(3) Covered agency heads.--The term "covered agency heads" means the--
(A) Secretary of Defense;
(B) Secretary of Energy;
(C) Director of National Intelligence;
(D) Director for the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy; and
(E) head of any other relevant Federal department or agency the Secretary determines necessary.
(4) PRC.--The term "PRC" means the People's Republic of China.
(5) Secretaries.--The term "Secretaries" means the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of State.
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SA 6599. Mrs. FISCHER submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. LIST OF ENTITIES HOLDING FCC AUTHORIZATIONS,
LICENSES, OR OTHER GRANTS OF AUTHORITY AND
HAVING CERTAIN FOREIGN OWNERSHIP.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate national security agency.--The term "appropriate national security agency" has the meaning given such term in section 9 of the Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019 (47 U.S.C. 1608).
(2) Commission.--The term "Commission" means the Federal Communications Commission.
(3) Covered country.--The term "covered country" means a country specified in section 4872(f)(2) of title 10, United States Code.
(4) Covered entity.--The term "covered entity" means--
(A) the government of a covered country;
(B) an entity organized under the laws of a covered country; and
(C) a subsidiary of an entity described in subparagraph (B), regardless of whether the subsidiary is organized under the laws of a covered country.
(b) Publication of List.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall publish on the internet website of the Commission a list of each entity--
(1) that holds a license issued by the Commission pursuant to--
(A) section 309(j) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 309(j)); or
(B) the Act of May 27, 1921 (47 U.S.C. 34 et seq.; commonly known as the "Cable Landing Licensing Act") and Executive Order 10530 (3 U.S.C. 301 note; relating to the performance of certain functions vested in or subject to the approval of the President); and
(2) with respect to which--
(A) a covered entity holds an equity or voting interest that is required to be reported to the Commission under the ownership rules of the Commission; or
(B) an appropriate national security agency has determined that a covered entity exerts control, regardless of whether such covered entity holds an equity or voting interest as described in subparagraph (A).
(c) Rulemaking.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall issue rules to obtain information to identify each entity--
(A) that holds any authorization, license, or other grant of authority issued by the Commission (other than a license described in subsection (b)(1)); and
(B) with respect to which a covered entity holds an equity or voting interest that is required to be reported to the Commission under the ownership rules of the Commission.
(2) Placement on list.--Not later than 1 year after the Commission issues the rules required by paragraph (1), the Commission shall place each entity described in such paragraph on the list published under subsection (b).
(d) Annual Updates.--The Commission shall, not less frequently than annually, update the list published under subsection (b), including with respect to any entity required to be placed on such list by subsection (c)(2).
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SA 6600. Mrs. FISCHER (for herself and Mr. Peters) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle B of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1218. UNITED STATES-ISRAEL COOPERATION ON EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES.
The amount authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2027 by section 4201 for Combating Terrorism Technology Support, Defense-wide, is hereby increased by $50,000,000, with the amount of the increase to be available for emerging technology cooperation between the United States and Israel.
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SA 6601. Mr. SCOTT of Florida submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in subtitle G of title X, insert the following:
SEC. __. CLEAR LABELS ACT.
(a) Require Drug Labeling to Include Original Manufacturer and Supply Chain Information.--Section 502(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 352(b)) is amended--
(1) by striking "containing (1) the name and place of business of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor" and inserting the following: "containing--
"(A) the name, place of business, and unique facility identifier of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor or a link, barcode, QR code, or other means to access a searchable electronic portal containing such information";
(2) in clause (A) (as so designated), by striking "(2) an accurate" and inserting the following:
"(B) an accurate";
(3) in clause (B) (as so designated), by striking "count: Provided, That under clause (2) of this paragraph reasonable variations" and inserting "count, provided that under this clause, reasonable variations";
(4) by striking "(b) If in a package form" and inserting the following:
"(b)(1) If it is a finished drug product in a package form"; and
(5) by adding at the end the following:
"(2) If it is an active pharmaceutical ingredient, unless any accompanying label and certificate of analysis contains the name, place of business, and unique facility identifier of the original manufacturer.
"(3)(A) If it is a finished drug product, unless its labeling contains the name, place of business, and unique facility identifier of--
"(i) the original manufacturer of each active pharmaceutical ingredient;
"(ii) the original manufacturer of the finished drug product; and
"(iii) the packer or distributor, if any, or a link, barcode, QR code, or other means to access a searchable electronic portal containing such information.
"(B) In the case of a finished drug product for which there are multiple potential different manufacturers of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, the requirements of this subparagraph shall be satisfied if all such manufacturers of active pharmaceutical ingredients for the drug product are identified in the labeling or the searchable electronic portal.
"(4) A manufacturer, packer, or distributor required to furnish information under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3), in addition to making such information available electronically, as applicable, shall make such information available through a package insert, or in paper copy to any individual who requests such a copy.
"(5) For purposes of this subsection, the term `original manufacturer', means the single last establishment to conduct substantial manufacturing activities prior to introduction of the active pharmaceutical ingredient or finished drug product into interstate commerce.
"(6) The Secretary shall issue regulations to implement subparagraphs (2) and (3) and may provide for reasonable variations in the implementation of, or an alternative placement for, the labeling requirements under such subparagraphs, including by electronic means. Such regulations shall take effect on a date determined by the Secretary and not earlier than 1 year after the date of publication of the final regulations, and shall apply with respect to drugs manufactured on or after the effective date of such regulations.".
(b) Exemption From Customs Country of Origin Marking Requirement.-- Section 304 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1304) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(m) Marking of Certain Finished Drug Products.--The marking requirements of subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply to articles that are finished drug products and are marked in accordance with the requirements of section 502(b)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 352(b)(2)).".
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SA 6602. Mr. SCOTT of Florida submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SEC. __. PREVENT CITIZENS OF FOREIGN ADVERSARIAL NATIONS FROM
ENTERING INTO OR ENFORCING SURROGACY CONTRACTS
IN THE UNITED STATES.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Foreign entity of concern.--The term "foreign entity of concern" means any foreign nation listed under section 4872(f)(2) of title 10, United States Code.
(2) Prospective parent.--The term "prospective parent" means an individual who, directly or indirectly, enters into a surrogacy agreement to become the legal or custodial parent of a child birthed by a surrogate parent.
(3) Surrogacy agreement.--
(A) In general.--The term "surrogacy agreement" means a contract, agreement, or arrangement, without regard to whether it is oral or written or is direct or brokered, between 1 or more prospective parents and a surrogate parent, under which the surrogate parent agrees to become pregnant and give birth to a child, and, subject to subparagraph (B), to relinquish all parental rights and responsibilities to the prospective parent or parents.
(B) Presumption.--With respect to a contract, agreement, or arrangement, without regard to whether it is oral or written or is direct or brokered, under which a surrogate parent agrees to become pregnant and give birth to a child that does not expressly address parental or custodial rights, there shall be a presumption that the surrogate parent has agreed to relinquish her parental or custodial rights, and that the contract, agreement, or arrangement is a surrogacy agreement, if the contract, agreement, or arrangement is with a prospective parent who is a citizen or permanent resident of a foreign entity of concern.
(4) Surrogacy broker.--The term "surrogacy broker"--
(A) means any individual or entity that induces, arranges, procures, facilitates, or otherwise assists in the formation or execution of a surrogacy agreement; and
(B) does not include an individual or entity serving as bona fide legal counsel to a prospective parent or a surrogate parent.
(5) Surrogate parent.--The term "surrogate parent" means a person who agrees to become pregnant and give birth to a child, and to relinquish all parental rights and responsibilities to another person under the terms of a surrogacy agreement.
(b) Certain International Surrogate Parentage Contracts Void and Unenforceable.--
(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), a surrogacy agreement shall be void and unenforceable if the agreement is between a surrogate parent who is in the United States at the time of birth or who is a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States and--
(A) a prospective parent who is a citizen or permanent resident of a foreign entity of concern; or
(B) a surrogacy broker who arranges a surrogacy agreement with a prospective parent who is a citizen or permanent resident of a foreign entity of concern.
(2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not invalidate a surrogacy agreement between a surrogate parent and 2 prospective parents, if--
(A) the 2 prospective parents are legally married; or
(B) at least 1 prospective parent is a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States.
(c) Commercial Facilitation of Foreign Surrogacy Prohibited; Penalty.--A surrogacy broker who knowingly or recklessly induces, arranges, procures, facilitates, or otherwise assists in the formation or execution of a surrogacy agreement that is void and unenforceable under subsection (b) shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both.
(d) Custody of Child When International Surrogate Parentage Contracts Are Void and Unenforceable.--Legal custody of a child born pursuant to a surrogacy agreement that is void and unenforceable under subsection (b) shall be decided based on a determination of the best interests of the child under the law of the State where the surrogate parent resides, with no effect given to the surrogacy agreement or any other purported agreement, contract, or understanding concerning the custody of the child.
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SA 6603. Mr. SCOTT of Florida submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THE NON-SDN CHINESE
MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX COMPANIES LIST.
Section 8531 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (Public Law 119-60) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new subsection:
"(b) Update and Publication of List.--Not later than one year after the President submits a report under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury--
"(1) may add to the Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Companies List any foreign person that--
"(A) is indicated in that report as qualifying for inclusion in that list; and
"(B) has not already been added to that list;
"(2) shall, if any foreign person is added under paragraph (1), publish in the Federal Register a newly revised Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Companies List; and
"(3) shall, if any foreign person is not added under paragraph (1), submit to the appropriate congressional committees an annual report providing a written justification for each foreign person not added to the Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Companies List.".
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SA 6604. Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself and Mr. Coons) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. ANTI-RETALIATION PROTECTION FOR AI WHISTLEBLOWERS.
(a) Prohibition Against Retaliation.--No employer may, directly or indirectly, discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, blacklist, harass, or in any other manner discriminate against a covered individual in the terms and conditions of employment or post-employment of the covered individual (or, in the case of a covered individual who is not an employee, the terms and conditions of work or post-work of the covered individual) because of any lawful act done by the covered individual--
(1) in providing information regarding an AI violation, or any conduct that the covered individual reasonably believes constitutes an AI violation, to--
(A) the appropriate regulatory official or the Attorney General;
(B) a regulatory or law enforcement agency; or
(C) any Member of Congress or any committee of Congress;
(2) in initiating, testifying in, or assisting in any investigation or judicial or administrative action of an appropriate regulatory or law enforcement agency or the Department of Justice, or any investigation of Congress, based upon or related to the information described in paragraph (1); or
(3) in providing information regarding an AI violation, or any conduct that the covered individual reasonably believes constitutes an AI violation, to--
(A) a person with supervisory authority over the covered individual at the employer of the covered individual; or
(B) another individual working for the employer described in subparagraph (A) whom the covered individual reasonably believes has the authority to--
(i) investigate, discover, or terminate the misconduct; or
(ii) take any other action to address the misconduct.
(b) Enforcement.--
(1) In general.--A covered individual who alleges they are aggrieved by a violation of subsection (a) may seek relief under paragraph (3) by--
(A) filing a complaint with the Secretary of Labor in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (2)(A); or
(B) if the Secretary of Labor has not issued a final decision in accordance with such paragraph within 180 days of the filing of a complaint under subparagraph (A), and there is no showing that such a delay is due to the bad faith of the covered individual, bringing an action against the employer at law or in equity in the appropriate district court of the United States, which shall have jurisdiction over such an action without regard to the amount in controversy.
(2) Procedure.--
(A) Department of labor complaints.--
(i) In general.--Except as provided in clauses (ii) and (iii) and paragraph (3), a complaint filed with the Secretary of Labor under paragraph (1)(A) shall be governed by the rules and procedures set forth in section 42121(b) of title 49, United States Code, and the legal burdens of proof described in section 1221(e) of title 5, United States Code.
(ii) Exceptions.--With respect to a complaint filed under paragraph (1)(A), notification required under section 42121(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code, shall be made to each person named in the complaint, including the employer.
(iii) Enforcement of orders.--In addition to any final order issued pursuant to paragraph (3) of section 42121(b) of title 49, United States Code, with respect to a complaint filed by a covered individual under paragraph (1)(A), a preliminary order issued pursuant to paragraph (2) of such section by the Secretary of Labor with respect to such a complaint may be enforced by the Secretary of Labor pursuant to section 42121(b)(5) of such title or by the covered individual pursuant to section 42121(b)(6) of such title.
(B) District court actions.--
(i) Jury trial.--A party to an action brought under paragraph (1)(B) shall be entitled to trial by jury.
(ii) Statute of limitations.--
(I) In general.--An action may not be brought under paragraph (1)(B)--
(aa) more than 6 years after the date on which the violation of subsection (a) occurs; or
(bb) more than 3 years after the date on which facts material to the right of action are known, or reasonably should have been known, by the covered individual bringing the action.
(II) Required action within 10 years.--Notwithstanding subclause (I), an action under paragraph (1)(B) may not in any circumstance be brought more than 10 years after the date on which the violation occurs.
(3) Relief.--Relief for a covered individual prevailing with respect to a complaint filed under paragraph (1)(A) or an action under paragraph (1)(B) shall include--
(A) reinstatement with the same seniority status that the covered individual would have had, but for the violation;
(B) 2 times the amount of back pay otherwise owed to the covered individual, with interest;
(C) the payment of compensatory damages, which shall include compensation for litigation costs, expert witness fees, and reasonable attorneys' fees; and
(D) any other appropriate remedy with respect to the violation as determined by the Secretary of Labor in a complaint under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) or by the court in an action under subparagraph (B) of such paragraph.
(c) Nonenforceability Waivers of Rights or Remedies.--The rights, procedures, and remedies provided for in this section may not be waived or altered by any contract, agreement, policy form, or condition of employment (or condition of work or post-work), including by any agreement requiring a covered individual to engage in arbitration, mediation, or any other alternative dispute resolution process prior to seeking relief under subsection (b).
(d) Rights Retained by Covered Individuals.--Nothing in this section shall be deemed to diminish the rights, privileges, or remedies of any covered individual under any Federal or State law, or under any collective bargaining agreement.
(e) Predispute Arbitration Agreements.--No predispute arbitration agreement shall be valid or enforceable, if the agreement requires arbitration of a dispute arising under this section.
(f) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) AI violation.--The term "AI violation" means--
(A) any violation of Federal law, including rules and regulations, related to or committed as part of the development, deployment, or use of artificial intelligence or an artificial system;
(B) any failure to appropriately respond to a substantial and specific danger that the development, deployment, or use of artificial intelligence may pose to public safety, public health, or national security; or
(C) any failure or lapse in security that reasonably could be expected to cause artificial intelligence technology to be acquired by a person (including a foreign entity) by theft or other unlawful means.
(2) Artificial intelligence.--The term "artificial intelligence" has the meaning given such term in section 238(g) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115-232; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4061).
(3) Artificial system.--The term "artificial system"--
(A) means any data system, software, application, tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or other forms of artificial intelligence, including in the case--
(i) the data system, software, application, tool, or utility is established primarily for the purpose of researching, developing, or implementing artificial intelligence technology; or
(ii) artificial intelligence capability is integrated into another system or agency business process, operational activity, or technology system;
(B) means any system, tool, or application that--
(i) uses artificial intelligence to generate outputs affecting digital or physical environments; and
(ii) operates with some capacity to generalize, adapt, or perform tasks beyond those explicitly pre-programmed by human designers; and
(C) does not include any common commercial product within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such as a word processor or map navigation system.
(4) Commerce.--The terms "commerce" and "industry or activity affecting commerce" mean any activity, business, or industry in commerce or in which a labor dispute would hinder or obstruct commerce or the free flow of commerce, and include "commerce" and any "industry affecting commerce", as defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 501 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 (29 U.S.C. 142 (1) and (3)).
(5) Covered individual.--The term "covered individual" includes--
(A) an employee, including a former employee; and
(B) a current or former independent contractor, contractor, subcontractor, personal services contractor, grantee, subgrantee, or agent.
(6) Employer.--The term "employer" means any person (including any officer, employee, contractor, subcontractor, agent, company, partnership, or other individual or entity) engaged in commerce or an industry
or activity affecting commerce who pays any compensation to a covered individual in exchange for the covered individual providing work to the person.
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SA 6605. Mr. McCORMICK submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1___. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE CONSULTATION REGARDING
PREDICTION MARKETS.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall consult with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission regarding the proposed rule of the Commission entitled "Prediction Markets; Public Interest Determinations" (91 Fed. Reg. 35806 (June 12, 2026)), or a subsequent final rulemaking, in relation to the following factors:
(1) The factors to define war, terrorism, and assassination.
(2) The factors in determining whether event contracts involve war, terrorism, or assassination.
(3) The factors that raise public interest concerns.
(b) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall, in coordination with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report on the consultation under subsection (a).
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SA 6606. Mr. McCORMICK submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of division A, add the following:
TITLE XVII--COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
SEC. 1701. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "CFIUS Modernization Act of 2026".
SEC. 1702. STRENGTHENING AUTHORITIES AND PROCESSES OF
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED
STATES.
(a) Revision of Term "Urbanized Areas".--Section 721(a)(4)(C)(i)(II) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(a)(4)(C)(i)(II)) is amended by striking "real estate in `urbanized areas' " and inserting "real estate in an `urban area' or any equivalent term or terms".
(b) Amendment to the Definition of "Critical Technologies".--Section 721(a)(6)(A) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(a)(6)(A) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(vii) Other technologies designated by the chairperson, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and other members of the Committee, from the areas identified on the Critical and Emerging Technologies List published by the National Science and Technology Council.".
(c) Removal of 5-page Limitation for Declarations.--Section 721(b)(1)(C)(v)(II) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)(1)(C)(v)(II)) is amended by striking "that would not generally exceed 5 pages in length".
(d) Alignment of Timing of Committee Action With Respect to Declarations and Notices.--Section 721(b)(1)(C)(v)(III)(bb) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)(1)(C)(v)(III)(bb)) is amended by striking "receiving" and inserting "accepting".
(e) Authorization to Require Mandatory Declarations for Critical Infrastructure Transactions.--Section 721(b)(1)(C)(v)(IV)(cc) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)(1)(C)(v)(IV)(cc)) is amended by striking "subsection (a)(4)(B)(iii)(II)" and inserting "subclause (I) or (II) of subsection (a)(4)(B)(iii)".
(f) Stipulations Regarding Non-notified or Non-declared Transactions.--Section 721(b)(1)(C)(vi)(I) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)(1)(C)(vi)(I)) is amended, in the matter preceding item (aa), by inserting ", or in connection with a non-notified or non-declared transaction identified under subparagraph (H)" after "with respect to a transaction".
(g) Determination Regarding Investigations for Foreign Government-controlled Transactions.--Section 721(b)(2)(D)(ii) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)(2)(D)(ii)) is amended by striking "to any person" and all that follows and inserting "below the level of the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury or an equivalent official of the lead agency, respectively.".
(h) Modification of Tolling of Deadlines During a Lapse in Appropriations.--Section 721(b) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)) is amended by striking paragraph (8) and inserting the following:
"(8) Tolling of deadlines during lapse in appropriations.--Any deadline or time limitation imposed on the Committee or to which the Committee is subject under this section, regulations implementing this section, or any agreement or condition entered into or imposed under this section, shall be tolled during a lapse in appropriations.".
(i) Amendment of Bankruptcy Filings to Require Information Relevant to CFIUS.--Section 721(b) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(9) Amendment of bankruptcy filings to require information relevant to cfius.--The chairperson, the Attorney General, and relevant bankruptcy officials, as appropriate, including each United States trustee appointed under section 581 of title 28, United States Code, the Director of the United States Trustee Program, and bankruptcy court authorities, shall establish a process to identify and evaluate covered transactions that arise pursuant to a bankruptcy proceeding or other form of default on debt.".
(j) Revision of Confidentiality Requirements to Enhance Cooperation on National Security With Allies and Partners of the United States and Authorize Disclosure of Enforcement Information.--Section 721(c) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(c)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting "domestic or foreign" before "administrative";
(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ", or to any foreign governmental entity of a United States ally or partner," ;
(C) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E); and
(D) by inserting after subparagraph (C), the following:
"(D) Information important to the national security analysis or actions of the Committee or any foreign governmental entity of a United States ally or partner, to such ally or partner, under the exclusive direction and authorization of the chairperson, only to the extent necessary for national security purposes, and subject to appropriate confidentiality and classification requirements."; and
(E) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following:
"(F) Information describing the outcome of a concluded enforcement action (including any final or settled penalty) under this section, including the identity of any party to, and a description of the circumstances that resulted in, such action, when disclosed by the chairperson."; and
(2) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking "paragraph (2)(C)" and inserting "paragraph (2)(D)".
(k) Clarification of Authority to Prohibit Real Estate Transactions.--Section 721(d)(4)(A) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(d)(4)(A)) is amended by inserting "or obtain an interest in real estate in the United States" after "a United States business or its assets".
(l) Technical Corrections.--Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)(1)(C)(v)(IV)(gg), by striking "subsection (h)(3)" and inserting "subsection (h)(2)"; and
(2) in subsection (l)(6)(D), by striking "subsection (h)(3)" and inserting "subsection (h)(2)".
(m) Interim Measures for Proposed, Pending, or Completed Covered Transactions.--Section 721(l)(3)(A)(iii) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(l)(3)(A)(iii)) is amended--
(1) in the clause heading, by striking "Agreements and conditions relating to completed transactions" and inserting "Interim measures"; and
(2) by striking "completed covered transaction" and inserting "proposed, pending, or completed covered transaction".
(n) Appropriations for Committee.--Section 721(p)(2) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(p)(2)) is amended by striking "through 2023" and inserting "through 2030".
SEC. 1703. KNOWN INVESTOR PROGRAM.
(a) In General.--Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(r) Known Investor Program.--
"(1) In general.--The chairperson may establish a program, to be known as the `Known Investor Program', under which--
"(A) a foreign person may voluntarily provide information to the Committee in advance of filing a notice under clause (i) of subsection (b)(1)(C) or a declaration under clause (v) of that subsection with respect to a transaction; and
"(B) the Committee may, for foreign persons that have provided information under subparagraph (A), increase efficiencies in the process of submitting notices and declarations.
"(2) Implementation authorities.--In carrying out the Known Investor Program, the chairperson may--
"(A) identify the information required for the Committee to consider a foreign person under the Known Investor Program;
"(B) require certification and assurance for the information provided in advance of filing a notice or declaration, consistent with subsection (n);
"(C) allocate personnel and resources to support the Known Investor Program; and
"(D) make such adjustments to the process for filing notices and declarations as the chairperson considers appropriate.
"(3) Fees.--
"(A) In general.--The Committee may assess and collect, from each foreign person considered under the Known Investor Program, a fee to be deposited into the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States Fund established under subsection (p).
"(B) Terms and conditions.--A fee assessed and collected under subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as a fee assessed and collected under subsection (p)(3).
"(4) Cooperation of other agencies.--Upon request from the chairperson, the head of a Federal agency shall provide support and cooperation to the chairperson to carry out the Known Investor Program.
"(5) Report to congress.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, and annually thereafter, the Committee shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives a report containing--
"(A) an assessment of the implementation of the Known Investor Program;
"(B) an assessment of participation of foreign persons in the Known Investor Program, including an identification of the beneficial owners of each entity that is a participating foreign person; and
"(C) data regarding the fees collected under the Known Investor Program.
"(6) Sunset.--The authority to carry out the Known Investor Program shall terminate on the date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this subsection.".
(b) Regulations.--The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to implement the Known Investor Program under subsection (r) of section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as added by subsection (a), including regulations--
(1) providing for the application of the requirements of subsection (c) of such section 721 with respect to information provided to the Committee under the Program; and
(2) expressly providing for the application of section 1001 of title 18, United States Code, to all information provided to the Committee under the Program, in accordance with subsection (n)(3) of such section 721.
SEC. 1704. PILOT PROGRAM TO COLLECT INFORMATION ON GREENFIELD
INVESTMENTS BY FOREIGN PERSONS IN STRATEGIC
SECTORS.
(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a pilot program to require the submission to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States of a short-form written notification of any greenfield investment in the United States by a foreign person in a strategic sector for the purpose of collecting information on such investment.
(b) Duration of Pilot Program.--The pilot program required by subsection (a) shall terminate on the date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(c) Treatment of Investments That Are Not Covered Transactions.--In the case of a greenfield investment that is not a covered transaction and with respect to which a notification is submitted under the pilot program required by subsection (a), the Committee--
(1) shall not review the investment under section 721(b) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C.
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4565(b)) as if it were a covered transaction; and
(2) shall use the notification only to collect information on greenfield investment in the United States.
(d) Exemption From Disclosure.--Except as provided in regulations prescribed under subsection (e), any information or documentary material filed with the Secretary or a designee of the Secretary under the pilot program required by subsection (a) shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code, and no such information or documentary material may be made public.
(e) Regulations.--In establishing the pilot program required by subsection (a), the Secretary, in consultation with the Committee, shall prescribe regulations in accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code, that--
(1) establish the scope of the pilot program;
(2) define relevant terms, including "greenfield investment", and add sectors to the definition of "strategic sector", as the Secretary considers appropriate;
(3) identify the information required to be included in a notification submitted under the pilot program;
(4) include a process by which the Committee may identify a greenfield investment in the United States by a foreign person in a strategic sector for which a notification is not submitted; and
(5) provide for the imposition of civil penalties for any violation of the requirement to submit notifications under the pilot program.
(f) Report to Congress.--
(1) In general.--After the termination under subsection (b) of the pilot program required by subsection (a), the Secretary, in consultation with the Committee, shall submit to the members of Congress specified in section 721(b)(3)(C)(iii) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)(3)(C)(iii)) a report that includes--
(A) an assessment of the information on greenfield investment in the United States by foreign persons in strategic sectors collected under the pilot program; and
(B) an analysis of--
(i) the extent to which existing authorities address the national security risks, if any, that could arise from greenfield investment described in subparagraph (A); and
(ii) whether the establishment or expansion of other Federal programs should be undertaken to address any such risks.
(2) Form.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(g) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed to impair or otherwise affect the authority of the President to pursue any authorization, process, regulation, investigation, prohibition, enforcement measure, or review provided by or established under any other provision of Federal law, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565), or any other authority of the President or Congress under the Constitution of the United States, to protect the national security of the United States.
(h) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Covered transaction.--The term "covered transaction" has the meaning given that term in section 721(a) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(a)).
(2) Greenfield investment.--The term "greenfield investment" has the meaning given that term in regulations prescribed under subsection (f).
(3) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Treasury, as the chairperson of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States.
(4) Strategic sector.--The term "strategic sector" means--
(A) the technology, critical infrastructure, healthcare, agriculture, energy, and raw materials sectors; and
(B) such other sectors as are determined to be strategic in regulations prescribed under subsection (e).
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SA 6607. Mr. McCORMICK (for himself and Ms. Rosen) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle E of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1049A. REPORT ON OLIGARCHS AND CORRUPTION IN IRAN.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence and other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a detailed report on oligarchs and corruption in Iran.
(b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:
(1) A description of senior foreign political figures and oligarchs in Iran, including the following:
(A) An identification of the most significant senior foreign political figures and oligarchs in Iran, as determined by the closeness to the Government of Iran of each such figure and oligarch, and the estimated net worth of each such figure and oligarch.
(B) An assessment of the relationship between the individuals identified under subparagraph (A) and President Masoud Pezeshkian or other members of the Iranian ruling elite.
(C) An identification of any indices of corruption with respect to such individuals.
(D) Known sources of income of such individuals (including through their family members (including spouses, children, parents, and siblings)), which should include information on relevant beneficial ownership.
(E) An identification of the non-Iranian business affiliations of such individuals.
(2) A description of Iranian parastatal entities, including an assessment of the following matters:
(A) The emergence of Iranian parastatal entities and their role in the economy of Iran.
(B) The leadership structures and beneficial ownership of such entities.
(C) An identification of the non-Iranian business affiliations of such entities.
(3) Information relating to the exposure of key economic sectors of the United States, including, at minimum, the banking, securities, insurance, and real estate sectors, to Iranian politically affiliated persons, Iranian parastatal entities, and Iranian State-owned enterprises.
(4) Information relating to the likely effects of imposing debt and equity restrictions on Iranian parastatal entities.
(5) Information relating to the potential impacts of imposing sanctions or debt and equity restrictions in addition to any such sanctions or restrictions in existence as of the date of the enactment of this Act on Iranian oligarchs, Iranian parastatal entities, or Iranian State-owned enterprises, including impacts on such oligarchs, entities, and
enterprises and on the economy of Iran, as well as on the economies of the United States and United States allies.
(c) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
(2) Iranian parastatal entities.--The term "Iranian parastatal entities" means entities--
(A) in which Iranian State ownership is at least 25 percent; and
(B) that had revenues in 2016 of approximately $2,000,000,000 or more.
(3) Senior foreign political figure.--The term "senior foreign political figure" has the meaning given such term in section 1010.605 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations.
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SA 6608. Mr. McCORMICK (for himself and Ms. Rosen) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of title XII, add the following:
Subtitle F--Iran Human Rights, Internet Freedom, and Accountability Act of 2026
SEC. 1281. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Iran Human Rights, Internet Freedom, and Accountability Act of 2026".
SEC. 1282. FINDINGS; STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) For nearly five decades, the people of Iran have endured brutal repression under the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a regime that denies basic human rights, silences dissidents, and responds to peaceful protest with violence.
(2) The people of Iran have repeatedly and courageously taken to the streets to demand economic opportunity, human rights, dignity, and freedom.
(3) During the 2026 protests, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran responded with brutality by reportedly killing tens of thousands of people and wounding thousands more, arresting tens of thousands, and restricting internet access and telephone lines.
(4) The people of Iran are protesting the Iranian regime's economic mismanagement, corruption, internal suppression, and unjust executions.
(5) Free expression, open information, and uncensored communication are fundamental human rights and critical to the survival of the Iranian protestors.
(6) Thanks in part to United States-funded efforts to support human rights and open internet access, the Iranian people are consistently found to be one of the most pro-American populations in the Middle East.
(7) The inspiring 2022 Women, Life, Freedom protests demanded an end to the Islamic Republic and its violence, particularly against Iranian women and ethnic minorities.
(8) The barbaric so-called "morality police" and other arms of state suppression have a lengthy history of repressing the Iranian people's fundamental freedoms.
(9) The Iranian regime has engaged in systematic efforts to intimidate, harass, detain, and harm political dissidents, activists, and journalists both within Iran and beyond its borders.
(10) The people of Iran deserve the right to dignity, democracy, and self-determination and to be free from the brutality of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
(b) Statement of Policy.--It shall be the policy of the United States--
(1) to recognize the Iranian people's right to self-determination;
(2) to facilitate the immediate expansion of open, uncensored internet access and civilian lines of communication for the people of Iran to communicate domestically and with the outside world;
(3) to support the internationally recognized human rights of Iranians and programs to assist Iranian civil society, including in their credible documentation, reporting, and accountability efforts of abuses in Iran;
(4) to fully enforce sanctions against regime violators of internationally recognized human rights and their family members; and
(5) to work in coordination with its allies and partners to deter the regime's violence against the Iranian people.
SEC. 1283. IMPROVED COORDINATION OF EFFORTS TO PROMOTE
INTERNET FREEDOM IN IRAN.
(a) Duties of the Secretary of State.--The Secretary of State is authorized to be the Federal official with the primary responsibility for--
(1) promoting widespread internet freedom in Iran and expanding open access to independent and impartial information for Iranian citizens; and
(2) serving as the principal official responsible for updating and carrying out the strategy required under section 5124(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (22 U.S.C. 8754a).
(b) Updates to Comprehensive Strategy to Promote Internet Freedom and Access to Information in Iran.--
(1) Updates.--Section 5124 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (22 U.S.C. 8754a) is amended--
(A) in subsection (a)(2), by striking subparagraphs (A) through (G) and inserting the following new subparagraphs:
"(A) An evaluation of the use of virtual private networks, centralized networks, peer-to-peer technologies, and other emerging circumvention tools by civil society and internationally recognized human rights activists in Iran and strategies for increasing open access to such networks and technologies, prioritizing tools with demonstrated effectiveness, scalability, and acceptable user security risks in the Iran context.
"(B) An assessment of United States Government efforts to cultivate and expand viable alternatives to virtual private networks, peer to peer technology, and other emerging circumvention tools.
"(C) A breakdown of any limitations or restrictions facing the development or deployment of United States Government sponsored virtual private networks, peer to peer technology, or other emerging circumvention tools to support internet freedom in Iran.
"(D) An assessment of the ability of the Government of Iran to cut off all access to the global internet in Iran, including the primary tools and technology through which they may be able to do so.";
(B) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c); and
(C) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new subsection:
"(b) Updates.--The Secretary of State and the heads of other Federal departments and agencies as appropriate, shall review the strategy under subsection (a) on an ongoing basis and update the strategy as appropriate, taking into account the results of such review.".
(2) Submission of first updates.--
(A) Submission.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall--
(i) review and update the strategy pursuant to section 5124(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (22 U.S.C. 8754a), as amended by paragraph (1); and
(ii) submit such updated strategy to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(B) Form.--The strategy under subparagraph (A) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(3) Additional update.--Section 414 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 8754) is amended--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (11) and (12) as paragraphs (12) and (13), respectively; and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (10) the following new paragraph:
"(11) work with the relevant Federal departments and agencies to ensure enforcement of sanctions does not impede companies providing to Iranian civilians the technology and other tools necessary to access the open internet;".
SEC. 1284. INTERNET FREEDOM AND CENSORSHIP CIRCUMVENTION.
(a) Internet Freedom Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of the Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report that updates and supplements the report required under section 5124 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (Public Law 118-159).
(2) Additional matters to be included.--Updates to the strategy required in section 5124 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (22 U.S.C. 8754a) shall also include the following:
(A) An assessment of the feasibility of using direct-to-cell wireless communications technologies to expand internet access for the people of Iran, including technical, regulatory, and security considerations.
(B) An analysis of how drone-based platforms, signal-jamming technologies, and related countermeasures could impact the feasibility, security, economics, and resilience of such direct-to-cell wireless communications.
(C) A survey of terrestrial and non-terrestrial telecommunications service providers currently active in Iran, including--
(i) whether such providers are state-owned or state-controlled;
(ii) the extent of foreign participation or investment in such providers;
(iii) the implications of such ownership and control for communications freedom and censorship; and
(iv) any other relevant information to assess the opportunities and risks associated
with terrestrial and non-terrestrial communications technologies in Iran.
(3) Form.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(b) Extension and Increase of Authorization for Iran Internet Freedom Grant Program.--Section 5124(c)(5)(A) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (22 U.S.C.
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8754a(c)(5)(A)), as redesignated by section 1283(b)(1)(B), is amended by striking "each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026" and inserting "each fiscal year through fiscal year 2030".
(c) Development of Internet Access Technologies.--
(1) In general.--The Department of State, in coordination with other relevant Federal departments and agencies, is authorized to utilize existing interagency coordination mechanisms to the maximum extent practicable, to support the development of low-cost, easily scalable, and rapidly deployable technologies to counter internet shutdowns or limitations on network access in Iran to enable populations to overcome such restrictions.
(2) Objectives.--In carrying out the responsibilities under subsection (a), the Department should prioritize the following objectives:
(A) Identifying and supporting the development of technologies capable of overcoming internet blackouts and network disruptions imposed by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran and facilitating open, uncensored internet and network access, which could include, among other things--
(i) mesh networking solutions; and
(ii) portable and deployable communication systems.
(B) Expanding access to and the effectiveness virtual private networks (commonly known as "VPNs" ), including by--
(i) collaborating with industry, academia, and relevant stakeholders to accelerate the research, development, and deployment of such technologies;
(ii) conducting pilot programs and field experiments to test the effectiveness and scalability of developed solutions in real-world settings; and
(iii) providing technical assistance and resources to partner organizations, governments, and nongovernmental entities engaged in efforts to expand uncensored internet access.
(C) Identifying and evaluating off-the-shelf technologies that could be rapidly procured and deployed to address internet access challenges in targeted regions.
(D) Ensuring that any technology supported under this subsection is assessed for user safety, detectability by hostile governments, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, data protection, supply-chain risks, sanctions and export-control compliance, and risk of diversion to the Government of Iran, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, or sanctioned persons or entities.
(3) Collaboration.--The Department should collaborate with relevant Federal agencies to leverage expertise in acquisition processes and practices related to carrying out the objectives under paragraph (2) with the aim of--
(A) integrating best practices in acquisition into the research, development, and deployment processes of technologies to facilitate open, uncensored internet access;
(B) providing training and educational opportunities on acquisition principles, regulations, and procedures, with a focus on technology development for countering censorship and related restrictions;
(C) fostering dialogue and exchange of knowledge between acquisition professionals and innovation specialists to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of acquisition related to internet access technologies;
(D) collaborating on the development of acquisition strategies that prioritize the rapid acquisition and deployment of technologies aimed at countering censorship and restrictions on internet access; and
(E) ensuring that strategies aimed at the rapid acquisition and deployment of such technologies account for the specific challenges presented by the country context, including logistical barriers to large-scale technology distribution and security risks to civilians using the technologies.
(4) Reporting.--The Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an annual report detailing the progress, challenges, and outcomes of the efforts undertaken pursuant to this section.
(5) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this subsection, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 1285. STRATEGY ON HUMAN RIGHTS ASSISTANCE.
(a) Strategy Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy to expand and enhance United States programs to support the protection and promotion of internationally recognized human rights in Iran.
(2) Elements of the strategy.--The strategy required under subsection (a) shall include--
(A) United States Government efforts to support internationally recognized human rights and democratic civil society, including efforts to assist in the credible documentation of abuses of internationally recognized human rights;
(B) specific plans and initiatives to ensure the Iranian people have reliable access to accurate, uncensored, and unbiased news coverage, including through digital circumvention tools, shortwave radio, and emerging technologies;
(C) programs to support independent Iranian journalists, media outlets, and citizen journalists, including grants for equipment, training, secure communication platforms, and capacity-building for Persian and other local language media;
(D) programs to support and train Iranian civil society;
(E) coordination mechanisms with international partners, the private sector, and diaspora communities to amplify credible independent media;
(F) annual performance metrics and benchmarks for audience reach, content impact, and program outcomes; and
(G) a multi-year budget and resource requirements plan to implement the strategy.
(3) Form.--The strategy required in subsection (a) shall be transmitted in an unclassified form and may contain a classified annex.
(b) GAO Report on Near East Regional Democracy (NERD) Expenditures.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report examining Federal expenditures under the Near East Regional Democracy (NERD) account over fiscal years 2024 and 2025.
(2) Matters included.--The report shall include--
(A) a detailed accounting of all NERD funds obligated and expended for Iran-related programs, including broadcasting, media support, civil society assistance, and human rights initiatives;
(B) an assessment of the processes used for grant allocation, contractor oversight, vetting of recipients, and measuring program outcomes;
(C) an evaluation of the effectiveness of such programs in advancing United States policy objectives, including expanding information access and supporting independent media within Iran; and
(D) recommendations for improving transparency, accountability, and impact measurement.
(3) Protection of sensitive information.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall ensure that the report required under this subsection does not publicly disclose personally identifiable information, implementing-partner identities, sub-grantee identities, operational details, cybersecurity methods, secure communications channels, or other information that the Secretary of State determines could endanger individuals, compromise ongoing programs, or undermine the national security interests of the United States. Such information may be provided in a classified annex or otherwise protected consistent with applicable law.
(c) Form.--The strategy and the GAO report required under this section shall each be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 1286. CYBERSECURITY CAPACITY FOR CIVIL SOCIETY IN IRAN.
(a) Training and Tools.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State should establish programs--
(1) to deliver remote or in-person cybersecurity training to journalists, defenders of internationally recognized human rights, and civil-society actors in Iran;
(2) to furnish vetted open-source or commercially available digital-safety tools, including prioritizing VPN services and other software-based solutions that minimize physical detection risks, including end-to-end encrypted messaging applications; and
(3) to provide multilingual educational materials that warn Iranian users about regime-controlled applications and phishing campaigns.
(b) Reporting and Evaluation.--
(1) Metrics.--The Secretary of State shall track and make available to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, in classified form or otherwise protected form as appropriate, aggregate metrics on the number of trainees, incident-response cases, and unique users of supported digital safety tools. Such metrics shall be aggregated and reported biannually in a manner that protects user safety, operational security, implementing partners and
the integrity of supported tools and platforms.
(2) Independent evaluation.--Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an evaluation of the effectiveness of the program carried out under this section.
(c) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section may be construed to supersede or limit existing authority under section 404 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 8754) or any other provision of law related to internet freedom programming in Iran.
(d) Coordination With Existing Programs.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary of State shall coordinate with and build upon existing Iran internet freedom programs, including those established under section 5124 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (22 U.S.C. 8754a), to avoid duplication and maximize effectiveness.
SEC. 1287. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
Nothing in this subtitle may be construed as authorizing the use of military force.
SEC. 1288. SANCTIONS AND EXPORT CONTROL SAVINGS CLAUSE.
Nothing in this subtitle may be construed to authorize any transaction prohibited by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations, the Export Control Reform Act of 2018, the Export Administration Regulations, or any other applicable sanctions or export-control authority, except pursuant to a general or specific license, regulatory authorization or other authorization issued by the relevant agency.
SEC. 1289. DERIVATION OF FUNDS.
Amounts made available to carry out this subtitle shall be derived from amounts authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department of State.
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SA 6609. Mr. McCORMICK submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in title XVI, insert the following:
Subtitle __--Unmanned System Command and Control Integration Assessment
SEC. __1. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Unmanned System Command and Control Integration Assessment Act of 2026".
SEC. __2. ASSESSMENT OF UNMANNED SYSTEM COMMAND AND CONTROL
FRAMEWORKS.
(a) Assessment Required.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall, in coordination with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, the Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, the Chief Information Officer, Joint Interagency Task Force 401, the Director of the Defense Information Systems Agency, the Commander of Joint Interoperability Test Command, and the Secretaries of the military departments, commence a comprehensive assessment of open-architecture, unmanned system command and control frameworks with demonstrated operational effectiveness.
(b) Scope of Allied and Partner System Review.--The assessment commenced under subsection (a) shall review each of the following allied and partner country unmanned systems command and control frameworks and may include such additional frameworks as the Secretary determines appropriate:
(1) Ukraine's Delta battlefield management and unmanned aircraft systems coordination system, including an analysis of its technical architecture, its operational effectiveness in contested environments, the interoperability and integration lessons learned from its deployment that are applicable to United States Armed Forces unmanned aircraft systems command and control operations, and its cybersecurity resilience under active electronic warfare and cyber attack.
(2) Israel's Multiple Drone Operating System, including an analysis of its technical architecture, its demonstrated operational effectiveness in managing simultaneous civilian, commercial, and military unmanned aircraft systems operations, the interoperability and integration lessons learned from its deployment that are applicable to United States Armed Forces unmanned aircraft systems command and control operations, and its cybersecurity and emergency prioritization mechanisms.
(c) Elements of Assessment.--The assessment commenced under subsection (a) shall address, at a minimum, each of the following elements:
(1) Architectural analysis, including--
(A) a comparative analysis of the technical architectures of the unmanned systems command and control frameworks reviewed, including data formats, communication protocols, interface standards, and software design approaches;
(B) an evaluation of the degree to which each framework employs open-architecture and modular open-systems architecture principles; and
(C) an identification of the architectural characteristics most associated with operational effectiveness, adaptability, and resilience in contested environments.
(2) Unmanned systems tier compatibility, including--
(A) an evaluation of each framework's capacity to manage all unmanned systems within a single integrated command and control environment;
(B) an identification of the technical and doctrinal barriers to command and control interoperability across unmanned systems s within a single framework; and
(C) a recommendation for the minimum capability requirements a Department unmanned systems command and control framework must meet to support effective employment of unmanned systems across all in a joint operational environment.
(3) Interoperability with existing Department systems, including--
(A) a detailed assessment of the compatibility and interoperability requirements for integrating an open-architecture unmanned system command and control framework with current and future Department command and control modernization, as designated by the Secretary at the time of the assessment;
(B) an identification of the interface standards, data translation requirements, and technical integration pathways that would be necessary to achieve such interoperability; and
(C) an assessment of the risks associated with integration, including cybersecurity risks arising from connecting an open-architecture system to existing classified networks.
(4) Cybersecurity and future-proofing, including--
(A) an assessment of the cybersecurity posture of each framework reviewed, including its resilience to electronic warfare, Global Positioning System denial, communications jamming, and software-based cyber attack in active contested environments;
(B) a recommendation for a cybersecurity standards framework or updates to the Risk Management Framework of the National Institute of Standards and Technology applicable to a Department unmanned system command and control system that--
(i) is based on the Cybersecurity Framework 2.0, published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and applicable special publications of the Institute, and is designed to incorporate updated guidance from the Institute without requiring legislative action;
(ii) incorporates a comprehensive supply chain risk management strategy;
(iii) implements robust data-centric security controls, including end-to-end data encryption, data tagging for automated policy enforcement, and accredited cross-domain solutions to prevent compromise between classification levels and to enable secure data interoperability with mission partners;
(iv) establishes vulnerability disclosure and patch management standards enabling timely response to newly identified threats without requiring system-wide redesign; and
(v) specifies a recurring review cycle of not less than once every 18 months to update cybersecurity standards as the National Institute of Standards and Technology and other relevant standards bodies publish new guidance, without requiring legislative action; and
(vi) mandates alignment with Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), ensuring all data, applications, assets, and services are managed with the assumption that the network is already compromised;
(C) an assessment of how the architecture of the framework can accommodate future unmanned systems technologies, including autonomous systems, artificial intelligence-enabled targeting and deconfliction, swarming capabilities, and beyond-visual-line-of-sight operations, without requiring full system replacement; and
(D) a recommended technology refresh cycle and associated governance process for keeping a Department unmanned system command and control framework current with advancing technology and evolving threats.
(5) Tactical adaptability and field-level flexibility, including--
(A) an assessment of the mechanisms within each framework reviewed that enable tactical-level operators and commanders to modify, adapt, or extend command and control functionality without depending on centralized software updates or acquisition processes, drawing on documented examples from the conflict in Ukraine where unmanned aircraft systems tactics evolved within weeks in response to adversary countermeasures;
(B) a recommended design approach for a Department framework that preserves appropriate security and safety controls while enabling tactical-level customization, including through the use of application programming interfaces, modular software components, and operator-accessible configuration tools; and
(C) an assessment of the doctrinal, training, and organizational changes required to enable and sustain field-level innovation within a structured command and control architecture.
(6) Classification and technology transfer, including--
(A) an assessment of the classification implications of a Department unmanned system command and control framework, including recommendations for which components may operate at unclassified levels to maximize interoperability with allied and commercial systems, and which must be classified;
(B) an assessment of the technology transfer and foreign military sales implications of the frameworks reviewed, including intellectual property and national security considerations associated with adopting or adapting systems developed by or with foreign partners; and
(C) recommendations for information-sharing arrangements with other United States Government organizations, allies, and partner nations that would facilitate ongoing exchange of unmanned systems command and control lessons learned and technical standards.
(7) Implementation roadmap, including--
(A) a recommended phased implementation approach for developing and fielding a Department unmanned system command and control framework, including recommended near-term pilot programs or exercises that could demonstrate technical feasibility and operational utility;
(B) an estimate of the resources, including funding, personnel, and acquisition authorities, required to develop and field the recommended framework; and
(C) an identification of existing Department programs, platforms, and acquisition vehicles that could serve as the basis for or be accelerated by an unmanned system command and control capability.
SEC. __3. INDEPENDENT ADVISORY PANEL.
(a) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish an independent advisory panel (in this section referred to as the "Panel") to provide independent review and technical guidance to the assessment required under section __2.
(b) Composition.--The Panel shall consist of not fewer than 10 and not more than 15 members appointed by the Secretary, including--
(1) not fewer than two individuals who have direct operational experience in unmanned aircraft systems employment in a joint or combined military environment;
(2) not fewer than two individuals who have technical expertise in open-architecture software systems, modular systems design, or command and control software architecture;
(3) not fewer than two individuals who have expertise in cybersecurity, including experience with operational technology cybersecurity in contested environments;
(4) at least three individuals who have expertise in unmanned aircraft systems command and control operations, doctrine, or command and control from an allied or partner country with significant unmanned aircraft systems operational experience, appointed in coordination with relevant allied or partner country authorities;
(5) at least one individual with experience in unmanned aircraft system (UAS) traffic management in the National Airspace System; and
(6) such additional members as the Secretary determines appropriate, which may include representatives from the defense industrial base, federally funded research and development centers, academic institutions with relevant expertise, and the Department of Defense test and evaluation community to ensure early consideration to interoperability, testability, and certification requirements.
(c) Limit on Active Government Employees.--Not more than two-thirds of the members of the Panel may be a full-time officer or employee of the United States Government.
(d) Duties.--The Panel shall provide written assessments and recommendations on each element of the assessment described in section __2(c) and shall have the opportunity to review and comment on draft findings before finalization.
(e) Termination.--The Panel shall terminate on the date that is 90 days after the date of the submittal of the final report required under section __4(b).
(f) Compensation.--Members of the Panel who are not full-time officers or employees of the United States Government shall be compensated at a daily rate equal to the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each day they are engaged in the performance of Panel duties and shall be allowed travel expenses as authorized under section 5703 of title 5, United States Code.
SEC. __ __4.
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REPORTS TO CONGRESS.--
(a) Interim Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees an interim report on the status of the assessment required under section __2, which shall include--
(1) an identification of any additional allied and partner country frameworks selected for review and analysis beyond those specified in section __2(b);
(2) a summary of findings from the architectural analysis required under section __2(c)(1);
(3) a preliminary assessment of interoperability requirements under section __2(c)(3); and
(4) any significant findings or challenges identified to date.
(b) Final Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a final report containing the complete findings and recommendations of the Secretary with respect to the assessment required under section __2. The final report shall include--
(1) a determination as to whether the development of a Department unmanned system command and control framework based on open-architecture principles is feasible, operationally necessary, and cost-effective;
(2) if the determination under paragraph (1) is affirmative, a recommended framework architecture, phased implementation roadmap, and legislative or regulatory actions required to proceed;
(3) if the determination under paragraph (1) is negative or qualified, a description of the specific barriers identified and recommendations for addressing them; and
(4) a classified annex, as appropriate, containing any elements that the Secretary determines must be protected from public disclosure for national security reasons.
(c) Form.--Reports required under this section shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex. Unclassified portions shall be made publicly available on the Department public website not later than 30 days after submission.
(d) Annual Update.--For a period of five years following submission of the final report under subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees, as part of the annual budget justification materials submitted to Congress in support of the budget of the Department (as submitted with the budget of the President under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code), an update describing--
(1) actions taken by the Department in response to the recommendations of the Secretary contained in the final report;
(2) material changes in allied or partner country unmanned systems command and control frameworks or practices relevant to the assessment's conclusions;
(3) emerging unmanned systems technologies or cybersecurity threats that would materially affect the recommended framework architecture; and
(4) the status of any pilot programs, exercises, or acquisition activities initiated pursuant to the recommendations of the Secretary contained in the final report.
SEC. __5. CYBERSECURITY STANDARDS FOR ANY RECOMMENDED
FRAMEWORK.
(a) Requirements.--Any unmanned system command and control framework recommended in the final report required under section __4(b), and any system developed or procured pursuant to such a recommendation, shall--
(1) employ a modular open systems architecture that permits individual software and hardware components to be updated, replaced, or patched in response to identified cybersecurity vulnerabilities without requiring redesign of the system as a whole;
(2) apply a supply chain risk management framework throughout the asset's and component's lifecycles;
(3) comply with the most current version of the Cybersecurity Framework 2.0 published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and applicable special publications of the Institute, as updated from time to time, without requiring amendment of this Act to conform to new guidance;
(4) include a documented vulnerability disclosure policy and a process for receiving, triaging, and patching reported vulnerabilities within defined response time standards established by the Secretary; and
(5) undergo penetration testing by a National Security Agency-certified red team not less frequently than once every two years following initial fielding, with findings reported to the Principal Cyber Advisor and, in summary form, to the congressional defense committees.
(b) Exclusion of Covered Foreign Entities.--No software, hardware, or service produced, provided, or operated by an entity on the Federal Communications Commission Covered List established under section 2 of the Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019 (47 U.S.C. 1601), or on the Department of Defense Covered Foreign Entity list maintained pursuant to section 4872 of title 10, United States Code, may be incorporated into any unmanned system command and control framework developed, procured, or fielded pursuant to this Act.
(c) Living Standards Process.--The Secretary shall, in coordination with the Director of the National Security Agency, the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, and the Chief Information Officer of the Department, establish a process for reviewing and updating the cybersecurity standards applicable to a framework developed pursuant to this Act on a recurring basis of not less than once every 18 months, to ensure such standards remain current with the evolving threat environment and applicable Federal standards without requiring legislative action.
SEC. __6. COORDINATION WITH EXISTING DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
PROGRAMS.
(a) Required Coordination.--In conducting the assessment required under section __2, the Secretary shall ensure that the unmanned system command and control framework under consideration is assessed for compatibility with all current Department command and control modernization programs of record, as designated by the Secretary at the time of the assessment. The Secretary shall update this assessment as
the portfolio of such programs evolves, ensuring that recommendations remain current with the Department's command and control modernization activities regardless of changes in program names, structures, or priorities.
(b) Avoidance of Duplication.--In developing recommendations under section __2, the Secretary shall assess whether existing programs of record identified under subsection (a) can be extended or adapted to provide the unmanned system command and control capability described in this Act without developing a wholly new system and shall include in the final report a determination as to whether such extension or adaptation is technically feasible and operationally preferable.
(c) Domestic Unmanned Aircraft Systems Industrial Base Compatibility.--The Secretary shall ensure that the assessment and any recommended framework account for the domestic small unmanned aircraft systems industrial base remediation efforts undertaken pursuant to section 914 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (10 U.S.C. 4811 note), including ensuring that unmanned aircraft systems platforms produced through those programs are compatible with any recommended command and control framework.
SEC. __7. SHARING OF FINDINGS WITH THE FEDERAL AVIATION
ADMINISTRATION.
(a) Transmission of Findings.--Not later than the date that is 30 days after the date of the submittal of the final report under section __4(b), the Secretary shall transmit to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration an unclassified summary of the findings and recommendations included in the report, with particular attention to findings regarding--
(1) open architecture and modular design principles applicable to unmanned system command and control systems;
(2) cybersecurity standards and frameworks evaluated or recommended for Department unmanned aircraft systems command and control systems that may have applicability to civil unmanned aircraft systems traffic management infrastructure;
(3) technical standards and interface specifications that could support interoperability between military and civil unmanned aircraft systems operations in shared airspace; and
(4) lessons learned from systems of allied and partner countries of the United States, regarding the integration of military, commercial, and civil unmanned aircraft systems operations within a unified airspace management framework.
(b) Purpose.--The purpose of subsection (a) is to inform any Federal Aviation Administration planning, rulemaking, or feasibility assessment related to civil unmanned aircraft system traffic management, beyond visual line of sight operations, or national airspace integration, including any activities undertaken pursuant to a feasibility assessment directed by Congress regarding a national unmanned aircraft systems traffic management system. Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the Secretary to disclose any classified information to the Administrator.
SEC. __8. FUNDING.
Amounts obligated or expended by the Secretary to carry out this subtitle shall be derived from amounts appropriated to the Department for research, development, test, and evaluation.
SEC. __9. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Command and control framework.--The term "command and control framework" means the software architecture, communications protocols, data standards, interface specifications, and associated hardware that together enable an operator or commander to task, direct, monitor, and receive data from one or more unmanned aircraft systems.
(2) Congressional defense committees.--The term "congressional defense committees" has the meaning given that term in section 101(a) of title 10, United States Code.
(3) Department.--The term "Department" means the Department of Defense.
(4) Modular open systems architecture.--The term "modular open systems architecture" has the meaning given to that term in section 4401(c) of title 10, United States Code, and means a design approach in which key interfaces are defined by widely supported and consensus-based standards, enabling components to be added, modified, replaced, or removed with minimal impact to the remainder of the system.
(5) Open architecture.--The term "open architecture" means a system design based on published, consensus-developed interface standards that permit systems from multiple vendors to interoperate, and that permits components to be updated, replaced, or added without redesign of the system as a whole.
(6) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Defense, unless otherwise specified.
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SA 6610. Mr. HAGERTY (for himself and Mr. Kim) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of division A, add the following:
TITLE XVII--BLOCKING LARGE-SCALE ADVERSARIAL DISTILLATION EFFORTS ACT OF 2026
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SEC. 1701. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as "Blocking Large-scale Adversarial Distillation Efforts Act of 2026" or "BLADE Act".
SEC. 1702. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) artificial intelligence models owned by United States private sector entities are essential for advancing economic and national security interests of the United States;
(2) many of the most advanced artificial intelligence models owned by United States entities are "closed-source models" whose unique technical characteristics are not openly shared or published;
(3) the unauthorized acquisition of model capabilities, such as model weights, model architectures, and other technical characteristics of closed-source artificial intelligence models, by persons of concern through model extraction attacks represents a threat to the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States, as well as the intellectual property rights and economic competitiveness of United States entities;
(4) the United States Government, in cooperation with private owners of closed-source artificial intelligence models, should take steps to identify, punish, and deter model extraction attacks on the protected capabilities of closed-source artificial intelligence models by persons of concern;
(5) model extraction attacks against United States closed-source artificial intelligence models allow foreign adversaries a short cut to acquiring advanced artificial intelligence capabilities; and
(6) authorized model training practices that adhere to the terms of service or are otherwise consistent with contractual terms set by the owners of closed-source artificial intelligence models are a legitimate research method that play an important role in artificial intelligence research and are fundamentally distinct from model extraction attacks addressed by this title.
SEC. 1703. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(2) Closed-source artificial intelligence model.--The term "closed-source artificial intelligence model" means any artificial intelligence model with the following characteristics:
(A) Proprietary key technical information, such as underlying model weights, that are necessary to reproduce and independently recreate the model and that are not willingly shared with third parties or otherwise made publicly available by the owner of the model.
(B) Access and use governed by terms of service or contractual agreements that are established by the owner of the model.
(C) Access that is provided via an application program interface or another consumer-facing, owner-controlled interface without enabling third parties to obtain, modify, or host the closed-source artificial intelligence model on their own data servers or other technology unless specifically authorized by the owner of the model.
(3) Country of concern.--The term "country of concern" means--
(A) the People's Republic of China, including the Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions;
(B) the Russian Federation; and
(C) any other foreign country--
(i) listed in Country Group D:5 in Supplement No. 1 to part 740 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, as published on January 1, 2026, that is designated by the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of State, as a country of concern for purposes of this section and for which notice of such designation has been published in the Federal Register; and
(ii) identified by the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the head of each agency that is a member of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, the Director of National Intelligence, and the heads of such other departments or agencies of the Federal Government as the President determines appropriate, pursuant to an assessment required by subsection (a) or (e) of section 1704.
(4) Person of concern.--The term "person of concern" means any foreign person that--
(A) is located or headquartered in, or the ultimate parent company of which is headquartered in, a country of concern;
(B) is operating under the direction or control of any entity located or headquartered in, or the ultimate parent company of which is headquartered in, a country of concern; or
(C) is conducting or attempting to conduct a model extraction attack against closed-source artificial intelligence models owned by United States persons and outside of authorized model training practices.
(5) Foreign person.--The term "foreign person" means a person that is not a United States person.
(6) Fraudulent account network provider.--
(A) In general.--The term "fraudulent account network provider" means any foreign person that knowingly and intentionally creates, obtains, maintains, sells, brokers, or otherwise provides access to an account that allows a person of concern to access a closed-source artificial intelligence model that the entity would otherwise be prohibited from accessing as a result of location restrictions in the terms of service or a contractual agreement created by the owner of the model.
(B) Exception.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), an entity that creates or transmits location information to enable persons within countries of concern to access the internet for purposes of freedom of expression is not, on the basis of that activity alone, a fraudulent account network provider.
(7) Model extraction attack.--
(A) In general.--The term "model extraction attack" means the unauthorized extracting of the capabilities of a closed-source artificial intelligence model to replicate, develop, train, or improve another artificial intelligence model, if such extraction--
(i) circumvents technical, contractual, or other access controls, identity verification requirements, or geographic access restrictions implemented by the owner of the model;
(ii) is conducted through fraudulent, misrepresented, or unauthorized credentials; or
(iii) violates the terms, conditions, or restrictions governing access to or use of the model, as established by the owner, that specifically prohibit the use of model outputs or interactions to replicate, develop, train, or improve another artificial intelligence model.
(B) Inference of purpose.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the purpose of extraction may be inferred from the totality of circumstances, including--
(i) the volume, structure, pattern, coordination, or timing of the extraction activity;
(ii) the concentration of extractions on specific model capabilities;
(iii) the use of multiple accounts in a coordinated manner; or
(iv) the correlation of extraction activity within the development timeline of another artificial intelligence model.
(C) Exclusion.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), model training activities conducted in compliance with the terms, conditions, and restrictions governing access to and use of a closed-source artificial intelligence model, or otherwise conducted within a permitted exception or the express authorization of the owner of the model, are not model extraction attacks.
(8) Operating committee for export policy.--The term "Operating Committee for Export Policy" means the Operating Committee for Export Policy referred to in section 1763(c) of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4822(c)).
(9) Owner.--The term "owner" means, with respect to a closed-source artificial intelligence model, the person that--
(A) holds intellectual property rights (including trade secret, copyright, patent, or other proprietary rights), contractual rights, or a combination thereof, sufficient to authorize or restrict third-party access to, use of, extraction from, or reproduction of the model, or any version, instance, or deployment the model, whether such rights were obtained through development, acquisition, assignment, license, or otherwise; and
(B) is a United States person.
(10) Person.--The term "person" means individual or entity.
(11) United states person.--The term "United States person" means--
(A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States;
(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; or
(C) any person located in the United States.
SEC. 1704.
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ASSESSMENT OF MODEL EXTRACTION ATTACKS AND
FRAUDULENT ACCOUNT NETWORK PROVIDERS.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the head of each agency that is a member of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, the Director of National Intelligence, and the heads of such other departments or agencies of the Federal Government as the President determines appropriate, shall complete an assessment to determine--
(1) which, if any, persons of concern have conducted or are currently conducting model extraction attacks against closed-source artificial intelligence models owned by United States persons;
(2) which, if any, persons of concern are fraudulent account network providers; and
(3) which, if any, artificial intelligence models have been derived from model extraction attacks by persons of concern against closed-source artificial intelligence models owned by United States persons or have benefitted from activities of persons of concern acting as fraudulent account network providers.
(b) Matters To Be Included.--The assessment required by subsection (a) shall include the following:
(1) A determination of which persons of concern--
(A) have either previously or are currently engaging in model extraction attacks; or
(B) are fraudulent account network providers.
(2) A determination of the countries, if any--
(A) from which model extraction attacks have originated; and
(B) in which fraudulent account network providers exist.
(3) An identification of which, if any, agencies or instrumentalities of governments of countries of concern have provided or are providing material assistance to entities identified pursuant to paragraph (1).
(4) An analysis of the methods employed by persons of concern identified pursuant to paragraph (1), including--
(A) the role of fraudulent account network providers in model extraction attacks, including, to the extent possible, the physical location of offices and data centers of such providers; and
(B) a determination, to the extent possible, of the number of attempted model extraction attacks that occurred during the 2 calendar years preceding the date on which the Secretary of Commerce begins the assessment required by subsection (a).
(5) An examination of the strengths and weaknesses of various detection approaches that can be used to determine whether a model extraction attack has occurred or is occurring.
(6) An assessment of the economic and national security consequences of successful model extraction attacks by persons of concern that occurred during the 2 calendar years preceding the date on which the Secretary of Commerce begins the assessment required by subsection (a).
(7) Steps detailing how the United States Government is assisting owners of closed-source artificial intelligence models that have been the target or victim of model extraction attacks in detecting model extraction attacks, deterring future model extraction attacks, and punishing persons of concern that engage in model extraction attacks or are fraudulent account network providers.
(8) A diplomatic strategy to leverage allies and partners of the United States in detecting and preventing model extraction attacks by persons of concern.
(c) Public Consultation.--
(1) In general.--In conducting the assessment required by subsection (a), the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the head of each agency that is a member of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, the Director of National Intelligence, and the heads of such other departments or agencies of the Federal Government as the President determines appropriate, shall consult with owners of closed-source artificial intelligence models that have been the targets or victims of model extraction attacks, academic experts, industry fora, and other appropriate entities--
(A) to identify patterns of behavior and methods of attackers to better inform efforts of the United States Government and the private sector to detect model extraction attacks;
(B) to develop best practices for defending against model extraction attacks; and
(C) to develop best practices for identifying activities of fraudulent account network providers that facilitate model extraction attacks.
(2) Voluntary participation.--The participation of owners of closed-source artificial intelligence models described in paragraph (1) in consultations under that paragraph shall be voluntary.
(d) Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 210 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the heads of such other departments or agencies of the Federal Government as the President determines appropriate, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that, as appropriate, contains the findings of the assessment required by subsection (a).
(2) Updates.--Not later than one year after submitting the report required by paragraph (1), and annually thereafter for 3 years, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to the report listing any additional persons of concern identified pursuant to subsection (a).
(3) Form.--The report required by paragraph (1), and each update required by paragraph (2), shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
(e) Routine Assessment.--The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the head of each agency that is a member of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, the Director of National Intelligence, and the heads of such other departments or agencies of the Federal Government as the President determines appropriate, shall routinely assess for--
(1) model extraction attacks directed against owners of closed-source artificial intelligence models that occur after the date of completion of the assessment required by subsection (a);
(2) fraudulent account network providers that facilitate model extraction attacks after that date;
(3) artificial intelligence models that have been derived from model extraction attacks by persons of concern against closed-source artificial intelligence models owned by United States persons or have benefitted from activities of persons of concern acting as fraudulent account network providers; and
(4) any material changes related to other matters specified in subsection (b).
(f) Industry Coordination.--The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence and the heads of such other departments or agencies of the Federal Government as the President determines appropriate, shall establish an information-sharing mechanism that allows owners of closed-source artificial intelligence models to voluntarily, quickly, and confidentially share information about model extraction attacks and fraudulent account network providers with the Department of Commerce.
(g) AI Model Extraction Attackers List.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the head of each agency that is a member of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, the Director of National Intelligence, and the heads of such other departments or agencies of the Federal Government as the President determines appropriate, shall--
(A) maintain a list, to be known as the "AI Model Extraction Attackers List", that displays information about--
(i) specific persons of concern identified pursuant to an assessment required by subsection (a) or (e) as having conducted or directed model extraction attacks in the past year; and
(ii) artificial intelligence models that have been derived from model extraction attacks by persons of concern against closed-source artificial intelligence models owned by United States persons or have benefitted from activities of persons of concern acting as fraudulent account network providers; and
(B) publish the list on a publicly available website of the Department of Commerce.
(2) Protection of confidential information.--The Secretary of Commerce may not, in publishing the list required by paragraph (1) on a publicly available website of the Department of Commerce, disclose confidential information provided by the owner of a closed-source artificial intelligence model without the express permission of the owner.
(h) Public Guidance.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 210 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the head of each agency that is a member of the Operating Committee for Export Policy, shall publish a report comprising of best practices to detect, prevent, and respond to model extraction attacks.
(2) Public access.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be publicly available.
(3) Protection of confidential information.--Any confidential information provided to the Secretary by the owner of a closed-source artificial intelligence model shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the "Freedom of Information Act"), unless the owner expressly consents to the disclosure.
SEC. 1705. DETERRING MODEL EXTRACTION ATTACKS AND FRAUDULENT
ACCOUNT NETWORK PROVIDERS.
(a) In General.--Not later than 210 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security, in coordination with the head of each agency that is a member of the End-User Review Committee, shall make a determination, by majority vote of the Committee, with respect to whether each entity described in subsection (b) should be added to the Entity List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security and set forth in Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulations.
(b) Entities Described.--An entity described in this subsection is--
(1) an entity that is a person of concern identified, under subsection (a) or (e) of section 1704, as having conducted model extraction attacks or having facilitated such attacks via fraudulent account networks; or
(2) a subsidiary of such an entity (to be determined by ownership of 50 percent or more in the aggregate, directly or indirectly).
SEC. 1706. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO MODEL
EXTRACTION ATTACKS AND FRAUDULENT ACCOUNT
NETWORK PROVIDERS.
(a) In General.--The President, may, pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of each person identified under subsection (a) or (e) of section 1704 as having conducted model extraction attacks or having facilitated such attacks via fraudulent account networks if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(b) Exceptions.--
(1) Exception relating to the provision of humanitarian assistance.--Sanctions under this section may not be imposed with respect to transactions or the facilitation of transactions for--
(A) the sale of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices;
(B) the provision of humanitarian assistance; or
(C) transporting goods or services that are necessary to carry out operations relating to humanitarian assistance.
(2) Exception for intelligence, law enforcement, and national security activities.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply to any authorized intelligence, law enforcement, or national security activities of the United States.
(c) Implementation.--The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.
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1702 and 1704) to carry out this section.
(d) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this section or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out this section shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
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SA 6611. Mr. CRUZ submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of part I of subtitle F of title VI, add the following:
SEC. 553. TREATMENT OF HOMESCHOOLED CHILDREN OF MEMBERS UNDER
STATE LAW.
Subchapter I of chapter 88 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
"Sec. 1790a. Treatment of homeschooled children of members
under State law
"A dependent child of a member of the armed forces who is educated at home and is covered by military orders for a permanent change of station to a location in a State shall be considered in compliance with all compulsory education and homeschooling provisions of law of the State, if the dependent child is in compliance with all the compulsory education and homeschooling provisions of law of that State or the State of the legal residence of the member.".
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SA 6612. Mr. SCHATZ (for Ms. Murkowski (for herself and Mr. Schatz)) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by Mr. Schatz to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end, add the following:
TITLE I--UNLOCKING NATIVE LANDS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMMERCE AND KEY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ACT OF 2026
SEC. 5101. MODIFICATION OF TRIBAL LEASES AND RIGHTS-OF-WAY
ACROSS INDIAN LAND.
(a) Leases of Trust or Restricted Lands.--The first section of the Act of August 9, 1955 (69 Stat. 539, chapter 615; 25 U.S.C. 415) (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), in the second sentence, by inserting ", land held in trust for any other Indian tribe, band, pueblo, village, community, component hand, or component reservation individually included (including parenthetically) on the most recent list published by the Secretary pursuant to section 104(a) of the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 5131(a))" after "Chehalis Reservation";
(2) by striking "That (a) any" and inserting the following:
"SECTION 1. LEASES OF TRUST OR RESTRICTED LANDS.
"(a) Authorized Purposes; Term; Approval by Secretary.--Any"; and
(3) in subsection (h)(1)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking "and the term of the lease does not exceed--" and inserting a period; and
(B) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B).
(b) Technical Correction.--Section 2 of the Act of August 9, 1955 (69 Stat. 539, chapter 615; 25 U.S.C. 415a) (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), is amended by inserting "of the Interior" after "Secretary" each place it appears.
(c) Modifications of Rights-of-Way Across Indian Land.--The Act of February 5, 1948 (62 Stat. 17, chapter 45), is amended--
(1) in the first section (62 Stat. 17, chapter 45; 25 U.S.C. 323), by striking "That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, empowered to" and inserting the following:
"SECTION 1. RIGHTS-OF-WAY FOR ALL PURPOSES ACROSS INDIAN
LAND.
"(a) Rights-of-Way.--The Secretary of the Interior may";
(2) in section 2 (62 Stat. 18, chapter 45; 25 U.S.C. 324), by striking "organized under the Act of June 18, 1934 (48 Stat. 984), as amended; the Act of May 1, 1936 (49 Stat. 1250); or the Act of June 26, 1936 (49 Stat. 1967),"; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 8. TRIBAL GRANTS OF RIGHTS-OF-WAY.
"(a) Rights-of-Way.--
"(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), an Indian tribe may grant a right-of-way over and across the Tribal land of the Indian tribe for any purpose.
"(2) Authority.--A right-of-way granted under paragraph (1) shall not require the approval of the Secretary of the Interior or a grant by the Secretary of the Interior under the section 1 if the right-of-way granted under paragraph (1) is executed in accordance with a Tribal regulation approved by the Secretary of the Interior under subsection (b).
"(b) Review of Tribal Regulations.--
"(1) Tribal regulation submission and approval.--
"(A) Submission.--An Indian tribe seeking to grant a right-of-way under subsection (a) shall submit for approval a Tribal regulation governing the granting of rights-of-way over and across the Tribal land of the Indian tribe.
"(B) Approval.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary of the Interior shall have the authority to approve or disapprove any Tribal regulation submitted under subparagraph (A).
"(2) Considerations for approval.--
"(A) In general.--The Secretary of the Interior shall approve a Tribal regulation submitted under paragraph (1)(A), if the Tribal regulation--
"(i) is consistent with any regulations (or successor regulations) issued by the Secretary of the Interior under section 4;
"(ii) provides for an environmental review process that includes--
"(I) the identification and evaluation of any significant impacts the proposed action may have on the environment; and
"(II) a process for ensuring--
"(aa) that the public is informed of, and has a reasonable opportunity to comment on, any significant environmental impacts of the proposed action identified by the Indian tribe under subclause (I); and
"(bb) the Indian tribe provides a response to each relevant and substantive public comment on the significant environmental impacts identified by the Indian tribe under subclause (I) before the Indian tribe approves the right-of-way.
"(B) Statutory exemptions.--The Secretary of the Interior, in making an approval decision under this subsection, shall not be subject to--
"(i) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);
"(ii) section 306108 of title 54, United States Code; or
"(iii) the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).
"(3) Review process.--
"(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Indian tribe submits a Tribal regulation to the Secretary of the Interior under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary of the Interior shall--
"(i) review the Tribal regulation;
"(ii) approve or disapprove the Tribal regulation; and
"(iii) notify the Indian tribe that submitted the Tribal regulation of the approval or disapproval.
"(B) Written documentation.--If the Secretary of the Interior disapproves a Tribal regulation submitted under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary of the Interior shall include with the disapproval notification under subparagraph (A)(iii) written documentation describing the basis for the disapproval.
"(C) Extension.--The Secretary of the Interior may, after consultation with the Indian tribe that submitted a Tribal regulation under paragraph (1)(A), extend the 180-day period described in subparagraph (A).
"(4) Federal environmental review.--Notwithstanding paragraphs (2) and (3), if an Indian tribe carries out a project or activity funded by a Federal agency, the Indian tribe may rely on the environmental review process of the applicable Federal agency rather than any Tribal environmental review process required under this subsection.
"(c) Documentation.--An Indian tribe granting a right-of-way under subsection (a) shall provide to the Secretary of the Interior--
"(1) a copy of the right-of-way, including any amendments or renewals; and
"(2) if the right-of-way allows for compensation to be made directly to the Indian tribe, documentation of payments that are sufficient, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior, as to enable the Secretary of the Interior to discharge the trust responsibility of the United States under subsection (d).
"(d) Trust Responsibility.--
"(1) In general.--The United States shall not be liable for losses sustained by any party to a right-of-way granted under subsection (a).
"(2) Authority of the secretary.--
"(A) In general.--Pursuant to the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to fulfill the trust obligation of the United States to the applicable Indian tribe under Federal law (including regulations), the Secretary of the Interior may, on reasonable notice from the applicable Indian tribe and at the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior, enforce the provisions of, or cancel, any right-of-way granted by the Indian tribe under subsection (a).
"(B) Authority.--The enforcement or cancellation of a right-of-way under subparagraph (A) shall be conducted using regulatory procedures issued under section 6.
"(e) Compliance.--
"(1) In general.--An interested party, after exhaustion of any applicable Tribal remedies, may submit a petition to the Secretary of the Interior, at such time and in such form as determined by the Secretary of the Interior, to review the compliance of an applicable Indian tribe with a Tribal regulation approved by the Secretary of the Interior under subsection (b).
"(2) Violations.--If the Secretary of the Interior determines that a Tribal regulation was violated after conducting a review under paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Interior may take any action the Secretary of the Interior determines to be necessary to remedy the violation, including rescinding the approval of the Tribal regulation and reassuming responsibility for approving rights-of-way through the trust land of the applicable Indian tribe.
"(3) Documentation.--If the Secretary of the Interior determines that a Tribal regulation was violated after conducting a review under paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Interior shall--
"(A) provide written documentation, with respect to the Tribal regulation that has been violated, to the appropriate interested party and Indian tribe;
"(B) provide the applicable Indian tribe with a written notice of the alleged violation; and
"(C) prior to the exercise of any remedy, including rescinding the approval for the applicable Tribal regulation or reassuming responsibility for approving rights-of-way through the trust land of the applicable Indian tribe, provide the applicable Indian tribe with--
"(i) a hearing that is on the record; and
"(ii) a reasonable opportunity to cure the alleged violation.
"(f) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section affects the application of any Tribal regulations issued under Federal environmental law.
"(g) Effect of Tribal Regulations.--An approved Tribal regulation under subsection (b) shall not preclude an Indian tribe from, in the discretion of the Indian tribe, consenting to the grant of a right-of-way by the Secretary of the Interior under the section 1.
"(h) Terms of Right-of-Way.--The compensation for, and terms of, a right-of-way granted under subsection (a) will be determined by--
"(1) negotiations by the Indian tribe; or
"(2) the regulations of the Indian tribe.
"(i) Jurisdiction.--The grant of a right-of-way under subsection (a) does not waive the sovereign immunity of the Indian tribe or diminish the jurisdiction of that Indian tribe over the Tribal land subject to the right-of-way, unless otherwise provided in--
"(1) the grant of the right-of-way; or
"(2) the regulations of the Indian tribe.".
TITLE II--SOUTHCENTRAL FOUNDATION LAND TRANSFER ACT OF 2026
SEC. 5201. SOUTHCENTRAL FOUNDATION LAND TRANSFER.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) SCF.--The term "SCF" means the Southcentral Foundation located in Anchorage, Alaska.
(2) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
(b) Conveyance of Property to SCF.--
(1) In general.--As soon as practicable, but not later than 2 years, after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall convey to SCF all right, title, and interest of the United States in and to the property described in paragraph (2) for use in connection with health and social services programs.
(2) Property described.--The property, including all land, improvements, and appurtenances, referred to in this subsection is the approximately 3.372 acres located in Lot 1A, Block 36 East Addition, Anchorage Townsite Subdivision in Anchorage, Alaska, according to the official plat thereof, filed under Plat No.
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2025-11, records of the Anchorage Recording District, Third Judicial District, State of Alaska.
(c) Conditions of Conveyance.--
(1) Conditions.--The conveyance under paragraph (1) of subsection (b)--
(A) shall be made by warranty deed; and
(B) shall not--
(i) require any consideration from SCF for the property described in paragraph (2) of that subsection;
(ii) impose any obligation, term, or condition on SCF relating to that property; or
(iii) allow for any reversionary interest of the United States in that property.
(2) Effect on any quitclaim deed.--The conveyance by the Secretary under paragraph (1) of subsection (b) by warranty deed shall, on the effective date of the conveyance, supersede, and render of no future effect, any quitclaim deed to the property described in paragraph (2) of that subsection executed by the Secretary and SCF.
(3) Easement.--The Secretary shall be accorded any easement or access to the property conveyed under subsection (b)(1) as may be reasonably necessary to satisfy any retained obligation or liability of the Secretary.
(d) Environmental Liability.--
(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, SCF shall not be liable for any soil, surface water, groundwater, or other contamination resulting from the disposal, release, or presence of any environmental contamination described in paragraph (2) on any portion of the property described in subsection (b)(1) that occurred on or before the date on which the property is conveyed to SCF under that subsection, except that the Secretary shall not be liable for any contamination that occurred after the date that SCF controlled, occupied, and used the property.
(2) Environmental contamination.--Environmental contamination referred to in
paragraph (1) includes any oil or petroleum products, hazardous substances, hazardous materials, hazardous waste, pollutants, toxic substances, solid waste, or any other environmental contamination or hazard as defined in any Federal or State of Alaska law.
(3) Notice of hazardous substance activity and warranty.--In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall comply with section 120(h) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 9620(h)).
(4) Limitation on applicability.--This subsection shall only apply to the property conveyance specifically required by this section.
TITLE III--TRUTH AND HEALING COMMISSION ON INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL POLICIES ACT OF 2026
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SEC. 5301. SHORT TITLE.
This division may be cited as the "Truth and Healing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policies Act of 2026".
SEC. 5302. PURPOSES.
The purposes of this division are--
(1) to establish a Truth and Healing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policies in the United States, including other necessary advisory committees and subcommittees;
(2) to formally investigate, document, and report on the histories of Indian Boarding Schools, Indian Boarding School Polices, and the systematic and long-term effects of those schools and policies on Native American peoples;
(3) to develop recommendations for Federal efforts based on the findings of the Commission; and
(4) to promote healing for survivors of Indian Boarding Schools, the descendants of those survivors, and the communities of those survivors.
SEC. 5303. DEFINITIONS.
In this division:
(1) Commission.--The term "Commission" means the Truth and Healing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policies in the United States established by section 5311(a).
(2) Federal and religious truth and healing advisory committee.--The term "Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee" means the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee established by section 5322(a).
(3) Indian.--The term "Indian" has the meaning given the term in section 6151 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7491).
(4) Indian boarding school.--The term "Indian Boarding School" means--
(A) a site of an institution that--
(i) provided on-site housing or overnight lodging;
(ii) was described in Federal records as providing formal academic or vocational training and instruction to Native Americans;
(iii) received Federal funds or other Federal support; and
(iv) was operational before 1969;
(B) a site of an institution identified by the Department of the Interior in appendices A and B of the report entitled "Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative Investigative Report" and dated May 2022 (or a successor report); or
(C) any other institution that implemented Indian Boarding School Policies, including an Indian day school.
(5) Indian boarding school policies.--The term "Indian Boarding School Policies" means Federal laws, policies, and practices purported to "assimilate" and "civilize" Native Americans that included psychological, physical, sexual, and mental abuse, forced removal from home or community, and identity-altering practices intended to terminate Native languages, cultures, religions, social organizations, or connections to traditional land.
(6) Indian tribe.--The term "Indian Tribe" has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
(7) Native american.--The term "Native American" means an individual who is--
(A) an Indian; or
(B) a Native Hawaiian.
(8) Native american truth and healing advisory committee.--The term "Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee" means the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee established by the Commission under section 5321(a).
(9) Native hawaiian.--The term "Native Hawaiian" has the meaning given the term in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517).
(10) Native hawaiian organization.--The term "Native Hawaiian organization" means a private nonprofit organization that--
(A) serves and represents the interests of Native Hawaiians;
(B) has as its primary and stated purpose the provision of services to Native Hawaiians;
(C) has Native Hawaiians serving in substantive and policymaking positions; and
(D) has expertise in Native Hawaiian affairs.
(11) Office of hawaiian affairs.--The term "Office of Hawaiian Affairs" has the meaning given the term in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517).
(12) Survivors truth and healing subcommittee.--The term "Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee" means the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee established by section 5313(a).
(13) Trauma-informed care.--The term "trauma-informed care" means holistic psychological and health care practices that include promoting culturally responsive practices, patient psychological, physical, and emotional safety, and environments of healing, trust, peer support, and recovery.
(14) Tribal organization.--The term "Tribal organization" has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
CHAPTER 1--TRUTH AND HEALING COMMISSION ON INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL POLICIES IN THE UNITED STATES
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SEC. 5311. TRUTH AND HEALING COMMISSION ON INDIAN BOARDING
SCHOOL POLICIES IN THE UNITED STATES.
(a) Establishment.--There is established in the legislative branch a commission, to be known as the "Truth and Healing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policies in the United States".
(b) Membership.--
(1) Appointment.--Nominees submitted under paragraph (2)(A) shall be appointed as members to the Commission as follows:
(A) 1 member shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate, in consultation with the Chairperson of the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate.
(B) 1 member shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate, in consultation with the Vice Chairperson of the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate.
(C) 1 member shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, in consultation with the Chair of the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives.
(D) 1 member shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives, in consultation with the Ranking Member of the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives.
(E) 1 member shall be jointly appointed by the Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate.
(2) Nominations.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, Native Americans, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian organizations may submit to the Secretary of the Interior nominations for individuals to be appointed as members of the Commission.
(B) Submission to congress.--Not later than 7 days after the submission deadline for nominations described in subparagraph (A), the Secretary of the Interior shall submit to Congress a list of the individuals nominated under that subparagraph.
(C) Qualifications.--
(i) In general.--Nominees to serve on the Commission shall have significant experience in matters relating to--
(I) overseeing or leading complex research initiatives with and for Indian Tribes and Native Americans;
(II) indigenous human rights law and policy;
(III) Tribal court judicial and restorative justice systems and Federal agencies, such as participation as a Tribal judge, researcher, or former presidentially appointed commissioner;
(IV) providing and coordinating trauma-informed care and other health-related services to Indian Tribes and Native Americans; or
(V) traditional and cultural resources and practices in Native communities.
(ii) Additional qualifications.--In addition to the qualifications described in clause (i), each member of the Commission shall be an individual of recognized integrity and empathy, with a demonstrated commitment to the values of truth, reconciliation, healing, and expertise in truth and healing endeavors that are traditionally and culturally appropriate so as to provide balanced points of view and expertise with respect to the duties of the Commission.
(3) Date.--Members of the Commission under paragraph (1) shall be appointed not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(4) Period of appointment; vacancies; removal.--
(A) Period of appointment.--A member of the Commission shall be appointed for a term that is the shorter of--
(i) 6 years; and
(ii) the life of the Commission.
(B) Vacancies.--After all initial members of the Commission are appointed and the initial business meeting of the Commission has been convened under subsection (c)(1), a single vacancy in the Commission--
(i) shall not affect the powers of the Commission; and
(ii) shall be filled within 90 days in the same manner as was the original appointment.
(C) Removal.--A quorum of members of the Commission may remove a member of the Commission only for neglect of duty or malfeasance.
(5) Termination.--The Commission shall terminate 6 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(6) Limitation.--No member of the Commission may otherwise be an officer or employee of the Federal Government.
(c) Business Meetings.--
(1) Initial business meeting.--90 days after the date on which all of the members of the Commission are appointed under subsection (b)(1)(A), the Commission shall hold
the initial business meeting of the Commission--
(A) to appoint a Chairperson, a Vice Chairperson, and such other positions as determined necessary by the Commission;
(B) to establish rules for meetings of the Commission; and
(C) to appoint members of--
(i) the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee under section 5313(b)(1); and
(ii) the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee under section 5321(b)(1).
(2) Subsequent business meetings.--After the initial business meeting of the Commission is held under paragraph (1), the Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairperson.
(3) Advisory and subcommittee committees designees.--Each Commission business meeting shall include participation by 2 non-voting designees from each of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee, the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, and the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, as appointed in accordance with section 5313(c)(1)(D), section 5321(e)(1)(C), and section 5322(c)(1)(B), as applicable.
(4) Format of meetings.--A business meeting of the Commission may be conducted in-person or virtually.
(5) Quorum required.--A business meeting of the Commission may be held only after a quorum, established in accordance with subsection (d), is present.
(d) Quorum.--A simple majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum for a business meeting.
(e) Rules.--The Commission may establish, by a majority vote, any rules for the conduct of Commission business, in accordance with this section and other applicable law.
(f) Commission Personnel Matters.--
(1) Compensation of commissioners.--A member of the Commission shall be compensated at a daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for grade 5 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code, for each day, not to exceed 10 days per month, for which a member is engaged in the performance of their duties under this division, limited to convening meetings, including public or private meetings to receive testimony in furtherance of the duties of the Commission and the purposes of this division.
(2) Travel expenses.--A member of the Commission shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the Commission.
(3) Detail of government employees.--Any Federal Government employee, with the approval of the head of the appropriate Federal agency and at the request of the Commission, may be detailed to the Commission without--
(A) reimbursement to the agency of that employee; and
(B) interruption or loss of civil service status, benefits, or privileges.
(g) Powers of Commission.--
(1) Convenings and information.--The Commission may, for the purpose of carrying out this division--
(A) hold such convenings and sit and act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such information, virtually or in-person, as the Commission may determine necessary to accomplish the purposes of this division;
(B) conduct or request such interdisciplinary research, investigation, or analysis of such information and documents, records, or other data as the Commission may determine necessary to accomplish the purposes of this division, including--
(i) securing, directly from a Federal agency, such information as the Commission considers necessary to accomplish the purposes of this division; and
(ii) requesting the head of any relevant Tribal or State agency to provide to the Commission such information as the Commission considers necessary to accomplish the purposes of this division;
(C) request such records, papers, correspondence, memoranda, documents, books, videos, oral histories, recordings, or any other paper or electronic material, as the Commission may determine necessary to accomplish the purposes of this division;
(D) oversee, direct, and collaborate with the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, and the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee to accomplish the purposes of this division; and
(E) coordinate with Federal and non-Federal entities to preserve and archive, as appropriate, any gifts, documents, or other property received while carrying out the purposes of this division.
(2) Contracting; volunteer services.--
(A) Contracting.--The Commission may, to such extent and in such amounts as are provided in appropriations Acts, and in accordance with applicable law, enter into contracts and other agreements with public agencies, private organizations, and individuals to enable the Commission to carry out the duties of the Commission under this division.
(B) Volunteer and uncompensated services.--Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, United States Code, the Commission may accept and use such voluntary and uncompensated services as the Commission determines to be necessary.
(C) General services administration.--The Administrator of General Services shall provide, on request of the Commission, on a reimbursable basis, administrative support and other services for the performance of the functions of the Commission under this division.
(3) Postal services.--The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other agencies of the Federal Government.
(4) Gifts, fundraising, and disbursement.--
(A) Gifts and donations.--
(i) In general.--The Commission may accept, use, and dispose of any gift, donation, service, property, or other record or recording to accomplish the purposes of this division.
(ii) Return of gifts and donations.--On termination of the Commission under subsection (b)(5), any gifts, unspent donations, property, or other record or recording accepted by the Commission under clause (i) shall be--
(I) returned to the donor that made the donation under that clause; or
(II) archived under subparagraph (E).
(B) Fundraising.--The Commission may, on the affirmative vote of \3/5\ of the members of the Commission, solicit funds to accomplish the purposes of this division.
(C) Disbursement.--The Commission may, on the affirmative vote of \3/5\ of the members of the Commission, approve a spending plan of funds to accomplish the purposes of this division.
(D) Tax documents.--The Commission (or a designee) shall, on request of a donor under subparagraph (A) or (B), provide tax documentation to that donor for any tax-deductible gift made by that donor under those subparagraphs.
(E) Archiving.--The Commission shall coordinate with the Library of Congress and the Smithsonian Institution to archive and preserve relevant gifts or donations received under subparagraph (A) or (B).
(h) Convening.--
(1) Convening protocol.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 45 days after the initial business meeting of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, the Commission, 3 designees from the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, and 3 designees from the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall hold a meeting to recommend rules, protocols, and formats for convenings carried out under this subsection.
(B) Rules and protocols.--Not later than 45 days after the initial meeting described in subparagraph (A), the Commission shall finalize rules, protocols, and formats for convenings carried out under this subsection by a \3/5\ majority in attendance at a meeting of the Commission.
(C) Additional meetings.--The Commission and designees described in subparagraph (A) may hold additional
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meetings, as necessary, to amend, by a \3/5\ majority in attendance at a meeting of the Commission, the rules, protocols, and formats for convenings established under that subparagraph.
(2) Announcement of convenings.--Not later than 30 days before the date of a convening under this subsection, the Commission shall announce the location and details of the convening.
(3) Minimum number of convenings.--The Commission shall hold--
(A) not fewer than 1 convening in each of the 12 regions of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and in Hawai`i during the life of the Commission; and
(B) beginning 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, not fewer than 1 convening in each quarter to receive testimony each calendar year until the date on which the Commission submits the final report of the Commission under section 5312(e)(3).
(4) Opportunity to provide testimony.--No person or entity shall be denied the opportunity to provide relevant testimony or information at a convening held under this subsection, except at the discretion of the Chairperson of the Commission (or a designee).
(i) Federal Advisory Committee Act Applicability.--Chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the "Federal Advisory Committee Act"), shall not apply to the Commission.
(j) Congressional Accountability Act Applicability.--For purposes of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.)--
(1) any individual who is an employee of the Commission shall be considered a covered employee under that Act; and
(2) the Commission shall be considered an employing office under that Act; and
(3) a member of the Commission shall be considered a covered employee under that Act.
(k) Consultation or Engagement With Native Americans, Indian Tribes, Tribal Organizations, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian Organizations.--In carrying out the duties of the Commission under section 5312, the Commission shall meaningfully consult or engage, as appropriate, in a timely manner with Native Americans, Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian organizations.
(l) Funding.--Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to section 105 of
the Indian Land Consolidation Act Amendments of 2000 (25 U.S.C. 2201 note; Public Law 106-462) and section 403 of the Indian Financing Act of 1974 (25 U.S.C. 1523), $90,000,000 shall be used to carry out this division.
SEC. 5312. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION.
(a) Investigation.--
(1) In general.--The Commission shall conduct a comprehensive interdisciplinary investigation of Indian Boarding School Policies, including the social, cultural, economic, emotional, and physical effects of Indian Boarding School Policies in the United States on Native American communities, Indian Tribes, survivors of Indian Boarding Schools, families of those survivors, and their descendants.
(2) Matters to be investigated.--The matters to be investigated by the Commission under paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum--
(A) conducting a comprehensive review of existing research and historical records of Indian Boarding School Policies and any documentation, scholarship, or other resources relevant to the purposes of this division from--
(i) any archive or any other document storage location, notwithstanding the location of that archive or document storage location; and
(ii) any research conducted by private individuals, private entities, and non-Federal Government entities, whether domestic or foreign, including religious institutions;
(B) collaborating with the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee to obtain all relevant information from--
(i) the Department of the Interior, the Department of Health and Human Services, other relevant Federal agencies, and institutions or organizations, including religious institutions or organizations, that operated an Indian Boarding School, carried out Indian Boarding School Policies, or have information that the Commission determines to be relevant to the investigation of the Commission; and
(ii) Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, Native Americans, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian organizations; and
(C) conducting a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of Indian Boarding School Policies on Native American students and alumni, including the impact on cultures, traditions, and languages.
(3) Research related to objects, artifacts, and real property.--If the Commission conducts a comprehensive review of research described in paragraph (2)(A)(ii) that focuses on objects, artifacts, or real or personal property that are in the possession or control of private individuals, private entities, or non-Federal Government entities within the United States, the Commission may enter into a contract or agreement to acquire, hold, curate, or maintain those objects, artifacts, or real or personal property until the objects, artifacts, or real or personal property can be properly repatriated or returned, consistent with applicable Federal law, subject to the condition that no Federal funds may be used to purchase those objects, artifacts, or real or personal property.
(b) Meetings and Convenings.--
(1) In general.--The Commission shall hold, with the advice of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee and the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee, and in coordination with, as relevant, Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian organizations, as part of its investigation under subsection (a), safe, trauma-informed, and culturally appropriate public or private meetings or convenings to receive testimony relating to that investigation.
(2) Requirements.--The Commission shall ensure that meetings and convenings held under paragraph (1) provide access to adequate trauma-informed care services for participants, attendees, and communities during and following the meetings and convenings where the Commission receives testimony, including ensuring that private space is available for survivors and descendants of survivors, family members, and other community members to receive trauma-informed care services.
(c) Recommendations.--
(1) In general.--The Commission shall make recommendations to Congress relating to the investigation carried out under subsection (a), which shall be included in the final report required under subsection (e)(3).
(2) Inclusions.--Recommendations made under paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum, recommendations relating to--
(A) in light of Tribal and Native Hawaiian law, Tribal customary law, tradition, custom, and practice, how the Federal Government can meaningfully acknowledge the role of the Federal Government in supporting Indian Boarding School Policies in all issue areas that the Commission determines relevant, including appropriate forms of memorialization, preservation of records, objects, artifacts, and burials;
(B) how modification of existing statutes, procedures, regulations, policies, budgets, and practices will, in the determination of the Commission, address the findings of the Commission and ongoing effects of Indian Boarding School Policies;
(C) how the Federal Government can promote public awareness of, and education about, Indian Boarding School Policies and the impacts of those policies, including through coordinating with the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee, the Smithsonian Institution, and other relevant institutions and organizations; and
(D) the views of religious institutions.
(d) Duties Related to Burials.--The Commission shall, with respect to burial sites associated with Indian Boarding Schools--
(1) coordinate, as appropriate, with the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee, lineal descendants, Indian Tribes, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Federal agencies, institutions, and organizations to locate and identify, in a culturally appropriate manner, marked and unmarked burial sites, including cemeteries, unmarked graves, and mass burial sites, where students of Indian Boarding Schools were originally or later interred;
(2) locate, document, analyze, and coordinate the preservation or continued preservation of records and information relating to the interment of students, including any records held by Federal, State, international, or local entities or religious institutions or organizations; and
(3) share, to the extent practicable, with affected lineal descendants, Indian Tribes, and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs burial locations and the identities of children who attended Indian Boarding Schools.
(e) Reports.--
(1) Annual reports to congress.--Not less frequently than annually until the year before the year in which the Commission terminates, the Commission shall submit to the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives a report that describes the activities of the Commission during the previous year, including an accounting of funds and gifts received and expenditures made, the progress made, and any barriers encountered in carrying out this division.
(2) Commission initial report.--Not later than 4 years after the date on which a majority of the members of the Commission are appointed under section 5311(b)(1), the Commission shall submit to the individuals described in paragraph (4), and make publicly available, an initial report containing--
(A) a detailed review of existing research, including documentation, scholarship, or other resources shared with the Commission that further the purposes of this division;
(B) a detailed statement of the initial findings and conclusions of the Commission; and
(C) a detailed statement of the initial recommendations of the Commission.
(3) Commission final report.--Before the termination of the Commission, the Commission shall submit to the individuals described in paragraph (4), and make publicly available, a final report containing the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the Commission that have been agreed on by the vote of a majority of the members of the Commission and \3/5\ of the members of each of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee and the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee.
(4) Report recipients.--The individuals referred to in paragraphs (2) and (3) are--
(A) the President;
(B) the Secretary of the Interior;
(C) the Attorney General;
(D) the Comptroller General of the United States;
(E) the Secretary of Education;
(F) the Secretary of Health and Human Services;
(G) the Secretary of Defense;
(H) the Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate;
(I) the Chairperson and ranking minority member of the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives;
(J) the Co-Chairs of the Congressional Native American Caucus;
(K) the Executive Director of the White House Council on Native American Affairs;
(L) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;
(M) the Archivist of the United States;
(N) the Librarian of Congress; and
(O) the Director of the National Museum of the American Indian.
(5) Additional commission responsibilities relating to the publication of the initial and final reports.--
(A) Events relating to initial report.--
(i) In general.--The Commission shall hold not fewer than 2 events in each region of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and in Hawai`i following publication of the initial report under paragraph (2) to receive comments on the initial report.
(ii) Timing.--The schedule of events referred to in clause (i) shall be announced not later than 90 days after the date on which the initial report under paragraph (2) is published.
(B) Publication of final report.--Not later than
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180 days after the date on which the Commission submits the final report under paragraph (3), the Commission, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall each make the final report publicly available on the website of the applicable agency.
(6) Secretarial response to final report.--Not later than 120 days after the date on which the Secretary of the Interior, the
Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Health and Human Services receive the final report under paragraph (3), the Secretaries shall each make publicly available a written response to recommendations for future action by those agencies, if any, contained in the final report, and submit the written response to--
(A) the President;
(B) the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives; and
(D) the Comptroller General of the United States.
SEC. 5313. SURVIVORS TRUTH AND HEALING SUBCOMMITTEE.
(a) Establishment.--There is established a subcommittee of the Commission, to be known as the "Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee".
(b) Membership, Nomination, and Appointment to the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee.--
(1) Membership.--The Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall include 15 members, to be appointed by the Commission, in consultation with the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition, from among the nominees submitted under paragraph (2)(A), of whom--
(A) 12 shall be representatives from each of the 12 regions of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and 1 shall be a representative from Hawai`i;
(B) 9 shall be individuals who attended an Indian Boarding School of whom--
(i) not fewer than 2 shall be individuals who graduated during the 5-year period preceding the date of the enactment of this Act from--
(I) an Indian Boarding School in operation as of that date of the enactment; or
(II) a Bureau of Indian Education-funded school; and
(ii) all shall represent diverse regions of the United States;
(C) 5 shall be descendants of individuals who attended Indian Boarding Schools, who shall represent diverse regions of the United States; and
(D) 1 shall be an educator who, as of the date of the appointment--
(i) is employed at an Indian Boarding School; or
(ii) was employed at an Indian Boarding School during the 5-year period preceding the date of the enactment of this Act.
(2) Nominations.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, Native Americans, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian organizations may submit to the Secretary of the Interior nominations for individuals to be appointed as members of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee.
(B) Submission.--The Secretary of the Interior shall provide the Commission with nominations submitted under subparagraph (A) at the initial business meeting of the Commission under section 5311(c)(1) and the Commission shall select the members of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee from among those nominees.
(3) Date.--
(A) In general.--The Commission shall appoint all members of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee during the initial business meeting of the Commission under section 5311(c)(1).
(B) Failure to appoint.--If the Commission fails to appoint all members of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee in accordance with subparagraph (A), the Chair of the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate, with the concurrence of the Vice Chair of the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate, shall appoint individuals, in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (1), to all vacant positions of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee not later than 30 days after the date of the initial business meeting of the Commission under section 5311(c)(1).
(4) Period of appointment; vacancies; removal.--
(A) Period of appointment.--A member of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall be appointed for an automatically renewable term of 2 years.
(B) Vacancies.--
(i) In general.--A member of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee may vacate the position at any time and for any reason.
(ii) Effect; filling of vacancy.--A vacancy in the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee--
(I) shall not affect the powers of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee if a simple majority of the positions of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee are filled; and
(II) shall be filled within 90 days in the same manner as was the original appointment.
(C) Removal.--A quorum of members of the Commission may remove a member of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee only for neglect of duty or malfeasance.
(5) Termination.--The Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Commission submits the final report required under section 5312(e)(3).
(6) Limitation.--No member of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee may otherwise be an officer or employee of the Federal Government.
(c) Business Meetings.--
(1) Initial meeting.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which all members of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee are appointed under subsection (b)(1), the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall hold an initial business meeting--
(A) to appoint--
(i) a Chairperson, who shall also serve as the Vice Chairperson of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee;
(ii) a Vice Chairperson, who shall also serve as the Vice Chairperson of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee; and
(iii) other positions, as determined necessary by the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee;
(B) to establish, with the advice of the Commission, rules for the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee;
(C) to appoint 3 designees to fulfill the responsibilities described in section 5311(h)(1)(A); and
(D) to appoint, with the advice of the Commission, 2 members of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee to serve as non-voting designees on the Commission in accordance with section 5311(c)(3).
(2) Subsequent business meetings.--After the initial business meeting of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee is held under paragraph (1), the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall meet at the call of the Chairperson.
(3) Format of business meetings.--A business meeting of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee may be conducted in-person or virtually.
(4) Quorum required.--A business meeting of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee may be held only after a quorum, established in accordance with subsection (d), is present.
(d) Quorum.--A simple majority of the members of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall constitute a quorum for a business meeting.
(e) Rules.--The Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee, with the advice of the Commission, may establish, by a majority vote, any rules for the conduct of business, in accordance with this section and other applicable law.
(f) Duties.--The Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall--
(1) assist the Commission, the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, and the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee in coordinating public and private convenings, including providing advice to the Commission on developing criteria and protocols for convenings;
(2) provide advice and evaluate Committee recommendations relating to the commemoration and public education relating to Indian Boarding Schools and Indian Boarding School Policies;
(3) assist the Commission--
(A) in the production of the initial and final reports required under paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively, of section 5312(e); and
(B) by providing such other advice, or fulfilling such other requests, as may be required by the Commission; and
(4) coordinate with the Commission, the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, and the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee.
(g) Consultation or Engagement With Native Americans, Indian Tribes, Tribal Organizations, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian Organizations.--In carrying out the duties of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee under subsection (f), the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall meaningfully consult or engage, as appropriate, in a timely manner with Native Americans, Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian organizations.
(h) Federal Advisory Committee Act Applicability.--Chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the "Federal Advisory Committee Act"), shall not apply to the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee.
(i) Congressional Accountability Act Applicability.--For purposes of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.), any individual who is a member of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall be considered a covered employee under that Act.
(j) Personnel Matters.--
(1) Compensation of members.--A member of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall be compensated at a daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for grade 7, step 1, of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code, for each day, not to exceed 10 days per month, for which a member of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee is engaged in the performance of their duties under this division limited to convening meetings, including public and private meetings to receive testimony in furtherance of the duties of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee and the purposes of this division.
(2) Travel expenses.--A member of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee shall be allowed travel expenses, including
per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee.
CHAPTER 1--NATIVE AMERICAN TRUTH AND HEALING ADVISORY COMMITTEE
SEC. 5321.
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NATIVE AMERICAN TRUTH AND HEALING ADVISORY
COMMITTEE.
(a) Establishment.--The Commission shall establish an advisory committee, to be known as the "Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee".
(b) Membership, Nomination, and Appointment to the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee.--
(1) Membership.--
(A) In general.--The Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall include 19 members, to be appointed by the Commission from among the nominees submitted under paragraph (2)(A), of whom--
(i) 1 shall be the Vice Chairperson of the Commission, who shall serve as the Chairperson of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee;
(ii) 1 shall be the Vice Chairperson of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee, who shall serve as the Vice Chairperson of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee;
(iii) 1 shall be the Secretary of the Interior, or a designee, who shall serve as the Secretary of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee;
(iv) 12 shall be representatives from each of the 12 regions of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and 1 shall be a representative from Hawai`i;
(v) 1 shall represent the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition;
(vi) 1 shall represent the National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers; and
(vii) 1 shall represent the National Indian Education Association.
(B) Additional requirements.--Not fewer than 2 members of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall have experience with health care or mental health, traditional healing or cultural practices, counseling, or working with survivors, or descendants of survivors, of Indian Boarding Schools to ensure that the Commission considers culturally responsive support for survivors, families, and communities.
(2) Nominations.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, Native Americans, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian organizations may submit to the Secretary of the Interior nominations for individuals to be appointed as members of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee.
(B) Submission.--The Secretary of the Interior shall provide the Commission with nominations submitted under subparagraph (A) at the initial business meeting of the Commission under section 5311(c)(1) and the Commission shall select the members of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee from among those nominees.
(3) Date.--
(A) In general.--The Commission shall appoint all members of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee during the initial business meeting of the Commission under section 5311(c)(1).
(B) Failure to appoint.--If the Commission fails to appoint all members of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee in accordance with subparagraph (A), the Chair of the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate, with the concurrence of the Vice Chair of the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate, shall appoint, in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (1), individuals to all vacant positions of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee not later than 30 days after the date of the initial business meeting of the Commission under section 5311(c)(1).
(4) Period of appointment; vacancies.--
(A) Period of appointment.--A member of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall be appointed for an automatically renewable term of 2 years.
(B) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee--
(i) shall not affect the powers of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee if a simple majority of the positions of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee are filled; and
(ii) shall be filled within 90 days in the same manner as was the original appointment.
(5) Termination.--The Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Commission submits the final report required under section 5312(e)(3).
(6) Limitation.--No member of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee (other than the member described in paragraph (1)(A)(iii)) may otherwise be an officer or employee of the Federal Government.
(c) Quorum.--A simple majority of the members of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall constitute a quorum.
(d) Removal.--A quorum of members of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee may remove another member only for neglect of duty or malfeasance.
(e) Business Meetings.--
(1) Initial business meeting.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which all members of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee are appointed under subsection (b)(1)(A), the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall hold an initial business meeting--
(A) to establish rules for the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee;
(B) to appoint 3 designees to fulfill the responsibilities described in section 5311(h)(1)(A); and
(C) to appoint 2 members of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee to serve as non-voting designees on the Commission in accordance with section 5311(c)(3).
(2) Subsequent business meetings.--After the initial business meeting of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee is held under paragraph (1), the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall meet at the call of the Chairperson.
(3) Format of business meetings.--A meeting of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee may be conducted in-person or virtually.
(4) Quorum required.--A business meeting of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee may be held only after a quorum, established in accordance with subsection (c), is present.
(f) Rules.--The Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee may establish, with the advice of the Commission, by a majority vote, any rules for the conduct of business, in accordance with this section and other applicable law.
(g) Duties.--The Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall--
(1) serve as an advisory body to the Commission;
(2) assist the Commission in organizing and carrying out culturally appropriate public and private convenings relating to the duties of the Commission;
(3) assist the Commission in determining what documentation from Federal and religious organizations and institutions may be necessary to fulfill the duties of the Commission;
(4) assist the Commission in the production of the initial report and final report required under paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively, of section 5312(e);
(5) coordinate with the Commission, the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, and the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee; and
(6) provide advice to, or fulfill such other requests by, the Commission as the Commission may require to carry out the purposes described in section 5002.
(h) Consultation or Engagement With Native Americans, Indian Tribes, Tribal Organizations, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian Organizations.--In carrying out the duties of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee under subsection (g), the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall meaningfully consult or engage, as appropriate, in a timely manner with Native Americans, Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian organizations.
(i) Federal Advisory Committee Act Applicability.--Chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the "Federal Advisory Committee Act"), shall not apply to the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee.
(j) Congressional Accountability Act Applicability.--For purposes of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.), any individual who is a member of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall be considered a covered employee under the Act.
(k) Personnel Matters.--
(1) Compensation of members.--A member of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall be compensated at a daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for grade 7, step 1, of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code, for each day, not to exceed 14 days per month, for which a member is engaged in the performance of their duties under this Act, limited to convening meetings, including public and private meetings to receive testimony in furtherance of the duties of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee and the purposes of this division.
(2) Travel expenses.--A member of the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee.
CHAPTER 2--FEDERAL AND RELIGIOUS TRUTH AND HEALING ADVISORY COMMITTEE
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SEC. 5322. FEDERAL AND RELIGIOUS TRUTH AND HEALING ADVISORY
COMMITTEE.
(a) Establishment.--There is established within the Department of the Interior an advisory committee, to be known as the "Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee".
(b) Membership and Appointment to the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee.--
(1) Membership.--The Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall include 20 members, of whom--
(A) 1 shall be the Chairperson of the Commission, who shall serve as the Chairperson of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee;
(B) 1 shall be the Chairperson of the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee, who shall serve as the Vice Chairperson of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee;
(C) 1 shall be the White House Domestic Policy Advisor, who shall serve as the Secretary of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee;
(D) 1 shall be the Director of the Bureau of Trust Funds Administration (or a designee);
(E) 1 shall be the Archivist of the United States (or a designee);
(F) 1 shall be the Librarian of Congress (or a designee);
(G) 1 shall be the Director of the Department of the Interior Library (or a designee);
(H) 1 shall be the Director of the Indian Health Service (or a designee);
(I) 1 shall be the Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Abuse of the Department of Health and Human Services (or a designee);
(J) 1 shall be the Commissioner of the Administration for Native Americans of the Department of Health and Human Services (or a designee);
(K) 1 shall be the Director of the National Institutes of Health (or a designee);
(L) 1 shall be the Senior Program Director of the Office of Native Hawaiian Relations of the Department of the Interior (or a designee);
(M) 1 shall be the Director of the Office of Indian Education of the Department of Education (or a designee);
(N) 1 shall be the Director of the Rural, Insular, and Native American Achievement Programs of the Department of Education (or a designee);
(O) 1 shall be the Chair of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (or a designee);
(P) 1 shall be the Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs (or a designee);
(Q) 1 shall be the Director of the Bureau of Indian Education (or a designee); and
(R) 3 shall be representatives employed by, or representatives of, religious institutions, to be appointed by the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships in consultation with relevant religious institutions.
(2) Period of service; vacancies; removal.--
(A) Period of service.--A member of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall serve for an automatically renewable term of 2 years.
(B) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee--
(i) shall not affect the powers of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee if a simple majority of the positions of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee are filled; and
(ii) shall be filled within 90 days in the same manner as was the original appointment.
(C) Removal.--A quorum of members of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee may remove a member of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee only for neglect of duty or malfeasance.
(3) Termination.--The Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Commission submits the final report required under section 5312(e)(3).
(c) Business Meetings.--
(1) Initial business meeting.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the initial business meeting of the Commission under section 5311(c)(1), the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall hold an initial business meeting--
(A) to establish rules for the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee; and
(B) to appoint 2 members of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee to serve as non-voting designees on the Commission in accordance with section 5311(c)(3).
(2) Subsequent business meetings.--After the initial business meeting of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee is held under paragraph (1), the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall meet at the call of the Chairperson.
(3) Format of business meetings.--A business meeting of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee may be conducted in-person or virtually.
(4) Quorum required.--A business meeting of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee may be held only after a quorum, established in accordance with subsection (d), is present.
(d) Quorum.--A simple majority of the members of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall constitute a quorum for a business meeting.
(e) Rules.--The Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee may establish, with the advice of the Commission, by a majority vote, any rules for the conduct of business, in accordance with this section and other applicable law.
(f) Duties.--The Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall--
(1) ensure the effective and timely coordination among Federal agencies and religious institutions in furtherance of the purposes of this division;
(2) assist the Commission and the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee in coordinating--
(A) meetings and other related public and private convenings; and
(B) the collection, organization, and preservation of information obtained from witnesses and by other Federal agencies and religious institutions;
(3) ensure the timely submission to the Commission of materials, documents, testimony, and such other information as the Commission determines to be necessary to carry out the duties of the Commission; and
(4) coordinate with the Commission, the Native American Truth and Healing Advisory Committee, and the Survivors Truth and Healing Subcommittee to carry out the purposes of this division.
(g) Consultation or Engagement With Native Americans, Indian Tribes, Tribal Organizations, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian Organizations.--In carrying out the duties of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee under subsection (f), the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall meaningfully consult or engage, as appropriate, in a timely manner with Native Americans, Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and Native Hawaiian organizations.
(h) Nondisclosure.--
(1) Privacy act of 1974 applicability.--Subsection (b) of section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the "Privacy Act of 1974"), shall not apply to the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee.
(2) Freedom of information act applicability.--Records and other communications in the possession of the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee shall be exempt from disclosure under subsection (b)(3)(B) of section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the "Freedom of Information Act").
(3) Federal advisory committee act applicability.--Chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the "Federal Advisory Committee Act"), shall not apply to the Federal and Religious Truth and Healing Advisory Committee.
SEC. 5331. CLARIFICATION.
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (25 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.) shall apply to cultural items (as defined in section 2 of that Act (25 U.S.C. 3001)) relating to an Indian Boarding School or Indian Boarding School Policies regardless of interpretation of applicability by a Federal agency.
SEC. 5332. BURIAL MANAGEMENT.
Federal agencies shall permit reburial of cultural items relating to an Indian Boarding School or Indian Boarding School Policies that have been repatriated pursuant to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (25 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.), or returned to a lineal descendant, Indian Tribe, or Native Hawaiian organization by any other disinterment process, on any Federal land as agreed to by the relevant parties.
SEC. 5333. CO-STEWARDSHIP AGREEMENTS.
A Federal agency that carries out activities pursuant to this division or that created or controls a cemetery with remains of an individual who attended an Indian Boarding School or an Indian Boarding School may enter into a co-stewardship agreement for the management of the cemetery or Indian Boarding School.
SEC. 5334. NO RIGHT OF ACTION.
Nothing in this division creates a private right of action to seek administrative or judicial relief.
TITLE IV--LYTTON RANCHERIA OF CALIFORNIA LAND REAFFIRMATION
SEC. 5401. LYTTON RANCHERIA OF CALIFORNIA LAND REAFFIRMATION.
(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Lytton Rancheria of California is subject to the Act of June 18, 1934 (commonly known as the "Indian Reorganization Act") (48 Stat. 984, chapter 576; 25 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.), and the Secretary of the Interior may acquire and take into trust land for the benefit of the Lytton Rancheria of California pursuant to section 5 of that Act (25 U.S.C. 5108).
(b) Land To Be Made Part of the Reservation.--Land taken into trust pursuant to subsection (a) shall be--
(1) part of the reservation of the Lytton Rancheria of California; and
(2) administered in accordance with the laws and regulations generally applicable to property held in trust by the United States for an Indian Tribe.
TITLE V--KEWEENAW BAY INDIAN COMMUNITY LAND CLAIM SETTLEMENT ACT OF 2026
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SEC. 5501. FINDINGS.
Congress finds that--
(1) the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community is a federally recognized Indian Tribe residing on the L'Anse Indian Reservation in Baraga County in the Upper Peninsula of the State of Michigan;
(2) the Community is a successor in interest to the Treaty with the Chippewa Indians of the Mississippi and Lake Superior, made and concluded at La Pointe of Lake Superior October 4, 1842 (7 Stat. 591) (referred to in this section as the "1842 Treaty"), which, among other things, guaranteed the usufructuary rights of the Community over a large area of land that was ceded to the United States, until such time that those usufructuary rights were properly and legally extinguished;
(3) the Community is also a successor in interest to the Treaty with the Chippewa Indians of Lake Superior and the Mississippi, made and concluded at La Pointe September 30, 1854 (10 Stat. 1109) (referred to in this section as the "1854 Treaty");
(4) article 2, paragraph 1 of the 1854 Treaty created the L'Anse Indian Reservation as a permanent reservation;
(5) pursuant to article 13 of the 1854 Treaty, the 1854 Treaty became "obligatory on the contracting parties" when ratified by the President and the Senate on January 10, 1855;
(6) in 1850, Congress enacted the Act of September 28, 1850 (sections 2479 through 2481 of the Revised Statutes (43 U.S.C. 982 through 984)) (commonly known and referred to in this section as the "Swamp Land Act"), which authorized the State of Arkansas and other States, including the State of Michigan, to "construct the necessary levees and drains to reclaim" certain unsold "swamp and overflowed lands, made unfit thereby for cultivation" and stating that those lands "shall remain unsold at the passage of this act";
(7) following enactment of the Swamp Land Act, the State claimed thousands of acres of swamp land in the State pursuant to that Act;
(8) between 1893 and 1937, the General Land Office patented 2,743 acres of land to the State that were located within the exterior boundaries of the Reservation;
(9) the right of the Community to use and occupy the unsold land within the Reservation had not been extinguished when the United States patented the Reservation Swamp Lands to the State;
(10) in 1852, Congress enacted the Act of August 26, 1852 (10 Stat. 35, chapter 92) (referred to in this section as the "Canal Land Act"), to facilitate the building of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal at the Falls of the St. Mary's River, to connect Lake Superior to Lake Huron;
(11) pursuant to the Canal Land Act, the United States granted the State the right to select 750,000 acres of unsold public land within the State to defray the cost of construction of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal;
(12) the State identified and selected, among other land, a minimum of 1,333.25 and up to 2,720 acres within the exterior boundaries of the Reservation;
(13) the Department of the Interior approved the land selections of the State, including the Reservation Canal Lands, after ratification of the 1854 Treaty;
(14) the Secretary noted that the approval described in paragraph (13) was "subject to any valid interfering rights";
(15) the 1854 Treaty set apart from the public domain all unsold land within the Reservation to the Community as of September 30, 1854, which preceded the date on which the State established legally effective title to the Reservation Canal Lands;
(16) the Community made claims to the Department of the Interior with respect to the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands, providing legal analysis and ethnohistorical support for those claims;
(17) in December 2021, the Department of the Interior stated that "We have carefully reviewed pertinent documents, including the Tribe's expert reports, and have determined that the Tribe's claims to the Swamp Lands and Canal Lands have merit";
(18) the United States, through the actions of the General Land Office, deprived the Community of the exclusive use and occupancy of the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands within the Reservation, without just compensation as required under the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States;
(19) the loss of the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands without just compensation has--
(A) impacted the exercise by the Community of cultural, religious, and subsistence rights on the land;
(B) caused a harmful disconnect between the Community and its land;
(C) impacted the ability of the Community to fully exercise its economy within the Reservation; and
(D) had a negative economic impact on the development of the economy of the Community;
(20) certain non-Indian individuals, entities, and local governments occupy land within the boundaries of the Reservation--
(A) acquired ownership interests in the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands in good faith; and
(B) have an interest in possessing clear title to that land;
(21) this title allows the United States--
(A) to secure a fair and equitable settlement of past inequities suffered by the Community as a result of the actions of the United States that caused the taking of the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands without just compensation; and
(B) to ensure protection of the ownership of the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands by non-Indian occupants of the Reservation, through the settlement of the claims of the Community to that land, and through that action, the relief of any clouds on title;
(22) a settlement will allow the Community to receive just compensation and the local landowners to obtain clear title to land, without long and protracted litigation that would be both costly and detrimental to all involved; and
(23) this title achieves both justice for the Community and security for current landowners through a restorative and non-confrontational process.
SEC. 5502. PURPOSES.
The purposes of this title are--
(1) to acknowledge the uncompensated taking by the Federal Government of the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands;
(2) to provide compensation to the Community for the uncompensated taking of the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands by the Federal Government;
(3) to extinguish all claims by the Community to the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands and to confirm the ownership by the current landowners of the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands, who obtained that land in good faith;
(4) to extinguish all potential claims by the Community against the United States, the State, and current landowners concerning title to, use of, or occupancy of the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands; and
(5) to authorize the Secretary--
(A) to compensate the Community; and
(B) to take any other action necessary to carry out this title.
SEC. 5503. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) Community.--The term "Community" means the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community.
(2) County.--The term "County" means Baraga County, Michigan.
(3) Reservation.--The term "Reservation" means the L'Anse Indian Reservation, located in--
(A) T. 51 N., R. 33 W.;
(B) T. 51 N., R. 32 W.;
(C) T. 50 N., R. 33 W., E\1/2\;
(D) T. 50 N., R. 32 W., W\1/2\; and
(E) that portion of T. 51 N., R. 31 W. lying west of Huron Bay.
(4) Reservation canal lands.--The term "Reservation Canal Lands" means the 1,333.25 to 2,720 acres of Community land located within the exterior boundaries of the Reservation that the Federal Government conveyed to the State pursuant to the Act of August 26, 1852 (10 Stat. 35, chapter 92).
(5) Reservation swamp lands.--The term "Reservation Swamp Lands" means the 2,743 acres of land located within the exterior boundaries of the Reservation that the Federal Government conveyed to the State between 1893 and 1937 pursuant to the Act of September 28, 1850 (sections 2479 through 2481 of the Revised Statutes (43 U.S.C. 982 through 984)) (commonly known as the "Swamp Land Act").
(6) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior.
(7) State.--The term "State" means the State of Michigan.
SEC. 5504. PAYMENTS.
(a) Transfer of Funds.--As soon as practicable after the date on which the amount authorized to be appropriated under subsection (c) is made available to the Secretary, the Secretary shall transfer $33,900,000 to the Community.
(b) Use of Funds.--
(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Community may use the amount received under subsection (a) for any lawful purpose, including--
(A) governmental services;
(B) economic development;
(C) natural resources protection; and
(D) land acquisition.
(2) Restriction on use of funds.--The community may not use the amount received under subsection (a) to acquire land for gaming purposes.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out subsection (a) $33,900,000 for fiscal year 2027, to remain available until expended.
SEC. 5505. EXTINGUISHMENT OF CLAIMS.
(a) In General.--Effective on the date on which the Community receives the payment under section 5504(a), all claims of the Community to the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands owned by persons or entities other than the Community are extinguished.
(b) Clear Title.--Effective on the date on which the Community receives the payment under section 5504(a), the title of all current owners to the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands is cleared of all preexisting rights held by the Community and any of the members of the Community.
SEC. 5506. EFFECT.
Nothing in this title authorizes--
(1) the Secretary to take land into trust for the benefit of the Community for gaming purposes; or
(2) the Community to use land acquired using amounts received under this title for gaming purposes.
TITLE VI--TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS TO THE NORTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO RURAL WATER PROJECTS ACT, TAOS PUEBLO INDIAN WATER RIGHTS SETTLEMENT ACT, AND AAMODT LITIGATION SETTLEMENT ACT
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SEC. 5601. AUTHORIZATION OF PAYMENT OF ADJUSTED INTEREST ON
THE NAVAJO NATION WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
TRUST FUND.
The Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-11) is amended--
(1) in section 10701(e)(1)(A)(vii), by striking "10702." and inserting "10702, except for deposits made pursuant to section 10702(g)."; and
(2) in section 10702--
(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking "subsection (f)" and inserting "subsections (f) and (g)"; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
"(g) Adjusted Interest Payments.--In addition to amounts made available under subsection (f), there is authorized to be appropriated for deposit in the Trust Fund $6,357,674.46.".
SEC. 5602. AUTHORIZATION OF PAYMENT OF ADJUSTED INTEREST ON
THE TAOS PUEBLO WATER DEVELOPMENT FUND.
The Claims Resolution Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291) is amended by adding after section 513 the following:
"SEC. 514. ADJUSTED INTEREST PAYMENTS.
"In addition to the amounts made available under section 509(c), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for deposit into the Taos Pueblo Water Development Fund established by section 505(a) $7,794,297.52.".
SEC. 5603. AUTHORIZATION OF PAYMENT OF ADJUSTED INTEREST ON
THE AAMODT SETTLEMENT PUEBLOS' FUND.
The Claims Resolution Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291) is amended by adding after section 626 the following:
"SEC. 627. INTEREST PAYMENTS.
"(a) Adjusted Interest Payments.--In addition to amounts made available under section 617, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for deposit into the Aamodt Settlement Pueblos' Fund established by section 615(a) $4,314,709.18 for the Pueblos' share of the costs of operating, maintaining, and replacing the Pueblo Water Facilities and the Regional Water System, as set forth in section 617(c)(1)(B).
"(b) Waiver of Payment.--To the extent monies are due or payable to the United States attributable to interest earned on amounts made available under section 617(c)(1)(A) prior to September 15, 2017, the Secretary of the Treasury shall waive payment of such monies.".
SEC. 5604. DISCLAIMER.
(a) Section 509 of Claims Resolution Act of 2010.--Nothing in this title shall be construed to affect the previous satisfaction of the conditions precedent in section 509(f)(2) of the Claims Resolution Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291) or to affect the validity of the Secretarial finding published in the Federal Register on October 7, 2016, pursuant to section 509(f)(1) of the Claims Resolution Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291) that such conditions precedent were fully satisfied.
(b) Section 623 of Claims Resolution Act of 2010.--Nothing in this title shall be construed to affect the previous satisfaction of the conditions precedent in section 623(a)(2) of the Claims Resolution Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291) or to affect the validity of the Secretarial finding published in the Federal Register on September 15, 2017, pursuant to section 623(a)(1) of the Claims Resolution Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291) that such conditions precedent were fully satisfied.
SEC. 5605. INVESTMENT EARNINGS.
In addition to the deposits authorized under this title, any investment earnings, including interest, credited to amounts held in the trust funds as provided for in this title are authorized to be appropriated.
SEC. 5701. INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE SCHOLARSHIP AND LOAN
RECIPIENTS.
(a) Indian Health Professions Scholarships.--Section 104(b)(3) of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act (25 U.S.C. 1613a(b)(3)) is amended by striking the paragraph designation and all that follows through the end of subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:
"(3)(A) The active duty service obligation under a written contract with the Secretary under section 338A of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254l) that an individual has entered into under that section shall, if that individual is a recipient of an Indian Health Scholarship--
"(i) be met by full-time (as defined in section 331(j) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254d(j))) practice--
"(I) in the Service;
"(II) in a program conducted under a contract entered into under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.);
"(III) in a program assisted under title V; or
"(IV) in the private practice of the applicable profession if, as determined by the Secretary, in accordance with guidelines issued by the Secretary, the practice--
"(aa) is situated in a physician or other health professional shortage area; and
"(bb) addresses the health care needs of a substantial number of Indians; or
"(ii) be met by half-time (as defined in section 331(j) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254d(j))) practice in a program described in any of subclauses (I) through (IV) of clause (i) if the individual agrees, in writing--
"(I) to double the period of obligated service that would otherwise be required if the individual were satisfying the period of obligated service through full-time (as so defined) practice; and
"(II) that if the individual fails to begin or complete the period of obligated service described in subclause (I), the procedures described in section 108(l)(2) for determining damages for breach of contract will be used after converting that period of obligated service or service performed into its full-time equivalent.".
(b) Indian Health Service Loan Repayment Program.--Section 108 of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act (25 U.S.C. 1616a) is amended--
(1) in subsection (f)(1)(B), by striking clause (iii) and inserting the following:
"(iii) to serve for a period of time (referred to in this section as the `period of obligated service') equal to--
"(I) 2 years, or a longer period of time as the individual may agree to serve, in the full-time (as defined in section 331(j) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254d(j))) clinical practice of the profession of the individual in an Indian health program to which the individual may be assigned by the Secretary;
"(II) 4 years, or a longer period of time as the individual may agree to serve, in the half-time (as defined in that section) clinical practice of the profession of the individual in an Indian health program to which the individual may be assigned by the Secretary, subject to the condition that if the individual has agreed to serve for a period longer than 2 years of full-time (as so defined) service, as described in subclause (I), the half-time (as so defined) service obligation shall be the amount of time required for the individual to complete an equivalent amount of service on a half-time (as so defined) basis; or
"(III) 2 years in the half-time (as so defined) clinical practice of the profession of the individual in an Indian health program to which the individual may be assigned by the Secretary with a loan payment amount equal to 50 percent of the amount that would otherwise be payable for full-time (as so defined) service for that same period of obligated service; and
"(iv) in the case of an individual completing a period of obligated service through half-time (as so defined) clinical practice, that if the individual fails to begin or complete that period of obligated service, the procedures described in subsection (l)(2) for determining damages for breach of contract under this section will be used after converting the period of obligated service or service performed into its full-time (as so defined) equivalent;"; and
(2) in subsection (l)(2), in the undesignated matter following subparagraph (D), by inserting the following before "Amounts": "Periods of obligated service completed in half-time (as defined in section 331(j) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254d(j))) clinical practice shall be converted to their full-time (as defined in that section) equivalents for purposes of determining damages for breach of contract under this paragraph.".
TITLE VIII--LEECH LAKE RESERVATION RESTORATION AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2026
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SEC. 5801. TRANSFER OF ADDITIONAL FEDERAL LAND TO THE LEECH
LAKE BAND OF OJIBWE.
(a) Findings.--Section 2(a)(5) of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Reservation Restoration Act (Public Law 116-255; 134 Stat. 1140) is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
"(B) does not intend immediately to modify the use of the Federal land.".
(b) Inclusion of Additional Federal Land.--Section 2 of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Reservation Restoration Act (Public Law 116-255; 134 Stat. 1139) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)(1)--
(A) in subparagraph (A)--
(i) by striking "means the approximately" and inserting "means--
"(i) the approximately";
(ii) in clause (i) (as so designated), by striking the period at the end and inserting "; and"; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
"(ii) any other land managed by the Secretary, through the Chief of the Forest Service, located in the Chippewa National Forest in Cass County, Minnesota, which records maintained by the Bureau of Indian Affairs show was sold without the unanimous consent of the rightful landowners."; and
(B) in subparagraph (B)--
(i) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively; and
(ii) by inserting before clause (ii) (as so redesignated) the following:
"(i) any land transferred pursuant to an agreement entered into between the Secretary and the Tribe under subsection (c)(2);";
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "paragraph (2)" and inserting "paragraphs (2) and (3)";
(B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
"(2) Agreement.--
"(A) In general.--On agreement between the Secretary and the Tribe, the Secretary shall substitute, for purposes of the transfer under paragraph (1), alternative National Forest System land located in Cass County, Minnesota, on an acre-for-acre basis, for those parcels of Federal land to be transferred under that paragraph in a manner that avoids in-holdings and provides a preference for land adjacent to or near existing Leech Lake trust lands and lands of cultural importance to the Tribe, to the maximum extent practicable.
"(B) Frequency of transfers.--Pursuant to an agreement entered into under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may transfer land to the Secretary of the Interior on a rolling basis as that land is identified and surveys are completed."; and
(3) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting "described in subsection (b)(1)(A)(i)" after "Federal land"; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking "submit a map and legal description of the Federal land" and inserting "submit maps and legal descriptions of the Federal land transferred pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (c), as applicable,";
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by striking "map and legal description" and inserting "maps and legal descriptions"; and
(ii) by striking "map or legal description" and inserting "maps or legal descriptions"; and
(C) in paragraph (3), by striking "map and legal description" and inserting "maps and legal descriptions".
(c) Reaffirmation.--Congress reaffirms the applicability of section 97A.151 of the Minnesota Statutes, including the settlement agreement ratified by that section, for purposes of ensuring that the hunting, fishing, and recreation rights of non-Tribal members remain unchanged by the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Reservation Restoration Act (Public Law 116-255; 134 Stat. 1139) and the amendments made to that Act by this section.
(d) Implementation.--In implementing the amendments made by this section, the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall provide for public engagement and comment in accordance with applicable laws (including regulations).
TITLE IX--REVOCATION OF CHARTER OF INCORPORATION OF THE LOWER SIOUX INDIAN COMMUNITY
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SEC. 5901. REVOCATION OF CHARTER OF INCORPORATION OF THE
LOWER SIOUX INDIAN COMMUNITY.
The request of the Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota to surrender the charter of incorporation issued to that community and ratified on July 17, 1937, pursuant to section 17 of the Act of June 18, 1934 (commonly known as the "Indian Reorganization Act") (48 Stat. 988, chapter 576; 25 U.S.C. 5124), is hereby accepted and that charter of incorporation is hereby revoked.
TITLE X--VETERINARY SERVICES TO IMPROVE PUBLIC HEALTH IN RURAL
COMMUNITIES ACT
SEC. 6001. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that the Indian Health Service of the Department of Health and Human Services is uniquely suited to empower Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations to address zoonotic disease threats in the communities they serve by providing public health veterinary services through a One Health approach that recognizes the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment.
SEC. 6002. PUBLIC HEALTH VETERINARY SERVICES.
Title II of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act is amended by inserting after section 223 (25 U.S.C. 1621v) the following:
"SEC. 224. PUBLIC HEALTH VETERINARY SERVICES.
"(a) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) Public health veterinary services.--The term `public health veterinary services' includes any of the following:
"(A) Spaying and neutering services for domestic animals.
"(B) Diagnoses.
"(C) Surveillance.
"(D) Epidemiology.
"(E) Control.
"(F) Prevention.
"(G) Elimination.
"(H) Vaccination.
"(I) Any other related service or activity that reduces the risk of zoonotic disease transmission or antimicrobial resistance in humans, food, or animals.
"(2) Zoonotic disease.--The term `zoonotic disease' means a disease or infection that may be transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to humans, or from humans to vertebrate animals.
"(b) Authorization for Veterinary Services.--The Secretary, acting through the Service, may expend funds, directly or pursuant to the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.), for public health veterinary services to prevent and control zoonotic disease infection and transmission in Service areas where the risk for disease occurrence in humans and wildlife is endemic.
"(c) Public Health Officers; Coordination.--In providing public health veterinary services under subsection (b), the Secretary may--
"(1) assign or deploy veterinary public health officers from the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service to Service areas; and
"(2) coordinate and implement activities with--
"(A) the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and
"(B) the Secretary of Agriculture.
"(d) Report.--The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a biennial report on the use of funds, the assignment and deployment of veterinary public health officers from the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service, data related to the monitoring and disease surveillance of zoonotic diseases, and related services provided under this section.".
SEC. 6003. APHIS WILDLIFE SERVICES STUDY ON ORAL RABIES
VACCINES IN ARCTIC REGIONS OF THE UNITED
STATES.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct a feasibility study--
(1) on the delivery of oral rabies vaccines to wildlife reservoir species that are directly or indirectly connected to the transmission of rabies to Tribal members living in Arctic regions of the United States; and
(2) that--
(A) evaluates the efficacy of the vaccines described in paragraph (1); and
(B) makes recommendations to improve the delivery of those vaccines.
SEC. 6004. ONE HEALTH FRAMEWORK.
Section 2235(b) of the Prepare for and Respond to Existing Viruses, Emerging New Threats, and Pandemics Act (42 U.S.C. 300hh-37(b)) is amended by striking "and the Secretary of the Interior" and inserting ", the Secretary of the Interior, and the Director of the Indian Health Service".
SEC. 6101. NATIVE AMERICAN TOURISM GRANT PROGRAMS.
The Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act (25 U.S.C. 4351 et seq.) is amended--
(1) by redesignating section 6 (25 U.S.C. 4355) as section 7; and
(2) by inserting after section 5 (25 U.S.C. 4354) the following:
"SEC. 6. NATIVE AMERICAN TOURISM GRANT PROGRAMS.
"(a) Bureau of Indian Affairs Program.--The Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs may make grants to and enter into agreements with Indian tribes and tribal organizations to carry out the purposes of this Act, as described in section 2.
"(b) Office of Native Hawaiian Relations.--The Director of the Office of Native Hawaiian Relations may make grants to and enter into agreements with Native Hawaiian organizations to carry out the purposes of this Act, as described in section 2.
"(c) Other Federal Agencies.--The heads of other Federal agencies, including the Secretaries of Commerce, Transportation, Agriculture, Health and Human Services, and Labor, may make grants under this authority to and enter into agreements with Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations to carry out the purposes of this Act, as described in section 2.
"(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $35,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.".
SEC. 6201. SETTLEMENT OF CLAIMS.
(a) Jurisdiction Conferred on the United States Court of Federal Claims.--
(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the United States Court of Federal Claims shall have jurisdiction to hear, determine, and render judgment on a land claim of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma under its Treaty with the United States of America signed at Grouseland August 21, 1805 (7 Stat. 91) (commonly known as the "Treaty of Grouseland"), without regard to the statute of limitations, including section 2501 of title 28, United States Code, and any delay-based defense, no matter how characterized.
(2) Jurisdiction expiration.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the jurisdiction conferred to the United States Court of Federal Claims under paragraph (1) shall expire unless the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma files a land claim under that paragraph.
(b) Extinguishment of Title and Claims.--Except for a claim filed under subsection (a)(1), all other claims, including any and all future claims, of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma, or any member, descendant, or predecessor in interest to the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma, to land in the State of Illinois are extinguished.
TITLE XIII--TECHNICAL CORRECTION TO THE SHOSHONE-PAIUTE TRIBES OF THE DUCK VALLEY RESERVATION WATER RIGHTS SETTLEMENT ACT OF 2026
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SEC. 6301. AUTHORIZATION OF PAYMENT OF ADJUSTED INTEREST ON
DEVELOPMENT FUND.
Section 10807(b)(3) of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-11; 123 Stat. 1409) is amended--
(1) by striking "There is" and inserting the following:
"(A) In general.--There is"; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
"(B) Adjusted interest payments.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for deposit into the Development Fund $5,124,902.12.".
TITLE XIV--BRIDGING AGENCY DATA GAPS AND ENSURING SAFETY FOR NATIVE COMMUNITIES ACT
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SEC. 6401. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) Death investigation.--The term "death investigation" has the meaning determined by the Attorney General.
(2) Death investigation of interest to indian tribes.--The term "death investigation of interest to Indian Tribes" means a case involving--
(A) a death investigation into the death of an Indian; or
(B) a death investigation of a person found on, in, or adjacent to Indian land or a Village.
(3) Director.--The term "Director" means the Deputy Bureau Director of the Office of Justice Services of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
(4) Federal law enforcement agency.--The term "Federal law enforcement agency" means the Office of Justice Services of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and any other Federal law enforcement agency that--
(A) has jurisdiction over crimes in Indian country; or
(B) investigates missing persons cases of interest to Indian Tribes, death investigations of interest to Indian Tribes, unclaimed human remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes, or unidentified remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes.
(5) Indian.--The term "Indian" has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
(6) Indian country.--The term "Indian country" has the meaning given the term in section 1151 of title 18, United States Code.
(7) Indian land.--The term "Indian land" has the meaning given the term "Indian lands" in section 3 of the Native American Business Development, Trade Promotion, and Tourism Act of 2000 (25 U.S.C. 4302).
(8) Indian tribe.--The term "Indian Tribe" has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
(9) Missing persons case of interest to indian tribes.--The term "missing persons case of interest to Indian Tribes" means a case involving--
(A) a missing Indian; or
(B) a missing person whose last known location is believed to be on, in, or adjacent to Indian land or a Village.
(10) National crime information databases.--The term "national crime information databases" has the meaning given the term in section 534(f)(3) of title 28, United States Code.
(11) Relevant tribal organization.--The term "relevant Tribal organization" means, as applicable--
(A) a Tribal organization or an urban Indian organization; and
(B) a national or regional organization that--
(i) represents a substantial Indian constituency; and
(ii) has expertise in the fields of--
(I) human trafficking of Indians; (II) human trafficking on Indian land or in a Village; (III) violence against Indians; (IV) missing or murdered Indigenous persons; or (V) Tribal justice systems.
(12) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior.
(13) Sexual violence case of interest to indian tribes.--The term "sexual violence case of interest to Indian Tribes" means a case involving an allegation of sexual violence (as defined in section 204(a) of Public Law 90-284 (25 U.S.C. 1304(a))).
(14) Tribal justice official.--The term "Tribal justice official" has the meaning given the term "tribal justice official" in section 2 of the Indian Law Enforcement Reform Act (25 U.S.C. 2801).
(15) Tribal organization.--The term "Tribal organization" has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
(16) Unclaimed human remains case of interest to indian tribes.--The term "unclaimed human remains case of interest to Indian Tribes" means a case involving--
(A) unclaimed Indian remains identified by Federal, Tribal, State, or local law enforcement; or
(B) unclaimed human remains found on, in, or adjacent to Indian land or a Village.
(17) Unidentified remains case of interest to indian tribes.--The term "unidentified remains case of interest to Indian Tribes" means a case involving--
(A) unidentified Indian remains; or
(B) unidentified remains found on, in, or adjacent to Indian land or a Village.
(18) Urban indian organization.--The term "urban Indian organization" has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act (25 U.S.C. 1603).
(19) Village.--The term "Village" means the Alaska Native Village Statistical Area covering all or any portion of a Native village (as defined in section 3 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602)), as depicted on the applicable Tribal Statistical Area Program Verification Map of the Bureau of the Census.
SEC. 6411. NATIONAL MISSING AND UNIDENTIFIED PERSONS SYSTEM
TRIBAL FACILITATOR.
(a) Appointment.--The Attorney General shall appoint 1 or more Tribal facilitators for the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System.
(b) Duties.--The duties of a Tribal facilitator appointed under subsection (a) shall include--
(1) coordinating the reporting of information relating to missing persons cases of interest to Indian Tribes, unclaimed human remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes, and unidentified remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes;
(2) consulting and coordinating with Indian Tribes and relevant Tribal organizations to address the reporting, documentation, and tracking of missing persons cases of interest to Indian Tribes, unclaimed human remains cases of Interest to Indian Tribes, and unidentified remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes;
(3) developing working relationships, and maintaining communication, with Indian Tribes and relevant Tribal organizations;
(4) providing technical assistance and training to Indian Tribes and relevant Tribal organizations, victim service advocates, medical examiners, coroners, and Tribal justice officials regarding--
(A) the gathering and reporting of information to the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System; and
(B) working with non-Tribal law enforcement agencies to encourage missing persons cases of interest to Indian Tribes, unclaimed human remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes, and unidentified remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes are reported to the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System;
(5) coordinating with the Office of Tribal Justice, the Office of Justice Services of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Executive Office for United States Attorneys, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, State law enforcement agencies, and the National Indian Country Training Initiative, as necessary; and
(6) conducting other training, information gathering, and outreach activities to improve resolution of missing persons cases of interest to Indian Tribes, unclaimed human remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes, and unidentified remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes.
(c) Reporting and Transparency.--
(1) Annual reports to congress.--During the 3-year-period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, acting through the Director of the National Institute of Justice, shall submit to the Committees on Indian Affairs, the Judiciary, and Appropriations of the Senate and the Committees on Natural Resources, the Judiciary, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives an annual report describing the activities and accomplishments of the Tribal facilitators appointed under subsection (a) during the 1-year period preceding the date of the report.
(2) Public transparency.--Annually, the Attorney General, acting through the Director of the National Institute of Justice, shall publish on a website publicly accessible information describing the activities and accomplishments of the Tribal facilitators appointed under subsection (a) during the 1-year period preceding the date of the publication.
SEC. 6412. REPORT ON INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL
RESOURCES AND NEED.
(a) Office of Justice Services of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.--Section 3(c)(16) of the Indian Law Enforcement Reform Act (25 U.S.C. 2802(c)(16)) is amended by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:
"(C) a list of the unmet--
"(i) staffing needs of law enforcement, corrections, and court personnel, including criminal investigators, medical examiners, coroners, forensic technicians, indigent defense staff, crime victim services staff, and prosecution staff, at Tribal and Bureau justice agencies, including the Missing and Murdered Unit of the Office of Justice Services of the Bureau;
"(ii) replacement and repair needs of Tribal and Bureau corrections facilities;
"(iii) infrastructure and capital needs for Tribal police and court facilities, including evidence storage and processing; and
"(iv) public safety and emergency communications and technology needs, including equipment and internet capacity needs; and".
(b) Department of Justice.--
(1) Definition of department of justice law enforcement agency.--In this subsection, the term "Department of Justice law enforcement agency" means each of--
(A) the Federal Bureau of Investigation;
(B) the Drug Enforcement Administration;
(C) the United States Marshals Service;
(D) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives; and
(E) the Offices of the United States Attorneys.
(2) Annual report.--Each fiscal year, the Attorney General shall submit to the Committees on Indian Affairs, the Judiciary, and Appropriations of the Senate and the Committees on Natural Resources, the Judiciary,
and Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report for that fiscal year that includes--
(A) the number of full-time employees of each Department of Justice law enforcement agency that are assigned to work on criminal investigations and prosecutions in Indian country;
(B) the percentage of time the full-time employees, as identified under subparagraph (A), spend specifically working in Indian country;
(C) the turnover rate during the 5-year period preceding the report of full-time employees assigned to work on criminal investigations and prosecutions in Indian country;
(D) the average years of experience at the Department of Justice of full-time employees assigned to work on criminal investigations and prosecutions in Indian country;
(E) the number of vacant positions with responsibilities for criminal investigations and prosecutions in Indian country;
(F) an identification of expertise and skills necessary to achieve the strategic goals of the Department of Justice relating to public safety in Indian country;
(G) an estimate of the number of employees needed with specific skills and competencies to fulfill responsibilities assigned for criminal investigations and prosecutions in Indian country; and
(H) a list of measures identified to indicate whether and how the Department of Justice plans to execute its hiring, retention, and training strategies.
(3) GAO study and report.--
(A) Study.--
(i) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date on which the first annual report is submitted under paragraph (2), the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a review of unmet staffing identified by the Department of Justice law enforcement agencies tasked with work on criminal investigations and prosecutions in Indian country.
(ii) Requirement.--In conducting the study required under clause (i), the Comptroller General of the United States shall take into account the results of the most recent report, as of the date of enactment of this Act, relating to Indian country investigations and prosecutions prepared by the Attorney General pursuant to section 10(b) of the Indian Law Enforcement Reform Act (25 U.S.C.
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2809(b)).
(B) Report.--On completion of the review under subparagraph (A), the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committees on Indian Affairs, the Judiciary, and Appropriations of the Senate and the Committees on Natural Resources, the Judiciary, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report that describes the results of the study, including, as appropriate, proposals for methods by which the Department of Justice can better measure its unmet staffing and other needs for Department of Justice law enforcement agencies tasked with work on criminal investigations and prosecutions in Indian country.
SEC. 6421. DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ON BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYMENT BACKGROUND CHECKS.
(a) Establishment of Demonstration Program.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a demonstration program for the purpose of conducting or adjudicating, in coordination with the Director, personnel background investigations for applicants for law enforcement positions in the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
(2) Background investigations and security clearance determinations.--
(A) BIA investigations.--As part of the demonstration program established under paragraph (1), the Secretary may carry out a background investigation, security clearance determination, or both a background investigation and a security clearance determination for an applicant for a law enforcement position in the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
(B) Agreements.--The Secretary may enter into a memorandum of agreement with a State or local government, Indian Tribe, or Tribal organization to develop steps to expedite the process of receiving and obtaining access to information pertinent to background investigation and security clearance determinations for use in the demonstration program.
(3) Sunset.--The demonstration program established under paragraph (1) shall terminate 5 years after the date of the commencement of the demonstration program.
(b) Sufficiency.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a background investigation conducted or adjudicated by the Secretary pursuant to the demonstration program established under subsection (a)(1) that results in the granting of a security clearance to an applicant for a law enforcement position in the Bureau of Indian Affairs shall be sufficient to meet the applicable requirements of the Office of Personnel Management or other Federal agency for such investigations.
(c) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date on which the demonstration program is established under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Indian Affairs, the Judiciary, and Appropriations of the Senate and the Committees on Natural Resources, the Judiciary, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report on the demonstration program, which shall include a description of--
(1) the demonstration program and any recommended changes or updates to the demonstration program, including whether the demonstration program should be reauthorized;
(2) the number of background investigations carried out under the demonstration program;
(3) the costs, including any cost savings, associated with the investigation and adjudication process under the demonstration program;
(4) the processing times for the investigation and adjudication processes under the demonstration program; and
(5) any other information that the Secretary determines to be relevant.
SEC. 6422. MISSING OR MURDERED RESPONSE COORDINATION GRANT
PROGRAM.
(a) Establishment of Grant Program.--The Attorney General shall establish within the Office of Justice Programs a grant program under which the Attorney General shall make grants to eligible entities described in subsection (b) to carry out eligible activities described in subsection (c).
(b) Eligible Entities.--
(1) In general.--To be eligible to receive a grant under the grant program established under subsection (a) an entity shall be--
(A) an Indian Tribe;
(B) a relevant Tribal organization;
(C) subject to paragraph (2), a State, in consortium with--
(i) 1 or more Indian Tribes; and
(ii) relevant Tribal organizations, if any;
(D) a consortium of 2 or more Indian Tribes or relevant Tribal organizations; or
(E) subject to paragraph (2), a consortium of 2 or more States in consortium with--
(i) 1 or more Indian Tribes; and
(ii) relevant Tribal organizations, if any.
(2) State eligibility.--To be eligible under subparagraph (C) or (E) of paragraph (1), a State shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Attorney General that the State--
(A)(i) reports missing persons cases in the State to the national crime information databases; or
(ii) if not, has a plan to do so using a grant received under the grant program established under subsection (a); and
(B) if data sharing between the State and the Indian Tribes and relevant Tribal organizations with which the State is in consortium is part of the intended use of the grant received under the grant program established under subsection (a), has entered into a memorandum of understanding with each applicable Indian Tribe and relevant Tribal organization.
(c) Eligible Activities.--An eligible entity receiving a grant under the grant program established under subsection (a) may use the grant--
(1) to establish a statewide or regional center--
(A) to document and track--
(i) missing persons cases of interest to Indian Tribes;
(ii) sexual violence cases of interest to Indian Tribes; and
(iii) death investigations of interest to Indian Tribes; and
(B) to input information regarding missing persons cases of interest to Indian Tribes, unclaimed human remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes, and unidentified remains cases of interest to Indian Tribes into the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System and the Missing Persons File in the National Crime Information Center;
(2) to establish a State or regional commission to respond to, and to improve coordination between Federal law enforcement agencies, and Tribal, State, and local law enforcement agencies of the investigation of, missing persons cases of interest to Indian Tribes, sexual violence cases of interest to Indian Tribes, and death investigations of interest to Indian Tribes; and
(3) to document, develop, and disseminate resources for the coordination and improvement of the investigation of missing persons cases of interest to Indian Tribes, sexual violence cases of interest to Indian Tribes, and death investigations of interest to Indian Tribes, including to develop local or statewide rapid notification or communication systems for alerts and other information relating to those cases.
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the grant program established under subsection (a)(1) $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.
SEC. 6423. GAO STUDY ON FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
EVIDENCE COLLECTION, HANDLING, AND PROCESSING.
(a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study--
(1) on the evidence collection, handling, response times, and processing procedures and practices of the Office of Justice Services of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in exercising jurisdiction over crimes involving Indians or committed in Indian country;
(2) on barriers to evidence collection, handling, response times, and processing identified by the agencies referred to in paragraph (1);
(3) on the views of law enforcement officials at the agencies referred to in paragraph (1) and their counterparts within the Offices of the United States Attorneys concerning any relationship between--
(A) the barriers identified under paragraph (2); and
(B) United States Attorneys declination rates due to insufficient evidence; and
(4) that includes a description of barriers to evidence collection, handling, response times, and processing identified and faced by--
(A) Tribal law enforcement agencies; and
(B) State and local law enforcement agencies that exercise jurisdiction over Indian country.
(b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committees on Indian Affairs, the Judiciary, and Appropriations of the Senate and the Committees on Natural Resources, the Judiciary, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report describing the results of the study conducted under subsection (a).
SEC. 6424. BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS AND TRIBAL LAW
ENFORCEMENT OFFICER COUNSELING RESOURCES
INTERDEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION.
The Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Attorney General shall coordinate with the Director--
(1) to ensure that Federal training materials and culturally appropriate mental health and wellness programs are locally or regionally available to law enforcement officers working for the Office of Justice Services of the Bureau of Indian Affairs or an Indian Tribe; and
(2) to determine whether law enforcement agencies operated by the Office of Justice Services of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Indian Tribes are eligible to receive services under--
(A) the Law Enforcement Assistance Program of Federal Occupational Health of the Department of Health and Human Services; or
(B) any other law enforcement assistance program targeted to meet the needs of law enforcement officers working for law enforcement agencies operated by the Federal Government or an Indian Tribe.
TITLE XV--CROW TRIBE WATER RIGHTS SETTLEMENT AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2026
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SEC. 6501. CROW TRIBE WATER RIGHTS SETTLEMENT.
(a) Definitions.--Section 403 of the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291; 124 Stat. 3097) is amended--
(1) by striking paragraph (11) and inserting the following:
"(11) MR&I project.--The term `MR&I Project' means an activity described in clauses (i) through (iii) of section 411(e)(3)(F)."; and
(2) in paragraph (12)--
(A) in the paragraph heading, by striking "System" and inserting "Projects"; and
(B) in subparagraphs (A) through (C), by striking "System" each place it appears and inserting "Projects".
(b) Repeal of MR&I System.--
(1) In general.--Section 406 of the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291; 124 Stat. 3102) is repealed.
(2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents for the Claims Resolution Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291; 124 Stat. 3064) is amended by striking the item relating to section 406.
(c) Crow Settlement Fund.--Section 411 of the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291; 124 Stat. 3113) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking "to be administered by the Secretary" and inserting "to be managed, invested, and distributed by the Secretary and to remain available until expended, withdrawn, or reverted to the general fund of the Treasury, consisting of amounts deposited in the Fund under subsection (b), together with any investment earnings, including interest, earned on those amounts,";
(2) in subsections (b) and (c), by striking "section 414" each place it appears and inserting "section 415";
(3) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking "System" and inserting "Projects"; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
"(5) The MR&I Projects Account, to be established as soon as practicable after the date of enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027, consisting of--
"(A) amounts made available pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 415(b) that are appropriated after the date of enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027; and
"(B) amounts to be deposited pursuant to section 415(h)(2).";
(4) in subsection (e)--
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:
"(C) the American Indian Trust Fund Management Reform Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.)."; and
(B) in paragraph (3)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking "through (E)" and inserting "through (F)";
(ii) in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking "section 412" and inserting "section 413";
(iii) in subparagraph (E)--
(I) in the subparagraph heading, by striking "System" and inserting "Projects"; and
(II) by striking "System" each place it appears and inserting "Projects"; and
(iv) by adding at the end the following:
"(F) MR&I projects account.--Funds from the MR&I Projects Account shall be used for expenditures by the Tribe in accordance with the following:
"(i) Priority use of funds.--The Tribe shall use funds from the MR&I Projects Account--
"(I) to plan, permit, design, engineer, construct, reconstruct, replace, rehabilitate, operate, or repair water production, treatment, or delivery infrastructure, including for domestic and municipal use or wastewater infrastructure; and
"(II) to comply with applicable environmental laws for the activities described in subclause (I).
"(ii) Other use of funds.--After providing written notice to the Secretary that on-Reservation MR&I projects described in clause (i) are complete, the Tribe may use funds remaining in the MR&I Projects Account to purchase on-Reservation land with water rights.";
(5) in subsection (f)(2), by striking "section 414" and inserting "section 415"; and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
"(i) Title to Infrastructure.--Title to, control over, and operation of any project constructed using funds from the MR&I Projects Account shall remain in the Tribe.
"(j) Operation, Maintenance, and Replacement.--The Federal Government shall have no obligation to pay for the operation, maintenance, or replacement of any MR&I Project.".
(d) Crow CIP Implementation Account.--The Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 (31 U.S.C. 1101 note; Public Law 111-291) is amended--
(1) by redesignating sections 412 through 416 as sections 413 through 417, respectively; and
(2) by inserting after section 411 the following:
"SEC. 412. CROW CIP IMPLEMENTATION ACCOUNT.
"(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a nontrust, interest-bearing account, to be known as the `Crow CIP Implementation Account', to be managed and distributed by the Secretary.
"(b) Deposits.--The Secretary shall deposit in the Crow CIP Implementation Account--
"(1) amounts made available pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 415(a) that are appropriated after the date of enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027; and
"(2) amounts to be deposited pursuant to section 415(h)(1).
"(c) Uses.--Amounts in the Crow CIP Implementation Account shall be used to carry out section 405.
"(d) Interest.--In addition to the deposits made into the Crow CIP Implementation Account pursuant to subsection (b), any investment earnings, including interest credited to amounts unexpended in the Crow CIP Implementation Account, shall be available for use in accordance with subsection (c).".
(e) Yellowtail Dam, Montana.--Subsection (b)(1) of section 413 of the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291; 124 Stat. 3116) (as redesignated by subsection (d)(1)) is amended by striking "15 years" and inserting "20 years".
(f) Funding.--Section 415 of the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291; 124 Stat. 3120) (as redesignated by subsection (d)(1)) is amended--
(1) in subsection (e)--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking "System" and inserting "Projects"; and
(B) by striking "System" and inserting "Projects";
(2) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the following:
"(h) Joint Signature Accounts.--The Secretary shall take all actions necessary to authorize the withdrawal of funds, including principal and interest, held and maintained in joint signature accounts in accordance with the following:
"(1) Crow cip implementation account.--In the special joint signature account named `CIP Account' established pursuant to the agreement with the Tribe dated October 19, 2011, for the purpose of transferring and depositing those funds in the Crow CIP Implementation Account established under section 412(a).
"(2) MR&I projects account.--In the special joint signature account named `MR&I Account' established pursuant to the agreement with the Tribe dated September 13, 2012, for the purpose of transferring and depositing those funds in the MR&I Projects Account established pursuant to section 411(c)(5)."; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
"(j) MR&I Projects Account Fluctuations in Costs.--
"(1) Indexing adjustment.--Amounts deposited in the MR&I Projects Account pursuant to section 411(c)(5)(A) shall be increased or decreased, as appropriate, by such amounts as may be justified by reason of ordinary fluctuations in costs occurring after May 1, 2008, as indicated by the Bureau of Reclamation Construction Cost Index-Composite Trend.
"(2) Period of indexing.--The period of indexing adjustment under paragraph (1), for any increment of funding, shall end on the date on which the amounts are deposited in the MR&I Projects Account.".
(g) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
(1) Section 403(9) of the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291; 124 Stat. 3098) is amended by striking
"(25 U.S.C. 450b)" and inserting "(25 U.S.C. 5304)".
(2) Section 409(b) of the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291; 124 Stat. 3108) is amended, in each of paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking "section 414" and inserting "section 415".
(3) Section 410(e)(1) of the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291; 124 Stat. 3112) is amended--
(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking "section 414" and inserting "section 415"; and
(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking "agreements with the Tribe required by sections 405(a) and 406(a)" and inserting "agreement with the Tribe required by section 405(a)".
(4) Section 416 of the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 (31 U.S.C. 1105 note; Public Law 111-291) (as redesignated by subsection (d)(1)) is amended, in each of paragraphs (3) and (4), by striking "section 414" and inserting "section 415".
(h) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Claims Resolution Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-291; 124 Stat. 3064) is amended by striking the items relating to sections 407 through 416 and inserting the following:
"Sec. 407. Tribal water rights. "Sec. 408. Storage allocation from Bighorn Lake. "Sec. 409. Satisfaction of claims. "Sec. 410. Waivers and releases of claims. "Sec. 411. Crow Settlement Fund. "Sec. 412. Crow CIP Implementation Account. "Sec. 413. Yellowtail Dam, Montana. "Sec. 414. Miscellaneous provisions. "Sec. 415. Funding. "Sec. 416. Repeal on failure to meet enforceability date. "Sec. 417. Antideficiency.".
TITLE XVI--MASHPEE WAMPANOAG TRIBE AND WAMPANOAG TRIBE OF GAY HEAD (AQUINNAH) LEASING AUTHORITY
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SEC. 6601. MASHPEE WAMPANOAG TRIBE AND WAMPANOAG TRIBE OF GAY
HEAD (AQUINNAH) LEASING AUTHORITY.
Subsection (a) of the first section of the Act of August 9, 1955 (69 Stat. 539, chapter 615; 25 U.S.C. 415(a)) (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), is amended, in the second sentence, by inserting ", the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Reservation, land held in trust for the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)" after "Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation".
TITLE XVII--LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE PROJECT LANDS RESTORATION ACT
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SEC. 6701. LAND TAKEN INTO TRUST FOR THE LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM
TRIBE.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Reservation.--The term "Reservation" means the Lower Elwha Indian Reservation, also known as the Lower Elwha Reservation, located in the State of Washington.
(2) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior.
(3) Tribe.--The term "Tribe" means the Lower Elwha Tribal Community, also known as the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, located in the State of Washington.
(b) Land Held in Trust.--
(1) In general.--Subject to all valid existing rights of the United States, the approximately 1,082.63 acres of Federal land generally depicted as "NPS Parcels to be Transferred to Tribe" on the map entitled "Olympic National Park Proposed Transfer of Elwha Lands", numbered 149/178020, and dated December 2021 is hereby taken into and held in trust by the United States for the benefit of the Tribe.
(2) Inclusion in reservation.--The land taken into trust under paragraph (1) shall be part of the Reservation.
(3) Law applicable to certain land.--The land taken into trust under paragraph (1) shall not be subject to any requirements for valuation, appraisal, or equalization under any Federal law.
(c) Land Management.--Of the land taken into and held in trust under subsection (b)(1), the portion of the Elwha River subject to section 3(c)(3) of the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act (Public Law 102-495; 106 Stat. 3175) shall be managed in accordance with subsection (b) of the first section of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (16 U.S.C. 1271), except for necessary modifications under section 3(c)(3) of the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act (Public Law 102-495; 106 Stat. 3175).
(d) Map and Survey.--
(1) Boundary adjustment; survey.--As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct a survey to define the boundaries of the land taken into and held in trust under subsection (b)(1).
(2) Adjustments.--The Secretary may--
(A) make minor boundary adjustments to the land taken into and held in trust under subsection (b)(1); and
(B) correct any minor errors in any map, acreage estimate, or description of that land.
(e) Gaming Prohibition.--No land taken into and held in trust for the benefit of the Tribe under this section shall be considered Indian lands for the purpose of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.).
SEC. 6702. NO IMPACT ON TREATY RIGHTS.
Nothing in this title affects treaty rights under the Treaty between the United States of America and the S'Klallams Indians, concluded at Point no Point, Washington Territory, January 26, 1855 (12 Stat. 933) (commonly known as the "Treaty of Point No Point").
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SA 6613. Mr. KING submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Saving Our Veterans Lives Act of 2026".
SEC. 1095. COVERED ITEM DEFINED.
In this subtitle, the term "covered item" means a device described in section 921(a)(34)(C) of title 18, United States Code, designed to prevent unauthorized use of firearms or ammunition that--
(1) is used to grant authorized access or prevent unauthorized access to a firearm or ammunition;
(2) is marketed and intended as a secure firearm storage or security product;
(3) is not eligible or intended for commercial or individual resale; and
(4) may use physical, electronic, or other security mechanisms that meet or exceed standards established by the American Society for Testing and Materials or any successor standard.
SEC. 1096. CODIFICATION AND EXPANSION OF DEPARTMENT OF
VETERANS AFFAIRS PROGRAM TO FURNISH TO CERTAIN
VETERANS ITEMS USED FOR SECURE STORAGE OF
FIREARMS.
(a) Codification.--On and after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall carry out the program of the Department of Veterans Affairs in effect as of such date of enactment to provide covered items through the Prosthetics and Sensory Aids Service of the Department.
(b) Expansion to Include Certain Veterans.--The Secretary shall expand the program under subsection (a) to include veterans enrolled in the system of annual patient enrollment of the Department established and operated under section 1705 of title 38, United States Code--
(1) with any assessed suicide risk documented via a comprehensive suicide risk evaluation conducted during the previous one-year period;
(2) who can independently use a covered item or can use a covered item with assistance;
(3) with respect to whom a clinician has determined that a covered item may mitigate suicide risk of the veteran; and
(4) who consent to receive a covered item.
(c) Additional Authority.--
(1) Modifications.--The Secretary may make such modifications to the program under subsection (a) as the Secretary considers appropriate to improve or expand services provided under such program.
(2) Terms and conditions.--In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary may establish such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines appropriate, including--
(A) the types of covered items to provide; and
(B) other aspects of the program.
(3) Delegation.--The delegation of authority to the Secretary under this subsection is an express delegation of authority and shall be interpreted as such by any reviewing court or body.
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $10,000,000 for each year to carry out the program required under this section.
SEC. 1097. PILOT PROGRAM OF DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS TO
FURNISH TO CERTAIN VETERANS ITEMS USED FOR
SECURE STORAGE OF FIREARMS.
(a) In General.--Commencing not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall carry out a five-year pilot program (in this section referred to as the "pilot program") to provide to an eligible individual, upon the request of the eligible individual--
(1) a covered item or a redeemable voucher to aid in the distribution of a covered item; and
(2) information relating to the benefits of, and options for, secure firearm storage.
(b) Distribution of Covered Items.--In carrying out the pilot program, the Secretary may work with organizations that have experience, expertise, and business knowledge regarding covered items.
(c) Public Education Campaign.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall design and carry out a public education campaign to inform eligible individuals of the availability of covered items under the pilot program.
(2) Collaboration.--In carrying out the public education campaign required under paragraph (1), the Secretary may collaborate with organizations that have experience with respect to secure firearm storage devices.
(3) Assurance about lawful ownership of firearms.--The Secretary shall include in the public education campaign described in paragraph (1) material that assures eligible individuals that--
(A) their participation in the pilot program does not impact lawful ownership of firearms; and
(B) seeking mental health care or other treatment at the Department of Veterans Affairs does not impact lawful ownership of firearms.
(d) Additional Authority.--
(1) Rules and conditions.--The Secretary may prescribe such rules and conditions on the operation of the pilot program as the Secretary determines appropriate, including--
(A) the types of covered items to provide under the pilot program; and
(B) other aspects of the pilot program.
(2) Interim guidance.--The Secretary may carry out the pilot program through interim guidance in advance of the issuance of regulations for such purpose.
(3) Delegation.--The delegation of authority to the Secretary under this subsection is an express delegation of authority and shall be interpreted as such by any reviewing court or body.
(e) Reports to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the commencement of the pilot program, and not less frequently than annually thereafter for the duration of the pilot program, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes--
(1) a description of the pilot program in a manner consistent with applicable law;
(2) for the period covered by the report, the number of covered items distributed by the Veterans Health Administration and the number of covered items redeemed outside of the Veterans Health Administration under the pilot program;
(3) an assessment of efforts made to increase outreach and distribution of covered items under the pilot program to eligible individuals;
(4) an assessment of any obstacles to increasing outreach to eligible individuals;
(5) an identification of additional steps that will be taken during the one-year period after the submission of the report to improve the processes through which eligible individuals receive a covered item under the pilot program; and
(6) an identification of the service era and gender of each eligible individual who received a covered item under the pilot program, disaggregated by Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN).
(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031 to carry out the pilot program.
(g) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(A) the Committee on Veterans' Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Veterans' Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) Eligible individual.--The term "eligible individual" means a veteran or an individual described in section 1720I(b) of title 38, United States Code, who is not enrolled in the system of annual patient enrollment of the Department of Veterans Affairs established and operated under section 1705 of such title.
SEC. 1098. EDUCATION AND TRAINING.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of Veterans Affairs, in consultation with such organizations and agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate, shall develop and make available to veterans educational and training materials regarding the benefits of secure storage of firearms as a suicide prevention strategy.
(b) Impact on Gun Ownership.--Educational and training materials made available under subsection (a) shall include information stating that seeking mental health care or other treatment from the Department of Veterans Affairs does not impact lawful ownership of firearms.
SEC. 1099. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
Nothing in this subtitle may be construed--
(1) to authorize the collection of personally identifiable information of an individual who participates in the pilot program under section 1097 for the purposes of tracking firearm ownership;
(2) to require any such individual to register a firearm with the Department of Veterans Affairs or any other Federal, State, Tribal, or local unit of government;
(3) to require mandatory firearm storage for any such individual;
(4) to prohibit any such individual from purchasing, owning, or possessing a firearm under section 922 of title 18, United States Code;
(5) to discourage the lawful ownership of firearms;
(6) to create or maintain a list of individuals participating in such pilot program; or
(7) to authorize the use or retention of personally identifiable information of an individual who participates in such pilot program or the program under section 1096(a) for the purposes of tracking or inferring firearm ownership or access to firearms.
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SA 6614. Ms. DUCKWORTH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle A of title XXVIII, add the following:
SEC. 2807. PROHIBITION ON USE OF MILITARY CONSTRUCTION FUNDS
TO DETAIN MIGRANTS.
None of the funds authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available by this Act for military construction purposes may be used to construct, renovate, or expand any facility for the purposes of detention of migrants by the Department of Defense or to facilitate detention of migrants by the Department of Homeland Security, including by housing personnel of the Department of Homeland Security.
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SA 6615. Ms. DUCKWORTH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows: At the end of subtitle D of title VII, add the following:
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SEC. 771. CODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY FOR JOINT DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE-DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL
FACILITY DEMONSTRATION FUND.
(a) In General.--Chapter 55 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
"Sec. 1110c. Joint Medical Facility Demonstration Fund
"(a) Establishment.--There is established on the books of the Treasury under the Department of Veterans Affairs a fund to be known as the `Joint Department of Defense-Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Facility Demonstration Fund' (in this section referred to as the `Fund' ).
"(b) Use of Amounts.--Amounts in the Fund shall be used to facilitate the joint funding of designated combined Federal medical facilities of the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs.
"(c) Transfers to Fund.--
"(1) In general.--Amounts may be transferred to the Fund by the Secretary of Defense only from amounts first authorized and appropriated specifically for that purpose on and after the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027 for the Department of Defense and by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs only from amounts first authorized and appropriated specifically for that purpose on and after such date for the Department of Veterans Affairs, and as determined by a methodology jointly established by the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs that reflects the mission-specific activities, workload, and costs of provision of health care at the facilities of the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs, respectively.
"(2) Transfers of amounts from medical care collections.--Amounts may be transferred to the Fund from medical care collections under the following authorities for health care provided at designated combined Federal medical facilities of the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs:
"(A) Section 1095 of this title.
"(B) Section 1729 of title 38.
"(C) The Act entitled `An Act to provide for the recovery from tortiously liable third persons of the cost of hospital and medical care and treatment furnished by the United States' (Public Law 87-693; 42 U.S.C. 2651 et seq.; commonly known as the `Federal Medical Care Recovery Act').".
"(d) Availability of Amounts in Fund.--
"(1) In general.--Amounts transferred to the Fund under subsection (c) shall be available to fund the operations of designated combined Federal medical facilities of the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs, including capital equipment, real property maintenance, and minor construction projects that are not required to be specifically authorized by law under section 2805 of this title or section 8104 of title 38.
"(2) Captain james a. lovell federal health care center.--Amounts transferred to the Fund by the Secretary of Defense under subsection (c) may be used for facility operations of the Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, consisting of the North Chicago Veterans Affairs Medical Center, the Navy Ambulatory Care Center, and supporting facilities designated as a combined Federal medical facility under an operational agreement covered by section 706 of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110-417; 122 Stat. 4500).
"(3) Limitation.--The availability of amounts transferred to the Fund under subsection (c)(2) shall be subject to the provisions of section 1729A of title 38.
"(4) Period of availability.--
"(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), amounts transferred to the Fund under subsection (c) shall remain available under this subsection until the end of the first fiscal year beginning after the date of the transfer.
"(B) Exception.--Of the amount transferred to the Fund under subsection (c) in a fiscal year, an amount not to exceed two percent of such amount shall remain available
under this subsection until the end of the second fiscal year beginning after the date of the transfer.
"(e) Executive Agreement.--
"(1) Fund administration.--
"(A) In general.--The Fund shall be administered in accordance with an executive agreement between the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
"(B) Guidelines.--The executive agreement under subparagraph (A) shall be consistent with section 706 of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110-417; 122 Stat. 4500) and shall provide for an independent review of the methodology established under subsection (c)(1).
"(2) Financial reconciliation.--
"(A) In general.--The executive agreement between the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs under paragraph (1)(A) shall provide for the development and implementation of an integrated financial reconciliation process that meets the fiscal reconciliation requirements of the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs.
"(B) Identification of contributions.--The process under subparagraph (A) shall permit the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs to identify their fiscal contributions to the Fund, taking into consideration accounting, workload, and financial management differences.".
(b) Conforming Repeal.--Section 1704 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 111-84; 123 Stat. 2571), as most recently amended by section 1421 of the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (Public Law 118-159; 138 Stat. 2129), is repealed.
(c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall jointly submit to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Veterans' Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report indicating medical facilities of the Department of Defense or the Department of Veterans Affairs that either Secretary, or both, considers appropriate to be designated as combined Federal medical facilities of the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs.
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SA 6616. Ms. DUCKWORTH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle B of title II, add the following:
SEC. 225. STANDARDIZATION OF QUANTUM RADIO FREQUENCY SENSING
REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINT FORCE APPLICATIONS.
(a) Joint Requirements for Quantum Radio Frequency Technology.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, in coordination with the Secretaries of the military departments and the Chairman of the Joint Requirements Oversight Council, shall establish standardized joint requirements for quantum radio frequency sensing technology for use across the joint force.
(2) Requirements content.--The requirements established under paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum--
(A) performance thresholds for ultra-wide band spectrum sensing;
(B) interoperability standards for integration with existing electronic warfare, signals intelligence, and tactical communications systems, including compatibility with Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) and Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) waveforms as well as with Wideband Global Satellite (WGS) X and Ka band communications;
(C) size, weight, and power requirements for deployment on ground vehicles, surface vessels, unmanned systems, and manned aircraft platforms;
(D) performance specifications for operation in contested and congested electromagnetic spectrum environments, including resilience against electronic attack and interference;
(E) interface standards enabling multi-channel simultaneous reception across radar warning, communications intercept, spectrum monitoring, and tactical communications functions;
(F) scalability requirements supporting miniaturization through integrated photonics and photonic-integrated circuits for future chip-scale implementations; and
(G) ability to capture and distribute the frequency sensing data to enterprise-wide electromagnetic spectrum information technology, including cross-domain transfer from commercial cloud to classified Department of Defense information networks.
(b) Technology Development Roadmap.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering shall update the Quantum Science Critical Technology Area roadmap to include a dedicated section on quantum radio frequency sensing technology that--
(1) incorporates the joint requirements established under subsection (a);
(2) identifies near-term (0 to 2 years), mid-term (2 to 5 years), and far-term (5 to 10 years) development milestones for quantum radio frequency sensing technology;
(3) specifies minimum investment levels required from each military department to achieve roadmap milestones;
(4) identifies workforce requirements, including quantum scientists, photonics engineers, and radio frequency systems integrators;
(5) assesses the industrial base for quantum sensing components, including domestic sources for rubidium or cesium vapor cells, precision laser systems, and integrated photonics; and
(6) establishes technology readiness-level transition gates and criteria for advancement to acquisition programs of record.
(c) Transition to Programs of Record.--
(1) Designation.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall designate a lead military department for the development and acquisition of a joint quantum radio frequency sensing system, in consultation with the Joint Requirements Oversight Council.
(2) Program initiation.--The designated lead military department shall initiate a program of record for a quantum radio frequency sensing system not later than fiscal year 2029, subject to successful completion of--
(A) technology readiness assessment demonstrating achievement of Technology Readiness Level 6 or higher for the core Rydberg atomic sensing subsystem;
(B) operational assessment demonstrating interoperability with joint force electronic warfare and communications systems at a combatant command exercise or service-level network modernization experiment; and
(C) independent cost estimate for production and lifecycle costs across planned joint force platforms.
(d) Pilot Program for Quantum Radio Frequency Integration.--
(1) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering shall establish a pilot program to demonstrate integration of quantum radio frequency sensing technology on operationally relevant platforms across at least two military departments.
(2) Selection criteria.--Platforms selected for the pilot program shall include at least one representative from each of the following categories:
(A) Ground-based tactical vehicles or command posts.
(B) Naval surface vessels or submarines.
(C) Manned or unmanned aircraft.
(D) Fixed or deployable spectrum monitoring installations.
(3) Duration.--The pilot program shall have a duration of not more than three years.
(e) Reporting Requirements.--
(1) Initial report.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report that includes--
(A) the joint requirements established under subsection (a);
(B) the updated technology roadmap under subsection (b);
(C) the designation of the lead military department under subsection (c)(1);
(D) the status of the pilot program under subsection (d), including platforms selected and initial integration timelines;
(E) an assessment of investment levels required from each military department to achieve roadmap milestones; and
(F) in coordination with the Department of Defense Chief Information Office, a description of actions the Department can take to improve potential gaps in policy and standards required for the Department to achieve roadmap milestones.
(2) Annual updates.--Beginning in the year following submission of the initial report under paragraph (1), and annually thereafter through fiscal year 2032, the Under Secretary shall include in the annual report on Critical Technology Areas required under section 217(c) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note) a section specifically addressing quantum radio frequency sensing technology, including progress against roadmap milestones and transition to programs of record.
(f) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Integrated photonics.--The term "integrated photonics" means photonic devices and circuits manufactured on semiconductor or other wafer-scale substrates, enabling miniaturization of optical components for quantum-sensing applications.
(2) Quantum radio frequency sensing technology.--The term "quantum radio frequency sensing technology" means radio frequency detection and measurement systems that utilize Rydberg atomic states, including highly excited atoms exhibiting extreme sensitivity to electromagnetic fields, to convert radio frequency (RF) signals to the optical domain for detection without traditional antennas or solid-state analog receivers.
(3) Rydberg atomic states.--The term "Rydberg atomic states" means electronic states of atoms with very high principal quantum numbers, typically achieved by laser excitation of alkali atoms such as rubidium or cesium, which exhibit sensitivity to radio frequency electric fields.
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SA 6617. Mr. BOOKER (for himself and Mr. Curtis) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1__. EPERMIT ACT.
(a) Findings.--The Congress finds that--
(1) coordination between Federal, State, and local agencies and project sponsors is critical to ensuring the timely and effective completion of environmental reviews and authorizations, including through the sharing of relevant information, alignment of environmental review timelines, and integration of authorizations, while maintaining compliance with applicable statutory and regulatory requirements;
(2) digital strategies for environmental reviews have proven to make the community engagement process more accessible, available, and transparent to all stakeholders, especially the communities in which new projects are built;
(3) establishing robust data architectures will ensure data integrity, improve transparency, reduce costs, and enhance the ability of the Federal Government to serve the public;
(4) Federal agency use of modern software that can track the full lifecycle of environmental reviews and authorizations is critical for--
(A) effective project management and process improvement;
(B) enabling workflow automation, transparency, and tracking; and
(C) simplifying reporting requirements;
(5) modern business process management systems that track Federal agency workflows and produce vendor neutral, interoperable event, task, and other milestone data that can be shared with other Federal agency systems can reduce costs and improve performance for Federal agencies responsible for environmental reviews and authorizations;
(6) case and project management systems--
(A) are essential tools for managing the tasks and activities associated with environmental reviews and authorizations; and
(B) provide Federal agencies more data and insight into such environmental reviews and authorizations;
(7) well-defined business rules can enable process automation that allows Federal agencies responsible for environmental reviews or authorizations to expedite routine tasks and workflows, and improve transparency and accuracy of project timeline estimates, which in turn can help project sponsors better plan for application preparation and project delivery milestones;
(8) taking a standardized, digital-first perspective to environmental reviews and authorizations at Federal agencies responsible for environmental reviews or authorizations will improve document quality, lead to more concise reports, enable the reuse and accessibility of the data underpinning Federal agency analyses and decisions, and enable objective, technology-assisted evaluation of environmental impacts, analysis, and documentation, and accelerate future environmental reviews and authorizations;
(9) Federal agencies responsible for environmental reviews or authorizations, project sponsors, and the public should have access to up-to-date information on accurate timelines and the status of environmental reviews and authorizations; and
(10) allowing for seamless information exchange among Federal agencies and between Federal agencies and project sponsors will increase predictability and efficiency of environmental review and authorization schedules for project sponsors.
(b) Establishment of Data Standards.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality, in consultation with the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council, the Chief Information Officers Council, the Office of Management and Budget, and other relevant stakeholders and Federal agencies, shall develop, publish, and iteratively update data standards for the collection and curation of authorization data by Federal agencies, which shall be used to--
(A) assist with environmental reviews and authorizations;
(B) organize, define, and standardize various concepts, formats, and protocols that are included in environmental reviews and authorizations; and
(C) reduce the need for redundant environmental reviews by creating a shared vocabulary and software systems that will support vendor neutrality, data interoperability, workflow automation, and automatic data exchange between Federal agencies.
(2) Inclusions.--The data standards developed, published, and iteratively updated under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A) A standardized taxonomy that allows Federal agencies to identify and track data types, relationships, and values.
(B) Comprehensive categories for data, such as--
(i) projects;
(ii) processes;
(iii) environmental documents;
(iv) public comments;
(v) geospatial information;
(vi) public engagement events, as applicable by process or Federal agency;
(vii) case events; and
(viii) milestones to ensure clarity and uniformity.
(c) Development of Prototype Tools.--The Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality, in consultation with the Administrator of General Services, the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council, the Chief Information Officers Council, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and other relevant stakeholders and Federal agencies, shall design, test, and build prototype tools for environmental reviews and authorizations that will assist Federal agencies in implementing the minimum functional requirements described in subsection (d). The Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality shall prioritize designing, testing, and building tools under this subsection that--
(1) support authorization case or project management systems that manage tasks, milestones, and activities associated with environmental reviews and authorizations, and provide Federal agencies more data and insight into such reviews and authorizations;
(2) enable--
(A) application submission and tracking portals used by project sponsors, enabling greater transparency; and
(B) public comment opportunity tracking portals to increase transparency;
(3) facilitate automated applications, environmental reviews. and authorizations;
(4) allow data exchange between Federal agency systems; and
(5) accelerate complex environmental reviews.
(d) Publication of Guidance for Implementation of Data Standards and Minimum Functional Requirements.--
(1) Publication.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality shall publish guidance for how each Federal agency responsible for environmental reviews or authorizations implements--
(A) the data standards published under subsection (b); and
(B) the following minimum functional requirements:
(i) Application data sharing that enables automated transfer of relevant environmental review and authorization data among Federal agencies.
(ii) Automated project screening to assist frontline staff with reviewing project sponsor provided information for completeness and accuracy and determining if a categorical exclusion or other general authorization applies to an action.
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Automated project screening may not be used by the Council on Environmental Quality or a Federal agency to unlawfully restrict any activities on Federal lands.
(iii) Public availability of screening criteria and related decision models.
(iv) Automated case or project management tools which include a repository of relevant data and metadata that enable advanced tracking, reporting, and optimization to aid workflows.
(v) Integrated geographic information system analysis tools which incorporate geospatial data layers and models for each resource analyzed as part of an environmental review or authorization for a given study area.
(vi) Document management tools that preserve metadata associated with geospatial analysis, modeling, and other analytic processes conducted during an environmental review or authorization, to support future reviews and enable Artificial Intelligence-assisted analysis of past decisions.
(vii) Automated comment compilation and analysis tools, including services for comment categorization and response that handle the lifecycle of comment submission, analysis, categorization and response with Artificial Intelligence support where appropriate.
(viii) Administrative record management tools that maintain both portable document formats and data-rich repositories accessible to both machine and human users.
(ix) Common or interoperable Federal agency services that integrate shared services, shared applications, and common user experiences for Federal agency staff, project sponsors, and the public.
(2) Inclusions.--The guidance published under this subsection shall include the following:
(A) Guidelines for cloud-based storage, data sharing protocols, and application programming interfaces to enable the Council on Environmental Quality to work with Federal agencies to use authorization data to aid Federal agencies in modernizing their environmental reviews and authorizations and for iterative development of the authorization portal.
(B) Provisions that support scalability and adaptability of the minimum requirements to emerging technologies.
(e) Implementation of Data Standards and Minimum Functional Requirements.--
(1) Implementation.--The head of each Federal agency responsible for environmental reviews or authorizations shall--
(A) not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act--
(i) compare existing Federal agency systems for environmental reviews and authorizations under their authority with the data standards published under subsection (b) and the minimum functional requirements described in subsection (d)(1)(B) and report findings from such comparison to the Council on Environmental Quality;
(ii) assess whether existing Federal agency technological capabilities are consistent with the data standards published under subsection (b) and the minimum functional requirements described in subsection (d)(1)(B);
(iii) submit to the Council on Environmental Quality a report that estimates the completion dates for implementing the data standards published under subsection (b) and the minimum functional requirements described in subsection (d)(1)(B); and
(iv) submit to the Council on Environmental Quality, in consultation with the Council on Environmental Quality, an implementation plan that--
(I) describes how the Federal agency will implement the data standards published under subsection (b) and the minimum functional requirements described in subsection (d)(1)(B); and
(II) describes how, to the extent the Federal agency determines necessary to meet relevant statutory requirements, the Federal agency will adopt or implement the prototype tools tested, designed, and built under subsection (c); and
(B) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, begin implementing the data standards published under subsection (b) and the minimum functional requirements described in subsection (d)(1)(B).
(2) Report.--Not less frequently than twice each year, the Chief Information Officer of each Federal agency, in consultation with the Chief Environmental Review and Permitting Officer of each Federal agency, shall submit to the Council on Environmental Quality and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget a report on the progress of the Federal agency towards meeting the requirements of paragraph (1).
(f) Unified Interagency Data System.--
(1) In general.--
(A) Unified interagency data system.--To the maximum extent practicable, the Chair of the Council of Environmental Quality and the head of each Federal agency responsible for environmental reviews or authorizations shall iteratively develop and maintain a unified interagency data system consisting of interconnected Federal agency systems and shared services for environmental reviews and authorizations.
(B) Authorization portal.--
(i) In general.--The shared services developed and maintained under subparagraph (A) shall include a common interactive, digital, cloud-based authorization portal, which shall--
(I) be designed in a manner consistent with--
(aa) the recommendations of the Council on Environmental Quality included in the study submitted pursuant to section 110 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4336d) titled "Council on Environmental Quality Report to Congress on the Potential for Online and Digital Technologies to Address Delays in Reviews and Improve Public Accessibility and Transparency under 42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)"; and
(bb) the minimum functional requirements described in subsection (d)(1)(B);
(II) serve as a platform for tracking and displaying real-time data on environmental reviews and authorizations made available through application programming interfaces or other reporting mechanisms from Federal agency systems that are compliant with the data standards and data architecture described in this section;
(III) be supported by a decentralized, cross-network digital infrastructure software that ensures vendor neutrality and interoperability of data and models across Federal agencies;
(IV) include a mechanism for the dissemination of relevant information (such as a notice of intent for public comment, public meetings, project statuses, or a notice of intent to begin an environmental review) to local communities, as applicable;
(V) allow a project sponsor to submit all necessary documentation for environmental reviews and authorizations in one unified and secure portal;
(VI) support interactive, digital, and cloud-based tools enabling applicants to edit documents and collaborate with relevant Federal agencies in real time;
(VII) support visual features, including video, animation, geographic information system displays, interactive maps, and three-dimensional renderings;
(VIII) provide for the exchange of information to and from Federal agency data systems via an application programming interface or another reporting mechanisms;
(IX) allow for the submission of geospatial data associated with project location, footprint, and impact;
(X) support automatic documentation of submission and process timelines; and
(XI) allow the following metrics to be tracked over time--
(aa) estimates of achieved efficiencies, such as reductions in the time between receipt of applications and final authorization decisions;
(bb) comparisons of authorization timelines before and after the implementation of this section;
(cc) usage of the authorization portal and other statistics from the Digital Analytics Program;
(dd) metrics on the number of public comments received, responses provided, and community meetings held;
(ee) the number of projects subject to litigation based on authorization deficiencies or inefficiencies;
(ff) a list of Federal agencies that are not yet fully compliant with the data standards published under subsection (b) and the minimum functional requirements described in subsection (d)(1)(B), along with their progress toward compliance; and
(gg) examples or repositories of Federal agency-developed digital workflows enabled by the implementation of this section, including visualizations of data sharing, authorizations and decision logic, and environmental reviews.
(ii) Administrative support.--The Administrator of General Services shall host the authorization portal as a shared service for Congress, Federal agencies, and the public.
(iii) Accessability.--The authorization portal shall be accessible to Congress, Federal agencies, and the public, with appropriate safeguards to protect sensitive or classified information and information restricted by user type as appropriate.
(iv) Public accessibility.--To the extent practicable and consistent with other law, the authorization portal shall provide public access to non-sensitive data, including authorization timelines, location, project type, environmental reviews, and mitigation measures.
(v) Congressional access and oversight.--
(I) In general.--The authorization portal shall provide Congress with direct access to aggregated performance data and other analytics to enable real-time oversight of Federal agencies.
(II) Artificial intelligence support systems and training materials.--Congress shall have access to the data, fine-tuning procedures, and prompt configurations specifically created or adapted for Artificial Intelligence systems used to support environmental review or authorization activities, excluding proprietary or general pretraining materials unrelated to such agency-specific customization.
(III) Technical assistance.--The Council on Environmental Quality shall provide to Congress technical assistance upon request to ensure effective use of the authorization portal and Artificial Intelligence systems for oversight purposes.
(C) Cybersecurity and compliance considerations.--The authorization portal shall be designed to promote vendor neutral interoperability, reduce redundancy, and ensure compliance and coordination with other laws, including--
(i) section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the Privacy Act of 1974), and subchapter II of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code;
(ii) the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program established under section 3608 of title 44, United States Code; and
(iii) the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security, for a case in which the project is in coordination with a Federal agency with stringent security requirements.
(2) Deadlines.--
(A) Shared services pilot.--Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Council on Environmental Quality shall oversee piloting of shared services for environmental reviews and authorizations, including the authorization portal under paragraph (1)(B).
(B) Unified system development and implementation.--To the maximum extent practicable, not later than December 1, 2027, the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality shall develop and implement the unified interagency data system required under paragraph (1)(A).
(3) Report.--Not less frequently than annually, the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality, in consultation with the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council, the Chief Information Officers Council, and other relevant stakeholders and Federal agencies, shall submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report on the Council on Environmental Quality's progress on developing a unified interagency data system under paragraph (1)(A).
(g) Authority to Enter Into Contracts.--The Council on Environmental Quality may enter into contracts and other arrangements for analyses, services, and products with Federal agencies, private organizations, and businesses, and make such payments as determined necessary by the Council on Environmental Quality to carry out the provisions of this section.
(h) Clarifying Rulemaking Authority.--Nothing in this section
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shall be construed to authorize the Council on Environmental Quality or a Federal agency to impose additional regulatory processes or requirements beyond those expressly stipulated under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) or any other law.
(i) Savings Clause.--To the extent that a data system, technology, or tool developed or incorporated into a unified interagency
data system under this section is not limited by project type, the data system, technology, or tool shall not have its use be restricted by project type.
(j) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Authorization.--The term "authorization" means any license, permit, approval, finding, determination, or other administrative decision issued by an agency and any interagency consultation that is required or authorized under Federal law in order to site, construct, reconstruct, or commence operations of a project administered by a Federal agency.
(2) Authorization data.--The term "authorization data" means--
(A) any data relevant for a Federal agency to--
(i) determine the effect on the environment of an action for which an authorization is required by the Federal agency; and
(ii) determine whether to issue such authorization; and
(B) any community input or public comment on such determinations.
(3) Data architecture.--The term "data architecture" means the design and organization of data systems, including frameworks for data storage, processing, and exchange.
(4) Data standards.--The term "data standards" means agreed-upon specifications for data formats, structures, and definitions to ensure consistency and vendor neutral interoperability.
(5) Environmental review.--The term "environmental review" means any Federal agency procedures or processes for--
(A) applying a categorical exclusion; or
(B) preparing an environmental assessment, an environmental impact statement, or another document required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
(6) Federal agency.--The term "Federal agency" has the meaning given the term "agency" in section 551 of title 5, United States Code.
(7) Federal permitting improvement steering council.--The term "Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council" has the meaning given the term "Council" in section 41001 of the FAST Act (42 U.S.C. 4370m).
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SA 6618. Mr. BOOKER submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. ASSESSMENT OF MARITIME CHOKEPOINT RESILIENCE.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of Defense shall conduct an assessment of--
(1) the readiness of the United States Armed Forces to respond to disruptions affecting major global maritime chokepoints (including the Strait of Hormuz, Bab-el Mandeb, Suez Canal, and Strait of Malacca); and
(2) the ability of the Department of Defense to maintain freedom of navigation and access through such chokepoints during periods of crisis or conflict.
(b) Report.--Not later 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the findings of the assessment required by subsection (a) that includes the following:
(1) An assessment of vulnerabilities to freedom of navigation and maritime access at major global maritime chokepoints.
(2) An evaluation of the force posture, force structure, and operational requirements necessary to maintain access during disruptions, including if disruptions happen at multiple maritime chokepoints simultaneously.
(3) An analysis of threats posed by mines, unmanned systems, missiles, small boat attacks, and other asymmetric capabilities to United States and allied maritime operations.
(4) An assessment of coordination and operational planning with allies, partners, and interagency entities for responding to maritime chokepoint disruptions, including if disruptions happen at multiple chokepoints simultaneously.
(5) An evaluation of global force management tradeoffs associated with responding to simultaneous or multiple maritime chokepoint disruptions.
(6) An identification of capability gaps across naval, air, logistics, and supporting forces required to ensure continued access and freedom of navigation through major global maritime chokepoints.
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SA 6619. Mr. BOOKER (for himself and Mrs. Britt) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:
SEC. 10__. IMPROVE INITIATIVE.
Part B of title IV of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 409K. IMPROVE INITIATIVE.
"(a) In General.--The Director of NIH shall carry out a program of research to improve health outcomes, to be known as the Implementing a Maternal health and PRegnancy Outcomes Vision for Everyone Initiative (referred to in this section as the `Initiative').
"(b) Objectives.--The Initiative shall--
"(1) advance research to--
"(A) reduce preventable causes of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity;
"(B) reduce health disparities related to maternal health outcomes, including such disparities associated with medically underserved populations; and
"(C) improve health for pregnant and postpartum women before, during, and after pregnancy;
"(2) use an integrated approach to understand the factors, including biological, behavioral, and other factors, that affect maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity by building an evidence base for improved outcomes in specific regions of the United States; and
"(3) target health disparities associated with maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity by--
"(A) implementing and evaluating community-based interventions for disproportionately affected women; and
"(B) identifying risk factors and the underlying biological mechanisms associated with leading causes of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity in the United States.
"(c) Sunset.--This section shall cease to have any force or effect on the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this section.".
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SA 6620. Mr. BOOKER submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in subtitle G of title X, insert the following:
SEC. __. PILOT PROGRAM ON DOULA SUPPORT FOR VETERANS.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) There are approximately 2,100,000 women within the veteran population in the United States, the fastest growing demographic group of veterans.
(2) By 2020, the proportion of all women veterans using health care from the Department of Veterans Affairs grew to 28 percent from 17 percent in 2010.
(3) During the period of 2010 through 2020, the number of women veterans using health care from the Department nearly doubled, from 316,961 to 556,135.
(4) In 2025, there are more than 600,000 women receiving health care from the Department.
(5) Although prenatal care and delivery is not provided in facilities of the Department, pregnant women seeking care from the Department for other conditions may also need emergency care and require coordination of services through the Veterans Community Care Program under section 1703 of title 38, United States Code.
(6) The number of women veteran patients with obstetric deliveries paid for by the Department increased to more than 5,500 in fiscal year 2019, triple the number of such patients in fiscal year 2009, and 22 times the number from fiscal year 1999.
(7) Notably, a quarter of the deliveries specified in paragraph (5) from fiscal year 2019 were among veterans of advanced maternal age (35 years old or older) and a quarter were among Black or African-American veterans, both groups known to experience higher risk of severe maternal morbidity.
(8) A study in 2010 found that veterans returning from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom who experienced pregnancy were twice as likely to have a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia as those who had not experienced a pregnancy.
(9) The number of women veterans of reproductive age seeking care from the Department continues to grow (more than 228,000 as of fiscal year 2020).
(b) Program.--
(1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall establish a pilot program to furnish doula services to covered veterans through eligible entities by expanding the Whole Health model of the Department of Veterans Affairs, or successor model, to measure the impact that doula support services have on birth and mental health outcomes of pregnant veterans (in this section referred to as the "pilot program").
(2) Consideration.--In carrying out the pilot program, the Secretary shall consider all types of doulas, including traditional and community-based doulas.
(3) Consultation.--In designing and implementing the pilot program, the Secretary shall consult with stakeholders, including--
(A) organizations representing veterans, including veterans that are disproportionately impacted by poor maternal health outcomes;
(B) community-based health care professionals, including doulas, and other stakeholders; and
(C) experts in promoting health equity and combating racial bias in health care settings.
(4) Goals.--The goals of the pilot program are the following:
(A) To improve--
(i) maternal, mental health, and infant care outcomes;
(ii) integration of doula support services into the Whole Health model of the Department, or successor model; and
(iii) the experience of women receiving maternity care from the Department, including by increasing the ability of a woman to develop and follow her own birthing plan.
(B) To reengage veterans with the Department after giving birth.
(c) Locations.--The Secretary shall carry out the pilot program in--
(1) the three Veterans Integrated Service Networks of the Department that have the highest percentage of female veterans enrolled in the patient enrollment system of the Department established and operated under section 1705(a) of title 38, United States Code, compared to the total number of enrolled veterans in such Network;
(2) the three Veterans Integrated Service Networks that have the lowest percentage of female veterans enrolled in the patient enrollment system compared to the total number of enrolled veterans in such Network; and
(3) at least one Veterans Integrated Services Network--
(A) located in or serving a Frontier State (as defined in section 1886(d)(3)(E)(iii)(II) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww(d)(3)(E)(iii)(II))) where more than \1/3\ of the population lives in frontier land; and
(B) serving populations experiencing higher average risk and prevalence for maternal mental health disorders, including American Indian or Alaska Native veterans.
(d) Open Participation.--The Secretary shall allow any eligible entity or covered veteran interested in participating in the pilot program to participate in the pilot program.
(e) Services Provided.--
(1) In general.--Under the pilot program, a covered veteran shall receive not more than 10 sessions of care from a doula under the Whole Health model of the Department, or successor model, under which a doula works as an advocate for the veteran alongside the medical team for the veteran.
(2) Sessions.--Sessions covered under paragraph (1) shall be as follows:
(A) Three or four sessions before labor and delivery.
(B) One session during labor and delivery.
(C) Three or four sessions after post-partum, which may be conducted via the mobile application for VA Video Connect.
(f) Administration of Pilot Program.--
(1) In general.--The Office of Women's Health of the Department of Veterans Affairs, or successor office (in this section referred to as the "Office"), shall--
(A) coordinate services and activities under the pilot program;
(B) oversee the administration of the pilot program; and
(C) conduct onsite assessments of medical facilities of the Department that are participating in the pilot program.
(2) Guidelines for veteran-specific care.--The Office shall establish guidelines under the pilot program for training doulas on military sexual trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder.
(3) Amounts for care.--The Office may recommend to the Secretary appropriate payment amounts for care and services provided under the pilot program, which shall not exceed $3,500 per doula per veteran.
(g) Doula Service Coordinator.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Office, shall establish a Doula Service Coordinator within the functions of the Maternity Care Coordinator at each medical facility of the Department that is participating in the pilot program.
(2) Duties.--A Doula Service Coordinator established under paragraph (1) at a medical facility shall be responsible for--
(A) working with eligible entities, doulas, and covered veterans participating in the pilot program; and
(B) managing payment between eligible entities and the Department under the pilot program.
(3) Tracking of information.--A doula providing services under the pilot program shall report to the applicable Doula Service Coordinator after each session conducted under the pilot program.
(4) Coordination with women's program manager.--A Doula Service Coordinator for a medical facility of the Department shall coordinate with the women's program manager for that facility in carrying out the duties of the Doula Service Coordinator under the pilot program.
(h) Term of Pilot Program.--The Secretary shall conduct the pilot program for a period of five years.
(i) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary shall establish a process to provide technical assistance to eligible entities and doulas participating in the pilot program.
(j) Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for each year in which the pilot program is carried out, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Veterans' Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on the pilot program.
(2) Final report.--As part of the final report submitted under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall include recommendations on whether the model studied in the pilot program should be continued or more widely adopted by the Department.
(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2032, such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(l) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Covered veteran.--The term "covered veteran" means a pregnant veteran or a formerly pregnant veteran (with respect to sessions post-partum) who is enrolled in the patient enrollment system of the Department of Veterans Affairs established and operated under section 1705(a) of title 38, United States Code.
(2) Eligible entity.--The term "eligible entity" means an entity that provides medically accurate, comprehensive maternity services to covered veterans under the laws administered by the Secretary, including under the Veterans Community Care Program under section 1703 of title 38, United States Code.
(3) VA video connect.--The term "VA Video Connect" means the program of the Department of Veterans Affairs to connect veterans with their health care team from anywhere, using encryption to ensure a secure and private session.
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SA 6621. Mr. BOOKER submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,885 characters)
At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1271. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ENFORCING AND EXPANDING THE
UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL ARMS EMBARGO ON
SUDAN.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the current war and atrocities taking place in Sudan by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), and allied militias must end immediately;
(2) the international community must condemn the atrocities taking place in Sudan;
(3) the United Nations Security Council should--
(A) expand the Darfur arms embargo to apply to all territory and actors within the internationally recognized borders of Sudan;
(B) expand the Darfur arms embargo to include dual-use equipment under the list of prohibited material; and
(C) establish a more stringent sanctions enforcement regime to ensure actors violating the current Darfur arms embargo are held accountable;
(4) the U.S. government should--
(A) increase and develop improved mechanisms for monitoring and documenting atrocities and weapons supply chains into and across Sudan; and
(B) use its voice and vote at the UN Security Council to better enforce the current arms embargo on Darfur and expand the embargo to all of Sudan; and
(5) the United Nations, the African Union, and other allies and partners should--
(A) press the United Nations, the African Union, and other allies and partners to condemn the atrocities taking place in Sudan;
(B) call for a more effective and inclusive arms embargo on Sudan;
(C) work to ensure unfettered delivery of humanitarian aid across Sudan;
(D) support a mechanism to protect civilians;
(E) use their influence to pressure the SAF, RSF, and allied militias to end this conflict; and
(F) exert pressure on regional and external actors to stop arming and financially supporting the belligerent parties and adhere to the arms embargo in Sudan.
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SA 6622. Mr. BOOKER submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (4,295 characters)
At the appropriate place in subtitle G of title X, insert the following:
SEC. __. EXPANSION OF SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR VERY LOW-INCOME
VETERAN FAMILIES TO INCLUDE FORMER MEMBERS OF
THE RESERVE COMPONENTS OF THE ARMED FORCES.
(a) Expansion of Eligibility.--Section 2044 of title 38, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in the section heading, by striking "veteran" and inserting "eligible";
(2) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "veteran families" and inserting "eligible families";
(B) in paragraph (4), by striking "veteran families" and inserting "eligible families"; and
(C) in paragraph (6), by striking "veteran family" and inserting "eligible family";
(3) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking "veteran families" and inserting "eligible families"; and
(ii) in subparagraph (D)(vii), by striking "veteran family" and inserting "eligible family";
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking "veteran families" and inserting "eligible families"; and
(C) in paragraph (3), by striking "veteran families" and inserting "eligible families";
(4) in subsection (c)(2), by striking "veteran families" each place it appears and inserting "eligible families";
(5) in subsection (d)(1), by striking "veteran families" and inserting "eligible families"; and
(6) in subsection (f)--
(A) in paragraph (6)(A)--
(i) by striking "very low-income veteran family" and inserting "very low-income eligible family"; and
(ii) by striking "a veteran family" and inserting "an eligible family"; and
(B) by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the following:
"(7) The term `eligible family' includes--
"(A) a veteran who is a single person;
"(B) a family in which the head of household or the spouse of the head of household is a veteran;
"(C) a former member of a reserve component of the Armed Forces who has retired or separated from service after having served a term of enlistment and is a single person; and
"(D) a family in which the head of household or spouse of the head of household is a former member of a reserve component of the Armed Forces who has retired or separated from service after having served a term of enlistment.".
(b) Funding.--Subsection (e) of such section is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (9) as subparagraphs (A) through (I), respectively;
(2) by inserting "(1)" before "From amounts"; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
"(2)(A) Of amounts available under paragraph (1)(I) for fiscal year 2026, $50,000,000 shall be available to carry out subsections (a), (b), and (c) with respect to eligible families described in subparagraphs (C) and (D) of subsection (f)(7).
"(B) Any amounts made available under subparagraph (A) to carry out subsections (a), (b), and (c) with respect to eligible families described in subparagraphs (C) and (D) of subsection (f)(7) that remain available after supportive services have been provided to such families under this section shall be available during fiscal year 2026 to carry out subsections (a), (b), and (c) with respect to eligible families described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of such subsection.".
SEC. __. STUDY ON FOOD AND HOUSING INSECURITY EXPERIENCED BY
MEMBERS OF THE RESERVE COMPONENTS OF THE ARMED
FORCES.
(a) Report on Establishment of Study.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report detailing plans to establish a study to analyze food and housing insecurity experienced by members of the reserve components of the Armed Forces.
(b) Conduct of Study.--Not later than 120 days after the date on which the report required by subsection (a) is submitted, the Secretary of Defense shall begin conducting the study described in such subsection.
(c) Annual Report.--Not later than one year after the date on which the report required by subsection (a) is submitted, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report including the findings of the study conducted pursuant to subsection (b).
(d) Reserve Component Defined.--In this section, the term "reserve component" has the meaning given that term in section 101 of title 38, United States Code.
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SA 6623. Mr. BOOKER submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (6,869 characters)
At the appropriate place in title XII, insert the following:
SEC. 12___. COMBATING INTERNATIONAL ISLAMOPHOBIA.
(a) Authorization for Establishment of Office to Monitor and Combat Islamophobia.-- Title I of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
"SEC. 66. MONITORING AND COMBATING ISLAMOPHOBIA.
"(a) Office To Monitor and Combat Islamophobia.--
"(1) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary of State shall establish within the Department of State an Office to Monitor and Combat Islamophobia (in this section referred to as the `Office').
"(2) Head of office.--
"(A) Special envoy for monitoring and combating islamophobia.--The head of the Office shall be the Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating Islamophobia (in this section referred to as the `Special Envoy') who shall be appointed by the Secretary of State.
"(B) Appointment of special envoy.--The Secretary may--
"(i) if considered appropriate by the Secretary, appoint the Special Envoy from among officers and employees of the Department of State; and
"(ii) allow any such officer or employee appointed as Special Envoy to retain the position (and the responsibilities associated with such position) held by such officer or employee prior to such appointment.
"(b) Purpose of Office.--The Office shall be responsible for the following:
"(1) Monitoring and combating acts of Islamophobia and Islamophobic incitement that occur in foreign countries.
"(2) Coordinating and assisting in the preparation of that portion of the reports required by sections 116(d)(9) and 502B(k) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n(d), 2304(k)) relating to an assessment and description of the nature and extent of acts of Islamophobia and Islamophobic incitement.
"(3) Coordinating and assisting in the preparation of that portion of the report required by section 102(b)(1)(A)(viii) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6412(b)(1)(A)(viii)) relating to an assessment and description of the nature and extent of acts of Islamophobia and Islamophobic incitement.
"(c) Consultations.--The Special Envoy shall consult with domestic and international nongovernmental organizations and multilateral organizations and institutions, as the Special Envoy considers appropriate, to carry out this section.".
(b) Inclusion in Department of State Annual Reports of Information Concerning Acts of Islamophobia in Foreign Countries.--
(1) Inclusion in annual country reports on human rights practices.--The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended--
(A) in section 116(d) (22 U.S.C. 2151n(d))--
(i) in paragraph (11)(C), by striking "and" at the end;
(ii) in paragraph (12)(C)(ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon;
(iii) by redesignating paragraph (13) as paragraph (14);
(iv) in paragraph (14), as so redesignated, by striking "Wherever applicable" and inserting "wherever applicable"; and
(v) by inserting after paragraph (12) the following new paragraph:
"(13) wherever applicable, a description of the nature and extent of acts of Islamophobia and Islamophobic incitement that occurred during the preceding year, including descriptions of--
"(A) acts of physical violence against, or harassment of, members of the Muslim community, and acts of violence against, or vandalism of, Muslim community institutions, including schools, mosques, and cemeteries;
"(B) instances of propaganda in government and nongovernment media that attempt to justify or promote racial hatred or incite acts of violence against members of the Muslim community;
"(C) the actions, if any, taken by the government of that country to respond to such violence and attacks or to eliminate such propaganda or incitement;
"(D) the actions taken by such government to enact and enforce laws relating to the protection of the right to religious freedom of members of the Muslim community; and
"(E) the efforts of such government to promote anti-bias and tolerance education; and"; and
(B) in section 502B (22 U.S.C. 2304), by--
(i) redesignating the second subsection (i) (relating to child marriage status) as subsection (j); and
(ii) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
"(k) Information Concerning Acts of Islamophobia in Foreign Countries.--The report required by subsection (b) shall include, wherever applicable, a description of the nature and extent of acts of Islamophobia and Islamophobic incitement that occurred during the preceding year, including descriptions of--
"(1) acts of physical violence against, or harassment of, members of the Muslim community, and acts of violence against, or vandalism of, Muslim community institutions, including schools, mosques, and cemeteries;
"(2) instances of propaganda in government and nongovernment media that attempt to justify or promote racial hatred or
incite acts of violence against members of the Muslim community;
"(3) the actions, if any, taken by the government of that country to respond to such violence and attacks or to eliminate such propaganda or incitement;
"(4) the actions taken by such government to enact and enforce laws relating to the protection of the right to religious freedom of members of the Muslim community; and
"(5) the efforts of such government to promote anti-bias and tolerance education.".
(2) Inclusion in annual report on international religious freedom.--Section 102(b)(1)(A) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6412(b)(1)(A)) is amended--
(A) in clause (vi), by striking "and" at the end;
(B) in clause (vii)(II), by striking the period at the end and inserting "; and"; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new clause:
"(viii) wherever applicable, an assessment and description of the nature and extent of acts of Islamophobia and Islamophobic incitement that occurred in that country during the preceding the year, including--
"(I) acts of physical violence against, or harassment of, members of the Muslim community, acts of violence against, or vandalism of, Muslim community institutions, instances of propaganda in government and nongovernment media that incite such acts, and statements and actions relating thereto; and
"(II) the actions taken by the government of that country to respond to such violence and attacks or to eliminate such propaganda or incitement, to enact and enforce laws relating to the protection of the right to religious freedom of members of the Muslim community, and to promote anti-bias and tolerance education.".
(3) Effective date of inclusions.--The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) shall apply on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
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SA 6624. Ms. COLLINS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,593 characters)
At the end of subtitle C of title VIII, add the following:
SEC. 850. REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO WEARING OPTIONAL COMBAT
BOOTS.
(a) In General.--Not later than three years after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary of Defense shall issue regulations, to take effect not more than one year after issuance, to prohibit any member of the Armed Forces who joins the Armed Forces after the date the regulations are issued from wearing optional combat boots as part of a required uniform unless the optional combat boots are entirely manufactured in the United States and entirely made of--
(1) materials grown, reprocessed, reused, or produced in the United States; and
(2) components that are manufactured entirely in the United States and entirely made of materials described in paragraph (1).
(b) Waiver.--The requirements of subsection (a) may be waived if a member of the Armed Forces provides a medical justification authorized by the commanding officer of such member to wear optional combat boots as part of a required uniform.
(c) Exception.--The requirements of subsection (a) shall not apply to a member of the Armed Forces within a combat arms military occupational specialty who is in a deployed status.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) The term "optional combat boots", with respect to a member of the Armed Forces, means combat boots not furnished to such member of the Armed Forces by the Secretary of Defense.
(2) The term "required uniform" means a uniform a member of the Armed Forces is required to wear as a member of the Armed Forces.
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SA 6625. Mr. SHEEHY submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (2,333 characters)
At the end of subtitle B of title VIII, add the following:
SEC. 823. SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE FOR DELIVERY OF CERTAIN
INFORMATION UNDER DEFENSE CONTRACTS.
(a) Chapter 281 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
"Sec. 3865. Specific performance for delivery of certain
information under defense contracts
"(a) Authority.--The Federal Government may bring an action arising under a covered legal instrument entered into by the Department of Defense in an appropriate district court of the United States for an order of specific performance requiring delivery of covered information in such format and manner as the court determines appropriate and necessary. In any such action, the court may determine the scope of the Federal Government's rights in the covered information and may order the correction or removal of any nonconforming or improper markings on such information.".
"(b) Conditions.--An action under subsection (a) may be brought only if, with respect to covered information required to be delivered under the covered legal instrument, the contractor with which the Federal Government entered into the covered legal instrument has not delivered, or refuses to deliver, the covered information within 30 days of receipt of a final decision issued by a contracting officer under section 7103 of title 41 that requires the delivery of such information to the Federal Government.
"(c) Effect of Appeal.--The pendency of any appeal, claim, or action by the contractor challenging or seeking review of the contracting officer's final decision under section 7103 of title 41, shall not preclude, stay, enjoin, or otherwise affect an action brought by the Federal Government under this section.
"(d) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) The term `covered information' means information that is required by a covered legal instrument to be delivered or otherwise provided to the Federal Government, and includes, incorporates, or embodies intellectual property, technical data, computer software, or computer software documentation.
"(2) The term `covered legal instrument' means a contract, agreement, or other legal instrument.
"(3) The terms `deliver', `delivery', and `delivering' include furnishing, providing, or making available in any manner whatsoever.".
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SA 6626. Ms. CANTWELL submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (4,767 characters)
At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SEC. ___. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR MARITIME
ADMINISTRATION.
(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Transportation for fiscal year 2027, for programs associated with maintaining the United States Merchant Marine, the following amounts:
(1) For expenses necessary to support the United States Merchant Marine Academy, $701,500,000, of which--
(A) $101,500,000 shall be for Academy operations;
(B) $50,000,000 shall be for facilities maintenance and repair and equipment; and
(C) $550,000,000 shall be for the development of a design-build plan for the phased rehabilitation, modernization, and construction of facilities and infrastructure at the United States Merchant Marine Academy in accordance with the Campus Modernization Plan required by section 51329 of title 46, United States Code.
(2) For expenses necessary to support the State maritime academies, $58,800,000, of which--
(A) $4,800,000 shall be for the Student Incentive Payment Program;
(B) $13,000,000 shall be for direct payments for State maritime academies;
(C) $12,000,000 shall be for training ship fuel assistance;
(D) $4,000,000 shall be for offsetting the costs of training ship sharing; and
(E) $25,000,000 shall be for maintenance and repair of State maritime academy training vessels.
(3) For expenses necessary to support the National Security Multi-Mission Vessel program, including funds for construction and necessary expenses to construct shoreside infrastructure to support such vessels, $110,000,000.
(4) For expenses necessary to support Maritime Administration operations and programs, $105,500,000, of which--
(A) $15,000,000 shall be for the maritime environmental and technical assistance program under section 50307 of title 46, United States Code;
(B) $15,000,000 shall be for the United States marine highway program, including to make grants authorized under section 55601 of title 46, United States Code;
(C) $2,000,000 shall be for the Office of Environment and Compliance, including to assist in the environmental review of grant and permit programs administered by the Maritime Administration; and
(D) $73,500,000 shall be for headquarters operations expenses.
(5) For expenses necessary for the disposal of obsolete vessels in the National Defense Reserve Fleet of the Maritime Administration, $6,000,000.
(6) For expenses necessary to maintain and preserve a United States flag merchant marine to serve the national security needs of the United States under chapter 531 of title 46, United States Code, $390,000,000.
(7) For expenses necessary to maintain and preserve a United States flag merchant marine to serve the national security needs of the United States under chapter 534 of title 46, United States Code, $122,400,000.
(8) For expenses necessary for the loan guarantee program authorized under chapter 537 of title 46, United States Code, $33,700,000, of which--
(A) $30,000,000 may be used for the cost (as such term is defined in section 502(5) of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a(5)) of loan guarantees under the program; and
(B) $3,700,000 may be used for administrative expenses relating to loan guarantee commitments under the program.
(9) For expenses necessary to provide assistance to small shipyards and for maritime training programs authorized under section 54101 of title 46, United States Code, $355,000,000.
(10) For expenses necessary to implement the port infrastructure development program, as authorized under section 54301 of title 46, United States Code, subject to the limitation under subsection (b), $550,000,000, to remain available until expended.
(11) For expenses necessary to establish and maintain a workforce development and innovation program, $100,000,000.
(b) Limitation.--
(1) In general.--No funds may be obligated or expended for the port infrastructure development program pursuant to subsection (a)(9) to make a grant to be used for the purchase of fully automated cargo handling equipment that is remotely operated or remotely monitored with or without the exercise of human intervention or control, if the Secretary of Transportation determines such equipment would result in a net loss of jobs within a port or port terminal.
(2) Report.--If the Secretary makes a determination pursuant to paragraph (1), not later than 3 days after the date on which such determination is made, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that includes the data and analysis used by the Secretary in making such determination.
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SA 6627. Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Mrs. Shaheen) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (8,284 characters)
At the end of title XII, add the following:
Subtitle F--Scam Compound Accountability and Mobilization
SEC. 1271. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Scam Compound Accountability and Mobilization Act".
SEC. 1272. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Transnational cyber-enabled fraud, particularly such fraud that is perpetrated from scam compounds in Southeast Asia, is a growing threat to citizens of the United States, national security, and global economic interests.
(2) The Federal Bureau of Investigation reported $17,697,074,980 in losses in the United States due to cyber-enabled fraud during 2025, including schemes commonly perpetrated by transnational criminal organizations that are operating scam compounds.
(3) Annual global losses due to cyber-enabled fraud are estimated at between $40,000,000,000 and $65,000,000,000, but the actual amount is likely higher since many instances are not reported.
(4) Transnational criminal organizations responsible for a large proportion of these scam compounds--
(A) are affiliated with the People's Republic of China;
(B) are actively spreading propaganda on behalf of the People's Republic of China;
(C) are promoting unification with Taiwan; and
(D) have brokered projects for the Belt and Road Initiative.
(5) Transnational criminal organizations have lured hundreds of thousands of human trafficking victims from an estimated 80 countries to scam compounds, which are located primarily in Burma, Cambodia, and Laos, for purposes of forced criminality.
(6) Transnational criminal organizations are expanding scam compounds internationally, including in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and the Pacific Islands.
(7) Money laundering, human trafficking, and fraudulent recruitment related to such scam compounds have occurred in Southeast Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.
SEC. 1273. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the United States should redouble efforts to hold the perpetrators and enablers of scam compound operations accountable, including those involved in related money laundering, human trafficking, and fraudulent recruitment, by employing effective tools, such as targeted financial sanctions, visa restrictions, asset seizures, prosecutions, and forfeiture;
(2) to enhance effective international cooperation and responses against cyber-enabled fraud originating from scam compounds internationally, the United States Government should work with partner governments, multilateral institutions, civil society experts, and private sector stakeholders to improve information sharing, strengthen preventative measures, raise public awareness, and increase coordination on law enforcement investigations and regulatory actions; and
(3) victims and survivors of human trafficking, including for the purpose of forced criminality, require victim-centered and trauma-informed protection and support to ensure they are not inappropriately prosecuted, penalized, or otherwise punished solely for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being trafficked, consistent with section 102(b)(19) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101(b)(19)).
SEC. 1274. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It shall be the policy of the United States--
(1) to comprehensively combat the transnational criminal organizations operating scam compounds and exploiting workers, including through human trafficking, such as forced criminality, to perpetrate large-scale online scams against the people of the United States; and
(2) to bolster international law enforcement cooperation with nations in Southeast Asia and in other regions where scam compounds and associated financial and operational infrastructures are located to combat transnational crime, including scam compounds, human trafficking, narcotics trafficking, and money laundering.
SEC. 1275. DEFINITIONS.
(a) In General.--In this subtitle:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate;
(D) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
(E) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(F) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(G) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;
(H) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and
(I) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and
(J) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) Cyber-enabled fraud.--The term "cyber-enabled fraud" means the use of the internet or other technology to commit fraudulent activity, including illicitly obtaining money, property, data, identification documents, or authentication features, or creating counterfeit goods or services.
(3) Enabling country.--The term "enabling country" means a country where--
(A) government authorities actively or implicitly permit, enable, or perpetuate scam compound operations; or
(B) ineffective law enforcement or a failure to enact legislation intended to prevent facilitating services from reaching scam compounds or transnational criminal organizations enables scam compound operators to obtain facilitating services.
(4) Forced criminality.--The term "forced criminality" means a form of forced labor for the purpose of causing the victim to engage in criminal activity, which may include cyber-enabled fraud.
(5) Forced labor.--The term "forced labor" has the meaning given the term severe forms of trafficking in persons in section 103(11)(B) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(11)(B)).
(6) Relevant foreign assistance programs.--The term "relevant foreign assistance programs"--
(A) means foreign assistance programs funded by the United States Government to provide assistance for one or more foreign countries for the purpose of combating scam compound operations and related transnational criminal organizations as well as combating associated human trafficking; and
(B) excludes intelligence activities, including activities authorized by the President and reported to Congress in accordance with section 503 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3093).
(7) Human trafficking.--The term "human trafficking" has the meaning given the term severe forms of trafficking in persons in section 103(11) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(11)).
(8) Human trafficking victim.--The terms "human trafficking victim" and "victim of human trafficking" mean a person subject to an act or practice described in section 103(11) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(11)).
(9) Impacted country.--The term "impacted country" means a country that is a significant--
(A) transit location through which victims of human trafficking pass en route to scam compounds;
(B) source location for victims of human trafficking for scam compounds; or
(C) target of cyber-enabled fraud originating from scam compounds.
(10) Scam compound.--The term "scam compound" means a physical installation where a transnational criminal organization carries out cyber-enabled fraud operations, using victims who may be exploited through human trafficking, including forced criminality.
(11) Strategy.--The term "Strategy" means the strategy to counter scam compounds and hold transnational criminal organizations and human traffickers accountable described in section 1276.
(12) Transnational criminal organization.--The term "transnational criminal organization" means a group of persons that--
(A) includes one or more foreign person;
(B) engages in or facilitates an ongoing pattern of serious criminal activity involving the jurisdictions of at least two foreign states or one foreign state and the United States; and
(C) threatens the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States.
(b) Rule of Construction.--The definitions under this section are exclusive to this subtitle and may not be construed to affect any other provision of United States law.
SEC. 1276.
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STRATEGY TO COUNTER SCAM COMPOUNDS AND HOLD
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS AND HUMAN
TRAFFICKERS ACCOUNTABLE.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of other Federal departments and agencies as appropriate, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive strategy, with a classified annex if necessary, that--
(1) is designed--
(A) to shut down scam compounds and prevent their further proliferation;
(B) to disrupt and dismantle--
(i) transnational criminal organizations and human traffickers involved in exploiting workers in, and fraudulently recruiting workers to, scam compounds; and
(ii) the financial, operational, and technological infrastructure that enables such criminal enterprises to execute their scams and crimes; and
(C) to hold accountable corrupt officials and non-state actors enabling scam compounds;
(2) is global in scope and fosters cooperation among officials from affected regions; and
(3) may prioritize efforts focused on countries where scam compound operations are most prevalent, including Southeast Asia.
(b) Objectives.--The Strategy shall seek to accomplish the following objectives:
(1) Reducing the ability of transnational criminal organizations to operate scam compounds in Southeast Asia and elsewhere.
(2) Building the capacity of efforts related to digital forensics, anti-money laundering and investigative tools, anti-corruption, and border patrol, of trusted foreign law enforcement partners to degrade, disrupt, and shut down scam compounds and prevent their proliferation.
(3) Supporting victims of human trafficking, including those exploited in forced criminality under the direction of the Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons.
(4) Preventing fraudulent recruitment and human trafficking in scam compounds, including by--
(A) engaging private sector entities operating internet platforms or other services that could be abused or exploited to perpetrate fraudulent recruitment, human trafficking or cyber-enabled fraud;
(B) raising awareness among at-risk populations to identify common fraudulent recruitment strategies and improve due diligence and self-protection measures;
(C) urging governments to monitor and enforce laws against fraudulent and unlawful recruitment practices; and
(D) sharing information and building capacity among foreign counterparts, including law enforcement, border and port officials, and other anti-trafficking authorities, as well as civil society organizations to identify and protect potential human trafficking victims.
(5) Advocating for the thorough review of countries implicated in scam compound operations at the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) or FATF-style regional bodies.
(6) Examining existing authorities and procedures of the United States Government for recovering and returning proceeds of crime to defrauded United States persons.
(7) Using sanctions, visa restrictions, and other accountability and behavioral change measures, in coordination with allies and partners to the greatest extent possible, against enabling countries, transnational criminal organizations, human traffickers, and related third-party facilitators of scam compound operations.
(8) Investigating and highlighting the People's Republic of China's involvement in the origin and perpetuation of scam compounds, including through links between Chinese Communist Party officials and criminal organizations, deepening regional security influence, and selective crackdowns that incentivize the targeting of Americans.
(9) Investigating the Burmese military's involvement in allowing, ignoring, and profiting from scam compounds in Burma, and the importance of resolving the instability and violence in Burma to stop the unfettered operation of scam compounds in Burma.
(10) Harnessing offensive cyber capabilities to degrade scam compound operations.
(11) Integrating data collection, analysis, and response mechanisms across Federal, Tribal, territorial, State, and local agencies, including by assessing if any existing relevant Fusion Centers could be leveraged to combat the operations of scam compounds.
(12) Convening like-minded foreign allies and partners to combat scam compounds, including by establishing similar task forces or working groups, compiling and sharing data, and collaborating regarding the investigation and prosecution of key actors and enablers.
(c) Contents.--The Strategy shall--
(1) include a comprehensive problem statement identifying the structural vulnerabilities exploited by transnational criminal organizations operating scam compounds;
(2) develop a comprehensive list of enabling countries and impacted countries;
(3) identify private sector entities whose commercial services are utilized by transnational criminal organizations operating scam compounds and provide recommendations to address such use;
(4) identify all active executive branch relevant foreign assistance programs as well as diplomatic efforts underway to address scam compounds, transnational criminal organizations connected to scam compounds, and related money laundering, and human trafficking, including forced criminality, including efforts with enabling countries and impacted countries;
(5) identify resources needed to implement the Strategy and any obstacles to the response of the Federal Government to scam compounds, including coordination with partner governments, to address the human trafficking, including forced criminality, and money laundering that facilitates and sustains scam compound operations; and
(6) include indicators that measure the success of the Strategy, including achieving the objectives described in subsection (b), which may include the number of persons sanctioned, the number of arrest warrants or indictments issued, the number of arrests made, the amount of United States losses mitigated, the number of victims of trafficking in persons identified and protected, and the reduction in the number of active scam compounds, in comparison to the previous year.
(d) Limitation.--Nothing in the Strategy may--
(1) affect, apply to, or create obligations related to past, present, or future criminal or civil law enforcement or intelligence activities of the United States or the law enforcement activities of any State or subdivision of a State; or
(2) change existing authorities related to the sharing of personally identifiable information or the collection or sharing of information about individuals solely for constitutionally protected activities.
SEC. 1277. ESTABLISHING A TASK FORCE TO IMPLEMENT THE
STRATEGY.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after submitting the Strategy pursuant to section 1276(a), the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, shall establish or designate an interagency task force (referred to in this section as the "Task Force")--
(1) to coordinate the implementation of the Strategy;
(2) to conduct regular monitoring and analysis of scam compound operations internationally; and
(3) to track and evaluate progress toward the objectives, activities, and performance indicators of the Strategy.
(b) Information Sharing.--To ensure proper coordination and effective interagency action, each Federal department or agency represented on the Task Force shall fully share--
(1) all relevant data with the Task Force, consistent with existing Federal law; and
(2) all information regarding the department's or agency's plans, before and after final agency decisions are made, on all matters relating to actions regarding combating scam compounds to the extent that sharing of information does not violate protocols or regulations regarding sharing of law enforcement sensitive or classified information.
(c) Consultation.--The Task Force, or representatives of the Task Force, should--
(1) consult with Tribal, State, territorial, and local law enforcement entities and stakeholder organizations in the United States that have firsthand expertise in reporting and combating cyber-enabled fraud and recovering proceeds of crimes;
(2) consult regularly with nongovernmental organizations in the United States with expertise in countering trafficking in persons or anti-corruption, as appropriate;
(3) develop partnerships with relevant private sector actors for the purpose of better disrupting the enabling infrastructure of scam compounds, operations, and syndicates; and
(4) engage civil society organizations to better understand the complexity of the scam compound problem in each country and the broader economic, political, and governance challenges that are exacerbating the problem.
(d) Congressional Consultation.--The Task Force shall consult regularly with the appropriate congressional committees on its
efforts to implement the Strategy, including potential updates to the Strategy.
(e) Annual Reviews and Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the establishment of the Task Force, and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Task Force shall--
(1) conduct a status review of the Strategy and the overall state of scam compounds operated by transnational criminal organizations that includes--
(A) a list of enabling countries and impacted countries;
(B) an estimate of the amount of proceeds of crimes against United States nationals through scams emanating from scam compounds;
(C) an estimate of the amount of proceeds described in subparagraph (B) that was intercepted, seized, or returned as a result of United States Government action;
(D) an analysis of the role that human trafficking plays in scam compounds around the world;
(E) a list of known scam compounds operating across Southeast Asia; and
(F) a description of if, where, and how scam compounds and operations have proliferated outside of Southeast Asia across other regions of the world; and
(2) submit the results of such review in a public report to the appropriate congressional committees, which may contain a classified annex.
(f) Task Force Termination.--The Task Force shall terminate on the date that is 6 years after the date on which the Task Force is established.
SEC. 1278. STRENGTHENING TOOLS TO DISMANTLE SCAM COMPOUNDS
AND HOLD TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
ACCOUNTABLE.
(a) Imposition of Sanctions With Respect to Actors in Scam Compound Operations.--Beginning on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President may impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any foreign person the President determines--
(1) has knowingly provided significant financial or technological support to, or knowingly provided significant goods or services in support of, the activities of international scam compounds or enabling services, including, but not limited to, fraudulent recruitment, human trafficking (including forced criminality), cyber-enabled fraud, or money-laundering; or
(2) owned, controlled, directed, or acted for, or on behalf of, a significant scam compound operation or enabling service, including, but not limited to, fraudulent recruitment, human trafficking (including forced criminality), cyber-enabled fraud, or money-laundering.
(b) Sanctions Described.--
(1) Asset blocking.--The President may exercise all powers granted to the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.
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1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a foreign person described in subsection (a), including, to the extent appropriate, the vessel of which the person is the beneficial owner, if such property or interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(2) Visas, admission, or parole.--
(A) In general.--An alien described in subsection (a) is--
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible for a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B) Current visas revoked.--
(i) In general.--An alien described in subsection (a) is subject to revocation of any visa or other entry documentation regardless of when the visa or other entry documentation was issued.
(ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under clause (i) shall take effect immediately and automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien's possession.
(c) Exceptions.--
(1) Exception to comply with international obligations and law enforcement activities.--Sanctions described in subsection (b)(2) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an alien if admitting or paroling such alien into the United States is necessary--
(A) to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations; or
(B) to carry out or assist with authorized law enforcement activities in the United States.
(2) Exception to comply with intelligence activities.--Sanctions authorized under this section shall not apply with respect to any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.
(3) Exception for human trafficking victims.--Sanctions described in subsection (b) shall not apply with respect to a person determined by the President to be a victim of trafficking in persons within a scam compound, consistent with section 102(b)(19) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101(b)(19)).
(4) Exception for unwitting participation.--Sanctions described in subsection (b) shall not apply with respect to a foreign person if the President determines--
(A) the foreign person's involvement in a scam compound or a scam compound operation was without knowledge of its criminal nature; or
(B) the foreign person did not knowingly or willingly participate in, or provide significant support for, such operation.
(d) Implementation; Penalties.--
(1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section.
(2) Penalties.--The penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to any person who violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any prohibition of this section, or an order or regulation prescribed under this section, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 206(a) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1705(a)).
(e) Semiannual Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter for 7 years, the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that identifies--
(1) all foreign persons the President has sanctioned pursuant to this section; and
(2) the dates on which such sanctions were imposed.
(f) Form.--The report required under subsection (e) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(g) Exception Relating to Importation of Goods.--
(1) In general.--The authorities and requirements to impose sanctions under this section shall not include the authority or requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
(2) Defined term.--In this subsection, the term "good" means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.
(h) Waiver.--
(1) In general.--The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign person or a foreign financial institution if the President determines that such waiver is in the national interest of the United States.
(2) Report.--Not later than 15 days before granting a waiver pursuant to paragraph (1), the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
(A) the name of the individual or institution that is benefitting from such waiver; and
(B) if the beneficiary is an individual, a detailed justification explaining how the waiver serves the national security interests of the United States.
(3) Form.--The report required under paragraph (2) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex .
SEC. 1279. REDRESS TO VICTIMS OF INTERNATIONAL SCAM COMPOUND
OPERATIONS.
(a) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report containing an assessment of existing forfeiture law that--
(1) outlines challenges or limitations to providing financial redress to victims of international scam compound operations; and
(2) offers recommendations, if any, to amend existing forfeiture law to better enable the Department of Justice to recover assets that may be used to compensate United States victims of scam operations.
(b) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form.
SEC. 1280. SATELLITE IMAGERY ACCESS TO MONITOR HUMAN RIGHTS
ABUSES RELATED TO SCAM COMPOUNDS TO DISCOVER
THE PRESENCE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING.
(a) Access to Satellite Imagery.--The Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, in coordination with, or at the request of, the Secretary of State, may provide nongovernmental organizations, nonprofit organizations, and intergovernmental entities access to current and archival high-resolution satellite imagery, subject to appropriate classification and information security requirements, to help advance efforts to combat scam compounds, forced criminality, and human trafficking, including monitoring and documenting observable activities at scam compounds in Southeast Asia, which may be associated with human trafficking, including forced labor or forced criminality.
(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
(1) any terms and conditions applicable with respect to the access authorized under subsection (a); and
(2) a list of each organization or entity that has been provided access pursuant to subsection (a).
(c) Form.--The report required under subsection (b) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 1280A. SUNSET.
This subtitle shall cease to be effective beginning on the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
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SA 6628. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. RELEASE OF REVERSIONARY INTEREST, BLACK RIVER
STATE FOREST, WISCONSIN.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Deli, inc.--The term "Deli, Inc." means Deli, Inc., a sphagnum moss production business located in Millston, Wisconsin.
(2) Deli land.--The term "Deli land" means the approximately 37.27 acres of land owned or optioned to acquire, subject to the approval of the land exchange by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Wisconsin Natural Resources Board, and the Governor of the State, in 2 separate parcels, by Deli, Inc., located in Millston, Wisconsin, as depicted on the map and more particularly described as follows:
(A) The approximately 31.3-acre parcel (including land within the road right-of-way), together with any improvements--
(i) comprising the NE\1/4\NE\1/4\ of sec. 29, T. 20 N., R. 2 W., Town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin;
(ii) excluding--
(I) land lying north of the railroad right-of-way; and
(II) a parcel 150 feet wide, with 50 feet lying to the northeast, and 100 feet to the southwest, of a line commencing at a point 5 feet east of the northwest corner of the quarter-quarter section described in clause (i), thence south 56 E. 39' a distance of 222 feet, thence south 57 E. 31' a distance of 1359 feet; and
(iii) subject to--
(I) any public water use or easements on Lee Lake; and
(II) any easements or restrictions of record, public roadways, zoning and use ordinances, and the railroad right-of-way.
(B) The approximately 5.97-acre parcel located in the SW\1/ 4\SW\1/4\ of sec. 20, T. 20 N., R. 4 W., Town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, comprising lot 7 of Certified Survey Map No. 4483, as recorded in volume 19S of the certified survey maps, page 334, as Document No. 413440 in the Jackson County Register of Deeds.
(3) Map.--The term "map" means the map entitled "Black River State Forest - Deli, Inc." and dated June 26, 2023.
(4) State.--The term "State" means the State of Wisconsin.
(5) State forest land.--The term "State forest land" means the approximately 31.83 acres of land located in the Black River State Forest in Millston, Wisconsin, as depicted on the map and more particularly described as follows:
(A) The 23.13-acre parcel--
(i) comprising the portion of the E\1/2\SE\1/4\ of sec. 20, T. 20 N., R. 2. W., Town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, lying south of the Interstate 94 southern right-of-way; and
(ii) excluding a triangular parcel in the southwest corner described as commencing at the southwest corner, thence east 260 feet, thence northwesterly to a point on the west boundary thereof 200 feet north of the southwest corner, thence south to the place of beginning.
(B) The 8.70-acre parcel comprising the portion of the NE\1/4\NE\1/4\ of sec. 29, T. 20 N., R. 2. W., Town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, lying north of the railroad right-of-way, forming a triangular piece, and more particularly described as commencing at the northeast corner of that quarter-quarter section, thence west 1010 feet to the north line of the railroad right-of-way, thence southeasterly along the boundary of the railroad to the east line of that quarter-quarter section, thence north on the east line 750 feet to the place of beginning.
(b) Conditional Release.--
(1) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(A) the State forest land is subject to a reversionary interest of the United States pursuant to section 32(c) of The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (7 U.S.C. 1011(c)), requiring that the State forest land be used for public purposes in perpetuity; and
(B) the State and Deli, Inc. have agreed that--
(i) the State will convey to Deli, Inc. the State forest land in exchange for the Deli land; and
(ii) after that exchange, the Deli land will be added to Black River State Forest in the State.
(2) Release.--If the State offers, in a written agreement, to convey to Deli, Inc., the State forest land in exchange for the conveyance of the Deli land by Deli, Inc. to the State--
(A) the reversionary interest of the United States in the State forest land shall be released; and
(B) the Secretary of Agriculture shall provide, as expeditiously as practicable, recordable evidence of the release under subparagraph (A) in the form of a quitclaim deed, which shall--
(i) convey any interest of the United States in and to the State forest land, without consideration; and
(ii) be provided to the State for recording before the exchange deeds are recorded.
(3) Corrections.--The Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the State, may make any necessary corrections to the legal description of the State forest land for purposes of the quitclaim deed described in paragraph (2)(B).
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SA 6629. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1___. CONVEYANCE OF CERTAIN NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM LAND
IN THE CHEQUAMEGON-NICOLET NATIONAL FOREST TO
TONY'S WABENO REDI-MIX, LLC.
(a) Conveyance Required.--If, during the 180-day period beginning on the date of Federal approval of the appraisal under subsection (d), Tony's Wabeno Redi-Mix, LLC submits to the Secretary an offer to acquire the property described in subsection (b) for market value, as determined by such appraisal, the Secretary shall, not later than 180 days after receiving such offer, convey to Tony's Wabeno Redi-Mix, LLC all right, title, and interest of the United States, including mineral rights, in and to the property described in subsection (b).
(b) Description of Property.--
(1) In general.--The property referred to in subsection (a) is the parcel of real property, including all land and improvements, generally depicted as "Federal Parcel to be Conveyed" on the Map, consisting of approximately 14 acres of National Forest System land located in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest in Wisconsin.
(2) Map.--
(A) Minor errors.--The Secretary may correct minor errors in the Map.
(B) Availability.--A copy of the Map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate office of the Forest Service.
(3) Survey.--The exact acreage and legal description of the National Forest System land to be conveyed under subsection (a) shall be determined by a survey satisfactory to the Secretary.
(c) Terms and Conditions of the Conveyance.--
(1) Requirements.--The conveyance under subsection (a) shall be--
(A) subject to valid existing rights;
(B) made by quitclaim deed; and
(C) subject to such other terms and conditions as the Secretary considers to be appropriate to protect the interests of the United States.
(2) Costs.--As a condition of the conveyance under subsection (a), Tony's Wabeno Redi-Mix, LLC shall pay to the Secretary--
(A) an amount equal to the market value of the land to be conveyed under subsection (a), as determined by the appraisal under subsection (d); and
(B) all costs associated with the conveyance, including the cost of--
(i) a survey, if necessary, under subsection (b)(3);
(ii) conducting the appraisal under subsection (d); and
(iii) any environmental analysis or resource survey required under Federal law.
(d) Appraisal.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 300 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall complete an appraisal to determine the market value of the land to be conveyed under subsection (a).
(2) Standards.--The appraisal under paragraph (1) shall be conducted in accordance with--
(A) the Uniform Appraisal Standards for Federal Land Acquisitions; and
(B) the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice.
(e) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Map.--The term "Map" means the map entitled "Conveyance of Federal Parcel Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest" and dated September 27, 2023.
(2) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.
SEC. 1___. COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF FEDERAL PERMITTING
PROCESSES FOR STONE, SAND, AND GRAVEL
DEVELOPMENT ON FEDERAL LANDS.
(a) Review.--The Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, industry stakeholders, and State permitting authorities, shall conduct a comprehensive review of the
Federal permitting processes for the development of stone, sand, and gravel on Federal lands.
(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the entities referred to in subsection (a), shall submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, and make publicly available on the website of the Department of the Interior a report that includes--
(1) a detailed description of the current Federal permitting process for stone, sand, and gravel development, including average timelines from initial application to final approval;
(2) an analysis identifying potential inefficiencies and duplicative steps in such permitting process and the impact of such inefficiencies and duplicative steps on project timelines;
(3) the Secretary's recommendations for legislative or administrative actions to streamline such permitting process; and
(4) a summary of the economic impacts associated with current permitting timelines under such permitting process, specifically focusing on the stone, sand, and gravel sectors.
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SA 6630. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (4,386 characters)
At the appropriate place in subtitle G of title X, insert the following:
SEC. __. THE CURD ACT.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds as follows:
(1) There is a need to define the term "natural cheese" in order to maintain transparency and consistency for consumers so that they may differentiate "natural cheese" from "process cheese".
(2) The term "natural cheese" has been used within the cheese making industry for more than 50 years and is well-established.
(b) Definition of Natural Cheese.--
(1) Definition.--Section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(tt)(1) The term `natural cheese' means cheese that is a ripened or unripened soft, semi-soft, or hard product, which may be coated, that is produced--
"(A) by--
"(i) coagulating wholly or partly the protein of milk, skimmed milk, partly skimmed milk, cream, whey cream, or buttermilk, or any combination of such ingredients, through the action of rennet or other suitable coagulating agents, and by partially draining the whey resulting from the coagulation, while respecting the principle that cheese-making results in a concentration of milk protein (in particular, the casein portion), and that consequently, the protein content of the cheese will be distinctly higher than the protein level of the blend of the above milk materials from which the cheese was made; or
"(ii) processing techniques involving coagulation of the protein of milk or products obtained from milk to produce an end-product with similar physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics as the product described in subclause (i); and
"(iii) including the addition of safe and suitable non-milk derived ingredients of the type permitted in the standards of identity described in clause (B) as natural cheese; or
"(B) in accordance with standards of identity under part 133 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations), other than the standards described in subparagraph (2) or any future standards adopted by the Secretary in accordance with subparagraph (2)(I).
"(2) Such term does not include--
"(A) pasteurized process cheeses as defined in section 133.169, 133.170, or 133.171 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations);
"(B) pasteurized process cheese foods as defined in section 133.173 or 133.174 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations);
"(C) pasteurized cheese spreads as defined in section 133.175, 133.176, or 133.178 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations);
"(D) pasteurized process cheese spreads as defined in section 133.179 or 133.180 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations);
"(E) pasteurized blended cheeses as defined in section 133.167 or 133.168 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations);
"(F) any products comparable to any product described in any of clauses (A) through (E);
"(G) cold pack cheeses as defined in section 133.123, 133.124, or 133.125 title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations);
"(H) grated American cheese food as defined in section 133.147 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations); or
"(I) any other product the Secretary may designate as a process cheese.
"(3) For purposes of this paragraph, the term `milk' has the meaning given such term in section 133.3 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations) and includes the lacteal secretions from animals other than cows.".
(2) Labeling.--Section 403 of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(z) If its label or labeling includes the term `natural cheese' as a factual descriptor of a category of cheese unless the food meets the definition of natural cheese under section 201(tt), except that nothing in this paragraph shall prohibit the use of the term `natural' or `all-natural', or a similar claim or statement with respect to a food in a manner that is consistent with regulations, guidance, or policy statements issued by the Secretary.".
(3) National uniformity.--Section 403A(a)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343-1(a)(2)) is amended by striking "or 403(x)" and inserting "403(x), or 403(z)".
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SA 6631. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (11,999 characters)
At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. COUNTERING EMERGING AERIAL THREATS TO DIPLOMATIC
SECURITY.
Title I of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2561a et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 66. PROTECTION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES AND ASSETS FROM
UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.
"(a) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) The term `appropriate committees of Congress' means--
"(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
"(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
"(2) The term `budget', with respect to a fiscal year, means the budget for that fiscal year that is submitted to Congress by the President under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.
"(3) The term `covered facility or asset' means any facility or asset that--
"(A) is identified as high-risk and a potential target for unlawful unmanned aircraft activity by the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Transportation with respect to potentially impacted airspace, through a risk-based assessment;
"(B) is located in the United States; and
"(C) directly relates to the security or protection operations of the Department of State, including operations pursuant to--
"(i) section 37; or
"(ii) the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986 (22 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.).
"(4) The terms `electronic communication', `intercept', `oral communication', and `wire communication' have the meanings given those terms in section 2510 of title 18, United States Code.
"(5)(A) The term `personnel' means--
"(i) an officer, employee, or contractor of the Department of State, who is authorized to perform duties that include safety, security, or protection of people, facilities, or assets; or
"(ii) an employee who is trained and certified to perform those duties, including training specific to countering unmanned aircraft threats and mitigating risks in the national airspace.
"(B) To qualify for use of the authorities described in subsection (b), a contractor conducting operations described in that subsection must--
"(i) be directly contracted by the Department of State;
"(ii) provide, in the contract, insurance coverage sufficient to compensate tort victims;
"(iii) operate at a government-owned or government-leased facility or asset;
"(iv) not conduct inherently governmental functions;
"(v) be trained to safeguard privacy and civil liberties; and
"(vi) be trained and certified, including use-of-force training and certification, by the Department of State to meet the established standards and regulations of the Department of State.
"(6) The term `risk-based assessment' means an evaluation of threat information specific to a covered facility or asset and, with respect to potential impacts on the safety and efficiency of the national airspace system and the needs of law enforcement and national security at each covered facility or
asset identified by the Secretary of State, of each of the following factors:
"(A) Potential impacts to safety, efficiency, and use of the national airspace system, including potential effects on manned aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems or unmanned aircraft, aviation safety, airport operations, infrastructure, and air navigation services relating to the use of any system or technology for carrying out the actions described in subsection (c).
"(B) Options for mitigating any identified impacts to the national airspace system relating to the use of any system or technology, including minimizing, when possible, the use of any technology that disrupts the transmission of radio or electronic signals, for carrying out the actions described in subsection (c).
"(C) Potential consequences of the impacts of any actions taken under subsection (c) to the national airspace system and infrastructure if not mitigated.
"(D) The ability to provide reasonable advance notice to aircraft operators consistent with the safety of the national airspace system and the needs of law enforcement and national security.
"(E) The setting and character of any covered facility or asset, including--
"(i) whether the covered facility or asset is located in a populated area or near other structures;
"(ii) whether the covered facility or asset is open to the public;
"(iii) whether the covered facility or asset is used for nongovernmental functions; and
"(iv) any potential for interference with wireless communications or for injury or damage to persons or property.
"(F) Potential consequences to national security, public safety, or law enforcement if threats posed by unmanned aircraft systems or unmanned aircraft are not mitigated or defeated.
"(7) The terms `unmanned aircraft' and `unmanned aircraft system' have the meanings given those terms in section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.
"(b) Authority of the Department of State.--Notwithstanding section 46502 of title 49, United States Code, or sections 32, 1030, 1367, and chapters 119 and 206 of title 18, United States Code, the Secretary of State may take, and may authorize personnel with assigned duties that include the safety, security, or protection of people, facilities, or assets to take, actions described in subsection (c) that are necessary to detect, identify, monitor, track, and mitigate a credible threat (as defined by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation through the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration) that an unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft poses to the safety or security of a covered facility or asset.
"(c) Actions Described.--
"(1) In general.--The actions authorized by subsection (b) are the following:
"(A) During the operation of the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft, detect, identify, monitor, and track the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft, without prior consent, including by means of intercept or other access of a wire communication, an oral communication, or an electronic communication used to control the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
"(B) Warn the operator of the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft, including by passive or active, and direct or indirect, physical, electronic, radio, and electromagnetic means.
"(C) Disrupt control of the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft, without prior consent of the operator of the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft, including by disabling the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft by intercepting, interfering, or causing interference with wire, oral, electronic, or radio communications used to control the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
"(D) Seize or exercise control of the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
"(E) Seize or otherwise confiscate the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
"(F) Use reasonable force, if necessary, to disable, damage, or destroy the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
"(2) Temporary flight restrictions.--A temporary flight restriction shall be timely published prior to undertaking any actions described in paragraph (1).
"(d) Research, Testing, Training, and Evaluation.--
"(1) Requirement.--
"(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 46502 of title 49, United States Code, or any provision of title 18, United States Code, the Secretary of State shall conduct research, testing, training on, and evaluation of any equipment, including any electronic equipment, to determine the capability and utility of the equipment prior to the use of the equipment in carrying out any action described in subsection (c).
"(B) Coordination.--Personnel and contractors who do not have duties that include the safety, security, or protection of people, facilities, or assets may engage in research, testing, training, and evaluation activities pursuant to subparagraph (A).
"(2) Coordination for research, testing, training, and evaluation.--The Secretary of State shall coordinate procedures governing research, testing, training, and evaluation to carry out any provision under this subsection with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration before initiating such activity in order that the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may ensure the activity does not adversely impact or interfere with safe airport operations, navigation, air traffic services, or the safe and efficient operation of the national airspace system.
"(e) Forfeiture.--Any unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft that is seized by the Secretary of State pursuant to subsection (b) is subject to forfeiture to the United States pursuant to the provisions of chapter 46 of title 18, United States Code.
"(f) Regulations and Guidance.--The Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Transportation--
"(1) may prescribe regulations to carry out this section; and
"(2) in developing regulations described in paragraph (1), consult the Chair of the Federal Communications Commission, the Administrator of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, and the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
"(g) Coordination.--
"(1) In general.--The Secretary of State shall coordinate with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration before carrying out any action authorized under this section in order that the Administrator may ensure the action does not adversely impact or interfere with--
"(A) safe airport operations;
"(B) navigation;
"(C) air traffic services; or
"(D) the safe and efficient operation of the national airspace system.
"(2) Guidance.--Before issuing any guidance, or otherwise implementing this section, the Secretary of State shall, coordinate with--
"(A) the Secretary of Transportation in order that the Secretary of Transportation may ensure the guidance or implementation does not adversely impact or interfere with any critical infrastructure relating to transportation; and
"(B) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration in order that the Administrator may ensure the guidance or implementation does not adversely impact or interfere with--
"(i) safe airport operations;
"(ii) navigation;
"(iii) air traffic services; or
"(iv) the safe and efficient operation of the national airspace system.
"(3) Coordination with the faa.--The Secretary of State shall coordinate the development of guidance under subsection (f) with the Secretary of Transportation (through the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration).
"(4) Coordination with the department of transportation and national telecommunications and information administration.--The Secretary of State shall coordinate the development of the actions described in subsection (c) with the Secretary of Transportation (through the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration) and the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information and Administrator of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
"(h) Privacy Protection.--
"(1) In general.--Any regulation or guidance issued to carry out an action under subsection (c) by the Secretary of State shall ensure for the Department of State, that--
"(A) the interception of, acquisition of, access to, maintenance of, or use of any communication to or from an unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft under this section is conducted in a manner consistent with the First and Fourth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States and any applicable provision of Federal law;
"(B) any communication to or from an unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft are
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intercepted or acquired only to the extent necessary to support an action described in subsection (c);
"(C) any record of a communication described in subparagraph (B) is maintained only for as long as necessary, and in no event for more than 180 days, unless the Secretary of State determines that maintenance of the record is--
"(i) required under Federal law;
"(ii) necessary for the purpose of litigation; and
"(iii) necessary to investigate or prosecute a violation of law, including by--
"(I) directly supporting an ongoing security operation; or
"(II) protecting against dangerous or unauthorized activity by unmanned aircraft systems or unmanned aircraft; and
"(D) a communication described in subparagraph (B) is not disclosed to any person not employed or contracted by the Department of State unless the disclosure--
"(i) is necessary to investigate or prosecute a violation of law;
"(ii) will support--
"(I) the Department of Defense;
"(II) a Federal law enforcement, intelligence, or security agency;
"(III) a State, local, Tribal, or territorial law enforcement agency; or
"(IV) another relevant entity or person if the entity or person is engaged in a security or protection operation;
"(iii) is necessary to support a department or agency listed in clause (ii) in investigating or prosecuting a violation of law;
"(iv) will support the enforcement activities of a Federal regulatory agency relating to a criminal or civil investigation of, or any regulatory, statutory, or other enforcement action relating to, an action described in subsection (c);
"(v) is between the Department of State and a Federal law enforcement agency in the course of a security or protection operation of either agency or a joint operation of such agencies; or
"(vi) is otherwise required by law.
"(i) Budget.--
"(1) In general.--The Secretary of State shall submit to Congress, as a part of the budget materials of the Department of State for each fiscal year after fiscal year 2023, a consolidated funding display that identifies the funding source for the actions described in subsection (c) within the Department of State.
"(2) Classification.--Each funding display submitted under paragraph (1) shall be in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.
"(j) Public Disclosures.--
"(1) In general.--Information shall be governed by the disclosure obligations set forth in section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the `Freedom of Information Act'), if the information relates to--
"(A) any capability, limitation, or sensitive detail of the operation of any technology used to carry out an action described in subsection (c); or
"(B) an operational procedure or protocol used to carry out this section.
"(2) Access.--Any request for public access to information described in paragraph (1) shall be submitted to the Department of State, which shall process the request as required under section 552(a)(3) of title 5, United States Code.
"(k) Assistance and Support.--
"(1) Facilities and services of other agencies and non-federal entities.--
"(A) In general.--The Secretary of State is authorized to use or accept from any other Federal agency, or any other public or private entity, any supply or service to facilitate or carry out any action described in subsection (c).
"(B) Reimbursement.--In accordance with subparagraph (A), the Secretary of State may accept any supply or service with or without reimbursement to the entity providing the supply or service and notwithstanding any provision of law that would prevent the use or acceptance of the supply or service.
"(C) Agreements.--To implement the requirements of subsection (a)(3)(C), the Secretary of State may enter into 1 or more agreements with the head of another executive agency or with an appropriate official of a non-Federal public or private agency or entity, as may be necessary and proper to carry out the responsibilities of the Secretary of State under this section.
"(l) Semiannual Briefings and Notifications.--
"(1) In general.--On a semiannual basis beginning 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary of State shall provide a briefing to the appropriate committees of Congress on the activities carried out pursuant to this section.
"(2) Requirement.--The Secretary of State shall conduct the briefing required under paragraph (1) jointly with the Secretary of Transportation.
"(3) Content.--Each briefing required under paragraph (1) shall include--
"(A) policies, programs, and procedures to mitigate or eliminate impacts of activities carried out pursuant to this section to the national airspace system and other critical infrastructure relating to national transportation;
"(B) a description of--
"(i) each instance in which any action described in subsection (c) has been taken, including any instances that may have resulted in harm, damage, or loss to a person or to private property;
"(ii) the guidance, policies, or procedures established by the Secretary of State to address privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties issues implicated by the actions permitted under this section, as well as any changes or subsequent efforts by the Secretary of State that would significantly affect privacy, civil rights, or civil liberties;
"(iii) options considered and steps taken by the Secretary of State to mitigate any identified impacts to the national airspace system relating to the use of any system or technology, including the minimization of the use of any technology that disrupts the transmission of radio or electronic signals, for carrying out the actions described in subsection (c); and
"(iv) each instance in which a communication intercepted or acquired during the course of operations of an unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft was--
"(I) held in the possession of the Department of State for more than 180 days; or
"(II) shared with any entity other than the Department of State;
"(C) an explanation of how the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Transportation have--
"(i) informed the public as to the possible use of authorities granted under this section; and
"(ii) engaged with Federal, State, local, Tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies to implement and use authorities granted under this section; and
"(D) a description of the impact of the authorities granted under this section on--
"(i) lawful operator access to national airspace; and
"(ii) unmanned aircraft systems and unmanned aircraft integration into the national airspace system.
"(4) Unclassified form.--Each briefing required under paragraph (1) shall be in unclassified form but may be accompanied by an additional classified briefing.
"(m) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to--
"(1) vest in the Secretary of State any authority of the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration;
"(2) vest in the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration any authority of the Secretary of State; or
"(3) provide a new basis of liability with respect to an officer of a State, local, Tribal, or territorial law enforcement agency who participates in a security or protection operation of the Department of State and in so doing--
"(A) is acting in the official capacity of the individual as an officer; and
"(B) does not exercise the authority granted to the Secretary of State by this section.
"(n) Termination.--The authority provided by subsection (b) shall terminate on the date that is 4 years after the date of the enactment of this section.
"(o) Scope of Authority.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to provide the Secretary of State with additional authorities beyond those described in subsection (b).".
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SA 6632. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (4,206 characters)
At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:
SEC. ___. GOOD ACT.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the "Guidance Out Of Darkness Act" or the "GOOD Act".
(b) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Agency.--The term "agency" has the meaning given the term in section 551 of title 5, United States Code.
(2) Director.--The term "Director" means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
(3) Guidance document.--
(A) Definition.--The term "guidance document"--
(i) means an agency statement of general applicability (other than a rule that has the force and effect of law promulgated in accordance with the notice and comment procedures under section 553 of title 5, United States Code) that--
(I) does not have the force and effect of law; and (II) is designated by an agency official as setting forth--
(aa) a policy on a statutory, regulatory, or technical issue; or
(bb) an interpretation of a statutory or regulatory issue; and
(ii) may include--
(I) a memorandum;
(II) a notice;
(III) a bulletin;
(IV) a directive;
(V) a news release;
(VI) a letter;
(VII) a blog post;
(VIII) a no-action letter;
(IX) a speech by an agency official; and
(X) any combination of the items described in subclauses (I) through (IX).
(B) Rule of construction.--The term "guidance document"--
(i) shall be construed broadly to effectuate the purpose and intent of this section; and
(ii) shall not be limited to the items described in subparagraph (A)(ii).
(c) Publication of Guidance Documents on the Internet.--
(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (4), on the date on which an agency issues a guidance document, the agency shall publish the guidance document in accordance with the requirements under paragraph (3).
(2) Previously issued guidance documents.--Subject to paragraph (4), not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, each agency shall publish, in accordance with the requirements under paragraph (3), any guidance document issued by that agency that is in effect on that date.
(3) Single location.--
(A) In general.--All guidance documents published under paragraphs (1) and (2) by an agency shall be published in a single location on an internet website designated by the Director under subparagraph (D).
(B) Agency internet websites.--Each agency shall, for guidance documents published by the agency under paragraphs (1) and (2), publish a hyperlink on the internet website of the agency that provides access to the guidance documents at the location described in subparagraph (A).
(C) Organization.--
(i) In general.--The guidance documents described in subparagraph (A) shall be--
(I) categorized as guidance documents; and (II) further divided into subcategories as appropriate.
(ii) Agency internet websites.--The hyperlinks described in subparagraph (B) shall be prominently displayed on the internet website of the agency.
(D) Designation.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall designate an internet website on which guidance documents shall be published under paragraphs (1) and (2).
(4) Documents and information exempt from disclosure under foia.--If a guidance document issued by an agency is a document that is exempt from disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the "Freedom of Information Act"), or contains information that is exempt from disclosure under that section, that document or information, as the case may be, shall not be subject to the requirements under this section.
(5) Rescinded guidance documents.--On the date on which a guidance document issued by an agency is rescinded, or, in the case of a guidance document that is rescinded pursuant to a court order, not later than the date on which the order is entered, the agency shall, at the location described in paragraph (3)(A)--
(A) maintain the rescinded guidance document; and
(B) indicate--
(i) that the guidance document is rescinded;
(ii) if the guidance document was rescinded pursuant to a court order, the case number of the case in which the order was entered; and
(iii) the date on which the guidance document was rescinded.
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SA 6633. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (653 characters)
At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1__. REISSUANCE OF RULE REMOVING THE GRAY WOLF FROM THE
LIST OF ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE.
(a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service shall reissue the final rule entitled "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removing the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) From the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife" (85 Fed. Reg. 69778 (November 3, 2020)).
(b) No Judicial Review.--Reissuance of the final rule described in subsection (a) shall not be subject to judicial review.
______
SA 6634. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (654 characters)
At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 10__. STUDY ON PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS.
The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall seek to enter into an agreement with the RAND Corporation under which the RAND Corporation--
(1) studies--
(A) the extent to which drug manufacturers use foreign sources for precursor chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients for the manufacture of drugs for the United States market; and
(B) any statutory, regulatory, or other barriers to domestic production of such chemicals and ingredients; and
(2) submits a report on such study to the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
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SA 6635. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,028 characters)
At the appropriate place in subtitle G of title X, insert the following:
SEC. __. RIGHT TO TREAT ACT.
(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b) and notwithstanding any other provision of law--
(1) no Federal agency, including the Food and Drug Administration, the National Institutes of Health, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall have the authority to regulate the practice of medicine; and
(2) no Federal law, rule, regulation, or policy shall prohibit or restrict the prescription or disbursement for an unapproved use of any drug that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration, or that is available pursuant to section 561B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb-0a).
(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect any Federal law, rule, regulation, or policy that restricts abortion, assisted suicide, euthanasia, mercy killing, coercive family planning, female genital mutilation, or gender transition medical interventions.
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SA 6636. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (6,060 characters)
At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 10___. USE OF INVESTIGATIONAL INDIVIDUALIZED MEDICAL
TREATMENTS BY PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH A LIFE-
THREATENING DISEASE OR CONDITION OR SEVERELY
DEBILITATING ILLNESS.
(a) Definitions.--Section 561B(a) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb-0a(a)) is amended--
(1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
"(1) the term `eligible patient' means--
"(A) in the case of a patient requesting an eligible investigational drug, a patient who has--
"(i) been diagnosed with a life-threatening disease or condition (as defined in section 312.81 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations));
"(ii) exhausted approved treatment options and is unable to participate in a clinical trial involving the eligible investigational drug, as certified by a physician, who--
"(I) is in good standing with the physician's licensing organization or board; and
"(II) will not be compensated directly by the manufacturer of such drug for so certifying; and
"(iii) provided to the treating physician written informed consent regarding the eligible investigational drug, or, as applicable, on whose behalf a legally authorized representative of the patient has provided such consent; or
"(B) in the case of a patient requesting an investigational individualized medical treatment, a patient who has--
"(i) been diagnosed with a life-threatening disease or condition or severely debilitating illness (as such terms are defined in section 312.81 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations));
"(ii) considered approved treatment options, as certified by a physician, who--
"(I) is in good standing with the physician's licensing organization or board;
"(II) will not be compensated directly by the manufacturer of such treatment for so certifying; and
"(III) attests to the patient's life-threatening disease or condition or severely debilitating illness; and
"(iii) provided to the treating physician--
"(I) written informed consent regarding the eligible investigational drug or, as applicable, on whose behalf a legally authorized representative of the patient has provided such consent; or
"(II) as applicable, additional informed consent, regarding the investigational individualized medical treatment, or, as applicable, on whose behalf a legally authorized representative of the patient has provided such consent;"; and
(2) in paragraph (2)(D), by striking "and" at the end;
(3) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
"(4) the term `eligible health care facility' means a health care facility that is operating under the Federal assurance for protection of human subjects pursuant to section 491(a) of the Public Health Service Act;
"(5) the term `investigational individualized medical treatment' means a drug or biological product for the patient based on an analysis of the patient's unique genomic profile, including their genomic sequence, human chromosomes, deoxyribonucleic acid, genes, gene products (such as enzymes and other types of proteins), or metabolites; and
"(6) the term `additional informed consent' means consent attested to in writing by the patient's physician and a witness for an investigational individualized medical treatment that includes--
"(A) an explanation of the currently approved treatments for the patient's disease or condition;
"(B) the patient's attestation that the patient concurs with the assessment of their physician that all currently approved and conventionally recognized treatments are unlikely to prolong or improve their life;
"(C) clear identification of the specific proposed investigational individualized medical treatment the patient's physician recommends; and
"(D) a description, based on the physician's knowledge of the proposed treatment and the patient's disease, of the potential outcomes of the treatment.".
(b) Eligibility for Investigational Individualized Medical Treatment.--Section
561B of such Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb-0a) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as subsections (c) through (e), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
"(b) Eligibility for Investigational Individualized Medical Treatment.--A manufacturer of an investigational individualized medical treatment that is in compliance with all applicable Federal assurance laws and regulations and is operating within an eligible health care facility may make available such investigational individualized medical treatment, and an eligible patient may request access to such treatment from the eligible health care facility or manufacturer of such treatment, consistent with the requirements of this section. A manufacturer of an investigational individualized medical treatment is not required to make available such treatment to any patient.".
(c) Exemptions.--Section 561B(c) of such Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb-0a(c)), as redesignated by subsection (b)(1) of this section, is amended--
(1) by inserting "and investigational individualized medical treatments" after "Eligible investigational drugs";
(2) by inserting "or investigational individualized medical treatment" after "such eligible investigational drug";
(3) by inserting "or investigational individualized medical treatment" after "an eligible investigational drug"; and
(4) by inserting "or investigational individualized medical treatments" after "investigational drugs".
(d) Conforming Amendments.--Section 561B of such Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb-0a) is amended--
(1) in the section heading, by inserting "and investigational individualized medical treatments" after "drugs"; and
(2) in subsection (e)(2), as redesignated by subsection (b)(1) of this section--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking "subsection (c)(1)(A)" and inserting "subsection (d)(1)(A)"; and
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking "subsection (c)(1)(B)" and inserting "subsection (d)(1)(B)".
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SA 6637. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (2,027 characters)
At the end of subtitle D of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1252. ELIGIBILITY OF TAIWAN FOR THE STRATEGIC TRADE
AUTHORIZATION EXCEPTION TO CERTAIN EXPORT
CONTROL LICENSING REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Taiwan has adopted high standards in the field of export controls.
(2) Taiwan has declared its unilateral adherence to the Missile Technology Control Regime, the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Australia Group, and the Nuclear Suppliers Group.
(3) At the request of President George W. Bush, section 1206 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107-228; 22 U.S.C. 2321k note) required that Taiwan be treated as if it were designated as a major non-NATO ally (as defined in section 644(q) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403(q)).
(b) Eligibility for Strategic Trade Authorization.--The President, consistent with the commitments of the United States under international arrangements, shall take steps so that Taiwan may be treated as if it were included in the list of countries eligible for the strategic trade authorization exception under section 740.20(c)(1) of the Export Administration Regulations to the requirement for a license for the export, re-export, or in-country transfer of an item subject to controls under the Export Administration Regulations.
(c) Criteria.--Before the President may treat Taiwan as eligible for the exception described in subsection (b), the President shall ensure that Taiwan satisfies any applicable criteria normally required for inclusion in the Country Group A:5 list set forth in Supplement No. 1 to part 740 of the Export Administration Regulations, particularly with respect to alignment of export control policies with such policies of the United States.
(d) Export Administration Regulations Defined.--In this section, the term "Export Administration Regulations" has the meaning given that term in section 1742 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801).
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SA 6638. Mr. CURTIS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1270A. STRATEGY TO COUNTER IRANIAN AND HEZBOLLAH
INFLUENCE OPERATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA.
(a) Short Titles.--This section may be cited as the "Barring Adversarial Networks and Notorious Extremist Destabilizers in Latin America Act" or the "BANNED in Latin America Act".
(b) Strategy Required.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit a comprehensive strategy to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives for countering Iran's and Hezbollah's propaganda networks and influence operations in Latin America.
(c) Contents of Strategy.--The strategy required under subsection (b) shall include--
(1) initiatives that strengthen the capacity of the United States to identify, monitor, and disrupt Iran's and Hezbollah's malign networks, including their cooperation academic institutions and nongovernmental organizations in Latin America;
(2) a framework for taking actions, similar to those implemented against Al-Manar and Press TV, to disrupt Hezbollah's Al Mayadeen Espanol platform, including sanctions, designations, and cooperation with regional partners to limit their broadcasting reach and digital presence;
(3) a plan to expose Iran's Al Mustafa International University network and its affiliated entities, including by working with local governments to address its role in radicalization and recruitment for Iran's ideological and terrorist objectives;
(4) initiatives designed to weaken the ability of Iranian-and Hezbollah-linked individuals from engaging in drugs and contraband smuggling and money laundering;
(5) actions to restrict Iranian- and Hezbollah-linked networks from their ability to exploit natural resources for financial gain, including by benefitting from illicit mining, including of gold, in Venezuela and elsewhere in the region; and
(6) initiatives aimed at working with partners and allies to counter Hezbollah document fraud operations, including the production of falsified passports, birth certificates, driver's licenses, and other government identification.
(d) Form.--The strategy required under subsection (b) shall be submitted in unclassified form and may include a classified annex.
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SA 6639. Mr. BARRASSO (for himself and Mrs. Shaheen) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in title XII, insert the following:
SEC. __1. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Strategic Subsea Cables Act of 2026".
SEC. __2. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Agency.--The term "agency" has the meaning given the term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.
(2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(3) Appropriate federal agencies.--The term "appropriate Federal agencies" means the following:
(A) The Department of Commerce.
(B) The Department of Defense.
(C) The Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
(D) The Department of State.
(E) The Federal Communications Commission.
(F) The Department of the Treasury.
(G) The Department of Justice.
(H) Any additional Federal agencies, as determined by the President.
(4) Critical undersea infrastructure.--The term "critical undersea infrastructure" refers to both subsea communications infrastructure and subsea energy infrastructure.
(5) Interagency committee.--The term "interagency committee" means the entity established under section __1(b).
(6) Non-federal entity.--The term "non-Federal entity" means any nongovernmental entity that is an individual, organization, or business involved in the operation, maintenance, repair, or construction of critical undersea infrastructure, including critical undersea infrastructure owners.
(7) Sabotage.--The term "sabotage" means any act, or attempt to commit such an act, undertaken with the intent to cause damage to, or substantial interruption or impairment of, the safe and reliable operation of, critical undersea infrastructure, including by materially degrading the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data transmitted via subsea communications infrastructure.
(8) Subsea energy infrastructure.--The term "subsea energy infrastructure" means a subsea cable, pipeline, or other equipment installed on, beneath, or within the seabed, including--
(A) to transmit electricity, including via subsea electricity cables, subsea electricity transformers, or equipment related to the support of offshore energy production installations;
(B) to transport natural gas, oil, or hydrogen between land-based or off-shore infrastructure; and
(C) associated landing stations and facilities.
(9) Subsea communications infrastructure.--The term "subsea communications infrastructure" has the same meaning as "submarine cable system", as defined in section 1.70001(h) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, and any subsequent update to such meaning.
PART I--INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION AND ENGAGEMENT ON CRITICAL UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE
SEC. __1. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure poses a growing threat to United States and allied security and economic prosperity.
(2) In recent years, numerous critical undersea infrastructure sites were destroyed or damaged, including--
(A) in January 2022, the reported damage to subsea communications infrastructure connecting the Norwegian mainland with the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard, home of SvalSAT, the largest commercial satellite ground station on Earth;
(B) in February 2023, the reported damage to subsea communications infrastructure connecting the main island of Taiwan to the Matsu Islands in the Taiwan Strait;
(C) in October 2023, the reported damage to the Finland-to-Estonia Balticconnector natural gas pipeline spanning the Gulf of Finland, in addition to the reported damage to subsea communications cables connecting Estonia and Sweden and Finland and Estonia;
(D) in November 2024, the reported damage to the Finland-to-Germany C-Lion1 subsea communications cables and the Lithuania-to-Sweden BCS subsea communications cable in the central Baltic Sea;
(E) in December 2024, the reported damage to the Finland-to-Estonia EstLink2 subsea electricity interconnection cable and nearby subsea communications cables in the Gulf of Finland;
(F) in January 2025, the reported damage to the Trans-Pacific Express subsea communications cable connecting Taiwan to the United States, the Republic of Korea, and Japan;
(G) in February 2025, the reported damage to a subsea communications cable connecting the main island of Taiwan with the Penghu Islands in the Taiwan Strait;
(H) in January 2026, the reported damage to subsea communications cables from Latvia in the Central Baltic Sea linking Liepaja and Sventoji; and
(I) in January 2026, the reported damage to the Elisa cable connecting Finland and Estonia involving a vessel named the Fitburg.
(3) In February 2024, NATO Defense Ministers established the Critical Undersea Infrastructure Network to coordinate information and threat intelligence sharing among private and public sector actors to protect critical undersea infrastructure.
(4) In January 2025, following critical undersea infrastructure sabotage in the Baltic Sea in December 2024, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) launched Baltic Sentry to strengthen the protection of critical undersea infrastructure.
(5) On February 21, 2025, the European Union published an EU Action Plan on Cable Security to include the development and deployment of an Integrated Surveillance Mechanism for Submarine cables work to establish a dedicated regional hub in the Baltic Sea to serve as a test bed of the integrated surveillance approach.
(6) The Association of Southeast Asian States (ASEAN) published guidelines for Strengthening Resilience and Repair of Submarine Cables and most recently announced plans to "build a secure, diverse and resilient submarine cable network" and "to facilitate the expeditious deployment, repair, maintenance, removal, and protection of submarine cables, between ASEAN Member States".
(7) On July 1, 2025, the Quad, represented by the United States, India, Japan, and Australia, met to reaffirm its commitment to the Quad Partnership on Cable Connectivity and Resilience. In the meeting, the Quad underscored the need for digital infrastructure collaboration, organizing a subsea cables forum to be hosted by the United States and India and encouraging regulatory harmonization between Quad partners. Through this initiative, the Quad seeks to defend and promote resilient, secure, and transparent digital infrastructure across the Indo-Pacific region.
SEC. __2. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) critical undersea infrastructure represents vital strategic and economic links between the United States and its partners and allies;
(2) according to NATO, "undersea cables carry an estimated $10 trillion in transfers every day; two-thirds of the world's oil and gas is either extracted at sea or transported by sea; and around 95 percent of global data flows are transmitted via undersea cables";
(3) since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, there has been a marked increase in high-profile suspected sabotage incidents resulting in damage to critical undersea infrastructure, especially across Northern Europe and East Asia;
(4) private sector owners and operators of critical undersea infrastructure are responsible for the installation, maintenance, security, and repair of critical undersea infrastructure, and the role of the United States Government is to support, not supplant, those responsibilities through domestic and international coordination, including with the private sector and allied foreign governments, to improve security, threat detection, and incident response to address sabotage and policies that undermine critical undersea infrastructure resilience;
(5) the United States Government has an important role to play in supporting international bodies concerned with the protection of critical undersea infrastructure, including promoting network resilience and redundancy, and encouraging the implementation of appropriate standards and best practices in support of these goals;
(6) the United States Government should deepen its contribution to multilateral efforts to protect critical undersea infrastructure, including appropriate participation in NATO initiatives such as the NATO Maritime Centre for the Security of Critical Undersea Infrastructure, the Critical Undersea Infrastructure Coordination Cell, the Critical Undersea Infrastructure Network, and the NATO-EU Task Force on the Resilience of Critical Infrastructure, allied maritime security efforts such as the Joint Expeditionary Force, Indo-Pacific initiatives, including the Quad Partnership for Cable Connectivity and Resilience, and international organizations such as the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC), in order to advance United States national security and economic interests; and
(7) the United States should work with allies and partners to support the private sector deployment of resilient critical undersea infrastructure networks, enhance shared situational awareness, strengthen joint preparedness, and formalize coordinated responses among allies and partners through improved information sharing and cooperation with private sector owners and operators to prevent, deter, and mitigate sabotage.
SEC. __3. ENHANCING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ENGAGEMENT WITH
RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL BODIES TO SAFEGUARD
UNITED STATES INTERESTS.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of State, in coordination with the interagency committee, as appropriate, shall seek to deepen United States Government engagement with relevant international bodies to advance United States national security and economic interests as it relates to critical undersea infrastructure.
(b) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes the following:
(1) A description of how strengthened United States Government engagement with relevant international bodies, including in coordination with the United States domestic subsea cable industry, could support United States national security objectives as it relates to the protection of critical undersea infrastructure.
(2) A description of key objectives for promoting and protecting United States national security interests within relevant international bodies.
(3) A description of how the People's Republic of China entities leverage their engagement with relevant international bodies to further their strategic interests.
(4) A description of how encouraging other countries and regional bodies to engage with relevant international bodies can better ensure coordinated, consistent global critical undersea infrastructure policies.
(5) A description of international bodies relevant for critical undersea infrastructure where the United States should increase its diplomatic engagement.
SEC. __4.
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IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CRITICAL
UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE SABOTAGE.
(a) In General.--The President, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury, shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to any foreign person that the President determines, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, is responsible for acts of sabotage or knowingly facilitates acts of sabotage against critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(1) any foreign vessel or entity the owner or operator of which knowingly--
(A) commits acts of sabotage; or
(B) conducts preparatory surveillance, logistical support, security, or other services that facilitate or enable an act of sabotage; and
(2) any foreign person that the President determines knowingly--
(A) owns, operates, or manages the vessel or entity described in paragraph (1);
(B) provides underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance necessary for such a vessel or entity;
(C) facilitates deceptive or structured transactions to support a vessel or entity described in paragraph (1);
(D) provides port or logistics services or facilities for technology upgrades or installation of equipment for, or retrofitting or tethering of, a vessel described in paragraph (1) for the purpose of evading sanctions;
(E) provides documentation, registration, or flagging services for a vessel described in paragraph (1) for the purpose of evading sanctions; or
(F) serves as a captain, principal officer, or senior leadership of such a vessel or entity.
(b) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:
(1) Blocking of property.--The President may exercise all of the powers granted by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a foreign person described in subsection (a), if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(2) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole.--
(A) Visas, admission, or parole.--An alien described in subsection (a) shall be--
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B) Current visas revoked.--
(i) In general.--The visa or other entry documentation of an alien described in subsection (a) shall be revoked, regardless of when such visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
(ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under clause (i) shall--
(I) take effect immediately; and
(II) automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the possession of the alien.
(c) Implementation; Penalties.--
(1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section.
(2) Penalties.--The penalties provided for in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to any person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any prohibition of this section, or an order or regulation prescribed under this section, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 206(a) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1705(a)).
(d) Exceptions.--
(1) Exception to comply with united nations headquarters agreement and law enforcement activities.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to an alien if admitting or paroling the alien is necessary--
(A) to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations of the United States; or
(B) to carry out or assist authorized law enforcement activity in the United States.
(2) Exception to comply with intelligence activities.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply to any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.
(3) Exception relating to importation of goods.--
(A) In general.--The authorities and requirements to impose sanctions under this section shall not include the authority or requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
(B) Good defined.--In this paragraph, the term "good" means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.
(4) Exception for humanitarian assistance.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply to--
(A) the conduct or facilitation of a transaction for the provision of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, medical devices, or humanitarian assistance, or for humanitarian purposes; or
(B) transactions that are necessary for or related to the activities described in subparagraph (A).
(5) Exception for safety of vessels and crew.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to a person providing provisions to a vessel otherwise subject to sanctions under this section if such provisions are intended for the safety and care of the crew aboard the vessel, the protection of human life aboard the vessel, or the maintenance of the vessel to avoid any environmental or other significant damage.
(e) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Admission; admitted; alien.--The terms "admission", "admitted", and "alien" have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
(2) Agricultural commodity.--The term "agricultural commodity" has the meaning given that term in section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602).
(3) Foreign person.--The term "foreign person" means an individual or entity that is not a United States person.
(4) Medicine.--The term "medicine" has the meaning given the term "drug" in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).
(5) Medical device.--The term "medical device" has the meaning given the term "device" in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).
(6) United states person.--The term "United States person" means--
(A) any United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States;
(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including any foreign branch of such an entity; or
(C) any person in the United States.
(f) National Security Interests Waiver.--The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section if, before issuing the waiver, the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees--
(1) a certification in writing that the issuance of the waiver is in the national security interests of the United States; and
(2) a report, including an optional classified annex, explaining the basis for the certification.
SEC. __5. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
(a) Report.--To ensure appropriate deterrence, escalation management, and responses related to critical undersea infrastructure, not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes the following:
(1) A description, with respect to the applicable reporting period, of the subsea cable manufacturing, installation, and maintenance capabilities of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Russian Federation.
(2) An analysis of the mission, capabilities, and activities of the Main Directorate of Deep-Sea Research (GUGI) of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, including--
(A) a description of GUGI's use of ostensibly civilian research vessels to conduct critical undersea infrastructure seabed warfare, and potential sabotage;
(B) an assessment of the impact of sanctions on the ability of GUGI to procure advanced technologies and equipment, as well as its efforts to circumvent those sanctions; and
(C) a list of suspected GUGI research or scientific vessels, including vessel names and International Maritime Organization and Maritime Mobile Service Identity numbers, and related equipment that are suspected of engaging in dual-use operations and probing of critical undersea infrastructure.
(3) An analysis of the missions, capabilities, and activities of the People's Liberation Army, the PRC Coast Guard, the China Ship Scientific Research Center, HMN Technologies, and other PRC-based entities, including unmarked or dual-use maritime militia or commercial vessels related to monitoring and sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(A) a description of recent capability developments related to sabotaging critical undersea infrastructure, including for both deep-sea and littoral purposes; and
(B) a description of the PRC's use of ostensibly civilian fishing, merchant, and research vessels for sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure, including in the Indo-Pacific, Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Hemisphere.
(4) An assessment of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the PRC on sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(A) any current or planned operational coordination against United States or allied and partner nation targets;
(B) any joint research, development, testing, or evaluation of critical undersea infrastructure sabotage or seabed warfare capabilities;
(C) any technology transfers or joint training related to critical undersea infrastructure surveillance, sabotage, or seabed warfare; and
(D) any coordination in procurement of advanced technologies related to critical undersea infrastructure sabotage, seabed warfare, or circumvention of sanctions against the Russian Federation.
(5) A list of instances during the previous calendar year in which the United States, or allies and partners of the United States, documented anomalous behavior from vessels, either flagged, crewed, or operated by the
PRC or Russia, around critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(A) any official United States Government response to counter the anomalous behavior; and
(B) any coordinated diplomatic action with allies and partners.
(6) An assessment of the extent to which PRC-based entities are involved in laying, maintaining, and repairing United States-invested cables.
(b) Initial and Subsequent Reports.--The initial report required under subsection (a) shall cover the period between January 1, 2022, through the date of the enactment of this Act. Subsequent reports required by subsection (a) shall cover the previous calendar year for the reporting period.
(c) Classification.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
SEC. __6.
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ENGAGING FOREIGN PARTNERS TO STRENGTHEN THE
SECURITY OF CRITICAL UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) as international critical undersea infrastructure expands, the complexity of the deployment and protection of subsea cables is increasing, which can create operational and security vulnerabilities that, if exploited, may have national security implications for the United States and foreign partners;
(2) the United States, together with its allies and partners, is well positioned to offer technical, material, and other forms of support to international partners to enhance the resilience of international critical undersea infrastructure;
(3) the United States Government should enhance its diplomatic engagement with trusted allies to support foreign governments and private industry efforts to improve the timely and effective deployment and protection of critical undersea infrastructure; and
(4) given the importance of critical undersea infrastructure to United States and allied energy security and prosperity, adversaries are increasingly prioritizing capabilities designed to target United States and allied subsea energy infrastructure.
(b) Commitment of Personnel and Resources.--The Secretary of State shall devote sufficient personnel and resources towards--
(1) engaging with foreign countries, in coordination with other relevant Federal agencies and private industry, to promote international cooperation on the security and resilience of critical undersea infrastructure, including by helping address regulatory and diplomatic obstacles that may affect the timely deployment and protection by operators; and
(2) working with allies and partners to improve collective preparedness and response times in the event of sabotage affecting critical undersea infrastructure, including, as appropriate, by supporting international coordination mechanisms that facilitate the timely deployment of cable repair and support vessels.
(c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the next 5 years, the Secretary of State, in coordination with other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that outlines efforts by the United States Government in the prior calendar year to work with international allies and partners to strengthen the security and resilience of critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(1) a list of current foreign policies, laws, or regulatory practices that may create barriers or constrain the ability of critical undersea infrastructure operators to install, maintain, repair, and protect critical undersea infrastructure and any steps taken through dialogue with allies and partners to address such challenges; and
(2) a description of the progress made in the previous calendar year as a result of United States diplomatic engagement with allies and partners on these issues.
PART II--DEPARTMENT OF STATE CRITICAL UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE EXPERTISE
SEC. __1. EXPANDING CRITICAL UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE-RELATED
EXPERTISE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of State shall ensure that the Department of State has adequate expertise to support the Department of State's diplomatic and interagency engagement on matters related to critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(1) promoting the protection and resilience of critical undersea infrastructure through international cooperation;
(2) coordinating with United States allies and partners on foreign policy and security aspects of critical undersea infrastructure; and
(3) representing United States interests and engagement in international bodies that address critical undersea infrastructure.
(b) Assignment.--The Bureau for Cyberspace and Digital Policy shall ensure that personnel assigned to oversee critical undersea infrastructure are provided sufficient time, resources, and ability to carry out those responsibilities effectively, including, as appropriate, by prohibiting dual-hatting arrangement that could dilute the Department's expertise.
(c) Notification.--Not later than 15 days after fulfilling the expertise requirement in subsection (a), the Secretary of State shall notify the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(d) International Cooperation on Critical Undersea Infrastructure Sabotage.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on how the United States Government plans to prioritize diplomatic engagement within relevant international bodies to encourage and facilitate appropriate information sharing between allied and partner governments and relevant private sector companies regarding threats to, and the sabotage of, critical undersea infrastructure.
PART III--INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON SUBSEA COMMUNICATIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION FROM SABOTAGE
SEC. __1. IMPROVING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT COORDINATION ON
PROTECTING SUBSEA COMMUNICATIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) There is no single agency where subsea cable owners and operators can engage the United States Government on security and resilience, including to seek coordinated assistance in identifying and addressing shared risks to subsea communications infrastructure.
(2) United States Federal Government responsibilities for the protection of subsea communications infrastructure, damage reporting, information and intelligence sharing, and emergency response are spread across multiple departments and agencies.
(3) In order to ensure United States agencies and departments appropriately account for the risks to subsea communications infrastructure and provide timely and coordinated support when warranted, the United States Government should improve interagency coordination and share risk assessments and best practices with the subsea communications infrastructure industry, while respecting the industry's primary responsibility for security risk mitigation, investment, and operational decision-making.
(b) Establishment.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall establish an interagency committee (referred to in this subtitle as the "interagency committee") comprised of the heads, or their designees, of the appropriate Federal agencies and departments, to coordinate the United States Government efforts to--
(1) promote awareness of and support for the protection and resilience of subsea communications infrastructure;
(2) facilitate voluntary collaboration and information sharing with relevant non-Federal entities, including relevant members of the subsea communications infrastructure industry, to identify and address shared challenges to subsea communications infrastructure security and resilience;
(3) coordinate United States Government policies related to subsea communications infrastructure security and resilience; and
(4) address other matters related to subsea communications infrastructure deemed appropriate and necessary by the President.
(c) Coordination.--The President shall direct the interagency committee to conduct an overview of the United States Federal Government's operational authorities for subsea communications security and resilience. The overview shall include an interagency concept of operations describing how Federal departments and agencies will coordinate with one another and, on a voluntary basis, partner with non-Federal entities, including subsea communications owners and operators, to support the security and repair of subsea communications infrastructure in a variety of crisis scenarios.
(d) Analysis of Subsea Communications Infrastructure Sabotage.--
(1) In general.--The President shall direct the heads of the appropriate Federal agencies to develop strategies to coordinate closely within the interagency process and, on a voluntary basis, with subsea communications industry stakeholders to review sabotage and other threats to subsea communications infrastructure, including where appropriate and consistent with applicable law and voluntary information-sharing arrangements, by leveraging analysis from aggregated industry data, to--
(A) identify trends;
(B) refine attributions, particularly in cases of subsea communications infrastructure sabotage;
(C) identify geographic areas where subsea communications infrastructure may face elevated risk;
(D) identify Federal Government functions and private sector engagement methods that can support, rather than direct, the security of subsea communications infrastructure; and
(E) inform future risk mitigation efforts by Federal departments and agencies to support industry-led measures to reduce damage to subsea communications infrastructure.
(2) Strategy elements.--The strategies required under paragraph (1) shall include--
(A) resourcing requirements to carry out the activities described in paragraph (1);
(B) coordination with United States allies and partners and relevant subsea communications infrastructure industry stakeholders; and
(C) the necessary technical expertise within the Federal Government to contribute to the analysis of subsea communications infrastructure sabotage.
(e) Report.--Not later than 30 days after establishing the required interagency committee under subsection (b), the President shall submit to Congress a report that includes the following elements:
(1) Any resources required to sufficiently staff the interagency committee and United States Federal agencies overseeing the objectives outlined in subsection (b).
(2) A detailed plan for how the interagency committee will advance the objectives outlined in subsection (b).
SEC. __2.
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STRENGTHENING INFORMATION SHARING BETWEEN UNITED
STATES GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR
STAKEHOLDERS ON SUBSEA COMMUNICATIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE.
(a) Public-private Sector Information Sharing.--Consistent with the necessary protections of classified information, the sourcing of relevant intelligence material, and privacy and civil liberties, all appropriate Federal agencies shall, in direct coordination with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and, as appropriate, with intelligence sharing partnerships with trusted allies, issue procedures--
(1) to enable the timely sharing of classified information regarding subsea communications infrastructure sabotage, any indications of potential sabotage, and other threats to subsea communications infrastructure with non-Federal entities that possess the necessary security clearances;
(2) to facilitate the timely sharing between members of the interagency committee and non-Federal entities of information related to subsea communications infrastructure sabotage, information relating to indications of potential sabotage, or other threats when such information can be declassified and shared at an unclassified level;
(3) to promote the timely sharing by members of the interagency committee to non-Federal entities, and the voluntary, cooperative sharing by non-Federal entities to members of the interagency committee, of unclassified, including controlled unclassified, information regarding subsea communications infrastructure sabotage, indications of potential sabotage, and other threats to subsea communications infrastructure; and
(4) to support the prevention or mitigation of adverse effects from sabotage or other threats to subsea communications infrastructure through the timely sharing by members of the interagency committee to non-Federal entities, and the voluntary cooperative sharing by non-Federal entities to members of the interagency committee, when and if appropriate, of information relating to indications of potential subsea communications infrastructure sabotage.
(b) Development of Procedures.--The procedures developed in accordance with this section shall--
(1) ensure the Federal departments and agencies that are members of the interagency committee have and maintain the capacity to identify and inform in near real time information regarding subsea communications infrastructure sabotage and indications of potential subsea communications infrastructure sabotage to other appropriate Federal agencies or non-Federal entities consistent with the protection of classified information;
(2) incorporate, whenever possible, existing processes, roles, and responsibilities of members of the interagency committee and non-Federal entities for information sharing, including subsea communications infrastructure-specific information sharing and analysis entities; and
(3) require members of the interagency committee and other appropriate Federal agencies which are sharing subsea communications infrastructure sabotage indicators or defensive measures to employ any applicable security controls to defend against unauthorized access to or acquisition of such information.
(c) Submittal to Congress.--The Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the members of the interagency committee, shall--
(1) not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit to the appropriate congressional committees the procedures required under subsection (b); and
(2) not later than one year after submitting such procedures, and annually thereafter for 5 years, submit to Congress a report on the implementation and execution of information sharing with non-Federal entities in the previous year pursuant to subsection (a).
SEC. __1. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed--
(1) to confer any new regulatory authority on, or to modify any existing regulatory of, any Federal department or agency with respect to owners and operators of critical undersea infrastructure, to authorize the provision of subsidies to critical undersea infrastructure, or to alter the responsibility of the private sector for the deployment, operation, maintenance, security, and repair of critical undersea infrastructure;
(2) to involuntarily require non-Federal entities to share proprietary or confidential business information with the United States Government;
(3) to alter existing statutory authorities or criteria governing communications services, or the licensing permitting, or authorization of submarine cable landings, spectrum, or domestic communications regulation, including any requirements under the Act of May 27, 1921 (47 U.S.C. 34 et seq.; commonly known as the "Cable Landing Licensing Act") or related statutes;
(4) to create any new requirement that non-Federal entities obtain additional Federal approvals, beyond those already required under existing law, before planning, constructing, operating, maintaining, or repairing critical undersea infrastructure; or
(5) to authorize any Federal department or agency to direct, approve, or veto the day-to-day operational decisions of owners or operators of critical undersea infrastructure, including route selection, maintenance scheduling, or other commercial decisions except as expressly provided by other applicable law.
______
SA 6640. Mr. SCHMITT submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. 10__. AMERICAN SUPPLY CHAIN SOVEREIGNTY INITIATIVE.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(1) the infiltration and influence of global maritime logistics networks by state-directed entities, specifically platforms such as the national transportation logistics public information platform (commonly known as "LOGINK") and entities identified under section 1260H of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note; Public Law 116-283), constitutes a direct and immediate threat to United States national security and Department of Defense mobilization capabilities;
(2) the velocity and security of maritime terminals are essential matters of interstate commerce and national defense, requiring a unified, secure Federal data architecture; and
(3) the American Supply Chain Sovereignty Initiative is explicitly intended to serve as a neutral, federally protected public utility that--
(A) preserves free-market autonomy;
(B) protects confidential business information of United States businesses of all sizes; and
(C) ensures the United States military and domestic workforce cannot be undermined by foreign logistics platforms.
(b) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Commercial intermediary.--The term "commercial intermediary" means--
(A) a third-party logistics provider;
(B) a customs broker; and
(C) a freight forwarder.
(2) Country of concern.--The term "country of concern" means a covered nation (as defined in section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code).
(3) Covered logistics platform.--The term "covered logistics platform" means a logistics software, terminal operating system, or data aggregation platform that the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Commander of the United States Transportation Command, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, identifies as being owned by, systemically integrated with, or utilizing proprietary software licensed by an entity that is--
(A) identified pursuant to section 1260H of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note; Public Law 116-283);
(B) included on the Entity List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security and set forth in Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor list); or
(C) identified as--
(i) a country of concern; or
(ii) an entity subject to the jurisdiction, direction, or control of a country of concern.
(4) CTPAT.--The term "CTPAT" means the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism established under subtitle B of title II of the SAFE Port Act (6 U.S.C. 961 et seq.).
(5) Declared national emergency.--The term "declared national emergency" means an emergency or major disaster that has been formally declared by the President pursuant to existing statutory authority, including--
(A) a national emergency declared by the President under the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.);
(B) an emergency declared by the President under section 501 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5191);
(C) a major disaster declared by the President under section 401 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 5170); or
(D) a public health emergency declared under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d).
(6) Initiative.--The term "Initiative" means the American Supply Chain Sovereignty Initiative established under subsection (c).
(7) Marine terminal operator.--The term "marine terminal operator" has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 46, United States Code.
(8) Ocean common carrier.--The term "ocean common carrier" has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 46, United States Code.
(9) Operational tier member.--The term "operational tier member" means a participant described in any of clauses (i) through (xi) of subsection (g)(1)(B).
(10) Participant.--The term "participant" means any individual or entity participating in the Initiative in accordance with subsection (e)(2)(A).
(11) Participant tier member.--The term "participant tier member" means any participant in the Initiative that is not an operational tier member.
(12) Participating.--The term "participating", with respect to an individual or entity, means that the individual or entity is participating in the Initiative in accordance with subsection (e)(2)(A).
(13) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Transportation.
(c) Establishment.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the United States Trade Representative, and the Federal Maritime Commission, shall establish a program, to be known as the "American Supply Chain Sovereignty Initiative".
(2) Requirement.--The Initiative shall build on the Freight Logistics Optimization Works (FLOW) program to encompass both containerized and bulk freight shipments, for imports and exports, in accordance with the phased deployment authority established under subsection (g)(5).
(d) Integration of Data.--
(1) Authority.--The Secretary may collect and integrate--
(A) voluntary confidential business information provided by private sector supply chain entities, including agricultural producers, energy producers, manufacturers, third-party logistics providers, commodity traders, ocean common carriers, and commercial providers of meteorological, geospatial, and navigational data;
(B) public sector administrative and physical domain data, including customs data, inbound and outbound vessel manifests, cross-border intermodal manifests, inland waterway infrastructure data, export control data, agricultural shipment flows and transportation market datasets maintained by the Agricultural Marketing Service, and meteorological, hydrographic, and geospatial data; and
(C) advanced statistical and predictive models.
(2) Objective.--The integrated data under paragraph (1) shall be utilized to reduce inflationary pressures, optimize routing alternatives, maximize the throughput capacity of existing physical infrastructure, deter domestic cargo theft, support the rapid movement of essential cargo, and counter the integration and influence of covered logistics platforms in United States supply chains by restricting such platforms and affiliated entities from the expedited service tier established under subsection (f) while permitting baseline data integration to preserve macroscopic network visibility.
(3) Protection of personally identifiable information.--
(A) In general.--Nothing in this subsection authorizes the collection, storage, or analysis of personally identifiable information regarding any individual.
(B) Operational tier members.--
(i) In general.--To support operational utility, asset-level data strictly limited to freight-carrying conveyances such as shipping containers, trailers, intermodal chassis, railcars, and vessels, and explicitly excluding terminal handling equipment, may be retained and shared in its granular form strictly with operational tier members under subsection (g)(1).
(ii) Requirement.--The collection, retention, or sharing of individual telematics or geospatial tracking of terminal handling equipment is strictly prohibited, but the reporting of aggregated terminal capacity metrics or overall equipment availability status is permitted strictly for the purpose of predictive operational modeling and network forecasting shared with operational tier members under subsection (g)(1).
(C) Participant tier members.--Data disseminated to participant tier members shall be appropriately anonymized and aggregated.
(4) Mandatory cybersecurity and zero-trust integration.--The Secretary shall ensure that the entire digital architecture of the Initiative conforms strictly to Federal zero-trust architecture mandates and incorporates rigorous logical network segmentation, boundary defenses, and continuous automated data cleansing protocols designed to completely eliminate lateral network movement, cross-domain vulnerabilities, or unauthorized executable code, particularly across interfaces accessible by participant tier members.
(e) Prohibition on Operational Execution and Conditions for Expedited Service.--
(1) Prohibition on mandates.--Except as authorized under section 101 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C.
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4511), nothing in this section provides any authority to the Secretary to mandate physical operational execution across the general supply chain, including any authority--
(A) to require reservations for berths or gates;
(B) to assign specific vessels to specific terminals; or
(C) to interfere with the commercial rights of participants to negotiate pricing or operational schedules.
(2) Affirmation of voluntary participation.--
(A) In general.--Participation in the Initiative, including the data-sharing framework under subsection (g), shall be voluntary, subject to the condition that any individual or entity electing to participate shall--
(i) comply with the proportional, reciprocal data-sharing requirements established by the Secretary for the specific operational category or tier of participation of that individual or entity, including any additional data-sharing and cadence requirements necessary to execute the expedited service tier under subsection (f) for applicable cargo; and
(ii) submit data in the format and cadence that the Secretary determines necessary for the Initiative to function properly.
(B) Authority.--Nothing in this section provides any authority to the Secretary to dictate commercial execution, market share allocation, or command-and-control logistics models utilized by state-owned enterprises or entities subject to the jurisdiction, direction, or control of a country of concern during the normal course of business.
(C) Inclusion for network visibility.--
(i) In general.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit an entity subject to the jurisdiction, direction, or control of a country of concern, or an entity utilizing a covered logistics platform, from participating as a participant tier member strictly for baseline data integration under subsection (d)(1)(A), subject to the condition that such entity and the moves of such entity shall remain strictly ineligible for each of the expedited service tier under subsection (f) and the receipt of granular operational tier data under subsection (g)(1).
(ii) Requirement.--Individual container movements and shipments shall be evaluated for the expedited service tier under subsection (f) strictly on a transaction-by-transaction basis, subject to the condition that any specific move utilizing data that touches, originates from, or is transmitted via a covered logistics platform shall be ineligible for that expedited service tier or the receipt of granular operational tier data under subsection (g)(1), regardless of whether the moving party is an operational tier member or a participant tier member.
(3) Operational requirement for expedited service.--Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the administrative designation and digital signaling of expedited cargo under subsection (f) shall be contingent on the good-faith physical execution of the designation or signaling by the participant electing to offer or utilize the expedited service tier, consistent with all applicable operational requirements under subsections (f) and (g), as determined by the Secretary.
(4) Review of associated fees.--
(A) In general.--Nothing in this section exempts any fee or cost-recovery mechanism introduced by a commercial participant in relation to the Initiative from applicable statutory advance notice requirements.
(B) Oversight.--Any fee or mechanism described in subparagraph (A) shall remain subject to the continuous oversight of the Federal Maritime Commission, in accordance with its jurisdiction, including expedited review upon the filing of a participant tier member complaint.
(C) Prohibitions and limitations on fees.--
(i) Prohibition on administrative fees.--A commercial participant shall not assess any secondary fee, surcharge, or cost-recovery mechanism against a participant tier member strictly for the administrative designation of cargo for the expedited service tier under subsection (f).
(ii) Rule of construction for physical execution.--Nothing in clause (i) prohibits a commercial participant from assessing a just, reasonable, and non-discriminatory fee or published tariff for the actual physical handling, block stowage, expanded gate hours, or dedicated yard infrastructure required to physically execute the expedited service tier under subsection (f), subject to the advance notice and expedited review requirements under subparagraphs (A) and (B).
(5) Common carrier safe harbor.--The physical prioritization, block stowage, or expedited handling of cargo designated for expedited service consistent with the requirements of a secure supply chain under subsection (f) by a participating ocean common carrier or marine terminal operator, acting in good faith to fulfill the operational requirements of this section, shall not constitute an undue or unreasonable preference, advantage, prejudice, or disadvantage under section 41104 of title 46, United States Code, or any associated regulations.
(f) Expedited Service Tier and Accountability.--
(1) Criteria for expedited service.--
(A) In general.--In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary, in consultation with the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Agriculture, shall establish objective criteria to designate cargo for voluntary expedited service.
(B) Risk profiles.--The Initiative shall provide vessel-and shipment-specific details to enrich existing information used by U.S.
Customs and Border Protection in the determination of risk profiles used to expedite freight upon entry.
(C) Requirements.--Cargo shall only be eligible for designation for expedited service under the Initiative if--
(i)(I) the importer or exporter of record is a validated participant in good standing of the CTPAT;
(II) the cargo consists of supplies described in section 2631(a) of title 10, United States Code; or
(III) the cargo consists of commodities included on an Essential Commodity Target List developed under paragraph (6); and
(ii) the Secretary verifies that the cargo data is transferred via a trusted data chain, as described in paragraph (2).
(2) Trusted data chain.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary shall promulgate technologically neutral data standards for verifying that cargo data is transferred via a trusted data chain.
(B) Requirement.--The standards promulgated under subparagraph (A) shall require--
(i) a tamper-evident digital attestation, originating from the physical point of execution, to verify that the data provenance has not been irreversibly scrubbed or masked by a proxy server affiliated with a covered logistics platform or an entity identified under section 1260H of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note; Public Law 116-283); or
(ii) an alternative verification mechanism that, in the determination of the Secretary, provides an equivalent or superior level of security and assurance of data provenance.
(C) Commercial intermediary safe harbor.--Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent or penalize the lawful routing of data by an authorized commercial intermediary, subject to the condition the commercial intermediary utilizes a secure architecture that preserves the original point-of-origin cryptographic attestation.
(3) Transition period.--The Secretary shall establish a 2-year transition period for operational deployment, during which provisional eligibility for expedited service may be granted utilizing legacy electronic data transmission protocols and third-party audits, but after which the tamper-evident digital attestation requirements described in paragraph (2) shall be strictly enforced.
(4) National interest waiver.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, may temporarily waive the requirements of this section relating to covered logistics platform exposure, tamper-evident digital attestations, or both, for specific participants, trade lanes, or commodity classes if the Secretary determines that the waiver is in the national interest or necessary to prevent significant supply chain disruption.
(B) Renewal.--A waiver granted under this paragraph shall be limited to a period not to exceed 180 days, but may be renewed by the Secretary for additional successive periods of up to 180 days upon a renewed determination of national interest or operational necessity.
(5) Mechanisms to prevent unreasonable displacement of general commerce.--
(A) In general.--In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary may implement appropriate mechanisms to prevent the unreasonable displacement of general commerce.
(B) Capacity allocation for small businesses.--In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall establish a minimum percentage of all expedited capacity designations that shall be available for eligible small business concerns (within the meaning of section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C.
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632)).
(C) Limitation.--Nothing in this paragraph provides any authority to impose physical terminal throughput quotas.
(6) Essential cargo and abstraction during national emergencies.--
(A) In general.--During a declared national emergency, the President may develop a non-public Essential Commodity Target List for a country or affected region.
(B) Exemption from disclosure.--An Essential Commodity Target List under subparagraph (A) shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code.
(C) Requirement.--The Secretary shall not transmit the underlying Harmonized Tariff Schedule code or national security justification for any designation made under this paragraph to the applicable operational tier member executing the physical movement of the applicable cargo.
(7) Revocation for abuse.--The Secretary may suspend or revoke participation in any tier of the Initiative for any entity determined to have knowingly submitted false or misleading data regarding the urgency, details, or strategic value of a shipment.
(g) Tiered Information Sharing Architecture.--
(1) Operational tier members.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary may share operational data with directly interested operational tier members as necessary to facilitate the physical movement of cargo, subject to the condition that the disclosure is strictly limited to the operational data necessary for physical execution and shall not include commercial pricing, freight rates, financial contract terms, or any other confidential business information.
(B) Permitted disclosures.--The Secretary may disclose operational data to operational tier members as follows:
(i) To a participating ocean common carrier, container-level or commodity-level data necessary to facilitate origin stowage plans and priority cargo blocks.
(ii) To a participating marine terminal operator, predictive arrival times and container-level or tank-and-hold-level priority-mapped vessel stowage plans to support the expedited movement of priority containers, pipeline manifold scheduling, and the dynamic coordination of export receiving windows for outbound expedited cargo.
(iii) To a participating port authority, anonymized volume and capacity forecasts relevant to the jurisdiction of the port authority.
(iv) To participating railroad carriers, aggregated demand forecasts to plan railcar supply.
(v) To participating motor carriers, container-specific predictive availability strictly to optimize dispatch scheduling and facilitate advanced terminal and gate coordination.
(vi) To participating providers of intermodal chassis, aggregated demand forecasts and empty equipment priority status to optimize equipment availability.
(vii) To participating off-dock container yards, transload facilities, and warehouses, predictive availability strictly for cargo explicitly routed to that yard, facility, or warehouse.
(viii) To a participating maritime operator on inland waterways, predictive queuing and lock status for transiting vessels and barges.
(ix) To a participating pipeline operator or port-side bulk storage facility, predictive arrival times, volume, and priority status of liquid or dry bulk vessels.
(x) To the Corps of Engineers, predictive vessel-specific data for barge and deep-draft vessel traffic across inland waterways and federally maintained coastal channels necessary to optimize lockage scheduling, water level management, dredging schedules, trust fund utilization, and infrastructure maintenance.
(xi) To a participating licensed customs broker, read-only visibility of clearance status.
(2) Participant tier members.--
(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), the Secretary may share aggregated, anonymized benchmarking data with participant tier members.
(B) Prohibition on real-time tracking.--Data shared under this paragraph shall not provide continuous, real-time location tracking of individual commercial assets.
(C) Prohibition on resale.--No entity receiving data under this paragraph may sell, license, or incorporate the data into a commercial product offered to third parties.
(3) Vendor exception.--
(A) In general.--Any participant receiving data under this subsection may transmit that data to a contracted technology service provider or terminal operating system approved by the Secretary, which shall include any legacy commercial system provisionally approved or deemed approved by the Secretary upon initial deployment, strictly to facilitate the internal logistics operations of the participant, subject to the condition that the vendor of the technology service provider or terminal operating system is contractually prohibited from utilizing the data for any other purpose.
(B) Disqualification and remediation.--If the Secretary determines that a technology service provider or terminal operating system vendor has violated a contractual prohibition described in subparagraph (A) or compromised data provenance, the Secretary--
(i) may disqualify that vendor from receiving data under this section; and
(ii) except where an immediate threat to national security requires immediate cessation, shall provide any participant utilizing that vendor in good faith a reasonable operational transition period to remediate the exposure without penalty, revocation, or loss of status under this section.
(4) Prohibition on commercial competition.--The Secretary shall not develop, offer, or assess a fee for premium software modules that replicate commercially available fleet management, commercial routing, or reservation booking products.
(5) Phased deployment.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary may implement data collection and dissemination pursuant to the Initiative in phases through technologically neutral interfaces.
(B) Deadline for initial deployment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall deploy the digital architecture for inbound containerized freight developed for the Initiative.
(C) Subsequent integration.--Following the initial operational deployment for inbound containerized freight under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall integrate outbound containerized exports and dry and liquid bulk commodities as technological readiness and commercial adoption permit.
(D) Annual report.--The Secretary shall publish an annual report providing high-level statistical summaries of supply chain performance that shall not reveal confidential business information.
(6) Priority for infrastructure grants.--In awarding discretionary grants for freight infrastructure projects, including grants under the Port Infrastructure Development Program under section 54301 of title 46, United States Code, and the Nationally Significant Multimodal Freight and Highway Projects program under section 117 of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary
may, in addition to any other applicable provision of law providing for priority consideration under the applicable grant program, give priority consideration to applications submitted by or on behalf of operators that are active participants in good standing.
(h) Interagency Coordination for National Defense.--
(1) Strictly limited data sharing.--
(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), the Secretary may share data, analysis, and predictive models derived from the Initiative strictly and exclusively with--
(i) the Department of Defense;
(ii) the Department of Homeland Security;
(iii) the Department of Agriculture (including the Agricultural Marketing Service); and
(iv) the Department of Commerce.
(B) Interagency data integration and mandatory enforcement protocols.--
(i) Compliance simplification.--The Secretary shall ensure that any data element required to be submitted to the Initiative across all participation tiers that is concurrently collected by or filed with the Department of Homeland Security or the Department of Commerce under existing customs, border security, or export clearance authorities is integrated seamlessly and transmitted electronically between the respective agencies to eliminate duplicate administrative burdens on participants.
(ii) Private data firewall and balanced enforcement access.--Confidential business information unique to the Initiative under subsection (d)(1)(A), including forward-looking purchase orders, carrier booking projections, and landside distribution capacities, shall be strictly masked or withheld from the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Commerce for participant tier members, subject to the condition that such data protection mask shall be lifted automatically and seamlessly for any cargo voluntarily designated for the expedited service tier under subsection (f), or upon the formal presentation of an active, independent trade remedy or customs revenue investigation authorization executed by an authorized enforcement agency.
(C) Department of agriculture.--
(i) Commodity limitation.--Data shared with the Department of Agriculture (including the Agricultural Marketing Service) shall be strictly limited to data, analysis, and predictive models directly regarding agricultural commodities, food products, forestry items, and related agricultural shipment flows.
(ii) Aggregation requirement.--Except as provided in clause (iii), all data accessed by or disseminated to the Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Marketing Service under this section shall--
(I) be strictly anonymized and aggregated; and
(II) exclude granular asset-level data and unmasked confidential business information across all participation tiers.
(iii) Proprietary cargo exception.--The commodity and aggregation constraints under clauses (i) and (ii) shall not apply to granular asset-level data or confidential business information strictly relevant to individual shipments where the Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Marketing Service is the shipper of record, exporter of record, or procuring agency.
(2) Prohibition on unilateral expansion.--To preserve the confidentiality of data collected by the Initiative, the Secretary may not share data, analysis, or predictive models derived from the Initiative with any Federal or State agency not described in paragraph (1)(A), including the Department of Justice, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of Labor, unless directed to do so by the President for the purposes of national defense during a declared national emergency.
(3) Permitted uses.--Data made available by the Secretary under this subsection may be used strictly and exclusively--
(A) to support national mobilization;
(B) to identify any country of concern or foreign entity subject to the jurisdiction, direction, or control of a country of concern, regardless of the destination of the applicable cargo;
(C) to facilitate lawful trade; and
(D) to detect anomalous transshipments or the routing of United States-bound cargo through contiguous foreign ports.
(4) Preservation of authorities.--Nothing in this subsection supersedes the independent authorities of the Department of Homeland Security or the Department of Commerce.
(5) Bi-directional exchange.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary of Homeland Security shall transmit to the Initiative the real-time disposition and release status of cargo, including Automated Export System clearances.
(B) Limited sharing of status.--The Secretary of Transportation may share a binary indication of this status with operational tier members, subject to the condition that no Department of Homeland Security targeting methodologies, inspection codes, or law enforcement sensitive information is disclosed to any non-Federal participant.
(i) Preservation of Information Protections and Prohibited Uses.--
(1) Exemption from disclosure.--Information submitted to or generated by the Initiative shall be--
(A) exempt from disclosure under section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code; and
(B) considered to be
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confidential information for purposes of section 1905 of title 18, United States Code, except as explicitly authorized for limited disclosure to operational tier members and participant tier members under subsection (g).
(2) Statistical confidentiality and enforcement prohibition.--No Federal agency may compel the production or use of data protected under this subsection to initiate civil or administrative enforcement against a submitting entity, including as evidence of violations of part A of subtitle IV of title 46, United States Code, or any regulation regarding detention and demurrage.
(3) Secondary use prohibition.--
(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), under no circumstances shall data derived from the Initiative be shared with any Federal, Tribal, or State agency for the purpose of enforcing civil, environmental, occupational safety, tax, revenue, or labor regulations.
(B) Exception.--Nothing in this paragraph prohibits the Department of Homeland Security or the Department of Commerce from utilizing data to investigate and enforce laws relating to trade remedies, customs revenue, illegal transnational freight diversion, or the evasion of border duties, subject to the condition that such data consists exclusively of--
(i) data voluntarily submitted for the expedited service tier under subsection (f); or
(ii) participant tier data unmasked strictly in accordance with the active, independent enforcement and investigation authorization conditions described in subsection (h)(1)(B)(ii).
(4) Workforce protection.--
(A) In general.--Data derived from the Initiative shall not be introduced by any Federal agency to intervene in labor disputes.
(B) Preservation of bargained frameworks.--Participation in the Initiative shall not be construed by any participant or Federal agency to alter, waive, or preempt any operational definitions, jurisdictional boundaries, or technology-adoption frameworks established under an existing collective bargaining agreement.
(C) Employer obligations.--Nothing in this section relieves, diminishes, or supersedes the contractual obligations of an employer to confer, disclose, or negotiate with exclusive bargaining representatives regarding operational workflows or the integration of digital data into terminal processes, as governed by an applicable collective bargaining agreement.
(D) Dispute resolution.--The transmission or receipt of predictive routing data and digital notifications under this section--
(i) shall be governed entirely by the existing dispute resolution procedures and operational parameters established within applicable collective bargaining agreements; and
(ii) shall not create new, independent statutory grounds for regulatory intervention or compulsory arbitration.
(E) Limitation on evaluative use.--
(i) In general.--The statutory purpose of the Initiative is strictly limited to predictive cargo routing and network forecasting and, therefore, no aggregated data products, predictive models, or operational metrics disseminated or output by the Initiative under this section may be utilized, extrapolated, or published by any participant or Federal agency to evaluate, benchmark, or audit the operational execution, personnel output, or comparative efficiency of particular marine terminals.
(ii) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subparagraph restricts, limits, or governs the use, analysis, or publication by a participant of its own native, proprietary operational data collected or maintained independently of the Initiative.
(5) Immunity from discovery and cyber liability.--
(A) Immunity from discovery.--Data submitted to the Initiative--
(i) shall be immune from legal process; and
(ii) shall not be subject to subpoena in any civil action.
(B) Cyber liability.--No cause of action shall lie against any participant for a cybersecurity incident reliably determined to have originated solely from the authorized connection to the Initiative.
(6) Limitations on targeting.--No Federal agency may use data from the Initiative to identify or target specific entities for independent audit or investigation in an attempt to circumvent the prohibitions under this subsection, except as explicitly authorized for the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Commerce under paragraph (3)(B).
(7) Preservation of independent jurisdiction.--Nothing in this subsection supersedes the independent statutory authority of the Federal Maritime Commission, the Surface Transportation Board, or the Department of Justice to compel the production of information through standard lawful subpoenas conducted entirely outside the mechanisms and data architecture of the Initiative.
(8) Data destruction.--The Secretary shall ensure that confidential business information received and maintained by the Initiative is destroyed or irreversibly anonymized not later than 2 years after the date on which the information is received by the Initiative.
(9) Expanded fluidity monitoring.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2), the Secretary may share anonymized and aggregated system-wide velocity metrics with the Federal Maritime Commission and the Surface
Transportation Board, subject to the conditions that--
(A) the aggregation prevents reverse-engineering; and
(B) no metric is shared until a minimum of 30 days has elapsed from the date of the transmittal to the Initiative of the information included in the metric.
(10) Exceptions for enforcement and bad actors.--The prohibitions under paragraph (2) shall not apply to--
(A) the investigation and enforcement of laws relating to trade remedies, customs revenue, transnational freight diversion, or the evasion of border duties under paragraph (3)(B); or
(B) any entity certified by the Secretary of Commerce as an entity subject to the jurisdiction, direction, or control of a country of concern engaging in economic coercion.
(j) Preservation of Data Containment and Antitrust Protocols.--
(1) Limitation on damages.--
(A) In general.--In any civil or criminal action under the antitrust laws of the United States, conduct strictly limited to sharing operational data directly with the Initiative under subsection (g)--
(i) shall not be deemed illegal per se; but
(ii) shall be judged on the basis of reasonableness.
(B) Clayton act exemption.--
(i) In general.--A participant adhering to the data sharing protocols established under paragraph (2) shall not be liable for treble damages under section 4 of the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 15) with respect to the receipt or use of operational data from the Initiative.
(ii) Good faith utilization requirement.--The exemption under clause (i) shall be strictly contingent on the good faith utilization of the applicable data, by the participant receiving that data, to actively facilitate the physical prioritization and block stowage of eligible cargo.
(iii) Pricing firewall.--The exemption under clause (i) shall not apply to--
(I) any agreement or data exchange regarding freight rates, surcharges, or contract terms; or
(II) direct, peer-to-peer exchange of proprietary capacity data outside the secure digital architecture of the Initiative.
(2) Protocol review and rebuttable presumption.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish data-sharing protocols for the Initiative.
(B) Consultation period.--Prior to finalizing data-sharing protocols for the Initiative, the Secretary shall consult with the Federal Maritime Commission, the Attorney General, and the Federal Trade Commission during a 60-day consultation period.
(C) Post-consultation.--On expiration of the 60-day consultation period under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall retain sole and final authority to approve and promulgate the data-sharing protocols for the Initiative.
(D) Effect of compliance.--A participant acting in good faith conformity with the data-sharing protocols established under this paragraph shall possess a statutory rebuttable presumption of legality.
(3) Competitive evaluation of the initiative.--
(A) In general.--Congress explicitly vests primary jurisdiction over the competitive evaluation of the Initiative with the Federal Maritime Commission.
(B) Consultation.--The Attorney General shall formally consult with the Federal Maritime Commission prior to initiating any enforcement action relating to the Initiative, including the data-sharing protocols established under paragraph (2).
(4) Savings provision for existing immunities.--
(A) In general.--Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to modify, diminish, restrict, or supersede the existing antitrust immunities, exemptions, or jurisdiction established under part A of subtitle IV of title 46, United States Code.
(B) Nature of limitations on liability.--The limitations on liability provided in this subsection--
(i) are additive to existing limitations on liability;
(ii) apply only to the digital transmission of data to the Initiative; and
(iii) do not affect any other commercial conduct, which shall be subject to existing statutory and regulatory enforcement.
(k) Relationship to Other Laws.--
(1) Limited statutory exemption.--Section 431 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1431) and section 11904 of title 49, United States Code, shall not prohibit the disclosure of specific data elements to participants strictly as described in this section.
(2) FACA exemption.--Chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code, shall not apply to any working group or task force established by the Secretary to refine the predictive models of the Initiative.
(3) Transfer of functions.--No data collected by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics under the Freight Logistics Optimization Works (FLOW) program prior to the date of enactment of this Act may be transferred to the Initiative without the explicit written consent of the submitting entity.
(l) Financial Sustainability and Fiscal Allocations.--
(1) Base funding.--
(A) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $22,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2032, of which up to $7,000,000 may be transferred to the Secretary of Homeland Security each fiscal year for the purposes described in paragraph (2).
(B) Limitation.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), amounts made available for the Initiative pursuant to this paragraph--
(i) shall be strictly limited to the actual, verifiable costs of administering the Initiative; and
(ii) shall not be utilized to cross-subsidize unrelated agency operations.
(C) Authorization of appropriations for subsequent years.--There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2033 and each fiscal year thereafter an amount equal to $22,000,000, adjusted annually for inflation since fiscal year 2032.
(2) DHS systems integration.--Any amounts transferred to the Secretary of Homeland Security under paragraph (1) shall be used--
(A) to support National Targeting Center (NTC) automated import and export cargo platforms; and
(B) to enable continued, long-term enhancements for--
(i) the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) system;
(ii) the CTPAT; and
(iii) the Vessel Entrance and Clearance System (VECS).
(m) Limitation.--The authority to carry out this section shall be subject to the availability of appropriations provided in advance for such purpose.
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SA 6641. Mr. JOHNSON submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (8,071 characters)
At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SEC. ___. APPROPRIATIONS FOR PAY AND ALLOWANCES OF FEDERAL
EMPLOYEES, CONTRACT EMPLOYEES, AND MEMBERS OF
THE UNIFORMED SERVICES.
(a) Definitions.--In this section--
(1) the term "agency"--
(A) means each authority of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States; and
(B) includes each element of the District of Columbia public employer, as defined in section 1341(c) of title 31, United States Code;
(2) the term "covered contractor" means a contractor--
(A) with which an agency has a contract; and
(B) that, under the contract described in subparagraph (A)--
(i) provides support to an employee described in paragraph (3)(A); and
(ii) is required to perform work during a lapse in regular appropriations with respect to the agency to which the contractor provides support, as described in clause (i), based on a determination by the head of that agency that incurring an obligation to pay for that support in advance of available appropriations would be permissible under applicable law, including section 1341 of title 31, United States Code;
(3) the term "covered employee"--
(A) means each employee of an agency, without regard to whether, for any portion of the period beginning on October 1, 2025, and ending on the date of enactment of this Act--
(i) the head of that agency determined that the individual was an excepted employee or an employee performing emergency work; or
(ii) the individual was subject to furlough;
(B) includes--
(i) a member of the uniformed services on active duty; and
(ii) a member of a reserve component who, during a lapse in regular appropriations with respect to the applicable agency, performs active service or inactive duty training; and
(C) only includes an individual described in subparagraph (A) or (B) who was an employee or member on, or had accepted an offer of employment with the agency or had enlisted in or accepted an appointment to the uniformed services (including a reserve component) on or before, the day before the date on which the applicable lapse in regular appropriations began;
(4) the term "lapse in regular appropriations", with respect to an agency, means any period during which interim or full-year appropriations for the applicable fiscal year are not in effect for the agency; and
(5) the term "standard employee compensation" means, with respect to a covered employee, the standard rate of basic pay, allowances, pay differentials, benefits, and other payments otherwise payable on a regular basis to the covered employee.
(b) Appropriations.--
(1) In general.--For fiscal year 2027, and any fiscal year thereafter, for any lapse in regular appropriations with respect to an agency, there are appropriated to the head of the agency, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as are necessary to provide--
(A) standard employee compensation to covered employees of the agency with respect to the period of the lapse in regular appropriations; and
(B) payment to covered contractors with respect to work that those covered contractors are required to perform for the agency during the period of the lapse in regular appropriations, pursuant to the terms of applicable contracts with those covered contractors.
(2) Agency requirement.--The head of each agency to whom amounts are made available under paragraph (1) shall provide standard employee compensation to covered employees of the agency--
(A) if there is a lapse in regular appropriations ongoing on the date of enactment of this Act, as soon as is practicable, but not later than 7 days after the date of enactment of this Act, without regard to--
(i) scheduled pay dates; or
(ii) whether the covered employee was subject to furlough during such period; and
(B) with respect to any period of a lapse in regular appropriations beginning on or after the date of enactment of this Act, on the regularly scheduled pay dates of the covered employees.
(c) Termination.--Appropriations and funds made available and authority granted under subsection (b) shall be available to the head of an agency until whichever of the following first occurs:
(1) The enactment into law of appropriations for the agency until the end of the applicable fiscal year (including a continuing appropriation) that provide amounts for the purposes for which amounts are made available under subsection (b).
(2) The enactment into law of appropriations for the agency until the end of the applicable fiscal year (including a continuing appropriation) without any appropriation for such purposes.
(d) Limitation to Individuals Affected by a Shutdown.--Amounts provided under subsection (b) may not be used for a purpose described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (b)(1) for any portion of a lapse in regular appropriations for which a covered employee is provided with standard employee compensation, or a covered contractor is provided payment for performance of the applicable contract, respectively, using amounts other than amounts provided under subsection (b).
(e) Interim Continuing Appropriations.--Appropriations made available under subsection (b) may not be obligated by the head of an agency during any period during which continuing appropriations for the purposes for which amounts are made available under subsection (b) are in effect for the agency.
(f) Charging to Future Appropriations.--Expenditures made pursuant to subsection (b) shall be charged to the applicable appropriation, fund, or authorization whenever an Act in which such applicable appropriation, fund, or authorization is included is enacted into law.
(g) Limitation on Transfer Authority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including any appropriation Act), the amounts provided under subsection (b)--
(1) shall be available solely for a purpose described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (b)(1); and
(2) may not be transferred, reprogrammed, obligated, or expended for any other purpose.
(h) Terms and Conditions.--For fiscal year 2027, and each fiscal year thereafter, standard employee compensation, and payments to covered contractors, provided by an agency using amounts provided under subsection (b) shall be subject to the requirements, authorities, conditions, and limitations applicable with respect to the provision of standard employee compensation, or payment to covered contractors, respectively, by the agency under the Act that provided appropriations for the agency to provide standard employee compensation, or payment to covered contractors, respectively, immediately before the lapse in regular appropriations.
(i) Authorization to Obligate and Expend Funds.--Funds appropriated by this section may be obligated and expended notwithstanding section 15 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2680) and section 504(a)(1) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3094(a)(1)).
(j) Rules of Construction.--
(1) Standard employee compensation.--This section shall be construed to provide each covered employee with standard employee compensation for the period of the lapse in regular appropriations as if the covered employee was performing the duties of the covered employee during the lapse in regular appropriations.
(2) No change in agency responsibilities.--Nothing in this section may be construed to require an agency to take any action that the agency is not required to take under the terms of a contract with a covered contractor during any period during which there is not a lapse in regular appropriations.
(k) Agency Activities.--
(1) In general.--Covered employees and employees of covered contractors shall perform their typical duties to the maximum extent practicable during a lapse in regular appropriations.
(2) Other obligations or expenditures.--This section does not authorize or necessarily imply that an agency or employee may incur any obligations or expenditures that are not explicitly authorized by this section.
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SA 6642. Mr. TILLIS (for himself, Mrs. Shaheen, and Ms. Duckworth) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (2,438 characters)
At the end of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1281. STRATEGY FOR UNITED STATES-NATO INTEGRATED
TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION.
(a) In General.--In designing, procuring, or deploying cyber and digital warfighting capabilities for, and in coordination with, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense shall seek--
(1) to advance solutions that promote collaboration and interoperability with respect to the cyber and digital systems of the United States and of NATO allies; and
(2) to ensure that artificial intelligence-guided systems operated by the United States and NATO allies recognize each other and work together in joint operations.
(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that contains the following:
(1) A strategy to maintain integrated cyber and digital technology solutions for NATO capabilities, incorporating cyber, artificial intelligence, and digital systems from United States vendors and vendors of NATO allies.
(2) A description of efforts made, during the reporting period, to implement subsection (a).
(3) A description of the national security risks posed by disintegrated, non-interoperable cyber, artificial intelligence, and digital technology solutions to the United States and NATO allies.
SEC. 1282. REPORT ON UNITED STATES WEAPONS SALES TO NATO.
(a) In General.--Not later than February 1 of each year, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to Congress a report on United States weapons sales and transfers to NATO, as an organization, and to each member country of NATO during the preceding calendar year.
(b) Elements.--Each report required by subsection (a) shall include--
(1) the information required by section 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2415); and
(2) a description of--
(A) any sale authorized pursuant to sections 21 or 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2761; 2778);
(B) any transfer pursuant to the authority of section 333 of title 10, United States Code; and
(C) any transfer pursuant to section 516 of the Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2321j).
(c) Form.--Each report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form.
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SA 6643. Mrs. MOODY submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (9,802 characters)
At the end of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Space Ready 2.0 Act".
SEC. 1095. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Administration.--The term "Administration" means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(2) Administrator.--The term "Administrator" means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(3) Common use infrastructure.--The term "common use infrastructure"--
(A) means any infrastructure that benefits 1 or more NASA Center users;
(B) includes roadways and commodities pipelines and portions of roadways and commodities pipelines; and
(C) does not include any infrastructure that solely benefits the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(4) NASA.--The term "NASA" means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(5) Project.--The term "project" means any work performed in support of a common activity or infrastructure effort under 1 or more common use infrastructure agreements entered into pursuant to this subtitle, regardless of whether such work is conducted pursuant to a single agreement or multiple separate agreements with different commercial entities.
SEC. 1096. PILOT PROGRAM FOR INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS AT
NASA CENTERS.
(a) Pilot Program.--The Administrator may conduct a pilot program for private and public investment in specific infrastructure projects at 1 or more NASA Centers.
(b) Agreements in Support of Common Use Infrastructure Projects.--
(1) Funding.--
(A) Voluntary infrastructure contributions.--The Administrator may enter into agreements under section 20113(e) of title 51, United States Code, involving transactions that support public and commercial activities at 1 or more NASA Centers, and such agreements may include the authority to collect voluntary infrastructure contributions to fund specific capital repair, maintenance, and improvement projects described in paragraph (2), but no contribution may be collected or accepted, and no agreement authorizing the collection of such contributions may be executed, except to the extent and in such amounts as provided in advance in an appropriations Act. Any contributions so collected shall be available only to the extent and in such amounts as provided in advance in appropriations Acts, and shall be subject to the same purposes, terms, and conditions as amounts otherwise appropriated to the account.
(B) Transparency.--
(i) Cost and schedule estimates.--In any agreement that includes the means for voluntary contributions described in this section, the Administrator shall establish a reasonable cost and schedule baseline for each project.
(ii) Project completion.--At the conclusion of each designated project, the Administrator shall provide each contributing commercial entity with a final project cost, including a breakdown of cost sharing between government and commercial entities.
(C) Project costs and timelines.--The Administrator shall--
(i) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the projects described in this section are completed within the cost estimates and timelines established under subparagraph (B)(i); and
(ii) exercise streamlined acquisition procedures to the maximum extent allowed by law.
(D) Cost-sharing.--The Administrator shall ensure that any agreement entered into with a commercial entity under subparagraph (A) provides that, at the conclusion of the project, any funds contributed by the commercial entity that remain unexpended shall be returned to such entity in proportion to the amount originally contributed by the partner.
(E) Nonconditioning of agreements.--The Administrator shall not withhold execution of any agreement under section 20113(e) of title 51, United States Code, or deny a lease or other authorization for commercial activities on the basis of a failure to reach agreement on the amount or terms of contributions described in this section.
(F) Requirements with respect to agreements.--Each agreement entered into with a commercial entity under subparagraph (A) shall, on a case-by-case basis--
(i) address the terms of use, ownership, and disposition of the funds, services, or equipment contributed pursuant to the agreement;
(ii) include a provision that the commercial entity will not recover the costs of its contribution through any other agreement with the United States; and
(iii) include a provision that mutually determines which entity covers costs in the event of cost overruns or project delays.
(G) CECR funds.--
(i) In general.--As provided in advance in appropriations Acts, the Administrator is authorized to use amounts otherwise made available within the Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration account to fulfill the obligations entered into by the Administrator under agreements pursuant to this section.
(ii) Receipt of funds.--Contributions may be collected only as provided in subparagraph (A). Private contributions deposited into the Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration account shall be available only to the extent and in such amounts as provided in advance in appropriations Acts, and shall be subject to the same purposes, terms, and conditions as amounts otherwise appropriated to the account.
(H) Contributions from other entities.--The Administrator may enter into agreements for voluntary contributions from other entities, including Federal, State, or local authorities, for the purpose of funding projects.
(I) Direct agreements.--
(i) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subtitle may be construed to restrict the Administrator from entering into direct agreements under section 20113(e) of title 51, United States Code, with entities to perform work within a NASA Center separate from the activities funded through projects.
(ii) Prioritization.--The Administrator shall prioritize such direct agreements in instances in which required work would be completed more expeditiously or at a lower cost than through the pilot program described in this section.
(iii) Direct contributions.--The Administrator may make direct financial or in-kind contributions to projects undertaken by commercial entities under agreements entered into under clause (i), as the Administrator considers appropriate to support common use infrastructure at a NASA Center.
(2) Use of funds.--
(A) In general.--Contributions proffered by entities under agreements in support of projects shall be used by the Administrator to conduct capital repairs, maintenance, and improvements to NASA-owned infrastructure at a NASA Center, as the Administrator considers necessary to support activities conducted under agreements entered into under section 20113(e) of title 51, United States Code, which may include renovation, rehabilitation, sustainment, demolition, construction, operation, maintenance, repair, enhancement, expansion, and modernization of NASA-owned infrastructure at a NASA Center.
(B) Consultation.--The Administrator shall consult and partner with other Federal, State, and local public entities--
(i) to ensure that such projects are not duplicative; and
(ii) to identify opportunities for projects to provide increased capability or capacity to users.
(C) Treatment of improvements.--Improvements made to NASA-owned infrastructure at a NASA Center with amounts made available under a voluntary agreements under this section shall be property of the United States, unless the Administrator determines that transferring ownership of such improvements would be in the best interests of the United States.
(D) Unexpended contributions.--For any voluntary contributions from a commercial entity designated to a specific project that are not fully expended on that project within 90 days of the project becoming operational, the Administrator shall, at the election of the contributing commercial entity--
(i) refund the unexpended portion to the entity; or
(ii) allow the commercial entity to redesignate the funds to another eligible project under this subsection.
(3) Annual report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on projects conducted under this section that includes the following:
(A) For the preceding calendar year, the total amount of expenditures on projects by NASA and industry.
(B) The proposed uses of amounts contributed by NASA and industry for the operating plans of the Administration.
(C) Additional recommendations for efforts to streamline or reduce costs for each agreed upon project described in this section.
(4) Updates.--Not less frequently than every 2 years, the Administrator, in collaboration with commercial entities, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives interim milestone updates relating to the pilot program under this section.
(5) Termination.--
(A) In general.--The authority to collect voluntary contributions under paragraph (1)(A) shall terminate on December 31, 2031.
(B) Rule of construction.--The termination under subparagraph (A) of the authority to collect voluntary contributions may not be construed to otherwise affect the validity or terms of agreements under section 20113(e) of title 51, United States Code, or the retention or use by the Administration of proceeds from such agreements.
(6) Prohibition on new budget authority.--Nothing in this subtitle may be construed to provide new budget authority to incur obligations in advance of appropriations.
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SA 6644. Mr. TILLIS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (814 characters)
At the appropriate place in subtitle G of title X, insert the following:
SEC. 10__. AMENDMENT TO REGULATIONS EXEMPTING ENGINES/
EQUIPMENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY.
Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall revise the regulations under section 1068.225 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), to specify that an engine or equipment is exempt under that section without a request described in that section if the engine or equipment--
(1) is for a marine vessel;
(2) has a rated horsepower of 60 or less; and
(3) will be owned by a Federal, State, or local emergency response or public safety agency responsible for domestic response or homeland security activities.
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SA 6645. Mr. TILLIS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (9,187 characters)
At the end of title X, add the following:
Subtitle H--Judicial Space and Facilities Management Effectiveness Act of 2026
SEC. 1095. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Judicial Space and Facilities Management Effectiveness Act of 2026".
SEC. 1096. PILOT PROGRAM FOR TRANSFER OF CERTAIN JUDICIAL
BRANCH ACCOMMODATIONS AND AUTHORITY OF THE
DIRECTOR.
(a) In General.--Chapter 41 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 604 the following:
"Sec. 604A. Pilot program for transfer of jurisdiction,
custody, and control of certain judicial branch
accommodations to the Director; authority of the Director
"(a) Definitions.--In this section:
"(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the Administrator of General Services.
"(2) Alter.--The term `alter' includes--
"(A) preliminary planning, engineering, architectural, legal, fiscal, and economic investigations and studies, conducting surveys, preparing designs, plans, working drawings, specifications, and procedures, and other similar actions necessary for the alteration of any space or facility; and
"(B) repairing, remodeling, improving, extending, or making any other change in any space or facility.
"(3) Construct.--The term `construct' includes preliminary planning, engineering, architectural, legal, fiscal, and economic investigations and studies, conducting surveys, preparing designs, plans, working drawings, specifications, and procedures, and any other similar action necessary for the construction of any space or facility.
"(4) Court accommodation.--The term `court accommodation' includes--
"(A) the chambers and courtrooms of the Judiciary (other than the Supreme Court of the United States); and
"(B) accommodations for all court-related functions and for probation offices, pretrial service offices, Federal Public Defender Organizations, the United States Sentencing Commission, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, and any other administrative or clerical personnel associated with the Judiciary.
"(5) Director.--The term `Director' means the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts.
"(6) Facility; building.--The terms `facility' or `building' mean any building or other structure, including its grounds, approaches, appurtenances, and parking spaces, or any part thereof.
"(7) Federal agency; property.--The terms `Federal agency' and `property' have the meanings given the terms `federal agency' and `property', respectively, in section 102 of title 40.
"(8) Pilot program.--The term `pilot program' means the program of all real property, to include federally owned property and leases, in up to 10 judicial districts and the Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, where jurisdiction, custody, and control have been transferred to the Director
"(9) Public building.--The term `public building' has the meaning given the term in section 3301(a) of title 40.
"(10) Space.--The term `space' means any interest, whether fee simple or otherwise, in real property, including land, buildings, structures, or parts thereof.
"(b) Limit to Pilot Program.--This section shall only apply to the pilot program.
"(c) Authority of Director.--The Director is authorized to establish a Judiciary Buildings Service under the direction of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts to--
"(1) acquire, by purchase, condemnation, donation, exchange, transfer, or otherwise, any space or facility that the Director determines to be necessary for the provision of court accommodations;
"(2) manage and operate any space or facility described in paragraph (1);
"(3) alter any space or facility that is acquired under the authority of this section as the Director determines is necessary for the provision of court accommodations;
"(4) acquire and exercise any option for the acquisition or lease of any land or an interest in land as the Director determines is necessary for the provision of court accommodations;
"(5) construct such facilities as the Director determines is necessary for the provision of court accommodations;
"(6) lease, or acquire and exercise any option for the acquisition of a lease, any space or facility as the Director deems necessary for the provision of court accommodations and manage that lease;
"(7) outlease space;
"(8) contract for utility services;
"(9) secure facilities in coordination with the United States Marshals Service and the Federal Protective Service;
"(10) provide by contract or otherwise for the provision of amenities, such as childcare, cafeterias, physical fitness centers, credit unions, and others, to serve tenants and, if appropriate, the public;
"(11) pay rent and make repairs, alterations, and improvements under the terms of a lease for court accommodations entered into by, or transferred to, the Director;
"(12) pay ground rent for buildings owned by the Federal Government or occupied by Federal agencies, and pay rent in advance for leased property if required by law or if the Director determines that advance payment is in the interest of the Judiciary; and
"(13) perform such other duties as necessary to implement this section.
"(d) Delegation of Authority.--The Director may delegate any authority authorized by this section. The Director may authorize successive redelegation of authority as permitted by this section.
"(e) Architectural, Engineering, and Construction Services.--The Director is authorized to employ, by contract or otherwise, the services of architectural, engineering, and construction firms, corporations, or individuals, to the extent the Director may require such services for any space or facility authorized to be constructed or altered under this section.
"(f) Operation and Maintenance.--The Director is authorized to employ, by contract or otherwise, the services of corporations, firms, or individuals for the operation and maintenance of any building under the jurisdiction, custody, and control of the Director, to the extent the Director may require such services.
"(g) Construction.--
"(1) Replacement of existing buildings.--If the Director considers it to be in the best interest of the Judiciary to construct a new space or facility to take the place of an existing space or facility, the Director may demolish the existing building and use the site on which it is located for the site of the proposed space or facility. If the Director believes that it is more advantageous to construct the space or facility on a different site in the same city, town, or other municipality, the Director may exchange the building and site, or the site, for another site, or may transfer the building and site.
"(2) Exchange or transfer of sites.--If the Director determines that a site acquired for the construction of a space or facility is not suitable for that purpose, the Director may--
"(A) exchange the site for another site; or
"(B) declare the site to be excess and transfer the site to the Administrator.
"(3) Construction or alteration by contract or otherwise.--The Administrator may carry out a construction or alteration authorized by this section by contract if the Director considers it to be most advantageous to the Government.
"(h) Leasing.--
"(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), a lease agreement under this section shall be on terms the Director considers to be in the best interest of the judicial branch and necessary for the accommodation of the Judiciary.
"(2) Limitations.--
"(A) Term.--A lease agreement under this section may not bind the Government for more than 20 years.
"(B) Obligation.--The obligation of amounts for a lease under this section is limited to the current fiscal year for which payments are due, without regard to section 1341(a)(1)(B) of title 31.
"(i) Transfer of Court Accommodations.--
"(1) In general.--The Administrator shall not transfer, dispose of, or close any court accommodation without obtaining the prior consent of the Director.
"(2) Transfer.--
"(A) In general.--Upon request of the Director, and consistent with the implementation provisions under section 5 of the Judicial Space and Facilities Management Effectiveness Act of 2026, the Administrator shall transfer to the Director the jurisdiction, custody, and control of any requested real property owned or leased by the United States, and any lease of real property made on behalf of the United States, that is occupied by the judicial branch and critical to the constitutional mission of the Judiciary.
"(B) Terms.--With respect to any transfer under subparagraph (A)--
"(i) the transfer shall be nonreimbursable; and
"(ii) after completion of the transfer, the Director shall be responsible for performing all building functions for the applicable real property and to pay the costs of performing such building functions instead of paying rent for that space to the Administrator.
"(j) Request for Space or Services to Be Provided by the Administrator.--
"(1) In general.--The Director may request that the Administrator provide, acquire, or maintain such court accommodations as may be required by the Judiciary.
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Upon such a request of the Director, the Administrator shall provide and maintain such court accommodations.
"(2) Multitenant facilities.--If court accommodations are provided under this subsection by the Administrator in a multitenant facility, the Administrator shall give priority to providing court accommodations in contiguous space.
"(3) Alterations.--Consistent with regulatory requirements and leasing responsibilities of the General Services Administration, the Administrator shall endeavor to provide such reasonable alterations to court accommodations provided under this subsection as shall be requested and financed by the Director.
"(4) Transfer.--The Director may transfer jurisdiction, custody, and control or leasehold interest of any space or facility acquired by the Director to the Administrator for the provision or maintenance of court accommodations.
"(5) Disposal.--The Director may identify and transfer to the Administrator for disposal, pursuant to section 542 of title 40, any real property under the jurisdiction, custody, and control of the Director, as the Director determines necessary.
"(6) Funding requests.--The Administrator shall--
"(A) provide the Director, on a nonreimbursable basis, information requested by the Director that assists the Director in the development of funding requests by the Director, including information regarding prospectus-level repair and alteration projects; and
"(B) with respect to a project for which the Director does not request funds, request funds in accordance with otherwise applicable law.
"(7) Operation and management.--The Administrator shall provide the Director secure access to systems, databases, and information used to operate and manage Federal buildings accommodating the Judiciary, including building automation and control systems, real property inventories and data, personal property inventories and data, work order management systems, document archives, drawings, studies, and contracting files.
"(k) Approval of Proposed Projects by Congress.--
"(1) Resolutions required before appropriations may be made.--
"(A) Construction, purchase, and acquisition.--No appropriation shall be used to construct, purchase, or acquire any space or facility to be used as a court accommodation which involves a total expenditure in excess of $10,000,000, adjusted annually for inflation, if such construction, purchase, or acquisition has not been approved by resolutions adopted by the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
"(B) Alteration.--No appropriation shall be used to alter any space or facility, or part thereof, which is under lease by the Director if the cost of such alteration would exceed $5,000,000, adjusted annually for inflation, unless such alteration has been approved by resolutions adopted by the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
"(C) Transmission to congress of prospectus.--For the purpose of securing consideration for such approval, the Director shall transmit to the Congress a prospectus of the proposed construction, purchase, acquisition, or alteration, including the items set forth in paragraph (3) of this subsection that are relevant to the proposal.
"(2) Lease resolutions required before appropriations may be made.--
"(A) In general.--No appropriation shall be used to lease any space or facility for a permanent court accommodation which involves an average annual expenditure in excess of $10,000,000, adjusted annually for inflation, if such lease has not been approved by resolutions adopted by the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
"(B) Transmission to congress of prospectus and statement.--For the purpose of securing consideration for such approval, the Director shall transmit to the Congress--
"(i) a prospectus of the proposed space or facility including the items set forth in paragraph (3) of this subsection that are relevant to the proposal; and
"(ii) a written statement by the Director setting forth the reasons why leasing such space or facility is necessary to meet requirements which cannot be met in public buildings.
"(3) Transmission to congress of prospectus of proposed project.--To secure consideration for the approval referred to in paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection, the Director shall transmit to Congress a prospectus of the proposed space or facility, including--
"(A) a brief description of the space or facility to be constructed, altered, purchased, or acquired or the space to be leased;
"(B) the location of the space or facility to be leased and an estimate of the maximum cost to the Federal Government of the facility to be constructed, altered, purchased, or acquired, or the space to be leased;
"(C) a comprehensive plan for providing space for all officers and employees of the judicial branch in the locality of the proposed facility or the space to be leased, having due regard for suitable space which may continue to be available in existing Federal Government-owned or occupied buildings, especially those buildings that enhance the architectural, historical, social, cultural, and economic environment of the locality;
"(D) with respect to any project for the construction, alteration, or acquisition of any facility, a statement by the Director that suitable alternative space already owned or leased by the Federal Government in proximity to the location chosen for such court accommodation is not available and that suitable rental space is not available at a price commensurate with that to be afforded through the proposed action;
"(E) a statement of rents and other housing costs currently being paid by the Federal Government for Federal agencies to be housed in the facility to be constructed, altered, or acquired, or the space to be leased;
"(F) with respect to any prospectus for the construction, alteration, or acquisition of any facility or space to be leased, an estimate of the future energy performance of the facility or space and a specific description of the use of energy efficient and renewable energy systems, including photovoltaic systems, in carrying out the project;
"(G) a statement of how the proposed project is consistent with the standards and criteria developed under section 11(b) of the Federal Assets Sale and Transfer Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-287; 130 Stat. 1468);
"(H) information on any space occupied by the judicial branch in the geographical area of the proposed facility, including uses, any proposed consolidations, and, if not proposed to be consolidated, a justification for such determination; and
"(I) a statement by the Director of whether the facility needs of the judicial branch for the proposed space to be leased were formerly met by a Federally-owned building, including any building identified for disposal or sale.
"(4) Increase of estimated maximum cost.--The estimated maximum cost of any project approved under this subsection as set forth in any prospectus may be increased by an amount equal to any percentage increase, as determined by the Director, in construction or alteration costs from the date the prospectus is transmitted to Congress. The increase authorized by this paragraph may not exceed 10 percent of the estimated maximum cost. The Director shall notify, in writing, the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of any increase of more than 5 percent of an estimated maximum cost or of any increase or decrease in the scope or size of a project of 5 or more percent. Such notification shall include an explanation regarding any such increase or decrease. The scope or size of a project shall not increase or decrease by more than 10 percent unless an amended prospectus is submitted and approved pursuant to this section.
"(5) Rescissions of approval.--If an appropriation is not made within 1 year after the date a project for construction, purchase, alteration, or acquisition is approved under paragraph (1), the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate or the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives by resolution may rescind its approval before an appropriation is made.
"(6) Emergency leases by the director.--The Director may enter into emergency leases during any period declared by the President to require emergency leasing authority. An emergency lease may not be for more than 180 days without approval of a prospectus for the lease in accordance with paragraph (2).
"(7) Minimum performance requirements for leased space.--With respect to space to be leased, the Director shall include, to the maximum extent practicable, minimum performance requirements requiring energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy.
"(8) Dollar amount adjustment.--The Director annually may adjust any dollar amount referred to in this section to reflect a percentage increase or decrease in construction costs during the prior calendar year, as determined by the composite index of construction costs of the Department of Commerce. Any adjustment shall be expeditiously reported to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
"(9) Notification requirement.--For each project approved under this subsection, the Director shall notify, in writing, the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of any project milestones that are accomplished, including--
"(A) the solicitation and award of design and construction services;
"(B) the completion of any actions required for the project pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C.
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4321 et seq.);
"(C) any ceremonies for the beginning or completion of the project;
"(D) a naming ceremony for the project; and
"(E) the completion of the project.
"(10) Expiration of committee resolutions.--Unless a lease is awarded or a construction, purchase, alteration, repair, design, or acquisition project is initiated on or before the date that is 5 years after the resolution of approval is adopted by the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2), as applicable, the resolutions shall be deemed expired.
"(l) Judicial Space and Facilities Management Fund.--
"(1) Fund.--
"(A) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the `Judicial Space and Facilities Management Fund' (in this subsection referred to as the `Space and Facilities Fund').
"(B) Deposits.--There shall be deposited in the Judicial Space and Facilities Fund the following:
"(i) Transfers of amounts made available in the annual appropriations Act for the Judiciary that are available for the activities described in paragraph (3) in such amounts as determined by the Director.
"(ii) Advances or reimbursements from any entity in the judicial branch for the activities and services described in paragraph (3).
"(iii) Advances and reimbursements obtained pursuant to subsection (l) of this section and section 6506(a) of title 40.
"(iv) Such other funds as Congress may appropriate to the Space and Facilities Fund from time to time, including funds appropriated for projects approved pursuant to subsection (j).
"(C) Availability.--Amounts deposited in the Space and Facilities Fund shall be available until expended without further appropriation for the purposes set forth in this subsection.
"(2) Transfer of deposits.--The Director--
"(A) may transfer not more than $1,000,000 in a fiscal year from the Space and Facilities Fund into the fund or account from which the funds were originally appropriated; and
"(B) if, not later than 15 days before the date of the transfer, the Director provides notice to the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, may transfer more than $1,000,000 in a fiscal year from the Space and Facilities Fund into the fund or account from which the funds were originally appropriated.
"(3) Use of the space and facilities fund.--The Space and Facilities Fund shall be available for the acquisition, alteration, construction, and management of space and facilities and related activities, including--
"(A) the acquisition of space and facilities for court accommodations;
"(B) the lease of space or facilities for court accommodations;
"(C) the construction or alteration of facilities under the jurisdiction, custody, and control of the Director;
"(D) the maintenance of space under the jurisdiction, custody, and control of the Director;
"(E) the management, overhead costs, and information technology requirements associated with the acquisition, construction, lease, maintenance, or management of space under the jurisdiction, custody, and control of the Director; and
"(F) the provision of furniture, fixtures, and equipment.
"(4) Reimbursement of the general services administration.--Amounts deposited into the Space and Facilities Fund shall also be available for rent and reimbursement to the General Services Administration for court accommodations provided, altered, or maintained by the General Services Administration.
"(5) Plan for meeting space and facilities management needs.--The Director shall--
"(A) develop and annually revise, with the approval of the Judicial Conference of the United States, a long-range plan for meeting the space and facilities management needs of the activities funded under this subsection; and
"(B) submit each plan under subparagraph (A) to--
"(i) the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate; and
"(ii) the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
"(m) Use of Space and Facilities.--
"(1) Excess space.--The Director is authorized to make available excess space in all facilities under the jurisdiction, custody, and control of the Director to entities not in the judicial branch on a reimbursable or nonreimbursable basis, as determined appropriate by the Director.
"(2) Federal agencies.--
"(A) In general.--The Director is authorized to charge Federal agencies, and Federal agencies are authorized to pay, by advance or reimbursement, a reasonable rate for administering the space and other improvements (including the cost of operation, maintenance, rehabilitation, security, administrative overhead, and structural, mechanical, and domestic care) furnished to Federal agencies.
"(B) Amount.--Charges under subparagraph (A) shall not exceed the actual costs incurred by the Director for the furnishing of such space and other improvements, including a charge for the depreciation and future capital upgrades and replacements.
"(3) Outleased space.--The Director is authorized to charge a reasonable rate for outleased space, with the amount to be determined by the Director and the entity.
"(n) Reimbursement of Administrator.--The Director shall pay rent and reimburse the Administrator for court accommodations provided or maintained by the General Services Administration at rates to be negotiated with the Director, but in no case shall such rates exceed the actual costs incurred by the General Services Administration for the provision of the court accommodation.
"(o) Audit Requirements.--
"(1) In general.--In accordance with section 604(a)(11), the Director shall audit the vouchers and transactions of the Space and Facilities Fund.
"(2) Independent certified public accounting firm.--Audits under paragraph (1) shall be performed by an independent certified public accounting firm.
"(3) Reports.--
"(A) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which an audit under this subsection is complete, the Director shall submit to Congress a report on the audit.
"(B) Access of federal agencies.--Any Federal agency occupying space within a Judiciary controlled property shall have access to the a report submitted under subparagraph (A) audit reports for that property upon request.
"(p) Federal Regulatory Requirements.--If the Director acquires, constructs, leases, alters, or maintains any court accommodations, whether by contract or otherwise, the Director shall comply with statutory and regulatory provisions which are applicable to all public buildings or which otherwise are applicable to all Federal agencies, including the judicial branch.
"(q) Application of Requirements.--The Judiciary Buildings Service shall be subject to the compliance, financial reporting, and fraud, waste, and abuse requirements of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts.
"(r) Judicial Conference of the United States Supervision and Direction.--The Director shall administer all authorities under this section under the supervision and direction of the Judicial Conference of the United States.".
(b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 41 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 604 the following:
"604A. Transfer of jurisdiction, custody, and control of certain judicial branch accommodations to the Director; authority of the Director.".
SEC. 1097. THURGOOD MARSHALL FEDERAL JUDICIARY BUILDING.
(a) In General.--Chapter 65 of title 40, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in section 6501--
(A) in the section heading, by striking "Definition" and inserting "Definitions";
(B) by striking "this chapter, the term" and inserting the following: "this chapter--
"(1) the term";
(C) by striking the period at the end and inserting "; and"; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
"(2) the term `Director' means the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts or the designee of the Director, except that when there is a vacancy in the office of the Director, the Acting Director or, in the absence of the Acting Director, the Deputy Director shall be deemed to be the Director for purposes of this chapter until the vacancy is filled.";
(2) in section 6502--
(A) in subsection (b)(2), by inserting ", as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Judicial Space and Facilities Management Effectiveness Act of 2026," after "section 6504 of this title"; and
(B) by striking subsection (g) and inserting the following:
"(g) Accounting System.--The Director shall maintain an accounting system for operation and maintenance of the Building and other improvements which will allow accurate projections of the dates and cost of major repairs, improvements, reconstructions, and replacements of the Building and improvements and other capital expenditures on the Building and improvements.";
(3) by striking sections 6503 and 6504;
(4) by redesignating section 6505 as section 6503;
(5) in section 6503, as so redesignated--
(A) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
"(a) Transfer of Jurisdiction.--
"(1) In general.--Effective on the date that is 181 days after the date of enactment of the Judicial Space and Facilities Management Effectiveness Act of 2026, the jurisdiction, custody, and control of the Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building shall be transferred to the Director.
"(2) Terms.--The transfer under paragraph (1) shall be nonreimbursable.
"(3) Responsibility.--After completion of the transfer under paragraph (1), the Director shall be responsible for performing all building functions relating to the Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building and to pay the costs thereof."; and
(B) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
"(3) Reimbursement.--The Director shall transfer from the Judicial Space and Facilities Management Fund established under section 604A(l) of title 28 amounts necessary to reimburse the United States Capitol Police for expenses incurred in providing exterior security under this subsection. The Capitol Police may accept amounts the Director transfers under this paragraph.
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Those amounts shall be credited to the appropriation account charged by the Capitol Police in carrying out security duties.";
(6) by redesignating section 6506 as section 6504;
(7) in section 6504, as so redesignated, by striking subsections (a) though (f), and inserting the following:
"(a) Priority.--
"(1) Judicial branch.--Subject to this section, the Director may make available to the judicial branch of the Federal Government all space in the Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building and other improvements constructed under this chapter.
"(2) Other federal governmental entities.--The Director may make available, on a reimbursable basis, to Federal Government entities which are not part of the judicial branch, and which are not staff of Members of Congress or congressional committees, any space in the Building and other improvements that the Director decides is not needed by the judicial branch.
"(3) Other persons.--If any space remains, the Director may sublease it to any person, pursuant to subsection (d).
"(b) Space for Judicial Branch and Other Federal Governmental Entities.--Space made available under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) is subject to--
"(1) terms and conditions necessary to carry out the objectives of this chapter; and
"(2) reimbursement at an appropriate rental rate established by the Director based on square foot of occupiable space plus an amount necessary to pay each year for the cost of administering the Building and other improvements (including the cost of operation, maintenance, rehabilitation, security, administrative overhead, and structural, mechanical, and domestic care) that is attributable to the space, with the amount to be determined by the Director and, in the case of any Federal Governmental entity not a part of the judicial branch, the entity.
"(c) Space for Judicial Branch.--
"(1) In general.--The Director may assign space made available to the judicial branch under subsection (a)(1) among offices of the judicial branch as the Director considers appropriate.
"(2) Vacating occupied space.--When the Chief Justice notifies the Director that the judicial branch requires additional space in the Building and other improvements, the Director shall accommodate those requirements within 90 days after the date of the notification, except that if the space was made available to the Administrator of General Services, it shall be vacated expeditiously by not later than a date the Chief Justice and the Director agree on.
"(3) Unoccupied space.--The Chief Justice has the right of first refusal to use unoccupied space in the Building to meet the needs of the judicial branch.
"(d) Outleased Space.--
"(1) Rental rate.--Space outleased by the Director under subsection (a)(3) is subject to reimbursement at a reasonable rate, with the amount to be determined by the Director and the entity.
"(2) Collection of rent.--The Director shall collect, and lessees are authorized to pay, rent for space outleased under paragraph (3) of subsection (a).
"(e) Deposit of Rent and Reimbursements.--Amounts received under subsection (a)(3) (including lease payments and reimbursements) shall be deposited into the Judicial Space and Facilities Management Fund established under section 604A(l) of title 28."; and
(8) by striking section 6507.
(b) Conforming Amendments.--The table of sections for chapter 65 of title 40, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by striking the item relating to section 6501 and inserting the following:
"6501. Definitions."; and (2) by striking the items relating to sections 6503 through 6507 and inserting the following:
"6503. Structural and mechanical care and security. "6504. Allocation of space.".
SEC. 1098. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.
(a) In General.--Section 3101 of title 40, United States Code, is amended by striking "All public buildings" and inserting "Except as provided under section 604A of title 28 or chapter 65 of this title, all public buildings.".
(b) Duties of the Director.--Section 604(a) of title 28, United States Code is amended--
(1) in paragraph (11), by inserting "and vouchers and accounts relating to the Judiciary Buildings Service" before the semicolon;
(2) in paragraph (24), by striking "and" at the end;
(3) by redesignating paragraph (25) as paragraph (26); and
(4) by inserting after paragraph (24) the following:
"(25) Oversee and manage the Judiciary Buildings Service in accordance with section 604A; and".
SEC. 1099. IMPLEMENTATION OF ACT.
(a) Definitions.--In this section--
(1) the term "Administration" means the General Services Administration;
(2) the term "Administrator" means the Administrator of General Services;
(3) the term "court accommodation" has the meaning given that term in section 604A(a) of title 28, United States Code, as added by this Act; and
(4) the term "Director" means the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts.
(b) Implementation in General.--To ensure the orderly transition of buildings from the Administration to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Director is authorized to withhold from funds appropriated for the payment of rent to the Administration by the Director such sums as are necessary to implement the Judiciary Buildings Service.
(c) Initial Transfer of Properties.--
(1) In general.--On and after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director may request that the Administrator transfer from the Administration to the Director jurisdiction, custody, and control of any real property for the pilot program described in section 604A of title 28, United States Code, as added by this Act.
(2) Transfer.--Not later than 90 days after a request by the Director to transfer jurisdiction, custody, and control of any real property or lease under paragraph (1), or such other date as is agreed to by the Director and the Administrator, the Administrator shall transfer the property or lease to the Director.
(3) Information.--For any real property or lease being transferred to the Director, the Administrator shall provide to the Director essential information required for the transfer of building management, including detailed operating costs, shell costs, budget projections, planned and ongoing projects, condition assessments, drawings, operational procedures, warranties, rental rates for each tenant, occupancy data, agreements, and ongoing contracts.
(d) Report and Plan.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report--
(1) discussing the implementation and execution of real property authority for the real property and leases transferred as part of the pilot program described in section 604A of title 28, United States Code, as added by this Act; and
(2) providing a plan and proposed timeline for the orderly transfer of real property and leases in addition to the real property and leases transferred under the pilot program described in paragraph (1).
SEC. 1099A. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that if the Judiciary is successful in its management of facilities that are transferred to its jurisdiction, custody, and control, the extension of real property authority over additional facilities housing the Judiciary should be considered to ensure that the administration of justice is not negatively impacted by deficient facilities.
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SA 6646. Mr. DURBIN (for himself and Mr. Daines) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:
SEC. ___. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE.
(a) Department of Energy Quantum Information Science Research Program.--Section 401 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851) is amended--
(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
"(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall carry out a research, development, and demonstration program on quantum information science, engineering, and technology.";
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ", engineering, and technology" after "science";
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ", engineering, and technology" after "science";
(C) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
"(3) provide research experiences and training for additional undergraduate and graduate students in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, including in the fields specified in paragraph (4);";
(D) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5) as paragraphs (5) through (7), respectively;
(E) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
"(3) operate National Quantum Information Science Research Centers under section 402 to accelerate and scale scientific and technical breakthroughs in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, and maintain state-of-the-art infrastructure for quantum researchers and industry partners;
"(4) conduct cooperative basic and applied research with industry, National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other research institutions to facilitate the development, demonstration, and commercial application of quantum information science, engineering, and technology priorities, as determined by the Secretary of Energy, including in the fields of--
"(A) quantum information theory;
"(B) quantum physics;
"(C) quantum computational science, including hardware and software, machine learning, and data science;
"(D) applied mathematics and algorithm development;
"(E) quantum communications and networking, including hardware and software for quantum communications and networking;
"(F) quantum sensing, imaging, and detection;
"(G) materials science and engineering;
"(H) quantum modeling and simulation, including molecular modeling;
"(I) near- and long-term application development, as determined by the Secretary of Energy;
"(J) quantum chemistry;
"(K) quantum biology;
"(L) superconductive and high-performance microelectronics;
"(M) post-quantum cryptography; and
"(N) chip-based integration of quantum systems, artificial intelligence systems, and other classical computing systems;";
(F) in paragraph (6) (as so redesignated), in subparagraph (F), by striking "and" at the end;
(G) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated)--
(i) by striking "and" before "potential"; and
(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting ", and other relevant stakeholders, as determined by the Secretary of Energy; and"; and
(H) by adding at the end the following:
"(8) leverage the collective body of knowledge and data, including experience and resources from existing Federal research activities and commercially available quantum computing hardware and software, to the extent practicable."; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
"(c) Industry Outreach.--In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall engage with the quantum technology industry and promote commercialization of applications of quantum technology relevant to the activities of the Department of Energy by--
"(1) educating--
"(A) the energy industry and other relevant industries on near-term and commercially available quantum technologies; and
"(B) the quantum industry on potential energy and other relevant applications;
"(2) accelerating the advancements of United States quantum computing, communications, networking, sensing, and security capabilities to protect and optimize the energy sector;
"(3) advancing relevant domestic supply chains, manufacturing capabilities, and associated simulations or modeling capabilities;
"(4) facilitating commercialization of quantum technologies from National Laboratories and engaging with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium and other organizations, as applicable, to transition component technologies that advance the development of a quantum supply chain; and
"(5) to the extent practicable, ensuring industry partner access, especially for small- and medium-sized businesses, to specialized quantum instrumentation, equipment, testbeds, and other infrastructure to design, prototype, and test novel quantum hardware and streamline user access to reduce costs and other administrative burdens.
"(d) High-Performance Computing Strategic Plan.--
"(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress a 5-year strategic plan to guide Federal programs in designing, expanding, and procuring hybrid, energy-efficient high-performance computing systems capable of integrating with a diverse set of technologies, including quantum, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, to enable the computing facilities of the Department of Energy to advance national computing resources.
"(2) Contents.--The strategic plan under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
"(A) A conceptual plan to leverage capabilities and infrastructure from the high-performance computing resources of the Department of Energy, as the Secretary of Energy determines necessary.
"(B) A plan to minimize disruptions to the advanced scientific computing workforce.
"(C) A consideration of a diversity of quantum computing modalities.
"(D) A plan to integrate cloud access of commercially available quantum hardware and software to complement on-premises high-performance computing systems and resources consistent with the QUEST program established under section 404.
"(e) Early-Stage Quantum High-Performance Computing Research and Development Program.--
"(1) Definition of quantum high-performance computing.--In this subsection, the term `quantum high-performance computing' means the use of quantum computing systems that are supported by classical high-performance computing systems and artificial intelligence supercomputers to solve complex problems.
"(2) Program.--The Secretary of Energy shall establish an early-stage research and development program in quantum high-performance computing--
"(A) to inform the 5-year strategic plan described in subsection (d)(1); and
"(B) to build the necessary scientific computing workforce to fulfill the objectives of that plan.
"(3) Activities.--The program established under paragraph (2) shall--
"(A) support early-stage quantum computing testbeds, user access, and prototypes; and
"(B) connect early-stage quantum high-performance computing projects to the Centers funded under this Act.
"(f) Supply Chain Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, shall conduct a study on quantum science, engineering, and technology supply chain needs, including--
"(1) identifying hurdles to growth in the quantum industry by leveraging the expertise of relevant stakeholders in academia and industry, including the Quantum Economic Development Consortium; and
"(2) making recommendations on how to strengthen the domestic supply of materials and technologies necessary for the development of a robust manufacturing base and workforce.
"(g) Traineeship Program.--The Secretary of Energy shall establish a university-led traineeship program--
"(1) to address workforce development needs in quantum information science, engineering, and technology; and
"(2) that will focus on supporting increased participation, workforce development, and research experiences for undergraduate and graduate students, including students attending institutions located in States eligible to participate in the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research under section 113 of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 1862g), consistent with section 3167B(a) of the Department of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381c-3(a)).
"(h) Coordination of Activities.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary of Energy shall--
"(1) ensure all activities are consistent with the limitations established under section 6340 of title 10, United States Code; and
"(2) to the maximum extent practicable, coordinate with the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies to ensure that programs and activities carried out under this section complement and do not duplicate existing efforts across the Federal government.".
(b) Department of Energy Quantum Verification and Validation Program.--The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by inserting after section 401 (15 U.S.C. 8851) the following:
"SEC. 401A.
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM VERIFICATION AND
VALIDATION PROGRAM.
"(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall establish a verification and validation program--
"(1) to maintain United States leadership in quantum information science, engineering, and technology;
"(2) to provide resources for the broader scientific community; and
"(3) to support activities carried out under sections 401, 402, 403, and 404.
"(b) Program Components.--In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall--
"(1) acquire, deploy, and maintain specialized equipment, laboratory infrastructure, and state-of-the-art instrumentation necessary to support quantum verification and validation activities and the broader objectives of the program;
"(2) leverage the capabilities of National Laboratories, Nanoscale Science Research Centers, and other partners of the Department of Energy, including facilities and experts that research and develop novel quantum materials and devices; and
"(3) consider the technologies and end-use applications that have significant economic potential, as determined by the Secretary, based on consultation with relevant stakeholders in academia and industry, including the Quantum Economic Development Consortium.
"(c) Quantum Verification and Validation.--In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall support the development and deployment of capabilities to test, characterize, verify, and validate quantum information science, engineering, and technology systems, including--
"(1) measurement and characterization of quantum devices, components, and materials at the qubit level;
"(2) verification and validation of quantum hardware, software, and integrated systems;
"(3) benchmarking and characterization of system performance, scalability, reliability, and error modalities across a diversity of quantum computing, sensing, networking, and communications platforms; and
"(4) development of testing protocols, standards, metrology, and evaluation methodologies to support research, development, demonstration, and commercialization activities.
"(d) Consultation.--In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall consult with the following entities to identify the instrumentation, equipment, infrastructure, and materials needed to support the objectives of that program:
"(1) The National Institute of Standards and Technology.
"(2) The National Science Foundation.
"(3) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
"(4) Any other relevant Federal agency.
"(5) The National Laboratories.
"(6) National Quantum Information Science Research Centers.
"(7) Industry stakeholders.
"(8) Institutions of higher education.
"(9) Any other research institution.".
(c) National Quantum Information Science Research Centers.--Section 402 of
the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8852) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking "basic"; and
(ii) by striking "science and technology and to support research conducted under section 401" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology, expand capacity for the domestic quantum workforce, and support research conducted under sections 401, 403, and 404"; and
(B) in paragraph (2)(C), by inserting "that may include 1 or more commercial entities" after "collaborations";
(2) in subsection (b), by inserting "and should be inclusive of the variety of viable quantum technologies, as appropriate" before the period at the end;
(3) in subsection (c)--
(A) by striking "basic"; and
(B) by inserting ", engineering, and technology, accelerating quantum workforce development," after "science"; and
(4) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
"(2) Renewal.--Each Center established under this section may be renewed for an additional period of 5 years following a successful, merit-based review and approval by the Director.".
(d) Department of Energy Quantum Network Infrastructure Research and Development Program.--Section 403 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8853) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by inserting ", including" after "networking"; and
(ii) by striking "and" at the end;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
"(6) as applicable, leverage a diversity of modalities and commercially available quantum hardware and software; and
"(7) develop education and training pathways related to quantum network infrastructure investments, aligned with existing programmatic investments by the Department of Energy.";
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively; and
(ii) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
"(C) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the head of any other relevant Federal agency, as determined by the Secretary;";
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting "ground-to-space and" before "space-to-ground";
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking "photon-based" and inserting "all applicable modalities of";
(iii) in subparagraph (F), by inserting ", quantum sensors," after "quantum repeaters";
(iv) in subparagraph (G)--
(I) by inserting "data centers," after "repeaters,"; and
(II) by striking "and" at the end;
(v) in subparagraph (H)--
(I) by striking "the quantum technology stack" and inserting "quantum technology modality stacks"; and
(II) by striking "National Laboratories in the Energy Sciences Network User Facility;" and inserting "National Laboratories, such as the Energy Sciences Network User Facility, subject to the condition that such activities are conducted on a noninterference basis with National Nuclear Security Administration missions for National Laboratories supporting such missions; and"; and
(vi) by adding at the end the following:
"(I) development of quantum network and entanglement distribution protocols or applications, including development of network stack protocols and protocols enabling integration with existing technologies or infrastructure;";
(C) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by striking "basic"; and
(ii) by striking "material" and inserting "materials"; and
(D) in paragraph (5), by striking "fundamental"; and
(3) in subsection (d), by striking "basic research" and inserting "research, development, and demonstration".
(e) Department of Energy Quantum User Expansion for Science and Technology Program.--Section 404 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8854) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking "and quantum computing clouds" and inserting ", software, and cloud-based quantum computing";
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking "and" at the end;
(C) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
"(5) to enable development of software and applications, including estimation of resources needed to scale applications; and
"(6) to develop near-term quantum applications to solve public and private sector problems.";
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (4), by striking "and" at the end;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
"(6) enable users to develop algorithms, software tools, simulators, and applications for quantum systems using cloud-based quantum computers; and
"(7) partner with appropriate public- and private-sector entities to develop training and education opportunities on prototype and early-stage devices to support commercial applications."; and
(3) in subsection (c)--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (8) as paragraphs (5) through (9), respectively; and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
"(4) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;".
(f) Research Security.--
(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
(A) Covered sections.--The term "covered sections" means--
(i) sections 401, 402, 403, and 404 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851, 8852, 8853, and 8854) (as amended by this Act); and
(ii) section 401A of the National Quantum Initiative Act (as added by section 3).
(B) Foreign country of concern.--The term "foreign country of concern" means--
(i) a covered nation (as defined in section 4872(d) of title 10, United States Code); and
(ii) any other country that the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Director of National Intelligence, determines to be engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the United States.
(C) Foreign institution of concern.--The term "foreign institution of concern" means a foreign institution that--
(i) is designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the Secretary of State under section 219(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));
(ii) is included on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury;
(iii) is owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign country that is a covered nation (as defined in section 4872(d) of title 10, United States Code);
(iv) is alleged by the Attorney General to have been involved in activities for which a conviction was obtained under--
(I) chapter 37 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the "Espionage Act");
(II) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, United States Code;
(III) chapter 90 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the "Economic Espionage Act of 1996");
(IV) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.);
(V) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2284);
(VI) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or
(VII) the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or
(v) is determined by the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, to be engaged in unauthorized conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the United States.
(2) Research security.--The Secretary of Energy shall carry out the covered sections in coordination with the research security requirements and authorities established under section 10114 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18912) and any other research security authorities available to the Secretary of Energy.
(3) Confucius institutes.--None of the funds made available to carry out the covered sections may be obligated to or expended by an institution of higher education that maintains a contract or other agreement with a Confucius Institute or any successor of a Confucius Institute.
(4) Restrictions on collaboration with foreign countries and institutions of concern.--None of the funds made available to carry out the covered sections may be obligated or expended to promote, establish, or finance quantum research activities between a United States institution and a foreign country of concern or foreign institution of concern.
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SA 6647. Mrs. GILLIBRAND submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SEC. __. PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICERS' BENEFIT PROGRAM EXPANSION.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the "Officer John Barnes and Chief Michael Ansbro Public Safety Officers' Benefit Program Expansion Act of 2026".
(b) Eligibility Determination for Public Safety Officer Benefits.--
(1) In general.--Section 1205 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10285) is amended--
(A) in subsection (e)(2)(E), by inserting ", including whether the delay is due to the inaction of the claimant or an agency from which information is required" after "basis for delay"; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
"(f) Notice and Interim Benefits.--
"(1) Notice of missing information.--Not later than 90 calendar days after receiving a claim filed under this subpart, the Bureau shall notify the claimant or the relevant agency of any missing information required to process the claim.
"(2) Notice of determination.--
"(A) In general.--Not later than 270 calendar days after receiving all information required to process the claim, the Bureau shall inform the claimant of the Bureau's final, appealable determination as to the claimant's benefit eligibility.
"(B) Interim benefits as notice.--Provision of interim benefits under section 1201(c) shall be deemed to be notice under subparagraph (A).
"(3) Interim benefits.--
"(A) Entitlement.--If the Bureau fails to inform a claimant of the Bureau's determination on or before the date that is 270 calendar days after receiving all information required to process the claim, the Bureau shall issue a single interim benefit payment with respect to the claim, payable only to--
"(i) a claimant whose status as an eligible beneficiary is undisputed; or
"(ii) if beneficiary status remains unresolved, an escrow or fiduciary account, pending final determination under section 1201.
"(B) Rescission or repayment.--Any interim benefits paid under this subsection--
"(i) shall be credited against any final benefit determination made under section 1201;
"(ii) shall not be subject to recoupment or affirmative repayment by the Bureau, except in cases of fraud or material misrepresentation; and
"(iii) shall not be construed to create an entitlement to benefits if the claimant or decedent is determined to be ineligible under this part.
"(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to--
"(A) limit the Bureau's authority to deny a claim for failure to meet statutory eligibility requirements;
"(B) alter the determination of eligible beneficiaries under section 1201; or
"(C) require payment of interim benefits to multiple claimants if the statute authorizes payment to only 1 or more mutually exclusive beneficiaries.
"(g) Outreach.--The Bureau shall--
"(1) conduct outreach efforts on an ongoing basis to ensure that public safety officers and underserved public agencies are aware of the program under this part, including outreach efforts for disabled public safety officers; and
"(2) include in the outreach efforts under paragraph (1) regular communications with national public safety organizations, public safety agencies, and organizations supporting disabled public safety officers and the families of fallen officers.
"(h) Summary of Backlogged Claims.--Not later than 30 days after publishing the report required under subsection (e)(2), the Bureau shall submit a summary of the information required to be reported under subsection (e)(2)(E) to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.
"(i) Audit of Backlogged Claims.--On an annual basis, the Comptroller General shall conduct an audit of any pending claims under this part that were submitted to the Bureau more than 1 year before the date on which the audit is commenced, to identify programmatic challenges to the timely processing of death, disability, and educational assistance claims. As part of the audit, the Comptroller General shall also review--
"(1) where the claim is in the determination process;
"(2) the reasons for delay, including any processes, such as legal review, that prevent timely processing of claims;
"(3) whether the agency has used its subpoena authority for the claims;
"(4) the frequency of outreach to the claimant and efforts to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of outreach and claims assistance efforts;
"(5) the efforts of the Bureau of Justice Assistance to implement a claims processing manual to ensure consistency across staff in determining claims; and
"(6) efforts to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of outreach and claims assistance efforts.".
(2) Subpoena requirement.--Section 1206(b) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10288(b)) is amended--
(A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking "and" at the end;
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and inserting "; and"; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
"(3) with respect to information or documentation in the possession of a public agency that the Bureau has determined is necessary to adjudicate the claim that the public agency has failed to provide by the date that is 30 days after the date of the Bureau's or the claimant's request to provide the information or documentation, shall issue a subpoena to the public agency to obtain the information or documentation, unless the Bureau has approved an extension not exceeding 60 days.".
(3) Definitions.--
(A) In general.--Section 1204 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10284) is amended--
(i) in paragraph (4)(B)(ii), by striking "parapalegic" and inserting "paraplegic";
(ii) by redesignating paragraphs (8) through (14) as paragraphs (9) through (15), respectively; and
(iii) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
"(8) `gainful work' means gainful work activity, as defined in section 32.23 of title 28, Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regulation;".
(B) Conforming amendments.--
(i) Internal revenue code.--Section 402(l)(4)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking "(42 U.S.C. 3796b(9)(A))".
(ii) Title 28.--Section 1863(b)(5)(B) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking "section 1203(6)" and inserting "section 1204".
(c) Expedited Payment for VCF or WTCHP Determinations.--Section 1205(b) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10285(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(4) In making determinations under section 1201(a), the Bureau shall, absent clear and convincing evidence to the contrary, as determined by the Bureau, approve any claim if the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note; Public Law 107-42) (commonly referred to as the `VCF') or the World Trade Center Health Program under title XXXIII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300mm et seq.) provides a certification of facts that--
"(A) the claim is eligible for death benefits under the Victim Compensation Fund; or
"(B) the cause of claimant's death is a World Trade Center Health Program-related condition.".
(d) Implementation of Certain GAO Recommendations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall ensure that the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance implements the recommendations provided in the report of the Government Accountability Office entitled "Public Safety Officers' Benefits Program: Transparency, Claims Assistance, and Program Management Improvements Needed" (GAO-24-105549), published on September 27, 2024.
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SA 6648. Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself and Mr. Kaine) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1270A. ADVANCING A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO ADDRESS
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME.
(a) Addressing Gaps in Law Enforcement and Anti-crime Programs.--
(1) Strategic plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State (referred to in this section and section 1270B as the "Secretary"), acting through the Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (referred to in this section and section 1270B as the "Assistant Secretary"), shall develop and implement a strategic plan for the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (referred to in this section and section 1270B as the "Bureau") to expand anti-crime programming related to citizen security and the rule of law, crime and violence prevention, and other efforts to address systemic and structural drivers of transnational crime for an initial 5-year period.
(2) Scope.--Programs identified pursuant to paragraph (1) --
(A) shall include types of anti-crime programs traditionally done by other bureaus within the Department of State; and
(B) may include--
(i) community-level crime and violence prevention programs;
(ii) alternative development programs;
(iii) land titling programs; and
(iv) anti-corruption and good governance programs.
(3) Stakeholder engagement.--In developing the strategic plan under paragraph (1), and before implementing such plan and submitting the report required under paragraph (5), the Secretary shall--
(A) consult with, and incorporate suggestions from, security, law enforcement, and justice institutions of partner governments, relevant multilateral and intergovernmental entities, and relevant private sector entities, to the maximum extent practicable;
(B) consult with, and incorporate suggestions from, the appropriate congressional committees, to the maximum extent practicable;
(C) request a list from partner governments identifying resource and program gaps in anti-crime efforts following the foreign assistance review directed by the President through Executive Order 14169 (90 Fed. Reg.
8619 (January 20, 2025) relating to reevaluating and realigning United States foreign aid); and
(D) request a list of gaps and opportunities in programming described in paragraphs (1) and (2) from the chief of mission of the United States embassies in all countries that receive assistance under chapter 8 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.).
(4) Prioritization.--The Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary, should prioritize the use of funds appropriated to carry out chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.) for programs and activities identified under this subsection when International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement funding is not available for such purpose.
(5) Report.--The Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary, shall include, in the first report submitted after the date of the enactment of this Act, a section containing--
(A) the strategic plan required under paragraph (1), including--
(i) a description of the initial proposed list of new anti-crime programs for the Bureau to undertake;
(ii) the identification of an initial list of priority countries for receiving such programming, which shall, to the maximum extent practicable, include countries across all the geographic regions in which the Bureau operates; and
(iii) a description of any constraints or challenges to the Bureau undertaking such programming;
(B) a timeline for implementing the strategic plan; and
(C) a description of the funds needed to implement such plan and programming during the next 5 fiscal years.
(6) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2027 through 2031 to implement this subsection.
(b) Public-private Partnerships.--
(1) Authorization.--The Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary, and in coordination with the heads of relevant Federal departments and agencies, is authorized and encouraged to pursue public-private partnerships, other research partnerships, and innovative financing mechanisms--
(A) to strengthen citizen security;
(B) to counter transnational crime; and
(C) to otherwise prevent and reduce violence and participation in illicit markets that affect United States national interests, including through initiatives at the community level.
(2) Priority focus areas.--Partnerships authorized under paragraph (1) shall prioritize, during the 5-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, efforts to address--
(A) cyber-scam centers;
(B) demand reduction matters relating to the illicit use of narcotics and other drugs, particularly fentanyl and other synthetic opioids, including monitoring and data collection regarding use of such illicit drugs;
(C) port security and maritime domain awareness;
(D) sexual and gender-based violence;
(E) alternatives to illicit drug cultivation;
(F) anti-money laundering;
(G) community-based crime and violence deterrence and prevention;
(H) rule of law, transparency, and anti-corruption; and
(I) environmental and natural resource crimes.
(3) Consultation.--In expanding the Department of State's public-private partnerships and other multi-stakeholder initiatives in the areas described in paragraph (1), the Assistant Secretary shall engage with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and other entities with experience undertaking public-private partnerships related to law enforcement and anti-crime issues.
(4) Capacity building and information sharing.--The Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary, and in coordination with the heads of relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall collaborate with relevant stakeholders, including law enforcement agencies and other related institutions of partner governments, the private sector, and civil society--
(A) to convene capacity building and training sessions, events, and other forums to explore opportunities for public-private partnerships related to the activities described in paragraph (1) in each geographic region in which the Bureau operates; and
(B) to encourage information sharing on best practices to address such activities.
(5) Limitations.--Any public-private partnership entered into pursuant to this subsection shall comply with--
(A) international best practices on public-private partnerships; and
(B) additional guidelines and standards for best practices set by the Secretary of State, including those within section 970 of volume 2 of the Foreign Affairs Manual.
(6) Notification and briefing.--Before entering into a public-private partnership under this subsection, the Assistant Secretary shall notify and brief the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives regarding the activities to be undertaken under such partnership and how partner entities will be selected.
(c) Rule of Construction.--The term "anticrime purposes", with respect to the authority of the President under section 481(a)(4) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291(a)(4)), shall be construed to allow for the provision of assistance, including through grants to nongovernmental organizations, for efforts--
(1) to advance citizen security and the rule of law;
(2) to strengthen the capacity, accountability, and reform of foreign security, law enforcement, and justice institutions, including police, prosecutors and judges, correctional facilities, border and customs enforcement authorities, anti-corruption institutions, and other related entities;
(3) to prevent, reduce, or deter transnational crime; and
(4) to otherwise address the drivers and impacts of illicit activity, including systemic and structural drivers of violence, affecting United States national interests, including through programs that--
(A) prevent community violence and crime;
(B) provide alternatives to drug cultivation and production or other illicit activities;
(C) disarm, demobilize, or reintegrate members of criminal organizations;
(D) reduce impunity and strengthen anti-corruption and good governance frameworks;
(E) increase government presence and access to justice in conflict-affected areas;
(F) prevent and respond to sexual and gender-based violence; and
(G) address illicit arms trafficking.
(d) Modification of Assistant Secretary's Areas of Responsibility.--Section 1(c)(3)(B) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(c)(3)(B)) is amended--
(1) in clause (ii), by inserting "law enforcement and" after "foreign";
(2) in clause (iv), by striking "human rights and women's participation issues" and inserting "human rights, women's, afrodescendents', indigenous people's, and other excluded communities' participation issues, and international humanitarian law, as applicable";
(3) in clause (v), by striking "wildlife, and cultural property, migrant smuggling, corruption, money laundering, the illicit smuggling of bulk cash, the licit use of financial systems for malign purposes," and inserting "wildlife, timber, metals and minerals, and cultural property, migrant smuggling, corruption, money laundering, the illicit smuggling of bulk cash, the licit use of financial systems for malign purposes, cybercrime,"; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
"(vii) Combating, in conjunction with other relevant bureaus of the Department of State and other United States Government agencies, environmental and natural resource crimes, including illegal mining, fishing, and logging and associated illicit trade.".
(e) Amendments to Chapter 8 of Part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Chapter 8 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C.
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2291 et seq.) is amended--
(1) by amending the chapter header to read as follows: "INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL, LAW ENFORCEMENT, AND RELATED ANTICRIME MATTER"; and
(2) in section 481(a)(1)--
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (G) as subparagraphs (B) through (H), respectively;
(B) by inserting before subparagraph (B), as redesignated, the following:
"(A) It is the policy of the United States--
"(i) to assist foreign countries in preventing and combating all forms of transnational criminal activity that threaten regional stability and undermine United States national security interests, including--
"(I) illicit narcotics production and trafficking;
"(II) arms trafficking;
"(III) illicit finance and money laundering;
"(IV) trafficking in persons;
"(V) sexual and gender-based violence;
"(VI) migrant smuggling;
"(VII) cybercrime;
"(VIII) environmental and natural resource crime;
"(IX) corruption; and
"(X) and other related conditions that enable the activities described in subclauses (I) through (IX); and
"(ii) to use United States assistance under this chapter to support efforts to strengthen civilian law enforcement, justice sector institutions, corrections systems, border and customs authorities, anti-corruption institutions, and international cooperation mechanisms to prevent, investigate, prosecute, and adjudicate crimes associated with transnational criminal activity and associated criminal networks.";
(C) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated, by adding at the end the following: "Transnational criminal organizations engaged in international narcotics trafficking have expanded their activities to other illicit markets, including human trafficking, smuggling, and environmental and natural resource crimes, which requires the United States to modify its foreign policies and programs to effectively counter international narcotics trafficking and associated criminal networks.";
(D) in subparagraph (E), as redesignated, by striking "particularly" and inserting "including"; and
(E) in subparagraph (G), as redesignated, by inserting ", environmental and natural resource crimes, and other transnational crime-related" after "narcotics".
SEC. 1270B. STRENGTHENING DEPARTMENT OF STATE REPORTING OF
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES.
(a) Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Strategy.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the Secretary of State makes publicly available the strategic plan required under section 306 of title 5, United States Code, the Secretary shall--
(A) develop a strategic plan for the Bureau containing--
(i) all the information required under subsection (a) of such section 306; and
(ii) a separate section evaluating foreign assistance and programming carried out by the Bureau since the submission of the previous Bureau strategy and the future direction of such assistance and programming;
(B) make such strategic plan available on a publicly accessible website of the Department of State; and
(C) simultaneously notify the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives of the availability of such strategic plan.
(2) Contingency plan.--If the strategic plan for the Bureau is not made publicly available in accordance with paragraph (1)(B) before the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall comply with such paragraph not later than 180 days after such date of enactment.
(b) Elements.--The strategic plan for the Bureau required under subsection (a) shall, with respect to each geographic region in which the Bureau operates--
(1) provide a detailed assessment of--
(A) the transnational criminal and citizen security threats to United States national interests within such region;
(B) how such threats have changed since the submission of the previous Bureau strategy; and
(C) how foreign assistance, diplomatic engagement, and programming by the Bureau are designed--
(i) to promote citizen security;
(ii) to disrupt transnational criminal organizations and their illicit economies; and
(iii) to strengthen the capacity of foreign partners to counter such threats;
(2) identify priority gaps and strategic opportunities for strengthening foreign assistance and programming carried out by the Bureau;
(3) assess outcome metrics from monitoring and evaluation conducted since the submission of the previous Bureau strategic plan, and provide concrete plans to ensure such outcome assessments inform the foreign assistance program design and funding decisions of the Bureau;
(4) describe in detail the Bureau's plans for addressing--
(A) narcotics trafficking, including the trafficking of fentanyl and other synthetic drugs and precursor chemicals;
(B) environmental and natural resource crimes, including illegal logging, wildlife trafficking, illegal mining, and illegal fishing;
(C) human trafficking and migrant smuggling;
(D) ransom kidnapping and extortion;
(E) arms trafficking;
(F) money laundering;
(G) rule of law and corruption issues;
(H) drug demand reduction;
(I) cyber crime and intellectual property rights;
(J) capacity challenges faced by law enforcement, border security, and criminal justice institutions in partner countries, including civilian police and correctional facilities; and
(K) sexual and gender-based violence;
(5) identify concrete ways in which the Department of State has used the findings of the International Narcotics Control Strategy Reports submitted pursuant to section 489 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291h) since the submission of the Bureau' s previous strategic plan to inform foreign assistance program design and funding decisions by the Bureau;
(6) identify concrete ways in which the Department has used the findings regarding foreign countries' progress on anti-corruption efforts referred to in subsections (a) through (c) of section 5403 of the Combating Global Corruption Act (subtitle A of title LIV of Public Law 118-31; 22 U.S.C. 10502) that have been provided to Congress since the submission of the Bureau's previous strategic plan to inform foreign assistance program design and funding decisions by the Bureau;
(7) provide concrete examples of progress made in significantly increasing the recruitment, training and retention of women and other underrepresented communities in law enforcement positions;
(8) identify concrete ways in which the Bureau, in coordination with all other relevant Federal entities, can more effectively target drivers of organized criminal activity and recruitment at the community level, including through Bureau programs--
(A) to deter crime and violence;
(B) to support crop substitution and alternatives to illicit drug cultivation; and
(C) to support community education and rehabilitation programming;
(9) describe how foreign assistance and programming carried out by the Bureau may be used to counter malign foreign influence, including from the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation;
(10)(A) identify and evaluate outcome metrics to assess the operations and effectiveness of the Bureau's International Law Enforcement Academies since the submission of the Bureau's previous strategic plan; and
(B) describe how such results will inform future program design and funding decisions for such Academies;
(11)(A) identify and evaluate outcome metrics to assess the operations and effectiveness of the Bureau's Narcotics Rewards Program and Transnational Organized Crime Rewards Programs since the submission of the Bureau's previous strategic plan; and
(B) describe how such results will inform future program design and funding decisions for such rewards programs; and
(12) identify concrete ways to strengthen multilateral and donor coordination to enhance the delivery and efficiency of assistance by the Bureau.
(c) Annual Program and Budget Accountability Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and not later than the first Monday of March of each year thereafter, the Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary, shall submit a program and budget accountability report for the Bureau for the preceding fiscal year to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) Requirements.--Each report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall, with respect to the preceding fiscal year--
(A) provide a breakdown, by geographic region, of countries that received funding from the INCLE account, disaggregated by amount, fiscal year, and program type;
(B) identify all programming conducted through interagency agreements described in section 632(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2392(b)), disaggregated by geographic region and implementing agency and, for such programming--
(i) identify each recipient of such support;
(ii) describe the support provided and the anticipated duration of such support; and
(iii) describe the sources and amounts of funds used to provide such support;
(C) identify how much assistance from the INCLE account was provided through interagency agreements described in section 632(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2392(b)), disaggregated by geographic region and implementing agency;
(D) identify, globally and by geographic region, to the maximum extent practicable, how much assistance from the INCLE account was obligated for addressing--
(i) narcotics trafficking, including a specific amount for addressing trafficking of fentanyl, synthetic opioids and related precursor chemicals;
(ii) environmental and natural resource crimes, disaggregated by illegal logging, wildlife trafficking, illegal mining, and illegal fishing;
(iii) human trafficking and migrant smuggling;
(iv) arms trafficking;
(v) money laundering;
(vi) rule of law and corruption issues;
(vii) drug demand reduction;
(viii) cyber crime and intellectual property rights; and
(ix) sexual and gender-based violence;
(E) identify, globally and by geographic region, how much assistance from the INCLE account was directly provided to--
(i) foreign government institutions;
(ii) intergovernmental or multilateral organizations;
(iii) locally-based nongovernmental organizations;
(iv) United States-based nongovernmental organizations;
(v) security or military contractors; and
(vi) any other implementing entity;
(F) list the amount of--
(i) law enforcement, criminal justice, border security, and other foreign personnel trained through funding from the INCLE account, disaggregated by geographic region, and the types of trainings they received, with a separate section on personnel trained by the International Law Enforcement Academies;
(ii) lethal and non-lethal equipment provided to foreign governments, disaggregated by geographic region and type of equipment provided; and
(iii) previously existing and newly created United States-vetted units in countries in which the Bureau operates;
(G) identify any foreign assistance and programming provided by the Bureau that is carried out at the subnational level, disaggregated by geographic region;
(H) identify any end-use monitoring or human rights monitoring issues that arose regarding foreign assistance and programming provided by the Bureau, disaggregated by geographic region, and how such issues were resolved;
(I) identify any provisions of law that were waived or superseded by the Bureau pursuant to the section 481(a)(4) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C.
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2291(a)(4)) and provide justification for each such action;
(J) with respect to the Narcotics Rewards Program and the Transnational Organized Crime Rewards Program--
(i) identify previously existing outstanding rewards and newly issued rewards, disaggregated by geographic region of the
designated target and by relevant criminal activity; and
(ii) identify--
(I) how many and which rewards led to the conviction or arrest of designated targets; and
(II) how much money was paid out to reward program participants;
(K) identify and describe any public-private partnership programming carried out by the Bureau, disaggregated by geographic region;
(L) disclose all private military and security contractors with which the Bureau collaborates, disaggregated by geographic region;
(M) identify and describe the Bureau priorities for programs for which independent evaluations will be carried out during the upcoming fiscal year, including the reasons for their selection;
(N)(i) summarize major takeaways and recommendations from program management and evaluation activities; and
(ii) describe, to the maximum extent practicable, how such results will inform program design and funding decisions by the Bureau for the upcoming fiscal year;
(O) identify--
(i) the 5 countries in each geographic region that received the highest amount of foreign assistance and programming from the Bureau; and
(ii) any other country, irrespective of geographic region, that received more than $10,000,000 in such assistance and programming; and
(P) for each country identified pursuant to subparagraph (O)--
(i) provide a country narrative that describes the major citizen security and transnational criminal challenges faced by such country;
(ii) assess--
(I) the political will of the government of such country to work with the United States to address such threats;
(II) such government's absorptive capacity; and
(III) other capacity building challenges faced by such government across law enforcement, criminal justice, and border security sectors;
(iii) identify the potential fraud risk, end use monitoring, and human rights-related challenges for the Bureau related to operating in such country;
(iv) identify all programs operated by the Bureau and, for each such program--
(I) provide an overview and details of program activity, operationalizable program goals and objectives, and outcome-based and results-oriented performance indicators and metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of such programs; and
(II) assess the progress being made to achieve program goals and objectives and any challenges affecting such achievement; and
(v) identify--
(I) any concrete assistance requested by the government of such country related to the Bureau's mission; and
(II) the Bureau's assessment of the challenges to, and merit of, providing such assistance.
(3) Form and public availability of report.--
(A) Form.--Each report required under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, but may include a classified annex to the extent necessary to protect sensitive information if an explanation is provided for why such information is required to be classified.
(B) Public availability.--The Secretary shall make the unclassified portions of each such report available to the public on a website of the Department of State.
(d) Implementation.--The Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary, shall promulgate and implement any polices, guidance, or procedures within the Bureau that may be necessary to comprehensively and accurately track, compile, and report the data required to be included in the report under subsection (c)(2).
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SA 6649. Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself and Mr. Hagerty) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1271. INDO-PACIFIC ENERGY RESILIENCE.
(a) Authorization.--The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, is authorized to engage with relevant United States Government authorities and foreign government counterparts to identify Indo-Pacific countries with energy vulnerabilities as a result of disruptions to global energy markets or maritime energy transit routes that could compel increased energy imports from countries of concern.
(b) Promotion of Energy Diversification.--The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, shall prioritize efforts to help Indo-Pacific countries diversify existing energy sources and explore all viable, cost-effective alternatives to energy imports from countries of concern.
(c) Opportunities to Build Indo-Pacific Energy Resilience.--The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, shall identify opportunities to strengthen the domestic energy resilience and efficiency, energy security, and energy-sector capabilities of relevant countries in the Indo-Pacific.
(d) Annual Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the Act, and annually thereafter for 3 years, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes--
(1) actions taken to implement the efforts described in subsection (b);
(2) barriers to energy diversification for the identified Indo-Pacific countries from countries of concern and what steps were taken to help address barriers;
(3) whether efforts have produced or will lead to viable alternatives to energy for foreign countries to consider that are not from countries of concern; and
(4) opportunities to bolster domestic energy resilience and efficiency in the Indo-Pacific region.
(e) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(C) the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate;
(D) the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives; and
(E) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
(2) Countries of concern.--The term "countries of concern" has the meaning given the term in section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code, which, as of the date of the enactment of this Act, means--
(A) the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea;
(B) the People's Republic of China;
(C) the Russian Federation; and
(D) the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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SA 6650. Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself and Mr. Cruz) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1271. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Degrading Houthi Networks in the Horn of Africa".
SEC. 1272. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that degrading the Houthis support networks in the Horn of Africa is within the national security interests of the United States and will further degrade Iran's proxy terrorist network.
SEC. 1273. DEFINED TERM.
In this subtitle, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 1274. STRATEGY ON COUNTERING HOUTHI SMUGGLING NETWORKS
IN THE HORN OF AFRICA.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in collaboration with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall--
(1) develop a strategy for identifying, degrading, and countering smuggling networks in the Horn of Africa that provide material and financial support for the Houthis;
(2) submit a copy of such strategy to the appropriate congressional committees; and
(3) initiate the implementation of such strategy.
(b) Elements.--The strategy required under subsection (a) shall include--
(1) a description of--
(A) the main smuggling routes utilized by the Houthis originating from the Horn of Africa, specifically from Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, or other relevant Horn of Africa countries that have domestic entities supporting smuggling networks for the Houthis;
(B) the types of materials and dual-use items which these networks are funneling to the Houthis, specifically dual-use components utilized in domestic weapons manufacturing; and
(C) which individuals, companies, or networks referred to in subparagraph (B) that are subject to United States sanctions pursuant to Executive Order 13224 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to blocking property and prohibiting transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism); and
(2) a description of the Department of State's plans to analyze how to best deter Houthi smuggling networks within the Horn of Africa.
(c) Form.--The strategy required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
SEC. 1275. BRIEFING AND ANNUAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE STRATEGY TO COUNTER HOUTHI SMUGGLING
NETWORKS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA.
(a) Briefing Required.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which the strategy required under section 1274 is due to be submitted to the appropriate congressional committees, senior officials of the Federal departments and agencies involved in the development of such strategy shall provide a briefing to the appropriate congressional committees that sets forth the plan for implementing such strategy.
(b) Annual Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes the implementation of the strategy required under section 1274, including a description of--
(A) the feasibility of imposing sanctions, including the sanctions authorized under Executive Order 13224 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to blocking property and prohibiting transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism), to counter the Houthi networks;
(B) the extent to which the Houthis collaborate with Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, Al-Shabaab, and other regional terrorist groups; and
(C) how the collaborations referred to in subparagraph (B) threatens the national security interests of the United States.
(2) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
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SA 6651. Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself and Mr. Tillis) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle C of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1229A. ESTABLISHMENT OF UKRAINE LESSONS LEARNED TASK
FORCE.
(a) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall establish a joint interagency task force, to be known as the "Ukraine Lessons Learned Task Force" (referred to in this section as the "Task Force").
(b) Purposes.--The purposes of the Task Force are--
(1) identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing key battlefield innovations, operational practices, and defense strategies employed by Ukraine in its resistance to Russian aggression;
(2) assessing the relevance of such lessons to United States military doctrine, training, logistics, acquisition, and strategic planning;
(3) recommending specific changes or pilot programs to integrate such lessons into United States defense systems;
(4) identifying vulnerabilities in United States systems highlighted by Ukraine's experience, including through joint operations such as Operation Spider Web; and
(5) coordinating with NATO allies and Ukrainian defense counterparts, as appropriate.
(c) Reporting Requirements.--
(1) Annual report to congress.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes--
(A) a summary of the findings and assessments conducted by the Task Force;
(B) recommendations for changes to doctrine, training, acquisition, or organizational structure;
(C) an overview of any pilot programs or implementation actions taken in response to such recommendations; and
(D) a classified annex with detailed assessments, to the extent necessary.
(2) Public version.--An unclassified version of the report required under paragraph (1) that excludes sensitive and classified information shall be made available to the public through a public website.
(d) Integration Into Military Training and Strategy.--The Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall ensure that relevant findings from the Task Force are--
(1) incorporated into professional military education curricula, including at the National Defense University, service academies, and war colleges;
(2) reflected in joint and service-specific training exercises and war games; and
(3) considered in the development of future operational concepts and planning scenarios.
(e) NATO and Allied Coordination.--The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall coordinate with NATO allies--
(1) to share and compare assessments of lessons learned from Ukraine's defense;
(2) to promote interoperability in defense innovation; and
(3) to explore the establishment of a multilateral "Defense Innovation Lessons Hub" or similar mechanism.
(f) Sunset.--This section shall cease to have any force or effect beginning on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(g) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
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SA 6652. Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself and Mr. Risch) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of the bill, add the following:
DIVISION F--DEPARTMENT OF STATE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2027
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SEC. 8001. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This division may be cited as the "Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027".
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of content for this division is as follows:
DIVISION F--DEPARTMENT OF STATE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2027 Sec. 8001. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 8002. Definitions. Sec. 8101. Mid-career training float. Sec. 8102. Rebidding for personnel at closed posts. Sec. 8103. Report on Pacific Islands embassy staffing incentives. Sec. 8104. Enduring foreign language proficiency incentive pay. Sec. 8105. Support for regional medical officer psychiatrists. Sec. 8106. Workforce exit interviews. Sec. 8107. Integration of Marine Security Guard Detachments at United States diplomatic posts. Sec. 8108. Additions to reporting requirements for deaths at post. Sec. 8109. Policy on negotiation of bilateral work agreements. Sec. 8110. Coverage of return costs. Sec. 8111. Requirement for Uyghur language training. Sec. 8112. Extension of post-employment restrictions on Senate-confirmed officials at the Department of State. Sec. 8113. Reducing foreign language training related delays in Foreign Service assignments. Sec. 8114. Ensuring full staffing of the countering Russian Influence Fund. Sec. 8115. Facilitating moves for domestic employees teleworking overseas. Sec. 8116. Strengthening the Department's capacity for economic and technology competition. Sec. 8201. Streamlining move procedures. Sec. 8202. Streamlining Arctic Ambassador responsibilities. Sec. 8203. Adversary alignment. Sec. 8204. Strategy on Department plan to reopen diplomatic facilities in Syria. Sec. 8205. Amendment to reflect the Bureau of Medical Services. Sec. 8301. Internal report on smart cable analytics. Sec. 8302. Generative artificial intelligence enabled language translation. Sec. 8401. Mega-decade sports diplomacy. Sec. 8402. Strengthening United States response to adversarial propaganda. Sec. 8501. Report on Consular Affairs officers joining United States missions to Pacific Island countries. Sec. 8502. Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 2022 implementation report. Sec. 8503. Counterintelligence unit at all critical counterintelligence threat posts. Sec. 8504. Authorization of certain public libraries to collect and retain fees for the acceptance and execution of passport applications. Sec. 8505. Review of tour lengths for Foreign Service officers at critical Human Intelligence threat posts. Sec. 8506. Modernization of consular forms. Sec. 8507. Expansion of limited consular appointment authority. Sec. 8508. Report on indefinite suspensions for members of the Civil Service. Sec. 8509. Artificial intelligence use for online presence review. Sec. 8601. Au pair regulation. Sec. 8602. Requirement for think tanks to disclose foreign funding. Sec. 8603. Marking and branding. Sec. 8604. Permitting for international bridges and land ports of entry. Sec. 8605. Arms Export Control Act increase for direct commercial contracts authority. Sec. 8606. Sunsetting the 180-day COVID obligation and expenditure reports. Sec. 8607. Congressional delegations. Sec. 8608. Modification of the special rule for countries downgraded from and reinstated to the tier 2 watch list in the Trafficking in Persons report. Sec. 8609. United States support to United Nations peacekeeping duplicative reporting. Sec. 8610. Restrictions on stinger missile transfers to Bahrain. Sec. 8611. Change to the missile sanctions laws statutory references. Sec. 8612. Congressional notifications under the Arms Export Control Act. Sec. 8613. Report on critical language expertise. Sec. 8614. Use of artificial intelligence to meet congressional reporting requirements. Sec. 8615. Millennium Challenge Corporation compacts. Sec. 8616. Office of the Inspector General for Foreign Assistance. Sec. 8617. Strategy on maritime economic resilience. Sec. 8618. Modernization of international agreements related to critical undersea infrastructure. Sec. 8619. Embassy evacuation and notification planning. Sec. 8620. Young African Leaders Initiative. Sec. 8700. Short titles.
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Chapter 1--Sanctions With Respect to the Russian Federation
Sec. 8701. Definitions.
subchapter a--sanctions with respect to russian shadow fleet
Sec. 8702. Imposition of sanctions with respect to vessels suspected of participation in or support of the Russian shadow fleet. Sec. 8702A. Imposition of sanctions with respect to foreign persons that support Russian illicit shipping with vessels subject to United States sanctions. Sec. 8702B. Imposition of sanctions with respect to port terminals accepting oil from Russian shadow fleet vessels.
Sec. 8703. Alignment of designation authorities with European Union and United Kingdom regarding Russian shadow fleet. Sec. 8703A. Support of efforts of the Joint Expeditionary Force.
Sec. 8704. Minimum standards for operating as a flag state registry and assessment of efforts to prevent the circumvention of sanctions and other crimes. Sec. 8704A. Strategy for countries that do not make sufficient efforts to comply with minimum standards for operating as a flag state.
Sec. 8705. International efforts to identify vessels transporting Russian-origin oil.
subchapter b--sanctions with respect to russian-origin energy products Sec. 8706. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons with certain interests in Russian energy projects. Sec. 8706A. Strategy to counter role of the People's Republic of China in evasion of sanctions with respect to Russian-origin petroleum products. subchapter c--sanctions with respect to russian defense industrial base Sec. 8707. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons that sell, lease, or provide goods or services relating to the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation. subchapter d--modifications of protecting europe's energy security act of 2019 Sec. 8708. Modifications of Protecting Europe's Energy Security Act of 2019. Sec. 8709. Sanctions described. Sec. 8709A. Exceptions; waivers. Sec. 8709B. Implementation. Sec. 8709C. Termination of sanctions authorities. Sec. 8710. Determination with respect to Russian military actions in support of Russian shadow fleet. Sec. 8710A. Resources for sanctions implementation at the Department of State. Sec. 8710B. Modification of limitation on military cooperation between the United States and the Russian Federation. Sec. 8710C. Emergency appropriations for the Countering Russian Influence Fund. Sec. 8710D. Report on presidential drawdown authority and Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative. Sec. 8710E. Support for Ukraine arms sales. Sec. 8711. Short title. Sec. 8712. Sense of Congress. Sec. 8713. Definitions. Sec. 8714. Task force. Sec. 8715. Report. Sec. 8716. Rule of construction. Sec. 8721. Short titles. Sec. 8722. Statement of policy. Sec. 8723. Definitions. Sec. 8724. Report on activities of certain foreign governments and groups in Sudan. Sec. 8725. Report on atrocities and gross violations of internationally-recognized human rights in Sudan. Sec. 8726. Strategy. Sec. 8727. Assessment of eligibility of armed actors in Sudan for designation as specially designated global terrorists. Sec. 8728. Sanctions. Sec. 8729. Special Envoy for Sudan. Sec. 8730. Assistance to the Government of Sudan by international financial institutions. Sec. 8731. Sudan Business Risk Advisory. Sec. 8732. United States engagement at the United Nations with respect to Sudan. Sec. 8733. Foreign assistance to Sudan. Sec. 8734. Annual report on financial assets held by armed actors in Sudan. Sec. 8735. Termination. Sec. 8736. Rule of construction. Sec. 8737. Sunset.
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Subtitle D--Scam Compound Accountability and Mobilization
Sec. 8741. Short title. Sec. 8742. Findings. Sec. 8743. Sense of Congress. Sec. 8744. Statement of policy. Sec. 8745. Definitions. Sec. 8746. Strategy to counter scam compounds and hold transnational criminal organizations and human traffickers accountable. Sec. 8747. Establishing a Task Force to implement the Strategy. Sec. 8748. Strengthening tools to dismantle scam compounds and hold transnational criminal organizations accountable. Sec. 8749. Redress to victims of international scam compound operations. Sec. 8750. Satellite imagery access to monitor human rights abuses related to scam compounds to discover the presence of human trafficking. Sec. 8750A. Sunset.
Sec. 8751. Short title. Sec. 8752. Definitions.
PART I-- International Coordination and Engagement on Critical Undersea Infrastructure
Sec. 8753. Findings. Sec. 8754. Sense of Congress. Sec. 8755. Enhancing United States Government engagement with relevant international bodies to safeguard United States interests. Sec. 8756. Imposition of sanctions with respect to critical undersea infrastructure sabotage. Sec. 8757. Report on activities by the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation. Sec. 8758. Engaging foreign partners to strengthen the security of critical undersea infrastructure.
PART II--Department of State Critical Undersea Infrastructure Expertise
Sec. 8761. Expanding critical undersea infrastructure-related expertise at the Department of State.
PART III--International Cooperation on Subsea Communications
Infrastructure Protection From Sabotage
Sec. 8762. Improving United States Government coordination on protecting subsea communications infrastructure. Sec. 8763. Strengthening information sharing between United States Government and private sector stakeholders on subsea communications infrastructure.
Sec. 8764. Rule of construction.
Subtitle F--Countering China's Control of the Caucasus Act
Sec. 8771. Short title. Sec. 8772. Reports and briefings.
Sec. 8776. Annual report.
Sec. 8781. Report on the impact of United States assistance. Sec. 8782. Strategy on ISIS-related detainee and displacement camps in Syria. Sec. 8783. Strategy for engagement with Syrian authorities and for evaluating security at the United States mission. Sec. 8784. Strategy to ensure the enduring defeat of ISIS in Syria. Sec. 8785. Defined term.
Sec. 8791. Repeals of Syria sanctions statutes. Sec. 8792. Establishment of Ukraine Lessons Learned Task Force.
Sec. 8795. Exception relating to importation of goods.
SEC. 8002. DEFINITIONS.
In this division:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(2) Department.--The term "Department" means the Department of State.
(3) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of State.
SEC. 8101. MID-CAREER TRAINING FLOAT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop and submit to the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a strategy to establish and maintain a "training float" by January 1, 2027, to authorize between 8 and 10 percent of the members of the Civil Service and the Foreign Service to participate in long-term training at any time.
(b) Elements.--The strategy developed pursuant to subsection (a) shall include--
(1) a proposal to ensure personnel in the training float remain dedicated to training or professional development activities;
(2) recommendations to maintain, and an assessment of the feasibility of maintaining, a minimum of 8 percent of personnel in the float at all times; and
(3) any additional resources and authorities needed to maintain the training float described in this section.
(c) Monitoring.--Beginning not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall ensure personnel in any training float established pursuant to this section remain dedicated to training or professional development activities.
SEC. 8102. REBIDDING FOR PERSONNEL AT CLOSED POSTS.
(a) Defined Term.--In this section and in section 8103, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(3) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
(4) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(b) In General.--If the Department closes, consolidates, or downsizes any element of the Department, including any bureau, office, or diplomatic or consular post, any Foreign Service officers employed by such element shall be allowed to rebid for comparable positions within the Foreign Service.
(c) Notification.--Not later than 30 days after the closure, consolidation, or downsizing of any element of the Department, the Secretary shall notify the appropriate congressional committees of the personnel impact of such action, including--
(1) the number of personnel at the affected post, disaggregated Foreign Service officers, eligible family members, and local embassy staff;
(2) the number of Foreign Service officers who chose to rebid for new positions and the posts at which such Foreign Service officers are currently stationed; and
(3) the status of all other affected personnel.
SEC. 8103. REPORT ON PACIFIC ISLANDS EMBASSY STAFFING
INCENTIVES.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources shall--
(1) submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress that describes plans for addressing staffing needs at United States embassies in Pacific Island countries; and
(2) provide a briefing to the appropriate committees of Congress that includes--
(A) a discussion of the contents of the report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1); and
(B) nonfinancial incentives offered to Foreign Service officers serving at United States embassies in Pacific Island countries, including mission-specific training.
(b) Contents.--The report required under subsection (a)(1) shall include--
(1) steps to implement the findings included in the Foreign Service officer allowances report required under section 5302 of the Department of State Authorization Act of 2021 (division E of Public Law 117-81) to provide incentives for Foreign Service officers to serve in Pacific Island countries, including--
(A) hardship and danger pay;
(B) the opportunity to provide one-grade stretches before stretch season and allow bidding on Pacific Island country posts on the early assignment cycle;
(C) eligibility to receive student loan repayments;
(D) incentive pay to extend tours at Pacific Island country posts;
(E) additional recreation entitlements;
(F) priority consideration for onward assignments;
(G) opportunities to serve repeated tours in the same region to develop expertise while aiding career advancement; and
(H) consideration of United States embassies in Pacific Island countries for Special Incentive Post designation eligibility;
(2) the status of the virtual schooling pilot program undertaken by the Office of Overseas Schools and other programs designed to support the dependents and spouses of diplomats stationed at Pacific Island country posts;
(3) current administrative requirements, including reporting requirements, required for embassies in Pacific Island countries and proposals for how to lower the administrative burden on small embassies; and
(4) any additional measures and financial and nonfinancial incentives to encourage Foreign Service officers to seek assignments to, and remain at, hardship posts in countries where addressing growing and malign foreign government influence is especially critical to United States interests, especially at new posts in remote locations, such as the United States embassies in the Kingdom of Tonga, the Solomon Islands, and the Republic of Vanuatu.
SEC. 8104. ENDURING FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY INCENTIVE
PAY.
(a) Enduring Foreign Language Proficiency Incentive Pay.--
(1) In general.--Not later than January 1, 2027, the Secretary shall establish an additional pay structure for members of the Foreign Service designed to incentivize enduring foreign language proficiency.
(2) Objective.--The objective of the additional incentive pay established pursuant to paragraph (1) is to promote the retention of language skills among members of the Foreign Service, even when the current posts they fill are not language designated or otherwise do not require regular use of the critical languages in question.
(3) Elements.--The Secretary may consider the following elements when devising the new incentive pay structure:
(A) Concurrent receipt.--A member of the Foreign Service who is already receiving another form of language incentive pay for a certain language is not eligible to concurrently receive enduring language proficiency incentive pay under this section.
(B) Certification.--Enduring proficiency in a designated critical language shall be subject to annual certification by the Secretary.
(C) Multiple languages.--Individuals who continue to meet proficiency requirements in multiple languages may be eligible to receive enduring language incentive pay for each of such languages.
(D) Language categories.--The Secretary may design the enduring incentive pay on a scale that provides a range of payments reflecting the difficulty of the language skills in question, encompassing world languages, difficult world languages, hard languages and super hard languages.
(b) Reports.--
(1) Initial report and briefing.--The Secretary shall provide an initial report and briefing to the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives that describes the structure and planned implementation for the new incentive pay structure authorized under this section.
(2) Annual reports.--The Secretary shall submit an annual report to the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives that--
(A) describes the use of the new incentive pay structure authorized under this section by members of the Foreign Service;
(B) identifies the number of recipients of the language proficiency incentive payment authorized under this section and the specific languages for which such incentive pay is being offered; and
(C) contains any other information the Secretary considers relevant.
SEC. 8105.
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SUPPORT FOR REGIONAL MEDICAL OFFICER
PSYCHIATRISTS.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the Sense of Congress that--
(1) regional medical officer psychiatrists play an integral role in ensuring the readiness of Department personnel stationed abroad; and
(2) trained clinical social workers can be an asset to the Department by supporting the sparse number of regional medical officer psychiatrists stationed at United States diplomatic posts worldwide.
(b) Hiring Quotas.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 4 years, the Secretary shall hire not fewer than 20 trained social workers to support the work of regional medical officer psychiatrists at United States diplomatic posts worldwide.
(c) Annual Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 4 years, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that--
(1) identifies the number of trained social workers hired by the Department during the previous calendar year;
(2) identifies the total number of trained social workers employed by the Department as of the date on which such report is submitted; and
(3) lists each United States diplomatic post at which trained social workers are currently stationed, including the number of trained social workers stationed at each post.
SEC. 8106. WORKFORCE EXIT INTERVIEWS.
Section 5402 of the Department of State Authorization Act of 2021 (division E of Public Law 117-81; 22 U.S.C. 2736) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b), by striking "provide an opportunity for an exit interview to" and inserting "conduct exit interviews with"; and
(2) by inserting at the end the following:
"(e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027, and annually thereafter for the following 10 years, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that--
"(1) describes the Department's process for conducting exit interviews with Foreign Service officers;
"(2) identifies any changes the Department has made to the exit interview process during the previous calendar year; and
"(3) describes any trends in the responses the Department has received from exit interviews conducted with Foreign Service officers during the previous calendar year.".
SEC. 8107. INTEGRATION OF MARINE SECURITY GUARD DETACHMENTS
AT UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC POSTS.
(a) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that--
(1) assesses the level of integration of Marine Security Guard Detachments into communities of personnel under Chief of Mission authority at United States diplomatic posts abroad;
(2) describes the steps the Secretary and Chiefs of Mission are taking to better integrate Marine Security Guard Detachments into communities of personnel under Chief of Mission authority at United States diplomatic posts abroad;
(3) describes the steps the Secretary and Chiefs of Mission are taking to support mental health and improve the quality of life of Marine Security Guard Detachments at United States diplomatic posts abroad; and
(4) identifies any barriers the Secretary perceives as inhibiting--
(A) greater integration of Marine Security Guard Detachments into communities of personnel under Chief of Mission authority at United States diplomatic posts abroad; and
(B) improvements to the quality of life of Marine Security Guard Detachments at United States diplomatic posts abroad.
SEC. 8108. ADDITIONS TO REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR DEATHS AT
POST.
Section 57 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2729(a)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(d) Congressional Notification.--Not later than 30 days after any overseas death from nonnatural causes of any United States citizen under Chief of Mission authority or of any family member of a United States citizen under Chief of Mission authority, the Secretary shall submit written notification, which may include a classified annex, to the congressional committees with jurisdiction over such matters that includes--
"(1) the date of such person's death;
"(2) the location where such death occurred, including the municipality, state or province, and country;
"(3) the cause of such death, including--
"(A) information on the circumstances of such death; and
"(B) if the death resulted from an act of terrorism or suicide, a statement disclosing such information; and
"(4) such other information as the Secretary shall consider appropriate.".
SEC. 8109. POLICY ON NEGOTIATION OF BILATERAL WORK
AGREEMENTS.
(a) In General.--In each country in which the Department maintains a United States embassy or consulate, the Secretary shall seek to negotiate and establish a bilateral work agreement with the host government that covers eligible family members of United States direct hire personnel employed by the Department.
(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
(1) a list of every country in which there is an active bilateral work agreement negotiated between the Department and the host government; and
(2) the status of the Department's efforts to negotiate bilateral work agreements in all other countries not included in the list described in paragraph (1), including--
(A) the primary obstacle the Department faces in each country to securing such a bilateral work agreement; and
(B) how the Department is working to overcome such obstacle.
SEC. 8110. COVERAGE OF RETURN COSTS.
The Department, to the maximum extent practicable, shall pay for costs incurred by members of the Foreign Service that directly result from duties required as part of their return to the United States at the time of their retirement from the Foreign Service.
SEC. 8111. REQUIREMENT FOR UYGHUR LANGUAGE TRAINING.
(a) Uyghur Language Training and Staffing.--The Secretary may take such steps as may be necessary to ensure--
(1) Uyghur language training is available to Foreign Service officers; and
(2) efforts are made to ensure that at least 1 Uyghur-speaking member of the Service (as defined in section 103 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3903)) is assigned to--
(A) at least 1 United States diplomatic or consular post in the People's Republic of China; and
(B) at least 1 United States diplomatic post in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, or Turkey.
(b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Foreign Service Institute shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that outlines all of the steps that have been taken to implement subsection (a).
SEC. 8112. EXTENSION OF POST-EMPLOYMENT RESTRICTIONS ON
SENATE-CONFIRMED OFFICIALS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF
STATE.
(a) Extension.--Section 1(m)(7) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(m)(7)) is amended by striking "5 years after the date of the enactment of the Department of State Authorization Act of 2022" and inserting "5 years after the date of the enactment of the Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027".
(b) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes the implementation of the restrictions described in section 1(m) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(m)), including--
(1) a description of the actions of the Department since the date of enactment of the Department of State Authorization Act of 2022 (division I of Public Law 117-263) to provide applicable officials with the notice of restrictions required under section 1(m)(5) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(m)(5));
(2) a description of any guidance provided to the applicable officials before they left government service;
(3) a description of efforts by the Department to monitor and ensure compliance with the requirements under section 1(m) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(m)); and
(4) a list of any known or discovered violations of the restrictions set forth in section 1(m) of such Act and any steps taken in response to such violations.
(c) Countries of Concern.--Section 1(m)(1)(A) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(m)(1)(A)) is amended--
(1) in clause (iv), by adding "and" at the end;
(2) in clause (v), by striking "; and" and inserting a period; and
(3) by striking clause (vi).
SEC. 8113. REDUCING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING RELATED DELAYS
IN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSIGNMENTS.
(a) In General.--The Secretary shall ensure--
(1) Foreign Service officers with critical language skills are prioritized for posts that require hard and super hard language skills; and
(2) such officers are not excluded from bidding due to language requirements for officers with lesser language skills.
(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes--
(1) any barriers that exist within the Foreign Service assignment process and foreign language training requirements within the Foreign Service that delay Foreign Service officers who do not require additional foreign language training from being selected for assignments that generally include a language training requirement; and
(2) steps the Secretary is taking to eliminate delays in the timely deployment of Foreign Service officers who do not require additional foreign language training to their next assignment.
SEC. 8114. ENSURING FULL STAFFING OF THE COUNTERING RUSSIAN
INFLUENCE FUND.
(a) Report Required.--Not later than 45 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to
the appropriate congressional committees that--
(1) identifies the number of full-time staff dedicated to the Countering Russian Influence Fund Unit established under section 5160 of the Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (division E of Public Law 119-60; 22 U.S.C. 9543 note), including a staffing plan for the upcoming calendar year;
(2) describes the priorities identified for the unit, consistent with section 254 of the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017 (title II of subtitle B of Public Law 115-44);
(3) describes the unit's efforts to counter Russian influence and hybrid activities, including sabotage, information operations, weaponized migration, strategic corruption, and other activities described in paragraph (2), in the Europe and Eurasia regions; and
(4) describes monitoring and evaluation tools and metrics to ensure that the unit's objectives are being met.
(b) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 8115. FACILITATING MOVES FOR DOMESTIC EMPLOYEES
TELEWORKING OVERSEAS.
The Secretary shall prescribe regulations authorizing the Department to pay the costs associated with moving domestic employees teleworking overseas who are spouses of Department employees, and their personal belongings, directly from the Department employee's overseas post to the Department employee's next overseas post.
SEC. 8116.
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STRENGTHENING THE DEPARTMENT'S CAPACITY FOR
ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGY COMPETITION.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) Critical and emerging technologies.--The term "critical and emerging technologies" means technologies selected by the Secretary, in consultation with other Federal agencies, from the critical and emerging technologies list published by the National Science and Technology Council at the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
(b) In General.--The Secretary shall require the National Foreign Affairs Training Center to provide Foreign Service officers with a course covering Department cyber, digital, and critical and emerging technologies policies.
(c) Annual Training Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually for the following 5 years, the Secretary shall submit a report to appropriate congressional committees describing the development of the course required under subsection (b), including--
(1) a list of topics covered by the course;
(2) the number of course attendees during the previous calendar year;
(3) where such attendees were subsequently posted or assigned; and
(4) any additional resources required to maintain the course.
(d) Technology Pathway Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress assessing the feasibility and advisability of establishing a dedicated technology pathway for Foreign Service officers.
(e) Report on Restrictive Economic Measures.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter for the following 4 years, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees describing its tools for undertaking restrictive economic measures.
(2) Elements.--Each report required under paragraph (1) shall--
(A) list tools for which--
(i) the Department serves as the lead agency; or
(ii) for which the Department participates in an interagency process and can propose targets or measures, including sanctions, export controls, and investment review mechanisms;
(B) describe the role of the Department in developing, considering, and implementing such measures, including--
(i) the source of the authority; and
(ii) the lead bureau and office for each authority; and
(C) describe the Department's capacity to assess such measures consistent with United States foreign policy objectives.
(3) Form of report.--Each report required under paragraph (2) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 8201. STREAMLINING MOVE PROCEDURES.
(a) In General.--The Secretary shall ensure United States diplomatic posts receive support from Department headquarters when conducting a permanent move from one facility to another facility, including by establishing--
(1) a Department move handbook containing best practices, lessons learned from previous post moves, and a repository of templates and resources that is updated not less frequently than every 5 years; and
(2) a feedback loop between move coordinators and the Department headquarters to ensure lessons learned are recorded at the completion of every post move.
(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees detailing steps the Department has taken to meet the requirements described in subsection (a).
SEC. 8202. STREAMLINING ARCTIC AMBASSADOR RESPONSIBILITIES.
Section 5143 of the Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (division E of Public Law 119-60; 22 U.S.C. 2651a note) is amended--
(1) by striking subsection (d);
(2) by redesignating subsections (e), (f), (g), (h), and (i) as subsections (d), (e), (f), (g) and (h), respectively; and
(3) in subsection (d)(3), as redesignated, by inserting ", in coordination with the senior officials of the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, and the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs," after "Affairs".
SEC. 8203. ADVERSARY ALIGNMENT.
The Secretary shall convene an annual meeting of relevant Department officials covering Iran, the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to discuss how these adversarial countries are--
(1) cooperating;
(2) coordinating on shared priorities;
(3) providing military, economic, intelligence, and diplomatic support to the other countries;
(4) facilitating sanctions evasion, transshipment of controlled goods, and illicit financial activity; and
(5) sharing lessons-learned about ongoing conflicts in which they are involved.
SEC. 8204. STRATEGY ON DEPARTMENT PLAN TO REOPEN DIPLOMATIC
FACILITIES IN SYRIA.
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a strategy to the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives that--
(1) indicates when the Department intends to reinstate a diplomatic presence in Syria;
(2) includes an analysis of the timeline required for the Department to reopen its diplomatic facilities within Syria, including a cost estimate for reopening such facilities;
(3) describes the necessary diplomatic security measures needed to maintain full-time diplomatic operations in Syria; and
(4) includes recommendations for steps the Department could take to improve its ability to establish and maintain full-time diplomatic operations in Syria.
SEC. 8205. AMENDMENT TO REFLECT THE BUREAU OF MEDICAL
SERVICES.
Section 1(p) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(p)) is amended--
(1) in the subsection heading, by striking "Office of" and inserting "Bureau of"; and
(2) in paragraph (1), by striking "Office of Medical Services," and inserting "Bureau of Medical Services".
SEC. 8301. INTERNAL REPORT ON SMART CABLE ANALYTICS.
During the 2-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall compile and publish, within the Department, a semiannual report on SMART cable analytics that includes, for every cable transmitted from the Department headquarters in Washington, D.C.--
(1) the date on which the cable was transmitted;
(2) a brief title that reflects the topic of the cable;
(3) the official, bureau, or office within the Department from which the cable originated;
(4) the number of Department employees who received the cable; and
(5) the number of Department employees who opened the cable.
SEC. 8302. GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ENABLED
LANGUAGE TRANSLATION.
(a) Program for Language Translation Capabilities.--Section 1(n) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(n)) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6); and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
"(5) Program for language translation capabilities.--
"(A) Establishment.--The Chief Information Officer, in coordination with the Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Officer, shall establish a program for the utilization of multi-modal generative artificial intelligence language translation capabilities within the Department of State.
"(B) Matters to be included.--The program required under subparagraph (A) shall--
"(i) include an automated, human-in-the-loop review and verification process option and a machine-only process option, which allows users to choose which process to utilize in adherence with Department policies;
"(ii) include real-time training and fine-tuning of translation models for use within different geographic regions and Department mission areas;
"(iii) be available on unclassified and classified information technology networks;
"(iv) be capable of generating original content in non-English languages; and
"(v) be available at all United States and overseas missions of the Department.
"(C) Department policies.--The Chief Information Officer shall ensure the deployment and use of artificial intelligence tools for language translation capabilities as part of this program adhere to Department policies, including the conditions whenever it is appropriate to use machine-only processes or automated human-in-the-loop review and verification processes.
"(D) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
"(i) Automated, human-in-the-loop review and verification process.--The term `automated, human-in-the-loop review and verification process' means an automated process within an artificial intelligence language translation system that requires human linguists to review and verify translations performed by an artificial intelligence model for accuracy prior to returning translated materials to a user.
"(ii) Machine-only process.--The term `machine-only process' means an artificial intelligence language translation capability that delivers a translation to a user without review by a human linguist.
"(iii) Multimodal.--The term `multi-modal' means multiple modes or formats of content to be translated, including audio, text, video, and text contained within images.".
(b) Briefing; Report.--The Chief Information Officer of the Department shall--
(1) not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, provide a briefing to the appropriate congressional committees regarding the status the program established under section 1(n)(5) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as amended by subsection (a); and
(2) not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees regarding the implementation of artificial intelligence applications within the Department to improve Department efficiency and mission operations, including specific discussion of the program referred to in paragraph (1).
SEC. 8401.
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MEGA-DECADE SPORTS DIPLOMACY.
(a) Definitions.--In this section, the terms "American decade of sports" and "mega-decade of sports" mean the major international sporting competitions hosted in the United States between 2024 and 2034, including--
(1) the 2024 Copa America;
(2) the 2025 Club World Cup;
(3) the 2026 FIFA World Cup;
(4) the 2028 Summer Olympics and Paralympics;
(5) the 2031 Men's and 2033 Women's Rugby World Cup; and
(6) the 2034 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.
(b) Mega-decade Sports Diplomacy Strategy.--
(1) Submission of initial strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a 5-year sports diplomacy strategy to strategically leverage the major sporting events being hosted in the United States to enhance United States soft power, diplomatic relationships, and global leadership.
(2) Submission of subsequent strategy.--Not later than 5 years after the date on which the initial strategy is submitted pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a subsequent 5-year strategy that is similar to the strategy required under paragraph (1), but also includes evaluations of lessons learned from international sporting events held in the United States during the previous 5-year period.
(3) Elements.--The strategies required under paragraphs (1) and (2) shall include--
(A) a description of the Department's diplomatic objectives and metrics of success related to the mega-decade of sports;
(B) a plan to partner with local host cities, diaspora communities, creatives, athletes, the sports industry, private sector entities, human rights organizations, and civil society stakeholders surrounding the competitions for the purpose of showcasing United States national strengths and forging new diplomatic connections;
(C) a Department coordination plan for leveraging sporting events to advance various diplomatic lines of effort, including by--
(i) integrating sports diplomacy into regional bureaus' bilateral engagements and efforts to pursue new areas of cooperation with foreign partners;
(ii) integrating sports into public diplomacy to reach new foreign audiences that might not otherwise engage with United States embassies abroad; and
(iii) leveraging sports diplomacy to advance commercial diplomacy;
(D) a description of the financial and personnel support needed to implement the 5-year sports diplomacy strategy; and
(E) any plans to deploy domestic public diplomacy resources, such as the Cultural Unit and Foreign Press Center established during the 1984 Summer Olympic Games, to enable foreign visitors to engage with American culture and values.
(4) Public availability.--The strategies required under paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be made publicly available on an internet website of the Department not later than--
(A) 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, with respect to the strategy required under paragraph (1); and
(B) 5 years after the date described in subparagraph (A), with respect to the strategy required under paragraph (2).
(5) Consultation.--The Secretary shall--
(A) consult with the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives regarding the elements of the strategies required under paragraphs (1) and (2) before submitting either strategy; and
(B) provide information regarding the implementation of the most recently submitted strategy every 180 days during the period beginning on the date of such submission and ending on December 31, 2034.
(c) Office of Sports Diplomacy.--
(1) In general.--The Office of Sports Diplomacy (referred to in this subsection as the "Office") is established in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the Department.
(2) Functions.--The Office shall manage sports diplomacy exchange programs and implement the strategies required under subsections (b), including by coordinating with Department and interagency stakeholders--
(A) to coordinate the implementation of the strategy across relevant bureaus, directorates, and offices of the Department;
(B) to work with host cities and their social, political, and economic partners to identify new avenues for engagement with foreign entities;
(C) to engage local diaspora communities to deepen people-to-people connections with foreign visitors and officials;
(D) to partner with the United States sports industry, major sports leagues, and individual athletes to promote new international sports partnerships and sports diplomacy programs;
(E) to collaborate with host cities' international trade and tourism offices to deepen economic and commercial ties with foreign nations; and
(F) to elevate United States arts, film, and music creators to promote cultural exchange and connection with foreign visitors.
(3) Sunset.--This subsection shall cease to have any force or effect beginning on the date that is 10 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(d) Annual Implementation Reports.--Not later than 1year after the submission of the strategy required under subsection (b)(1), and annually thereafter until December 31, 2034, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees describing the progress made toward achieving the objectives of this section.
SEC. 8402. STRENGTHENING UNITED STATES RESPONSE TO
ADVERSARIAL PROPAGANDA.
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a plan to the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives related to the Strategy transmitted to Congress on March 6, 2026, entitled "A Comprehensive Strategy to Counter Anti-U.S. Propaganda", which shall--
(1) identify the bureau leading Department efforts to counter foreign adversarial propaganda;
(2) identify the number of full-time personnel, part-time personnel, and contractors, respectively, dedicated to countering foreign adversarial propaganda;
(3) describe how the Department will ensure the use of commercial tools to detect and expose adversarial foreign social media accounts and troll campaigns prioritizes foreign accounts and campaigns aimed at sowing discord in the United States and in allied and partner countries originating in--
(A) the People's Republic of China;
(B) the Russian Federation;
(C) the Islamic Republic of Iran; or
(D) the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;
(4) assess the resources necessary to counter the Russian Federation's efforts to leverage the People's Republic of China's social media platforms; and
(5) describe how the Department will accomplish the action described in paragraph (4) during the 1-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 8501. REPORT ON CONSULAR AFFAIRS OFFICERS JOINING UNITED
STATES MISSIONS TO PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) Pacific Island countries, especially the Freely Associated States, are close United States partners located across highly strategic waters that are critical for United States national security; and
(2) it is in the national security interests of the United States to maintain and strengthen relations with the governments and citizens of Pacific Island countries.
(b) Defined Term.--In this section, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(3) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
(4) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate;
(5) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(6) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives;
(7) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives; and
(8) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
(c) Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, the Commander of United States Indo-Pacific Command, and the Chief of Naval Operations, shall submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress that analyzes the feasibility of attaching Department consular officers to Coast Guard and Navy missions in Pacific Island countries.
(2) Elements.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall include--
(A) an assessment of--
(i) the current demand for consular services from citizens of Pacific Island countries; and
(ii) the challenges such citizens face in obtaining consular services;
(B) an assessment of the approximate value, including in time and resources saved, the initiative described in paragraph (1) could save citizens of Pacific Island countries that do not host United States embassies by having their United States consular decisions adjudicated or receiving other consular services;
(C) an assessment of the cost that would be incurred by the Department, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Indo-Pacific Command, and the United States Navy from the implementation of such initiative, including potential alternative cost-effective options and recommendations for providing consular services to citizens of Pacific Island countries;
(D) an assessment of the frequency and duration of Coast Guard and Navy deployments to Pacific Island countries, including--
(i) deployment frequency measured against the desired number of visits;
(ii) the amount of time typically spent in port for such visits; and
(iii) disruptions to planned Coast Guard and Navy missions in order to visit locations needing consular assistance; and
(E) an evaluation of the logistical issues to be addressed to implement the initiative described in paragraph (1), including--
(i) an analysis of the spacing requirements to host Department personnel and equipment aboard the various types of Coast Guard and Navy vessels that make port calls to the Pacific Islands;
(ii) an analysis of the information technology and connectivity requirements to conduct consular affairs activities in the Pacific Islands;
(iii) the feasibility of printing visas aboard Coast Guard and Navy vessels;
(iv) maintaining the physical security of consular officers and relevant adjudication equipment, during such missions;
(v) the impacts to Coast Guard and Navy vessels' operations and security; and
(vi) the estimated time consular officers would spend on board Coast Guard and Navy vessels between visits to Pacific Island countries.
SEC. 8502. SECURE EMBASSY CONSTRUCTION AND COUNTERTERRORISM
ACT OF 2022 IMPLEMENTATION REPORT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives detailing the steps the Department has taken to implement amendments made to the Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 1999 (title VI of division A of H.R.
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3427, as enacted into law by section 1000(a)(7) of Public Law 106-113 and contained in appendix G of that Act) after the date of the enactment of the Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 2022 (title XCIII of Public Law 117-263).
(b) Contents.--The report required under subsection (a) shall include--
(1) an overview of the Department's approach to implementing the amendments made to the Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 1999 by the Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 2022;
(2) a description of the guidelines the Secretary has adopted to collect and utilize information from each diplomatic post at which the construction of a new embassy compound or new consulate compound could result in the closure or co-location of an American Space that is owned and operated by the United States Government (commonly known as an "American Center"), or any other public diplomacy facility under the Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 1999;
(3) a list of every instance in which the Secretary utilized the authorities established by the Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 2022, including an explanation of why such authorities were determined to be necessary in each instance;
(4) an assessment of cost savings, disaggregated by year and efficiencies gained, by the Department as a result of the amendments to the Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 1999 made by the Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 2022; and
(5) an assessment of how, if at all, the Secure Embassy Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 1999 could be further amended to ensure the Department's risk calculus is calibrated in a manner that best advances United States interests abroad, while simultaneously ensuring the safety and security of United States personnel and diplomatic posts.
SEC. 8503. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE UNIT AT ALL CRITICAL
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE THREAT POSTS.
The Secretary shall require that each United States diplomatic post rated critical for counterintelligence threats to employ not fewer than 1 full-time Diplomatic Security agent at all times.
SEC. 8504. AUTHORIZATION OF CERTAIN PUBLIC LIBRARIES TO
COLLECT AND RETAIN FEES FOR THE ACCEPTANCE AND
EXECUTION OF PASSPORT APPLICATIONS.
(a) In General.--Subsection (a) of the Passport Act of June 4, 1920 (22 U.S.C. 214(a)), is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(4) The Secretary of State may authorize a public library that is organized as a nongovernmental organization, a nonprofit, a charitable organization, or a trust and is in compliance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of State for the acceptance and execution of passport applications--
"(A) to serve as a passport acceptance facility; and
"(B) to collect and retain the execution fee for a passport accepted by such public library.".
(b) Authorization of Public Libraries That Previously Served as Passport Acceptance Facilities.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall authorize any public library to serve as a passport acceptance facility and to collect and retain an execution fee for a passport accepted by such library, if, before the date of the enactment of this Act, such public library--
(A) had served as a passport acceptance facility; and
(B) was in compliance with the regulations prescribed by the Secretary for the acceptance and execution of passport applications.
(2) Report.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
(A) documentation of the Secretary's compliance with the requirements described in paragraph (1); or
(B) if the Secretary is not in compliance with such requirements, an explanation for such noncompliance.
(c) Conforming Amendment.--Subsection (a)(1) of the Passport Act of June 4, 1920 (22 U.S.C. 214(a)(1)), is amended--
(1) by striking "State officials or the United States Postal Service" and inserting "a State, a local government, the United States Postal Service, or a public library that meets the requirements described in paragraph (4)"; and
(2) by striking "by such officials or by that Service." and inserting "by such State, local government, Postal Service, or public library.".
SEC. 8505. REVIEW OF TOUR LENGTHS FOR FOREIGN SERVICE
OFFICERS AT CRITICAL HUMAN INTELLIGENCE THREAT
POSTS.
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives that--
(1) evaluates the length of Foreign Service postings at critical Human Intelligence threat posts identified in the Security Environment Threat List;
(2) assesses the counterintelligence or safety risks of current tour of duty lengths;
(3) determines whether changes at specific posts are necessary to mitigate counterintelligence safety risks referred to in paragraph (2); and
(4) describes the changes the Department is making in accordance with the determination under paragraph (3) and the timeline for implementing such changes.
SEC. 8506. MODERNIZATION OF CONSULAR FORMS.
(a) In General.--The Secretary shall ensure that all consular forms managed by the Bureau of Consular Affairs are mobile responsive and have an electronic signature option.
(b) Briefing and Certification.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
(1) brief the appropriate congressional committees regarding the status of the modernization efforts described in subsection (a); and
(2) submit written certification to the appropriate congressional committees that all consular forms managed by the Bureau of Consular Affairs are mobile responsive and have an electronic signature option.
(c) Rule of Construction.--The requirement under subsection (a) may not be construed as a requirement to eliminate any paper forms.
SEC. 8507. EXPANSION OF LIMITED CONSULAR APPOINTMENT
AUTHORITY.
Section 309 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3949) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ", or 8 years in duration for personnel performing consular services," after "may not exceed 5 years in duration"; and
(2) in subsection (b)(6)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking "or" at the end;
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting "; or"; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
"(C) a limited noncareer appointment for a period not to exceed 2 years, in the case of personnel performing consular services.".
SEC. 8508. REPORT ON INDEFINITE SUSPENSIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
THE CIVIL SERVICE.
Section 610(c)(5) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4010(c)(5)) is amended by inserting "and each member of the Civil Service whose security clearance remains suspended for more than one calendar year" after "one calendar year".
SEC. 8509. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USE FOR ONLINE PRESENCE
REVIEW.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the integration of artificial intelligence (referred to in this section as "AI") into Consular Affairs work for visa adjudication requires measures to be taken to reduce the likelihood of negative results or discriminatory outcomes; and
(2) as AI technologies are utilized for efficiency, human oversight remains critical and visa adjudication decisions must ultimately rest with consular officers.
(b) Report on Implementation of AI for Online Presence Review.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees describing how the Department uses AI to review the online presence and other information of visa candidates.
(c) Report Elements.--The report required under subsection (b) shall describe--
(1) the Bureau of Diplomatic Technology's implementation plan;
(2) the specific ways consular officers are using AI in the visa adjudication process;
(3) how AI is being used to identify information and how such information is analyzed; and
(4) safeguards that are in place to protect the privacy of visa candidates, particularly minors.
SEC. 8601. AU PAIR REGULATION.
(a) Clarification of Exclusive Federal Regulatory Authority.--
(1) In general.--A State or political subdivision of a State may not enact or enforce a law, regulation, or other provision having the force or effect of law related to or that would impose additional or different terms or conditions upon the au pair program administered by the Department.
(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed to limit the application of State laws of general applicability, including criminal laws, that are unrelated to and do not alter or affect any area of Federal regulation applicable to the Department's au pair program.
(b) Revised Proposed Rule.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct an assessment and submit to the President a proposed rule that--
(1) provides a uniform national modification that--
(A) increases the stipend and the educational stipend provided by a host family to an au pair;
(B) reflects the room, board, and other programmatic costs borne by a host family; and
(C) sustains the same level of program participation by both au pairs and host families;
(2) enhances flexibility in the au pair program to accommodate unique family scheduling needs, including military families, first responders, single parents, shift workers, and other host families with non-traditional work schedules;
(3) ensures necessary safeguards are updated to protect the health and safety of au pairs, host families, and their children; and
(4) promotes the immersion of an au pair into the family life of their host family, consistent with the cultural exchange purposes of the au pair program.
SEC. 8602.
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REQUIREMENT FOR THINK TANKS TO DISCLOSE FOREIGN
FUNDING.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Covered organization.--The term "covered organization" means any United States think tank that received funding, including in the form of grants, from the Department in the previous calendar year.
(2) Covered source of funding.--The term "covered source of funding" means a foreign governmental entity from the People's Republic of China, the Islamic Republic of Iran, or the Russian Federation.
(3) Foreign governmental entity.--The term "foreign governmental entity" means--
(A) any department, agency, or other entity of a foreign government at the national, regional, or local level;
(B) any governing party or coalition of such a government, including subsidiary national, regional, or local level entities;
(C) any entity majority-owned or majority-controlled by such a government; or
(D) any company, economic project, cultural organization, exchange program, or nongovernmental organization that is more than 33 percent owned or controlled by such a government or advisors, consultants, or representatives of such a government.
(4) Think tank.--The term "think tank" means a stand-alone institution, organization, corporation, or group that studies public policy issues with the primary objective of providing information, ideas, and recommendations to United States Government entities regarding the development and implementation of policy.
(b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations requiring covered organizations to submit an annual disclosure to the Under Secretary of State for Management that describes--
(1) any funding, cooperative research or staffing agreements, or joint projects--
(A) received from or executed with a covered source of funding; and
(B) the purpose or subject of which relates to a topic the covered organization engages on with the Department; and
(2) any practices or processes undertaken by the covered organization to ensure that its research agenda or products are not influenced by covered sources of funding.
(c) Report Required.--Not later than 120 days after the effective date of the regulations prescribed under subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes--
(1) the status of implementing the regulations and any challenges or obstacles to such implementation;
(2) the offices within the Department that are responsible for implementing the regulations; and
(3) any recommendations to improve upon the regulations required under this section to overcome challenges to implementation.
SEC. 8603. MARKING AND BRANDING.
(a) In General.--Section 641 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2401) is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 641. MARKING AND BRANDING.
"The Secretary of State, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies implementing covered United States international assistance programs and funds, and with due consideration for the safety and security of implementing partners and beneficiaries, shall establish and prescribe the use of uniform branding and marking requirements to appropriately identify all goods provided to foreign beneficiaries under this Act, which shall include the flag of the United States and the words `from the American people'.".
(b) Audit.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Inspector General of the Department, or any equivalent or successor Inspector General charged with overseeing covered United States international assistance programs and funds, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees containing the results of an audit of compliance with relevant branding and marking requirements by partners implementing such programs and funds, including any requirements prescribed pursuant to section 641 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended by subsection (a).
(c) Definitions.--In this section, the term "covered United States international assistance programs and funds" means United States international assistance authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available to carry out--
(1) chapters 1 and 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq. and 22 U.S.C. 2293 et seq.), relating to Development Assistance or Global Health Programs;
(2) chapter 9 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2292 et seq.), relating to International Disaster Assistance and Transition Initiatives;
(3) chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.) relating to Economic Support Funds;
(4) the provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) relating to the Democracy Fund;
(5) chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2295 et seq.), the FREEDOM Support Act (Public Law 102-511; 22 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.), and the Support for Eastern European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (Public Law 101-179; 22 U.S.C. 5401 et seq.), relating to Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia;
(6) subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 2 of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. 2601), relating to Migration and Refugee Assistance and Emergency Migration and Refugee Assistance;
(7) the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.);
(8) section 509(b) of the Global Fragility Act of 2019 (title V of division J of Public Law 116-94), relating to the Complex Crisis Fund;
(9) the Global Health Security and International Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response Act of 2022 (subtitle D of title LV of division E of Public Law 117-263; 22 U.S.C. 2151b note);
(10) the United States African Development Foundation Act (title V of Public Law 96-533; 22 U.S.C. 290h et seq.);
(11) the provisions of section 401(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 (22 U.S.C. 290f(b)) relating to the Inter-American Foundation; and
(12) section 661 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2421), relating to the United States Trade and Development Agency.
SEC. 8604. PERMITTING FOR INTERNATIONAL BRIDGES AND LAND
PORTS OF ENTRY.
Section 6 of the International Bridge Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 535d) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking "December 31, 2024," and inserting "December 31, 2035,"; and
(ii) by striking subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), and inserting the following:
"(A) An international bridge between the United States and Mexico.
"(B) An international bridge between the United States and Canada.
"(C) A port of entry on the international land border between the United States and Mexico.
"(D) A port of entry on the international land border between the United States and Canada."; and
(B) in paragraph (2)(A)(ii), by inserting "or land port of entry" after "international bridge";
(2) in subsection (b), by inserting "or land port of entry" after "international bridge";
(3) in subsection (c)(2), by inserting "or land port of entry" after "international bridge";
(4) in subsection (f), by inserting "or land port of entry" after "international bridge" each place it appears.
SEC. 8605. ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT INCREASE FOR DIRECT
COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS AUTHORITY.
Section 23(h) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763(h)) is amended by striking "$100,000,000" and inserting "$300,000,000".
SEC. 8606. SUNSETTING THE 180-DAY COVID OBLIGATION AND
EXPENDITURE REPORTS.
Section 406(b) of the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (Public Law 116-123) is amended by striking "until all funds have been expended" and inserting "through Fiscal Year 2026".
SEC. 8607. CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATIONS.
Section 5172 of the Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (division E of Public Law 119-60; 22 U.S.C. 2680 note) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
"(c) Decisions Not to Support Travel.--
"(1) In general.--Any decision not to support congressional travel shall rest exclusively with the Chief of Mission of the relevant country or the Secretary of State and may not be delegated to any other official.
"(2) Justification.--Not later than 5 days after a decision not to support congressional travel, the deciding official shall provide the head of the congressional delegation with a specific written justification for such decision.".
SEC. 8608. MODIFICATION OF THE SPECIAL RULE FOR COUNTRIES
DOWNGRADED FROM AND REINSTATED TO THE TIER 2
WATCH LIST IN THE TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
REPORT.
(a) Modification to Special Rule for Downgraded and Reinstated Countries.--Section 110(b)(2)(F) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (division A of Public Law 106-386; 22 U.S.C. 7107(b)(2)(F)) is amended--
(1) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking "the special watch list" and all that follows through "the country--" and inserting "the Tier 2 watch list described in subparagraph (A) for more than 2 years immediately after the country consecutively--";
(2) in clause (i), in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking "the special watch list described in subparagraph (A)(iii)" and inserting "the Tier 2 watch list described in subparagraph (A)"; and
(3) in clause (ii), by inserting "in the year following such waiver under subparagraph (D)(ii)" before the period at the end.
SEC. 8609. UNITED STATES SUPPORT TO UNITED NATIONS
PEACEKEEPING DUPLICATIVE REPORTING.
Section 4(d)(5)(B) of the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287b(d)(5)(B)), is hereby repealed.
SEC. 8610. RESTRICTIONS ON STINGER MISSILE TRANSFERS TO
BAHRAIN.
Section 581(b) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public Law 101-167), is amended--
(1) in the subsection heading, by striking "Replacement";
(2) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking "in order to replace," and all that follows through "or otherwise destroyed";
(3) in paragraph (1), by striking "Replacement"; and
(4) in paragraph (2), by striking "replacement".
SEC. 8611. CHANGE TO THE MISSILE SANCTIONS LAWS STATUTORY
REFERENCES.
(a) Violations by United States Persons.--Section 11B(a) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. 4612(a)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)(A)(i), by striking "section 5 or 6 of this Act" and inserting "section 1753 of the Export Controls Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813)"; and
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking "section 11 of this Act" and inserting "section 1754 of the Export Controls Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4819)".
(b) Presumption That Item Is Designed for Use in a Missile.--Section 73(f) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2797b(f)) is amended by striking "for purposes of 4605(j)(1)(A) of title 50" and inserting "for purposes of section 1754 of the Export Controls Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A))".
SEC. 8612. CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATIONS UNDER THE ARMS EXPORT
CONTROL ACT.
(a) Dollar Amount Thresholds.--The Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C.
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2751 et seq.) is amended--
(1) in sections 3(d)(1), 3(d)(3)(A), 36(b)(1), 36(b)(5)(C), 36(c)(1), and 63(a)(1), by striking "$14,000,000" each place it appears and inserting "$25,000,000 (as adjusted pursuant to section 48)";
(2) in sections 3(d)(1), 3(d)(3)(A), 36(b)(1), 36(b)(5)(C), 36(c)(1), 47(6), 63(a)(1), and 71(d), by striking "$50,000,000" each place it appears and inserting "$88,000,000 (as adjusted pursuant to section 48)";
(3) in sections 3(d)(5)(A), 36(b)(6)(A), 36(c)(5)(A), and 63(a)(2)(A), by striking "$25,000,000" each place it appears and inserting "$44,000,000 (as adjusted pursuant to section 48)";
(4) in sections 3(d)(5)(B), 36(b)(6)(B), 36(c)(5)(B), and 63(a)(2)(B), by striking "$100,000,000" each place it appears and inserting "$175,000,000 (as adjusted pursuant to section 48)";
(5) in section 25(a)(1)--
(A) by striking "$7,000,000" and inserting "$12,000,000 (as adjusted pursuant to section 48)"; and
(B) by striking "25,000,000" and inserting "44,000,000 (as adjusted pursuant to section 48)";
(6) in section 36(a)(10), by striking "$250,000" each place it appears and inserting "$440,000 (as adjusted pursuant to section 48)";
(7) in sections 36(b)(1), 36(b)(5)(C), and 47(6), by striking "$200,000,000" each place it appears and inserting "$350,000,000 (as adjusted pursuant to section 48)";
(8) in section 36(b)(6)(C), by striking "$300,000,000" and inserting "$526,000,000 (as adjusted pursuant to section 48)"; and
(9) by adding after section 47 the following:
"SEC. 48. ADJUSTMENTS FOR INFLATION.
"(a) In General.--On the date that is 3 years after the date of the enactment of this section, and every 3 years thereafter, the amounts specified in subsection (b) shall be adjusted to reflect the percentage increase (if any) in inflation, as reflected by the increase in the average of the Consumer Price Index during the previous 3 years.
"(b) Amounts Specified.--The amounts specified in this subsection are the dollar amounts in--
"(1) paragraphs (1), (3)(A), (5)(A), and (5)(B) of section 3(d);
"(2) section 25(a)(1);
"(3) subsections (a)(10), (b)(1), (b)(5)(C), (b)(6)(A), (b)(6)(B), (b)(6)(C), (c)(1), (c)(5)(A), and (c)(5)(B) of section 36;
"(4) section 47(6);
"(5) paragraphs (1), (2)(A), and (2)(B) of section 63(a); and
"(6) section 71(d).
"(c) Defined Term.--In this section, the term `Consumer Price Index' means the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.".
(b) Information.--
(1) Foreign military sales.--Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2776(b)(1)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting, after "of such technology.", the following: "Upon the initial introduction of a new system or capability for the recipient country, such numbered certification shall also contain, submitted by the President, detailed information on how the proposed sale contributes to the United States' foreign policy objectives regarding that country and region, as well as how those objectives are being implemented and measured by the United States Mission in that country and the Department's relevant regional and functional bureaus.".
(2) Direct commercial sales.--Section 36(c)(1) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2776(c)(1)) is amended--
(A) by striking "and (C) a description of the items to be exported" and inserting "(C) a description of the items to be exported, and (D) the timeline for delivery of the items to be exported"; and
(B) by inserting, after "such offset agreement.", the following: "Upon the initial introduction of a new system or capability for the recipient country, such numbered certification shall also contain, submitted by the President, detailed information on how the proposed export contributes to the United States' foreign policy objectives regarding that country and region, as well as how those objectives are being implemented and measured by the United States Mission in that country and the Department's relevant regional and functional bureaus.".
(c) Quarterly Briefings.--Section 36 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2776) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(j) Quarterly Briefings.--Not less frequently than quarterly, the Secretary of State shall provide to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate an unclassified briefing on the letters of offers to sell, and licenses to export, defense articles or defense services under this Act issued during the preceding quarter for which a certification was
not required to be submitted to Congress under subsection (b) or (c).".
SEC. 8613. REPORT ON CRITICAL LANGUAGE EXPERTISE.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the Sense of Congress that--
(1) maintaining a robust cohort of Foreign Service officers proficient in critical languages is vital to United States national security; and
(2) the Department should take efforts to address unnecessary delays in assigning Foreign Service officers who possess the requisite language proficiencies to critical United States missions.
(b) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees on current expertise in critical languages at the Department.
(c) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:
(1) The number of speakers with Interagency Language Roundtable proficiency of 2+/3 or above in the Foreign Service and the Civil Service.
(2) A description of how the number of Department employees with proficiency in critical languages has changed over the most recent 5-year period.
(3) A summary of the Department's workforce incentives to develop critical language training and expertise.
(4) An assessment of whether the Department's current critical language capacity is sufficient to address the Department's global workforce needs, including with regard to strategic competition with the People's Republic of China.
(5) A description of any obstacles to assigning Department employees who already possess the requisite foreign language proficiency to critical United States missions, including the People's Republic of China, in a timely manner.
(6) A description of the critical language activities carried out by Foreign Service officers or Civil Service officers compared to activities carried out by contracted professional translators, including a justification for why contracted translators are utilized for particular activities.
SEC. 8614. USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO MEET
CONGRESSIONAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
(a) In General.--Every report the Department submits to the appropriate congressional committees shall contain--
(1) a disclosure indicating whether artificial intelligence tools were used to produce any part of the content of the report transmitted; and
(2) a certification that the report was reviewed and verified by a human user prior to submission.
SEC. 8615. MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION COMPACTS.
Section 609(j) of the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7708) is amended by adding the end the following new subsection:
"(m) Other Matters.--Funds appropriated or otherwise made available for a Compact under this section may only be obligated if--
"(1) such Compact obligates, or contains a commitment to obligate subject to the availability of appropriations and the mutual agreement of the parties to the Compact to proceed, the entire amount of the United States Government funding anticipated for the duration of the Compact; and
"(2) the Chief Executive Officer consults with the appropriate congressional committees at the commencement of the implementation period of a Compact.".
SEC. 8616. OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR FOREIGN
ASSISTANCE.
(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to provide for the independent and objective conduct and supervision of audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations funded with amounts authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available for foreign assistance.
(b) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(A) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives;
(E) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
(F) the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives.
(2) Foreign assistance.--The term "foreign assistance" means amounts authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available for any fiscal year for--
(A) programs currently or previously administered by the United States Agency for International Development and programs currently or previously administered by the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the United States African Development Foundation, or the Inter-American Foundation;
(B) programs funded with appropriations, other than Department of Defense appropriations, for foreign assistance programs administered pursuant to part I, chapters 1, 3, 8, 9, and 10 and part II, chapter 4 of the Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq., 2292 et seq., 2293 et seq., 2346 et seq.), sections 2(a) through (c) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. 2601), the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.), the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.), the United States African Development Foundation Act (title V of Public Law 96-533; 22 U.S.C. 290h et seq.), and the Food for Progress Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736o), or successor legislation;
(C) any other non-military foreign assistance programs including global health, development assistance, international disaster assistance, food assistance and food security, and economic support; and
(D) with regard to USAID, any other matter within the preview of the Office of the Inspector General for USAID upon the date of enactment of this Act.
(c) Office of the Inspector General for Foreign Assistance.--The Office of the Inspector General for the United States Agency for International Development is hereby redesignated as the "Office of the Inspector General for Foreign Assistance".
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The Office of the Inspector General for Foreign Assistance shall carry out activities in accordance with the purpose described in subsection (a).
(d) Amendments to Inspector General Act of 1978.--Chapter 4 of title 5, United States Code is amended--
(1) in section 401--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "the Agency for International Development,"; and
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking "the Administrator of the Agency for International Development,";
(2) in section 402(a), by adding at the end the following:
"(3) Department of state.--In the establishment of the Department of State, there is established--
"(A) an Office of Inspector General of the Department of State; and
"(B) an Office of Inspector General for Foreign Assistance.";
(3) in section 406(f)(3), by striking "Agency for International Development,";
(4) in section 409--
(A) in the section heading, by striking "Agency for International Development" and inserting "Inspector General for Foreign Assistance";
(B) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
"(a) Definition, Duties and Responsibilities of Inspector General for Foreign Assistance.--The Inspector General for Foreign Assistance shall exercise all duties and responsibilities of an Inspector General of an establishment with respect to any agency, with the exception of the Department of Defense, on all matters relating to foreign assistance including global health, development assistance, international disaster assistance, food assistance and food security, and economic support, including jurisdiction for--
"(1) all programs funded with appropriations, other than Department of Defense appropriations, for foreign assistance programs, other than Department of Defense programs, for foreign assistance programs administered pursuant to part I, chapters 1, 3, 8, 9, and 10 and part II, chapter 4 of the Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq., 2292 et seq., 2293 et seq., 2346 et seq.), sections 2(a) through (c) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. 2601), the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.), the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.), the United States African Development Foundation Act (title V of Public Law 96-533; 22 U.S.C. 290h et seq.), and the Food for Progress Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736o), or successor legislation; and
"(2) programs currently or previously administered by the United States Agency for International Development, and programs currently or previously administered by the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the United States African Development Foundation, or the Inter-American Foundation.";
(C) by redesignating subsections (b), (c), and (d) as subsections (d), (e), and (f), respectively;
(D) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
"(b) Coordination of Foreign Assistance Oversight.--The Inspector General for Foreign Assistance shall conduct audits, evaluations, inspections, and investigations by coordinating with the Offices of Inspectors General of the respective agencies responsible for--
"(1) all foreign assistance programs, other than Department of Defense programs, administered pursuant to part I, chapters 1, 3, 8, 9, and 10 and part II, chapter 4 of the Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq., 2292 et seq., 2293 et seq., 2346 et seq.), the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.), sections 2(a) through (c) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. 2601), the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.), the United States African Development Foundation Act (title V of Public Law 96-533; 22 U.S.C. 290h et seq.), and the Food for Progress Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736o), or successor legislation; and
"(2) programs currently or previously administered by the United States Agency for International Development, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the United States African Development Foundation, or the Inter-American Foundation.
"(c) Assistance From Federal Agencies.--
"(1) In general.--Upon request of the Inspector General for Foreign Assistance for information or assistance from any department, agency, or other entity of the Federal
Government, with the exception of the Department of Defense, the head of such entity shall, to the extent practicable and not in contravention of any existing law, furnish such information or assistance to the Inspector General, or an authorized designee.
"(2) Reporting of refused assistance.--Whenever information or assistance requested by the Inspector General is, in the judgment of the Inspector General, unreasonably refused or not provided, the Inspector General shall report the circumstances to the Secretary of State and the head of the entity concerned, as appropriate, and to the appropriate committees of Congress (as defined in section 8616(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027) without delay.";
(E) in subsection (d), as redesignated, by striking "of the Agency for International Development" and inserting "for Foreign Assistance";
(F) in subsection (e), as redesignated, by striking "Administrator of the Agency for International Development" and inserting "Secretary of State"; and
(G) in subsection (f), as redesignated, by striking "of the Agency for International Development" and inserting "for Foreign Assistance"; and
(5) in section 419(c)(3), by striking "of the United States Agency for International Development" and inserting "for Foreign Assistance".
(e) Availability of Previously Appropriated Funds.--Amounts otherwise available to the Office of Inspector General for the United States Agency for International Development shall remain available for the Office of the Inspector General for Foreign Assistance.
SEC. 8617. STRATEGY ON MARITIME ECONOMIC RESILIENCE.
Not later than 120 days after the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy on how United States economic assistance and international diplomatic engagement can better support maritime economies and exclusive economic zones. Such strategy shall include--
(1) a study on the regulatory and commercial barriers that hinder maritime economies;
(2) how the Department can improve interagency coordination to support the growth of maritime economies;
(3) the role external influence and actors, including the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, and the Islamic Republic of Iran play in impacting maritime economies;
(4) an analysis of regional efforts to strengthen maritime economies and the role the United States can play in supporting such cross-regional efforts;
(5) an assessment of beneficial training and exchange programs that center on supporting coastal communities, fisheries, ocean finance, industry expansion, and coastal and marine tourism, offshore energy production and transportation; and
(6) recommendations on--
(A) feasible programming that links commercial diplomacy with maritime economic development and exclusive maritime economic zones; and
(B) the role United States businesses can play in expanding and supporting partner countries emerging markets related to maritime economies.
(C) improving cooperation with allies on critical undersea infrastructure protection.
SEC. 8618. MODERNIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS RELATED
TO CRITICAL UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE.
(a) Diplomatic Engagement Required.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the heads of relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing--
(1) the findings of a review of international agreements relating to critical undersea infrastructure, including the Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables of 1884 (referred to in this section as the "1884 Convention"); and
(2) a plan to modernize the agreements referred to in paragraph (1), if applicable, or pursue new or additional bilateral or multinational agreements to address gaps or ambiguities in the legal protections applicable to the installation, operation, or protection of critical undersea infrastructure.
(b) Consultation With Congress.--In conducting the review required under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall consult with the appropriate congressional committees.
(c) Engagement With International Stakeholders.--In conducting the review required under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall seek to engage, as appropriate, other relevant international stakeholders to support negotiation of agreements described in subsection (a)(2).
(d) Coordination With Industry.--The Secretary shall consult with private owners and operators of critical undersea infrastructure, as appropriate, in conducting the review required under subsection (a)(1).
(e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress describing--
(1) the status of diplomatic efforts undertaken pursuant to subsection (a);
(2) the positions of other parties to the 1884 Convention and key non-party states with respect to modernization, including any diplomatic efforts to encourage additional countries to become signatories to the 1884 Convention, pending the review required under subsection (a)(1); and
(3) any obstacles to concluding a successor agreement or protocol and proposed measures to address those obstacles.
(f) Form.--The reports required under subsections (a) and (e) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(g) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
(D) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
(2) Critical undersea infrastructure.--The term "critical undersea infrastructure" means subsea communications infrastructure and subsea energy infrastructure.
(3) Relevant federal departments and agencies.--The term "relevant Federal departments and agencies" means--
(A) the Federal Communications Commission;
(B) the National Telecommunications and Information Administration;
(C) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
(D) the Maritime Administration;
(E) the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration;
(F) the United States Coast Guard; and
(G) any other Federal department or agency designated by the Secretary.
(4) Subsea communications infrastructure.--The term "subsea communications infrastructure" has the meaning given the term "submarine cable system" in section 1.70001(h) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, and any subsequent update to such definition.
(5) Subsea energy infrastructure.--The term "subsea energy infrastructure" means--
(A) subsea cables, pipelines, and other equipment installed on, beneath, or within the seabed for the purpose of--
(i) transmitting electricity, including via subsea electricity cables, subsea electricity transformers, or equipment related to the support of offshore energy production installations; or
(ii) transporting natural gas, oil, or hydrogen between land-based or off-shore infrastructure; and
(B) landing stations and facilities associated with the infrastructure described in clauses (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A).
SEC. 8619.
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EMBASSY EVACUATION AND NOTIFICATION PLANNING.
(a) Methodology to Capture Lessons Learned From Prior Embassy Evacuations.--The Secretary shall develop a formal, systematic methodology to capture lessons learned from prior embassy evacuations.
(b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives the methodology to capture lessons learned from prior embassy evacuations.
SEC. 8620. YOUNG AFRICAN LEADERS INITIATIVE.
(a) Short Titles.--This section may be cited as the "Young African Leaders Initiative Act of 2026" or the "YALI Act of 2026".
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the Young African Leaders Initiative, launched in 2010, is a signature effort to invest in the next generation of African leaders;
(2) Africa is a continent of strategic importance and it is vital for the United States to support strong and enduring partnerships with the next generation of African leaders;
(3) the United States Government should prioritize investments to build the capacity of emerging young African leaders in sub-Saharan Africa, including through efforts that--
(A) enhance leadership skills;
(B) encourage entrepreneurship;
(C) strengthen public administration and the role of civil society; and
(D) connect young African leaders continentally and globally across the private, civic, and public sectors; and
(4) youth in Africa have a positive impact on efforts to foster economic growth, improve public sector transparency and governance, and counter extremism and should be an area of focus for United States outreach on the African continent.
(c) Young African Leaders Initiative.--
(1) In general.--There is established the Young African Leaders Initiative (referred to in this section as "YALI"), which shall be carried out by the Secretary.
(2) Purpose.--YALI shall seek to build the capacity of young African leaders in sub-Saharan Africa in the areas of business, civic engagement, or public administration, including through efforts that--
(A) support young African leaders by offering professional development, training, and networking opportunities, particularly in
the areas of leadership, innovation, civic engagement, elections, internationally recognized human rights, entrepreneurship, good governance, peace and security, and public administration; and
(B) build relationships with African leaders to promote economic growth, strengthen ties between United States and African businesses, build resilience to predatory lending practices, and improve capacity in key economic areas such as tendering, bidding, and contract negotiations, budget management and oversight, anti-corruption, and establishment of clear policy and regulatory practices.
(3) Fellowships.--
(A) In general.--YALI shall support the participation in the United States in the Mandela Washington Fellowship for Young African Leaders of fellows from Africa who--
(i) are between 21 and 35 years of age;
(ii) have demonstrated strong capabilities in entrepreneurship, innovation, public service, and leadership; and
(iii) have had a positive impact in their communities, organizations, or institutions.
(B) Oversight.--The fellowships described in subparagraph (A) shall be overseen by the Secretary through the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs.
(C) Eligibility.--The Secretary shall establish and publish--
(i) eligibility criteria for participation as a fellow under subparagraph (A); and
(ii) criteria for determining which eligible applicants will be selected.
(4) Reciprocal exchanges.--Subject to the approval of the Secretary, United States citizens may--
(A) engage in reciprocal exchanges in connection with alumni of the fellowship described in paragraph (3); and
(B) collaborate on projects with such fellowship alumni.
(5) Activities.--
(A) United states-based activities.--The Secretary, in coordination with the heads of relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall oversee all United States-based activities carried out under YALI, including--
(i) the participation of Mandela Washington Fellows in a 6-week Leadership Institute at a United States educational institution in business, civic engagement, or public management, including academic sessions, site visits, professional networking opportunities, leadership training, community service, and organized cultural activities; and
(ii) the participation by Mandela Washington fellows in an annual Mandela Washington Fellowship Summit, to provide such Fellows the opportunity to meet with United States leaders from the private, public, and nonprofit sectors.
(B) Implementation.--The Secretary, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall carry out this subsection by seeking to partner with the private sector--
(i) to pursue public-private partnerships;
(ii) to leverage private sector expertise;
(iii) to expand networking opportunities; and
(iv) to identify funding and fellowship opportunities for YALI.
(6) Implementation plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall submit a plan to the appropriate congressional committees for implementing YALI, including--
(A) a description of clearly defined program goals, targets, and planned outcomes for each year and for the duration of implementation of the program;
(B) a strategy to monitor and evaluate the program and progress made toward achieving such goals, targets, and planned outcomes; and
(C) a strategy to ensure the program is promoting United States foreign policy goals in Africa, including ensuring that the program is clearly branded, paired with robust public diplomacy efforts, and incorporates participants from a variety of countries, including communities in Africa facing economic distress, civil conflict, persecution, and other challenges.
(7) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 4 years, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees, and publish in a publicly accessible, internet-based form, a report that includes--
(A) a description of the progress made toward achieving the goals, targets, and planned outcomes referred to in paragraph (6)(A), including an overview of the program implemented in the previous year and an estimated number of beneficiaries;
(B) an assessment of how YALI is contributing to and promoting United States-Africa relations, particularly in areas of increased private sector investment, trade promotion, support to civil society, improved public administration, promoting peace and security, and fostering entrepreneurship and youth empowerment; and
(C) recommendations for improvements or changes to YALI and the implementation plan, if any, that would improve their effectiveness during subsequent years of YALI's implementation.
(8) Defined term.--In this subsection, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(d) Sunset.--The requirements set forth in paragraphs (6) and (7) of subsections (c) shall cease to have any force or effect beginning on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 8700. SHORT TITLES.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Sanctioning Harborers And Dodgers Of Western Sanctions Act of 2026" or the "SHADOW Fleet Act of 2026".
CHAPTER 1--SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
SEC. 8701. DEFINITIONS.
In this chapter:
(1) Adequate maritime insurance.--
(A) In general.--The term "adequate maritime insurance" means--
(i) verified documentation evidencing protection and indemnity insurance, cargo insurance, and hull and machinery insurance, with audited financial statements of the insurer;
(ii) records demonstrating compliance with relevant statutes and regulations regarding the insured subject matter; and
(iii) a commitment to provide, upon reasonable request, evidence needed by the insurer, reinsurer, or broker to satisfy themselves or any regulator of such compliance.
(B) Exclusion.--The term "adequate maritime insurance" does not include insurance provided by an insurer that--
(i) is organized under the laws of the Russian Federation; and
(ii) continues to provide coverage to any vessel designated for the imposition of sanctions under the laws of the United States, the European Union, or the United Kingdom without a specific waiver of or exception to the application of such sanctions.
(2) Admitted; alien; lawfully admitted for permanent residence.--The terms "admitted", "alien", and "lawfully admitted for permanent residence" have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
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1101).
(3) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
(4) Beneficial owner.--The term "beneficial owner" means, with respect to a vessel, any individual who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise--
(A) exercises substantial control over the vessel; or
(B) owns not less than 25 percent of the vessel.
(5) Foreign person.--The term "foreign person" means an individual or entity that is not a United States person.
(6) Foreign vessel.--The term "foreign vessel" means a vessel that is not a vessel of the United States (as defined in section 116 of title 46, United States Code).
(7) Knowingly.--The term "knowingly", with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result.
(8) Petroleum product.--The term "petroleum product" means oil of any kind or in any form, crude oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, fuel oil, kerosene, any product obtained from refining or processing of crude oil, liquefied petroleum gases, natural gas liquids, petrochemical feedstocks, condensate, waste or refuse mixtures containing any of such oil products, and any other liquid hydrocarbon compounds.
(9) Russian-origin petroleum product.--The term "Russian-origin petroleum product" means a petroleum product extracted, refined, processed, or otherwise produced in the Russian Federation.
(10) Russian person.--The term "Russian person" means--
(A) a citizen or national of the Russian Federation; or
(B) an entity organized under the laws of the Russian Federation or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation.
(11) Russian shadow fleet.--The term "Russian shadow fleet" means any foreign vessel or vessels used or directed by or on behalf of the Russian Federation to transport Russian-origin petroleum products in circumvention of sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation by the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, or other countries.
(12) Sabotage activities.--The term "sabotage activities" means actions, or preparations for actions, taken with the intent to cause defective production, operation, or damage to critical undersea infrastructure, including energy pipelines, offshore energy facilities, or subsea power lines and telecommunications cables and associated landing stations and facilities.
(13) United states person.--The term "United States person" means--
(A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States;
(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction
within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; or
(C) a person in the United States.
Subchapter A--Sanctions With Respect to Russian Shadow Fleet
SEC. 8702. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO VESSELS
SUSPECTED OF PARTICIPATION IN OR SUPPORT OF THE
RUSSIAN SHADOW FLEET.
(a) In General.--Beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the President may impose the sanctions described in section 8709 with respect to any Russian shadow fleet vessel that, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, transports Russian-origin petroleum or petroleum products in circumvention of sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation by the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, or other countries, including--
(1) any Russian shadow fleet vessel the owner or operator of which knowingly--
(A) exhibits or engages in unsafe or nonstandard maritime behavior in furtherance of the transportation of Russian-origin petroleum products that originated in the Russian Federation; or
(B) lacks adequate maritime insurance for the transport of goods described in subparagraph (A);
(2) any foreign person that the President determines knowingly--
(A) owns, operates, or manages a vessel described in paragraph (1);
(B) provides underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance necessary for such a vessel after sanctions are imposed with respect to the vessel;
(C) facilitates deceptive or structured transactions to support a vessel described in paragraph (1);
(D) provides services or facilities for technology upgrades or installation of equipment for, or retrofitting or tethering of, a vessel described in paragraph (1) for the purpose of evading sanctions;
(E) provides services for the testing, inspection, or certification for a vessel described in paragraph (1) for the purpose of evading sanctions;
(F) serves as a master of such a vessel; or
(G) transfers or leases to the Russian Federation, or otherwise makes available for use involving any sanctioned Russian entity, any foreign vessel designed to transport petroleum products, including liquified natural gas.
(b) Vessels Subject to Sanctions by the United Kingdom or the European Union.--Beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the President may impose the sanctions described in section 8709 with respect to any vessel that, on or after such date of enactment, is--
(1) subject to sanctions with respect to the Russian Federation imposed by the United Kingdom, the European Union, the Group of 7, or a member of the Five Eyes intelligence alliance; or
(2) owned or operated by a person subject to such sanctions.
(c) Indicators of Unsafe or Nonstandard Maritime Behavior.--In determining under subsection (a)(1)(A) if a vessel is exhibiting or engaged in unsafe or nonstandard maritime behavior, the President may use as prima facie evidence that the vessel is exhibiting or engaged in such behavior if the vessel has exhibited 3 or more indicators of such behavior, including the following:
(1) Has refused to take on a pilot in accordance with best practices of the International Maritime Organization.
(2) Does not respond when hailed by appropriate maritime authority.
(3) Turns off the Automatic Identification System of the vessel without explanation or report to the appropriate maritime authority within a reasonable period of time.
(4) Engages in unsafe maritime maneuvers with another vessel.
(5) Is uninsured or underinsured, including any vessel that is insured by an insurance company organized under the laws of the Russian Federation or the Islamic Republic of Iran.
(6) Is single-hulled contrary to standards of the International Maritime Organization.
(7) Has changed ownership or flag registry more than once in the previous year.
(8) Has a history of deliberately losing power or turning off transmitters without a compelling security need.
(9) Has not been properly maintained, based on credible evidence.
(10) Has been involved in a recent maritime or environmental incident.
(11) Is escorted by the military of the Russian Federation.
(12) Has engaged in sabotage activities.
(d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes any sanctions imposed under this section, including a brief description of each foreign person and foreign vessel with respect to which sanctions are imposed and the justification for such sanctions.
SEC. 8702A. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN
PERSONS THAT SUPPORT RUSSIAN ILLICIT SHIPPING
WITH VESSELS SUBJECT TO UNITED STATES
SANCTIONS.
(a) In General.--Beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the President may impose the sanctions described in section 8709 with respect to a foreign person if the President determines that the foreign person, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, has engaged in a transaction described in subsection (b) with a Russian shadow fleet vessel that is subject to sanctions imposed by the United States.
(b) Transactions Described.--A transaction described in this subsection is any of the following:
(1) The conduct of any ship-to-ship transfer involving Russian-origin petroleum products with a Russian shadow fleet vessel.
(2) The provision of significant goods or services in support of a Russian shadow fleet vessel with the knowledge that the vessel is subject to sanctions imposed by the United States, unless such goods or services are provided to respond to an emergency.
(3) In the case of the owner or operator of a foreign port, allowing a Russian shadow fleet vessel to port or otherwise receive services at the foreign port, unless that vessel needs to port or receive services as a result of an emergency.
(4) In the case of a foreign person that is the owner or operator of a refinery, knowingly engaging in a transaction to process, refine, or otherwise deal in any Russian Federation-origin petroleum products that were transported on a Russian shadow fleet vessel.
SEC. 8702B. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PORT
TERMINALS ACCEPTING OIL FROM RUSSIAN SHADOW
FLEET VESSELS.
Beginning on the date that is 15 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President may impose the sanctions described in section 8709 with respect to any foreign person that owns or operates a port in the People's Republic of China or the Republic of India that accepts oil from foreign vessels with respect to which the United States has imposed sanctions.
SEC. 8703. ALIGNMENT OF DESIGNATION AUTHORITIES WITH EUROPEAN
UNION AND UNITED KINGDOM REGARDING RUSSIAN
SHADOW FLEET.
(a) Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the Secretary, through the head of the Office of Sanctions Coordination and in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes a list of each foreign vessel subject to sanctions imposed by the European Union or the United Kingdom that is determined to operate as part of the Russian shadow fleet.
(2) Justification.--For any vessel listed in a report under paragraph (1) that is not subject to sanctions imposed by the United States, the report shall include the justification provided by the European Union or the United Kingdom, as the case may be, for designation of the vessel (if that justification is available to the public) and a brief justification of the reason provided by the European Union or the United Kingdom.
(b) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, through the head of the Office of Sanctions Coordination and in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of the Office of Foreign Assets Control, shall produce a strategy for enhancing alignment of sanctions designation authorities of the United States regarding vessels supporting the Russian shadow fleet with those authorities of the European Union and the United Kingdom.
SEC. 8703A. SUPPORT OF EFFORTS OF THE JOINT EXPEDITIONARY
FORCE.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the United States supports the efforts of the Joint Expeditionary Force to track, monitor, deter, and if necessary, respond to operations and illicit activities of the Russian shadow fleet.
(b) Statement of Policy.--It shall be the policy of the United States to use relevant maritime elements of the United States Government to support and amplify the authorized efforts of the Joint Expeditionary Force.
SEC. 8704.
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MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR OPERATING AS A FLAG STATE
REGISTRY AND ASSESSMENT OF EFFORTS TO PREVENT
THE CIRCUMVENTION OF SANCTIONS AND OTHER
CRIMES.
It is the policy of the United States that the government of a country is complying with the minimum standards required by the United States for maintaining an open flag registry if, on balance, the government--
(1) has enacted and implemented laws and established government structures, policies, and practices that prohibit and generally deter the use of its flag registry as a mechanism to circumvent sanctions imposed by the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, or other Group of 7 countries, including prohibiting its flag to continue to fly on vessels that are subject to sanctions imposed by any such country or jurisdiction;
(2) has enacted and implemented laws and established government structures, policies, and practices that prohibit and generally deter the use of its flag registry to avoid detection of illicit activities, including drug trafficking, illicit arms shipments, human trafficking, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing activities;
(3) enforces the laws described in paragraphs (1) and (2) by punishing any person found, through a fair judicial process, to have violated those laws;
(4) takes steps to ensure ships flying its flag comply with well-established industry standards and best practices relating to maritime activities, including adhering to resolutions and warnings promulgated by the International Maritime Organization, such as Resolution A.1192(33) (December 6, 2023) relating to urging member states and all relevant stakeholders to promote actions to prevent illegal operations in the maritime sector by the "dark fleet" or "shadow fleet";
(5) responds to credible reports from other countries and private entities warning of vessels flying its flag engaging in maritime behavior that poses safety risks, such as not allowing pilot access or turning off Automatic Identification Systems without adequate justification;
(6) takes steps to ensure vessels flying its flag adhere to measures that lawfully prohibit and regulate ship-to-ship transfers of oil or petroleum products subject to sanctions;
(7) takes steps to ensure vessels flying its flag possess adequate and credible insurance to cover the costs of maritime accidents;
(8) takes steps to ensure vessels are operating under transparent ownership structures, including by verifying the beneficial ownership and management of vessels; and
(9) takes steps to ensure vessels do not avoid flag state or port state control inspections or avoid commercial screenings and inspections.
SEC. 8704A. STRATEGY FOR COUNTRIES THAT DO NOT MAKE
SUFFICIENT EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH MINIMUM
STANDARDS FOR OPERATING AS A FLAG STATE.
Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter through 2030, the Secretary, in consultation with the heads of appropriate Federal agencies, shall--
(1) conduct an assessment of countries that do not meet the minimum standards for operating as a flag state registry in compliance with United States policy, including the standards described in section 8704; and
(2) submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy for identifying and engaging with those countries.
SEC. 8705. INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO IDENTIFY VESSELS
TRANSPORTING RUSSIAN-ORIGIN OIL.
It shall be the policy of the United States--
(1) to fully promote the recommendations made by Resolution A.1192(33) of the International Maritime Organization, adopted on December 6, 2023;
(2) to use the voice and vote of the United States in international organizations and engage other relevant multilateral bodies, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union, to strongly encourage the governments of all countries to adopt those recommendations, including the recommendation that a port state, when the state becomes aware of a vessel intentionally taking measures to avoid detection, such as switching off its Automatic Identification System or long-range identification and tracking system transmissions or concealing its actual identity, should, following an initial investigation to verify that the vessel has not stopped transmitting signals for legitimate reasons--
(A) subject the vessel to enhanced inspections as authorized through relevant mechanisms of the port state; and
(B) notify the flag administration of the vessel, as appropriate; and
(3) to encourage governments of all countries to deny access to ports and services for any vessel that, following an initial investigation, is found to have turned off its transponder or entered false information for the purpose of conducting a transfer of or transaction for crude oil of Russian Federation origin or refined petroleum products made from such oil.
Subchapter B--Sanctions With Respect to Russian-origin Energy Products
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SEC. 8706. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS
WITH CERTAIN INTERESTS IN RUSSIAN ENERGY
PROJECTS.
(a) In General.--Beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the President may impose the sanctions described in section 8709 with respect to any foreign person the President determines is, on or after such date of enactment, a leader, official, senior executive officer, or member of the board of directors of, or principal shareholder with a controlling or majority interest in, any of the following Russian energy projects:
(1) The Yamal Liquified Natural Gas Project or a successor project.
(2) The Arctic 1, 2, and 3 Liquified Natural Gas Projects or a successor project.
(3) Any project in the Arctic region or the Russian Far East carried out after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) countries that rely on Russian energy projects, including Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-2, TurkStream 1 and 2, and the Druzhba pipeline, should work to expeditiously end their dependence on such projects and diversify their sources of energy to exports from other countries, including the United States; and
(2) the European Union should remain committed to firm deadlines set forth in the RePowerEU Roadmap for the phasing out of energy exported from the Russian Federation.
SEC. 8706A. STRATEGY TO COUNTER ROLE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
OF CHINA IN EVASION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT
TO RUSSIAN-ORIGIN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.
(a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a written strategy, and provide to those committees an accompanying briefing, on the role of the People's Republic of China in evasion of sanctions imposed by the United States with respect to Russian-origin petroleum products that includes an assessment of options--
(1) to strengthen the enforcement of such sanctions; and
(2) to expand sanctions designations targeting the involvement of the People's Republic of China in the production, transportation, storage, refining, and sale of Russian-origin petroleum products.
(b) Elements.--The strategy required by subsection (a) shall include--
(1) a description and assessment of the use of sanctions in effect before the date of the enactment of this Act to target individuals and entities of the People's Republic of China that are directly or indirectly associated with smuggling of Russian-origin petroleum products;
(2) an assessment of--
(A) Russian-owned entities operating in the People's Republic of China and involved in petroleum refining supply chains;
(B) the People's Republic of China's role in Russian petroleum refining supply chains;
(C) how the People's Republic of China leverages its role in Russian petroleum supply chains to achieve political objectives; and
(D) what percent of the energy consumption of the People's Republic of China is linked to imported Russian-origin petroleum products;
(3) a detailed plan for--
(A) monitoring the maritime domain for sanctionable activity related to the transportation of Russian-origin petroleum products;
(B) identifying the individuals, entities, and vessels engaging in sanctionable activity related to Russian-origin petroleum products, including--
(i) vessels--
(I) transporting petrochemicals of Russian Federation origin;
(II) conducting ship-to-ship transfers of such petrochemicals;
(III) with deactivated automatic identification systems; or
(IV) that engage in "flag hopping" by frequently changing national registries;
(ii) individuals or entities--
(I) storing petrochemicals subject to sanctions; or
(II) refining or otherwise processing such petrochemicals; and
(iii) through the use of port entry and docking permission of vessels subject to sanctions;
(C) deterring individuals and entities from violating sanctions by educating and engaging--
(i) insurance providers;
(ii) parent companies; and
(iii) vessel operators;
(D) collaborating with allies and partners of the United States engaged in the Northern Europe, including through standing or new maritime task forces, to build sanctions enforcement capacity through assistance and training to defense and law enforcement services; and
(E) using public communications and global diplomatic engagements to highlight the role of smuggling of Russian-origin petroleum products in bolstering the Russian Federation's war efforts in Ukraine and support for other malign activity; and
(4) an assessment of--
(A) the total number of vessels transporting Russian-origin petroleum products;
(B) the total number of vessels smuggling such products destined for the People's Republic of China;
(C) interference by the People's Republic of China with attempts by the United States, the United Kingdom, or the European Union to investigate or enforce sanctions with respect to Russian-origin petroleum products;
(D) the effectiveness of the use of sanctions with respect to insurers of entities that own or operate vessels involved in transporting Russian-origin petroleum products;
(E) the personnel and resources needed to enforce sanctions with respect to Russian-origin petroleum products; and
(F) the impact of smuggled Russian-origin petroleum products on global energy markets.
(c) Form.--The strategy required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified index.
Subchapter C--Sanctions With Respect to Russian Defense Industrial Base
SEC. 8707. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS
THAT SELL, LEASE, OR PROVIDE GOODS OR SERVICES
RELATING TO THE DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE OF THE
RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
(a) Report Required.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that identifies, for the period covered by the
report each foreign person that the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce, determines has knowingly--
(1) sold, leased, provided, or facilitated selling, leasing, or providing goods or services relating to the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation, including--
(A) computer numerical control (CNC) tools and associated machinery, software, and maintenance or upgrade services;
(B) lubricant additives;
(C) semiconductors and associated manufacturing equipment;
(D) items on the Common High Priority Items List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce;
(E) nitrocellulose, wood cellulose, and associated additives and components necessary for the production of propellant or energetics for munitions;
(F) fiber optic cables with military applications and associated technologies needed to manufacture such cables;
(G) advanced sensors; and
(H) any additional items identified by the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, that are critical to the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation; or
(2) facilitated deceptive or structured transactions to provide the goods and services described by paragraph (1).
(b) Ineligibility for Visas, Admission, or Parole of Identified Persons and Corporate Officers.--
(1) In general.--
(A) Visas, admission, or parole.--An alien described in paragraph (2) shall be--
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B) Current visas revoked.--
(i) In general.--The visa or other entry documentation of an alien described in paragraph (2) shall be revoked, regardless of when such visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
(ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under clause (i) shall--
(I) take effect immediately; and
(II) automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the possession of the alien.
(2) Aliens described.--An alien described in this paragraph is an alien who is--
(A) identified in a report required by subsection (a);
(B) a corporate officer of a foreign entity identified in that report; or
(C) a principal shareholder with a controlling interest in a foreign entity described in subparagraph (A).
(c) Blocking of Property of Identified Persons.--The President may exercise all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of any person identified in a report required by subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(d) Wind-down Period.--The President may not impose sanctions under this section with respect to a person identified in the first report submitted pursuant to subsection (a) if the President certifies in such report that the person has, not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, engaged in good faith efforts to wind down operations that would otherwise subject the person to the imposition of sanctions under this section.
Subchapter D--Modifications of Protecting Europe's Energy Security Act of 2019
SEC. 8708. MODIFICATIONS OF PROTECTING EUROPE'S ENERGY
SECURITY ACT OF 2019.
Section 7503 of the Protecting Europe's Energy Security Act of 2019 (title LXXV of Public Law 116-92; 22 U.S.C. 9526 note) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)(1)(B)(v), by striking "the Nord Stream 2 pipeline" and inserting "the Nord Stream 1 pipeline, the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, or a successor to either such pipeline";
(2) in subsection (e)--
(A) by striking paragraph (4); and
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively;
(3) by amending subsection (f) to read as follows:
"(f) National Security Waiver.--
"(1) In general.--The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section if--
"(A) the President--
"(i) determines such a waiver is in the national security interests of the United States; and
"(ii) not later than 30 days before the waiver takes effect, submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the waiver and the reasons for the waiver; and
"(B) a joint resolution prohibiting the waiver is not enacted into law during the 30-day period described in subparagraph (A)(ii).
"(2) Consideration of joint resolutions.--
"(A) In general.--A joint resolution described in paragraph (1)(B) introduced in either House of Congress shall be considered in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-329; 90 Stat.
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765), except that the resolution shall be subject to germane amendments.
"(B) Consideration of veto messages.--If joint resolution described in paragraph (1)(B) is vetoed by the President, the time for debate in consideration of the veto message on the resolution shall--
"(i) in the Senate, be limited to 20 hours; and
"(ii) in the House of Representatives, be determined in accordance with the Rules of the House."; and
(4) in subsection (h)--
(A) by striking paragraph (2);
(B) by striking "terminate" and all that follows through "the date on which" and inserting "terminate on the date on which";
(C) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, and by moving such paragraphs, as so redesignated, 2 ems to the left; and
(D) in paragraph (2), as redesignated, by striking "; or" and inserting a period.
SEC. 8709. SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.
The sanctions described in this section that may be imposed with respect to a foreign person are the following:
(1) Blocking of property.--The President may exercise all of the powers granted to the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in property and interests in property of the foreign person if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(2) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole.--
(A) Visas, admission, or parole.--A foreign person that is an alien is--
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B) Current visas revoked.--
(i) In general.--A foreign person that is an alien is subject to revocation of any visa or other entry documentation regardless of when the visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
(ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under clause (i) shall take effect immediately and automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien's possession.
SEC. 8709A. EXCEPTIONS; WAIVERS.
(a) Exceptions.--
(1) Exception to comply with united nations headquarters agreement and law enforcement activities.--Sanctions under this chapter shall not apply with respect to the admission of an alien to the United States if admitting or paroling the alien into the United States is necessary--
(A) to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations of the United States; or
(B) to carry out or assist authorized law enforcement activity in the United States.
(2) Exception to comply with intelligence activities.--Sanctions under this chapter shall not apply to any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.
(3) Humanitarian assistance.--
(A) In general.--Sanctions under this chapter shall not apply to--
(i) the conduct or facilitation of a transaction for the provision of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, medical devices, humanitarian assistance, or for humanitarian purposes; or
(ii) transactions that are necessary for or related to the activities described in clause (i).
(B) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
(i) Agricultural commodity.--The term "agricultural commodity" has the meaning given that term in section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602).
(ii) Medical device.--The term "medical device" has the meaning given the term "device" in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).
(iii) Medicine.--The term "medicine" has the meaning given the term "drug" in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).
(4) Exception for safety of vessels and crew and decommissioning or demolition of vessels.--Sanctions under this chapter shall not apply with respect to--
(A) a person providing provisions to a vessel otherwise subject to sanctions under this chapter if the provisions are intended for--
(i) the safety and care of the crew aboard the vessel;
(ii) the protection of human life aboard the vessel; or
(iii) the maintenance of the vessel to avoid any environmental or other significant damage; or
(B) a person providing services to a vessel otherwise subject to sanctions under this chapter if--
(i) the vessel fails to meet international maritime vessel safety standards; and
(ii) the services are necessary to ensure the safe decommissioning or destruction of the vessel.
(5) Annual report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes each activity that would be sanctionable under this chapter if not covered by an exception under this subsection.
(b) Waiver.--
(1) In general.--The President may, on a case-by-case basis and for periods not to exceed 180 days each, waive the application of sanctions imposed with respect to a foreign vessel or a foreign person under this chapter if the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees, not later than 15 days after such waiver is to take effect, that the waiver is in the national security interests of the United States.
(2) Certification.--The President shall not be required to impose sanctions under this chapter with respect to a foreign person who has engaged in activity subject to sanctions under this chapter if the President certifies in writing to the appropriate congressional committees that the foreign person--
(A) is no longer engaging in such activities; or
(B) has taken and is continuing to take significant, verifiable steps toward permanently terminating such activities.
(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the availability of any existing authorities to issue waivers, exceptions, exemptions, licenses, or other authorization.
SEC. 8709B. IMPLEMENTATION.
(a) Implementation.--The President may exercise all authorities under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) for purposes of carrying out this chapter.
(b) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this chapter or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out this chapter may be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
SEC. 8709C. TERMINATION OF SANCTIONS AUTHORITIES.
The requirements and authorities to impose sanctions under subchapters A, B, and C, and any sanctions imposed under those subchapters, shall terminate on the date that is 10 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 8710. DETERMINATION WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIAN MILITARY
ACTIONS IN SUPPORT OF RUSSIAN SHADOW FLEET.
(a) In General.--The President may determine, at such times as are required under subsection (b), whether--
(1) the Government of the Russian Federation, including through any of its proxies, is engaged in or knowingly supporting an escalation of military measures in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea, or the Straits of Denmark, including to deter members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from inspecting vessels transporting Russian-origin petroleum products or posing a threat to undersea infrastructure to ensure such vessels are adhering to accepted maritime standards; and
(2) if the President makes a positive determination under paragraph (1), whether that escalation increases the risk of an incident at sea, including damage to undersea cable infrastructure.
(b) Timing of Determinations.--The President may make the determination described in subsection (a)--
(1) not later than 15 days after the date of the enactment of this Act;
(2) after the first determination under paragraph (1), not less frequently than every 30 days (or more frequently as warranted) during the 1-year period beginning on such date of enactment; and
(3) after the end of that 1-year period, not less frequently than every 90 days.
(c) Report Required.--Upon making a determination under subsection (a), the President shall submit a report on the determination to--
(1) the committees specified in subsection (d);
(2) the majority leader and the minority leader of the Senate; and
(3) the Speaker and the minority leader of the House of Representatives.
(d) Committees Specified.--The committees specified in this subsection are--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 8710A. RESOURCES FOR SANCTIONS IMPLEMENTATION AT THE
DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that sanctions are a vital foreign policy and national security tool, and as such, it is critical that the Department and other agencies with responsibilities relating to sanctions across the executive branch--
(1) are fully staffed, including through the prompt confirmation by the Senate of a qualified head of the Office of Sanctions Coordination of the Department; and
(2) have the resources and infrastructure necessary for the successful development and implementation of sanctions.
(b) Increasing Resources and Improving Modernization for Sanctions Implementation.--The head of the Office of Sanctions Coordination shall take steps to modernize the sanctions infrastructure and increase resources dedicated to implementing sanctions, including by--
(1) ensuring the Department has necessary subscriptions and access to open-source databases for purposes of making determinations to support the designation of persons for the imposition of sanctions;
(2) equipping bureaus involved in drafting and reviewing evidentiary packages to support such designations with sufficient technical resources to do so, including an adequate number of workstations that can be used to review classified information; and
(3) increasing the number of personnel dedicated to making and reviewing such designations.
(c) Report on Modernizations Efforts.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the head of the Office of Sanctions Coordination shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report describing steps the Department is taking to address challenges in the ability of the Department to support the designation of persons for the imposition of sanctions.
(d) Authorizations of Appropriation.--
(1) Office of sanctions coordination.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Sanctions Coordination for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027 $15,000,000 to carry out this section.
(2) Office of foreign assets control.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027 $15,000,000 to carry out this section.
SEC. 8710B.
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MODIFICATION OF LIMITATION ON MILITARY
COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE
RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
Section 1232 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114-328; 130 Stat. 2488) is amended--
(1) by striking subsections (c) and (d); and
(2) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections (c) and (d), respectively.
SEC. 8710C. EMERGENCY APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE COUNTERING
RUSSIAN INFLUENCE FUND.
(a) Emergency Appropriations.--
(1) Authorization of appropriation.--There is authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $200,000,000 to the Secretary for fiscal years 2026 and 2027 for the Countering Russian Influence Fund to provide additional support to Ukraine and allies of the United States in Central and Eastern Europe in the wake of aggression by the Russian Federation, including assistance combating Russian Federation information operations, sabotage activities, cyber threats, and security threats.
(2) Emergency designation.--
(A) In general.--The amounts provided under paragraph (1) are designated as an emergency requirement pursuant to section 4(g) of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 (2 U.S.C. 933(g)).
(B) Designation in the senate and the house of representatives.--This subsection is designated as an emergency requirement pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of section 4001 of S. Con. Res. 14 (117th Congress), the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2022.
(b) Report Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that contains a description of the activities carried out pursuant to this section.
(2) Form.--The strategy required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex if necessary.
(c) Defined Term.--In this section, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(3) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
(4) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 8710D. REPORT ON PRESIDENTIAL DRAWDOWN AUTHORITY AND
UKRAINE SECURITY ASSISTANCE INITIATIVE.
(a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 30 days thereafter, the Secretary and the Secretary of Defense shall jointly submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes--
(1) the status of remaining amounts available for Ukraine under the Presidential drawdown authority provided in the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (Public Law 117-128; 136 Stat. 1211) and the Ukraine Security Supplemental Appropriations Act (Public Law 118-50; 138 Stat. 905);
(2) a description of all defense articles and services provided to Ukraine under Presidential drawdown authority, Foreign Military Financing, and the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative under section 1250 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114-92; 129 Stat. 1068); and
(3) a description of the readiness requirements, valuations, and replenishment calculations used to determine the availability of inventory to transfer to Ukraine.
(b) Defined Term.--In this section, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(2) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
(3) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(4) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(5) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives; and
(6) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 8710E. SUPPORT FOR UKRAINE ARMS SALES.
For any letter of offer to sell or license to export defense articles or defense services to Ukraine that would require a numbered certification to Congress required by section 36 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2776), the President shall not offer such letter of offer or issue such license until 15 days have elapsed from the time such numbered certification is provided to Congress, notwithstanding the requirements of such section for 30 days, and any joint resolution of disapproval shall be eligible for a motion to discharge from the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 5 days after introduction.
SEC. 8711. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Deter PRC Aggression Against Taiwan Act".
SEC. 8712. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that the United States must be prepared to take immediate action to impose sanctions with respect to any military or non-military entities owned, controlled, or acting at the direction of the Government of the PRC or the Chinese Communist Party that are supporting actions by the Government of the PRC or by the Chinese Communist Party--
(1) to overthrow or dismantle the governing institutions in Taiwan;
(2) to occupy any territory controlled or administered by Taiwan;
(3) to violate the territorial integrity of Taiwan; or
(4) to take significant action against Taiwan, including--
(A) conducting a naval blockade of Taiwan;
(B) seizing any outlying island of Taiwan; or
(C) perpetrating a significant physical or cyber attack on Taiwan that erodes the ability of the governing institutions in Taiwan to operate or provide essential services to the citizens of Taiwan.
SEC. 8713. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(E) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and
(F) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) PRC.--The term "PRC" means the People's Republic of China.
(3) PRC sanctions task force; task force.--The terms "PRC Sanctions Task Force" and "Task Force" mean the task force established pursuant to section 8714.
SEC. 8714. TASK FORCE.
(a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Coordinator for Sanctions of the Department and the Director of the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury shall establish a task force to identify military or non-military entities that could be subject to sanctions imposed by the United States immediately following any action taken by the PRC that demonstrates an attempt to achieve, or has the significant effect of achieving, the physical or political control of Taiwan, including by taking any of the actions described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of section 8712.
(b) Strategy.--Not later than 270 days after the establishment of the PRC Sanctions Task Force, the Task Force shall submit a strategy to the appropriate congressional committees for identifying proposed targets for sanctions referred to in subsection (a), which shall--
(1) assess how existing sanctions programs could be used to impose sanctions with respect to entities identified by the Task Force;
(2) develop or propose, as appropriate, new sanctions authorities that might be required to impose sanctions with respect to such entities;
(3) analyze the potential economic consequences to the United States, and to allies and partners of the United States or other third countries, of imposing various types of such sanctions with respect to such entities;
(4) assess measures that could be taken to mitigate the consequences referred to in paragraph (3), including through the use of licenses, exemptions, carve-outs, and other approaches;
(5) include coordination with allies and partners of the United States--
(A) to leverage sanctions, including actions targeting the PRC's financial and industrial sectors to deter or respond to aggression against Taiwan;
(B) to identify and resolve potential impediments to coordinating sanctions-related efforts with respect to responding to, or deterring aggression against, Taiwan; and
(C) to identify industries, sectors, or goods and services where the United States and allies and partners of the United States can take coordinated action through sanctions that will have a significant negative impact on the economy of the PRC; and
(D) to coordinate actions with partners and allies to provide economic support to Taiwan and other countries being threatened by the PRC, including measures to counter economic coercion by the PRC;
(6) assess the resource gaps and needs at the Department and the Department of the Treasury to most effectively use sanctions to respond to the threats posed by the PRC;
(7) recommend how best to target sanctions against individuals, entities, and economic sectors in the PRC, which shall take into account--
(A) the role of such targets in supporting policies and activities of the Government of the PRC, or of the Chinese Communist Party, that pose a threat to the national security or foreign policy interests of the United States;
(B) the negative economic implications of such sanctions for the Government of the PRC, including its ability to achieve its objectives with respect to Taiwan; and
(C) the potential impact of such sanctions on the stability of the global financial system, including with respect to--
(i) state-owned enterprises;
(ii) officials of the Government of the PRC and of the Chinese Communist Party;
(iii) financial institutions associated with the Government of the PRC; and
(iv) companies in the PRC that are not formally designated by the Government of the PRC as state-owned enterprises; and
(8) identify any foreign military or non-military entities that would likely be used to achieve the outcomes specified in section 8712, including entities in the shipping, logistics, energy (including oil and gas), maritime, aviation, ground transportation, and technology sectors.
SEC. 8715. REPORT.
Not later than 120 days after the submission of the strategy required under section 8714(b), and semiannually thereafter, the PRC Sanctions Task Force shall submit a classified report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes information regarding--
(1) any entities identified pursuant to section 8714(b)(8);
(2) any new authorities required to impose sanctions with respect to such entities;
(3) potential economic impacts on the PRC, the United States, and allies and partners of the United States or other third countries resulting from the imposition of sanctions with respect to such entities;
(4) mitigation measures that could be employed to limit any deleterious economic impacts on the United States and allies and partners of the United States or other third countries of such sanctions;
(5) the status of coordination with allies and partners of the United States regarding sanctions identified under this subtitle;
(6) resource gaps and recommendations to enable the Department and the Department of the Treasury to use sanctions to more effectively respond to the malign activities of the Government of the PRC; and
(7) any additional resources that may be necessary to carry out the strategies and recommendations included in the report submitted pursuant to section 8714(b).
SEC. 8716. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
As used in this subtitle, the term "sanctions" shall not be construed to include tariffs.
SEC. 8721. SHORT TITLES.
This subtitle may be cited as the " `Preventing External Aggression and Conflict Escalation in Sudan Act of 2026' " or the "PEACE in Sudan Act".
SEC. 8722.
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STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It is the policy of the United States--
(1) to advance and protect the national security of the United States, including by identifying, disrupting, and dismantling the networks and actions of criminal and malign actors who foment and benefit from instability, conflict, humanitarian emergency, state failure, and ungoverned spaces;
(2) to utilize all available diplomatic and economic tools to secure an end to the war in Sudan;
(3) to counter--
(A) malign foreign interference and external military support to parties to the conflict in Sudan; and
(B) destabilizing regional and domestic actors who seek to benefit from the continued conflict in Sudan;
(4) to promote efforts to bring about stability and security in Sudan, including by addressing the humanitarian suffering of the
Sudanese people and others impacted across Africa;
(5) to hold perpetrators of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide in Sudan accountable for their crimes;
(6) to advance and protect the internationally recognized human rights of all Sudanese people, regardless of ethnicity, religion, sex, or geographic area of origin; and
(7) to support the aspirations of the people of Sudan for a political transition process that results in a civilian government that--
(A) is democratic;
(B) is accountable;
(C) respects the internationally-recognized human rights of its citizens; and
(D) is at peace with itself and its neighbors
SEC. 8723. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Admission; admitted; alien.--The terms "admission", "admitted", and "alien" have the meanings given such terms in section 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)).
(2) Aid or abet.--The term "aid or abet" means to intentionally assist or encourage a person or persons to commit a crime.
(3) Appropriate congressional committees.--Except as provided in section 8727, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(4) Atrocity.--The term "atrocity" means war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide.
(5) Foreign person.--The term "foreign person" means an individual or entity that is not a United States person.
(6) Genocide.--The term "genocide" means an offense described in section 1091(a) of title 18, United States Code.
(7) International financial institution.--The term "international financial institution" means--
(A) the International Monetary Fund;
(B) the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development;
(C) the International Development Association;
(D) the International Finance Corporation;
(E) the Inter-American Development Bank Group;
(F) the Asian Development Bank;
(G) the Inter-American Investment Corporation;
(H) the African Development Bank;
(I) the African Development Fund;
(J) the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development;
(K) the Multilateral Investment Guaranty Agency; and
(L) any multilateral financial institution established after the date of the enactment of this Act that could provide financial assistance to the Government of Sudan.
(8) Non-state armed group.--The term "non-state armed group" means any entity participating in, supporting, or contributing to the conflict or commission of atrocities that is not an organization of a foreign government, including militia, armed groups, mercenaries, private military contractors, and terrorist organizations.
(9) Quad.--The term "Quad" means the diplomatic grouping of the United States, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates that has been convening in an effort to mediate an end to the conflict in Sudan.
(10) Quintet.--The term "Quintet" means the diplomatic grouping of the African Union, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the League of Arab States, the European Union, and the United Nations.
(11) Torture.--The term "torture" has the meaning given such a term in section 2340(1) of title 18, United States Code.
(12) United states person.--The term "United States person" means--
(A) a United States citizen, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States, or any other individual subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; and
(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.
(13) War crime.--The term "war crime"--
(A) has the meaning given such term in section 2441(c) of title 18, United States Code; and
(B) includes sexual violence.
SEC. 8724. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF CERTAIN FOREIGN
GOVERNMENTS AND GROUPS IN SUDAN.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and semiannually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
(1) a comprehensive analysis of the involvement of foreign governments by supporting, facilitating, or contributing to the conflict and commission of atrocities in Sudan, including--
(A) providing arms and materiel to the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces;
(B) the estimated number of affiliated combatants and support personnel in Sudan acting in support of the war effort, including those who are engaged in active fighting, training, and equipping;
(C) engagement in, or support for, drone and aircraft strikes, and the training of combatants;
(D) the provision of financial, in-kind, or material support to the Sudanese Armed Forces or the Rapid Support Forces, including intelligence services or information sharing
(E) the source, frequency, and scope of violations of the United Nations arms embargo outlined in United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1556 (2004) and 1591 (2005);
(F) instances of international travel by non-state armed groups from Sudan for purposes other than structured diplomatic negotiations; and
(G) actions that violate existing United States defense cooperation agreements or designation as a major non-NATO ally of the United States (as defined in section 644 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403));
(2) a comprehensive analysis of the involvement of non-state armed groups in supporting, facilitating, or contributing to the conflict in Sudan and the commission of atrocities in Sudan, which may include--
(A) the Wagner Group;
(B) the Sudan Revolutionary Front;
(C) the Sudanese Muslim Brotherhood, including its al-Baraa Bin Malik Brigade;
(D) the Sudan Liberation Movement, led by Minni Minnawi;
(E) the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North-al Hilu;
(F) the Sudan People's Liberation Army-in-Opposition;
(G) the Sudan Liberation Movement, led by Abdul Wahid al-Nur;
(H) the Sudanese Liberation Army, led by Malik Agar;
(I) the Sudan Liberation Movement - Transitional Council, led by El-Hadi Idris Yahya;
(J) the Joint Security Forces, including the Justice and Equality Movement;
(K) Gathering of Sudan Liberation Forces, led by Al-Tahir Hajar;
(L) the Central Reserve Forces;
(M) the Sudanese Awakening Revolutionary Council, led by Musa Hilal;
(N) the Sudan Shield Forces;
(O) the Third Front (Tamazuj);
(P) Army 70;
(Q) the Tigray Defense Forces;
(R) the Desert Wolves;
(S) the Libyan Arab Armed Forces (also known as the "Libyan National Army"); and
(T) the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development;
(3) an analysis of private and commercial activity facilitating or benefitting from the war economy related to the conflict in Sudan, within or outside Sudan, which may include activity related to--
(A) port operations;
(B) aviation (including airlines and airports);
(C) ground transportation services;
(D) the mining, refining, processing, and trade of gold, gum arabic, and other natural resources;
(E) private military companies;
(F) banking and financial services;
(G) cryptocurrency transactions;
(H) technology;
(I) military equipment; and
(J) weapons manufacturing; and
(4) an analysis of whether actions taken by a government of a foreign country referred to in paragraph (1)--
(A) involves defense articles or defense services (as such terms are defined in section 47 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2794) of United States origin;
(B) violates the terms of applicable United States or end-user assurances, licenses, or agreements; and
(C) violates the arms embargo designated by United Nation Security Council Resolutions 1556 (2004), 1591 (2005), and any successor Security Council Resolution for an arms embargo on all or part of Sudan.
(b) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(c) Briefing.--Not later than 15 days after the submission of the report required under subsection (a), the Secretary or the Secretary's designee, shall provide a briefing to the appropriate congressional committees regarding the matters contained in such report.
SEC. 8725. REPORT ON ATROCITIES AND GROSS VIOLATIONS OF
INTERNATIONALLY-RECOGNIZED HUMAN RIGHTS IN
SUDAN.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and semiannually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive report regarding the conduct of, support for, and perpetrators of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights in Sudan since April 15, 2023.
(b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall include a description of--
(1) any atrocities and other gross violations of internationally recognized human rights committed by the Sudanese Armed Forces, the Rapid Support Forces, non-state armed groups, other entities of the Government of Sudan, and other individuals, which may include--
(A) the recruitment and use of child soldiers;
(B) the use of starvation and sexual violence as weapons of war, including systematic rape, sexual slavery, and other forms of sexual violence;
(C) the denial of humanitarian access, including the obstruction of humanitarian assistance or the targeting of aid workers;
(D) looting, occupation, or destruction of civilian infrastructure, including religious sites, health facilities, residential buildings, and schools;
(E) violations in the conduct of hostilities, summary executions, the deliberate targeting of civilians, and arbitrary detention;
(F) the systematic targeting of medical facilities and medical personnel, emergency response rooms, or other humanitarian initiatives;
(G) the deliberate targeting of places of worship; and
(H) ethnically motivated violence, including violence against minority non-Arab communities and indigenous ethnic groups of the Nuba Mountains; and
(2) the sanctions imposed in accordance with the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (title III of Public Law 102-182; 22 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.) and the continued monitoring of the use of chemical weapons by the Government of Sudan.
(c) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 8726. STRATEGY.
(a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Defense, shall develop a comprehensive strategy to secure a ceasefire and durable political settlement in Sudan.
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In developing such strategy, the Secretary shall utilize all economic and diplomatic tools available to the Department and the Department of the Treasury, including the Office of Foreign Assets Control, and enhance diplomatic, financial, and legal measures to hold perpetrators of atrocities and other gross violations of internationally recognized human rights accountable.
(b) Elements.--The strategy required under subsection (a) shall include a description of the Secretary's plans--
(1) to help end the conflict in Sudan, which may include--
(A)(i) determining the key actors who must be involved in diplomatic negotiations to end the war;
(ii) supporting their sustained and credible participation in such negotiations;
(iii) assessing the appropriate staffing needed within the Department's Office of Sudan Affairs, including locally employed staff and staff based in Ethiopia and Kenya, to engage on coordinated diplomatic efforts to end the war in Sudan;
(B) establishing a timeline for using diplomatic engagement, intelligence diplomacy, security cooperation, and foreign assistance, as appropriate, to secure the support of allies and partners in finding diplomatic paths to end the conflict in Sudan; and
(C) coordinating with the Quintet, the Quad, and other international partners--
(i) to end the armed conflict in Sudan;
(ii) to protect civilians in Sudan;
(iii) to hold accountable perpetrators of atrocities and other gross violations of internationally recognized human rights; and
(iv) to seek an enduring diplomatic resolution to the conflict;
(2) to cripple the war economy and abettor network;
(3) to collaborate with the Secretary of the Treasury to hold perpetrators of atrocities in Sudan accountable for their crimes;
(4) to counter foreign influence and military support to the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces, which exacerbates the conflict in Sudan; and
(5) to promote stability and alleviate human suffering in Sudan, which may include--
(A) securing guarantees for unrestricted humanitarian access to vulnerable populations and the implementation of protection measures, including measures to provide trauma-informed care and prevent human trafficking, sexual violence, and the recruitment of child soldiers; and
(B) analyzing--
(i) how to most effectively leverage diplomatic and assistance tools and incentivize strategic burden-sharing with international partners to improve the humanitarian conditions in Sudan;
(ii) requirements for rebuilding essential infrastructure that has been destroyed in the conflict, including health systems, education, and civilian infrastructure, and the role to be played by the international community in such efforts;
(iii) how to engage in diplomatic efforts to ensure support for humanitarian relief and recovery in Sudan from international donors, including foreign governments and multilateral organizations; and
(iv) how the United States, and other partners can work to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian aid workers and journalists in Sudan;
(6) to implement a comprehensive diplomatic approach toward engagement with the countries bordering Sudan, in addition to Kenya and Uganda, and regional institutions to address the issues detailed in paragraphs (1) through (5); and
(7) to identify potential opportunities for United States economic engagement and investment in a post-conflict Sudan and the broader region that could support diplomatic efforts to end the conflict, which may include--
(A) identifying opportunities for United States private sector investment in Sudan's recovery and reconstruction, including in sectors such as agriculture, energy, critical minerals, infrastructure, and financial services;
(B) assessing mechanisms through which the United States Government, including through the United States International Development Finance Corporation and the United States Trade and Development Agency, may support United States private sector actors seeking to engage in Sudan and the broader region;
(C) evaluating opportunities to deepen trade and investment ties with countries neighboring Sudan as part of a broader regional economic strategy that advances United States interests and promotes stability for the region; and
(D) analyzing the manner in which United States economic engagement in Sudan and the region can support the durability of a credible peace agreement or cessation of hostilities, and advance an economic order that prioritizes transparency, accountability, and the long-term interests of the people of Sudan.
(c) Submission.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees the strategy developed pursuant to subsection (a) in an unclassified form, which shall include the information described in subsection (b) and may include a classified annex.
(d) Briefing.--Not later than 15 days after submitting the strategy required under subsection (a), and every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary, or the Secretary's designee, shall brief the appropriate congressional committees regarding--
(1) the status of the implementation of such strategy; and
(2) any changes or updates based on evolving conditions in Sudan.
SEC. 8727. ASSESSMENT OF ELIGIBILITY OF ARMED ACTORS IN SUDAN
FOR DESIGNATION AS SPECIALLY DESIGNATED GLOBAL
TERRORISTS.
(a) Defined Term.--In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(b) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall conduct an assessment to determine whether any armed actor in Sudan meets the criteria for designation as a specially designated global terrorist, consistent with the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).
(c) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a classified report containing--
(1) the results of the assessment conducted pursuant to subsection (b); and
(2) a description of action the Secretary has planned based on such results.
SEC. 8728. SANCTIONS.
(a) In General.--The President may impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any foreign person the President determines, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act--
(1) to be responsible for, complicit in, or to have directly or indirectly engaged in or facilitated--
(A) actions that threaten the peace, security, stability, or territorial integrity of Sudan;
(B) the supply, sale, or transfer of arms or any related materiel, or any assistance, advice, or training related to military activities, other than advice or training on compliance with the law of armed conflict, to--
(i) the Sudanese Armed Forces;
(ii) the Rapid Support Forces; or
(iii) non-State armed groups operating in Sudan;
(C) the use or recruitment of child soldiers;
(D) directing, leading, or enabling the presence of foreign military forces or non-state armed groups in Sudan that have engaged in actions that threaten the peace, security, stability, or territorial integrity of Sudan;
(E) knowingly aiding or abetting Sudanese Armed Forces or Rapid Support Forces by--
(i) providing financial or material support or a safe haven; or
(ii) contributing to the concealment of their crimes;
(F) actions that obstruct, undermine, delay, or have the purpose or effect of undermining a political process aimed at securing a ceasefire, peace, or political resolution to the conflict in Sudan;
(G) the commission of atrocities or other gross violations of internationally recognized human rights (as defined in section 1262 of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (subtitle F of title XII of Public Law 114-328; 22 U.S.C. 10101);
(H) the smuggling or trafficking of natural resources from or through Sudan, including gold and gum arabic;
(I) actions that constitute a violation of the arms embargo under United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1556 (2004) and 1591 (2005), including facilitating financial transactions in furtherance of such actions or facilitating any export, reexport, transshipment, or transfer in furtherance of such actions;
(J) the targeting of civilians, including women and children, through the commission of acts of violence (including killing, maiming, torture, or rape or other sexual violence), abduction, forced displacement, or attacks on schools, hospitals, religious sites, or locations where civilians are seeking refuge or aid provided by domestic or international actors;
(K) the obstruction of activities of, or attacks on, the United Nations, bilateral or multilateral diplomatic missions, or international humanitarian organizations, or their personnel;
(L) the operation of private military companies that are contributing to violence against civilians in Sudan;
(M) the obstruction of the delivery or distribution of, or access to, humanitarian assistance, including by force, intimidation, theft, coercion, or bureaucratic means;
(N) significant efforts to impede investigations or prosecutions of alleged gross abuses of internationally recognized human rights in Sudan; or
(O) actions or policies that obstruct, undermine, delay, or impede, or pose a significant risk of obstructing, undermining, delaying, or impeding, the formation or operation of a civilian government;
(2)(A) to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of--
(i) any activity described in this section;
(ii) any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this section; or
(B) to be owned or controlled by, or to have acted or purported to act for or on behalf of (directly or indirectly) any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this section; or
(3) forms an entity for the purpose of evading sanctions that would otherwise be imposed pursuant to this section.
(b) Sanctions; Exceptions.--
(1) Sanctions.--
(A) Asset blocking.--Notwithstanding section 202 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701), the President may exercise all of the powers granted to the President by such Act to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a foreign person the President determines meets 1 or more of the criteria described in subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(B) Prohibitions on financial transactions.--Notwithstanding the requirements under section 202 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701), the President may exercise all powers granted to the President by such Act to the extent necessary--
(i) to prohibit any United States financial institution from making loans or providing credit to the foreign person; or
(ii) to prohibit any transactions in foreign exchange that are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and in which the foreign person has any interest.
(C) Aliens inadmissible for visas, admission, or parole.--
(i) In general.--An alien described in subsection (a) is--
(I) inadmissible to the United States;
(II) ineligible for a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(III) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
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1101 et seq.).
(ii) Current visas revoked.--
(I) In general.--An alien described in subsection (a) is subject to revocation of any visa or other entry documentation regardless of when the visa or other entry documentation was issued.
(II) Immediate effect.--A revocation under subclause (I) shall take effect immediately and automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien's possession.
(2) Penalties.--Any person that commits, attempts to commit, conspires to commit, or causes the commission of an action described in subsection (a) shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of such section.
(3) Implementation.--The President--
(A) may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section; and
(B) shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(4) Exception to comply with united nations headquarters agreement.--Sanctions described in paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply with respect to an alien if admitting or paroling the alien into the United States is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations.
(5) Exception to comply with intelligence and law enforcement activities.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply to any activity subject to--
(A) the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States; or
(B) to carry out or assist any authorized law enforcement activities of the United States.
(6) Exception for humanitarian assistance.--
(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
(i) Agricultural commodity.--The term "agricultural commodity" has the meaning given such term in section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602).
(ii) Medical device.--The term "medical device" has the meaning given the term "device" in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).
(iii) Medicine.--The term "medicine" has the meaning given the term "drug" in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).
(B) In general.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply to--
(i) the conduct or facilitation of a transaction for the provision of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, medical devices, humanitarian assistance, or for humanitarian purposes; or
(ii) transactions that are necessary for or related to any activity described in clause (i).
SEC. 8729. SPECIAL ENVOY FOR SUDAN.
Section 7204(d) of the Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (division G of Public Law 118-159; 22 U.S.C. 10001 note) is amended by striking "2 years" and inserting "5 years".
SEC. 8730. ASSISTANCE TO THE GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN BY
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
(a) Restrictions.--Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c), the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director or the appropriate head of the respective international financial institutions--
(1) to use the voice and vote of the United States in those institutions to oppose any premature, new, long-term reconstruction or capacity-building support for Sudan, including support that would benefit a foreign person or entity described in section 8728(a); and
(2) to work with other key donor countries to develop a coordinated policy for lending to the Government of Sudan in a post-conflict scenario, including firm benchmarks and preconditions for lending.
(b) National Security Waiver.--The President may waive application of subsection (a) if the President determines such a waiver is in the national security interest of the United States.
(c) Exception for Lifesaving Humanitarian Projects That Directly Support Basic Human Needs.--The advocacy otherwise required under subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to a specific loan or extension of financial assistance that has the sole purpose of supporting lifesaving humanitarian projects that directly support basic human needs, including emergency food, shelter, health, water, sanitation, and hygiene.
SEC. 8731. SUDAN BUSINESS RISK ADVISORY.
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall update its Sudan Business Risk Advisory, which was originally issued in May 2022 and updated in May 2023, which may include--
(1) updates to the information regarding gold from Sudan as a mineral from a conflict-affected area, including the role of foreign governments in the supply chain for Sudanese gold;
(2) information with respect to the supply chain for Sudanese gum arabic, its role in fueling the conflict in Sudan, and nefarious actors involved in smuggling gum arabic through Chad, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan; and
(3) risks associated with conducting business with entities connected to the Sudanese Armed Forces, the Rapid Support Forces, or non-state armed groups;
SEC. 8732. UNITED STATES ENGAGEMENT AT THE UNITED NATIONS
WITH RESPECT TO SUDAN.
The United States Mission to the United Nations shall assess--
(1) the need for additional coordination between the United States, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, and other partner countries' sanctions regimes;
(2) if the mandate of the United Nations Panel of Experts on the Sudan (established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1591 (2005) and most recently extended by United Nations Security Council Resolution 2791 (2025)) is sufficient to enable it to fully and accurately report to the United Nations Security Council on issues related to war, including with respect to violations of the United Nations arms embargo; and
(3) the need to work with other United Nations Security Council members to expand the United Nations arms embargo for Sudan.
SEC. 8733. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TO SUDAN.
(a) Prohibition.--Except as provided in subsection (b), United States assistance may not be furnished to Sudan if such assistance--
(1) provides financial or capacity building support directly to Government of Sudan institutions;
(2) supports debt relief through the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative to restructure, reschedule, or cancel the sovereign debt of Sudan; or
(3) is security assistance.
(b) National Security Waiver.--The President may waive application of subsection (a) if the President determines that such a waiver is in the national security interest of the United States.
(c) Annual Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and other relevant departments and agencies, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that details all United States foreign assistance to Sudan.
SEC. 8734. ANNUAL REPORT ON FINANCIAL ASSETS HELD BY ARMED
ACTORS IN SUDAN.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
(1) a list of all countries and foreign banking institutions that hold assets on behalf of senior officials in the Sudanese Armed Forces, the Rapid Support Forces, and the General Intelligence Service; and
(2) how foreign actors are profiting from the war in Sudan through various business sectors.
(b) Form.--Each report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 8735. TERMINATION.
The requirements under sections 8724, 8725, 8726, 8730, 8733, and 8734 shall terminate on the date that is 30 days after the Secretary submits to the appropriate congressional committees a certification that--
(1) a credible and durable peace agreement, cessation of hostilities, or other end to hostilities has been achieved and verified by the Secretary; and
(2) the Rapid Support Forces, the Sudanese Armed Forces, and any other body or institution of the Government of Sudan are no longer committing atrocities.
SEC. 8736. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
Nothing in this subtitle may be construed to authorize the use of military force.
SEC. 8737. SUNSET.
This subtitle shall cease to have any force or effect beginning on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Subtitle D--Scam Compound Accountability and Mobilization
SEC. 8741. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Scam Compound Accountability and Mobilization Act".
SEC. 8742. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Transnational cyber-enabled fraud, particularly such fraud that is perpetrated from scam compounds in Southeast Asia, is a growing threat to citizens of the United States, national security, and global economic interests.
(2) The Federal Bureau of Investigation reported $17,697,074,980 in losses in the United States due to cyber-enabled fraud during 2025, including schemes commonly perpetrated by transnational criminal organizations that are operating scam compounds.
(3) Annual global losses due to cyber-enabled fraud are estimated at between $40,000,000,000 and $65,000,000,000, but the actual amount is likely higher since many instances are not reported.
(4) Transnational criminal organizations responsible for a large proportion of these scam compounds--
(A) are affiliated with the People's Republic of China;
(B) are actively spreading propaganda on behalf of the People's Republic of China;
(C) are promoting unification with Taiwan; and
(D) have brokered projects for the Belt and Road Initiative.
(5) Transnational criminal organizations have lured hundreds of thousands of human trafficking victims from an estimated 80 countries to scam compounds, which are located primarily in Burma, Cambodia, and Laos, for purposes of forced criminality.
(6) Transnational criminal organizations are expanding scam compounds internationally, including in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and the Pacific Islands.
(7) Money laundering, human trafficking, and fraudulent recruitment related to such scam compounds have occurred in Southeast Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.
SEC. 8743.
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SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the United States should redouble efforts to hold the perpetrators and enablers of scam compound operations accountable, including those involved in related money laundering, human trafficking, and fraudulent recruitment, by employing effective tools, such as targeted financial sanctions, visa restrictions, asset seizures, prosecutions, and forfeiture;
(2) to enhance effective international cooperation and responses against cyber-enabled fraud originating from scam compounds internationally, the United States Government should work with partner governments, multilateral institutions, civil society experts, and private sector stakeholders to improve information sharing, strengthen preventative measures, raise public awareness, and increase coordination on law enforcement investigations and regulatory actions; and
(3) victims and survivors of human trafficking, including for the purpose of forced criminality, require victim-centered and trauma-informed protection and support to ensure they are not inappropriately prosecuted, penalized, or otherwise punished solely for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being trafficked, consistent with section 102(b)(19) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101(b)(19)).
SEC. 8744. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It shall be the policy of the United States--
(1) to comprehensively combat the transnational criminal organizations operating scam compounds and exploiting workers, including through human trafficking, such as forced criminality, to perpetrate large-scale online scams against the people of the United States; and
(2) to bolster international law enforcement cooperation with nations in Southeast Asia and in other regions where scam compounds and associated financial and operational infrastructures are located to combat transnational crime, including scam compounds, human trafficking, narcotics trafficking, and money laundering.
SEC. 8745. DEFINITIONS.
(a) In General.--In this subtitle:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate;
(D) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
(E) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(F) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(G) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;
(H) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and
(I) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and
(J) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) Cyber-enabled fraud.--The term "cyber-enabled fraud" means the use of the internet or other technology to commit fraudulent activity, including illicitly obtaining money, property, data, identification documents, or authentication features, or creating counterfeit goods or services.
(3) Enabling country.--The term "enabling country" means a country where--
(A) government authorities actively or implicitly permit, enable, or perpetuate scam compound operations; or
(B) ineffective law enforcement or a failure to enact legislation intended to prevent facilitating services from reaching scam compounds or transnational criminal organizations enables scam compound operators to obtain facilitating services.
(4) Forced criminality.--The term "forced criminality" means a form of forced labor for the purpose of causing the victim to engage in criminal activity, which may include cyber-enabled fraud.
(5) Forced labor.--The term "forced labor" has the meaning given the term severe forms of trafficking in persons in section 103(11)(B) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(11)(B)).
(6) Relevant foreign assistance programs.--The term "relevant foreign assistance programs"--
(A) means foreign assistance programs funded by the United States Government to provide assistance for one or more foreign countries for the purpose of combating scam compound operations and related transnational criminal organizations as well as combating associated human trafficking; and
(B) excludes intelligence activities, including activities authorized by the President and reported to Congress in accordance with section 503 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3093).
(7) Human trafficking.--The term "human trafficking" has the meaning given the term severe forms of trafficking in persons in section 103(11) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(11)).
(8) Human trafficking victim.--The terms "human trafficking victim" and "victim of human trafficking" mean a person subject to an act or practice described in section 103(11) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(11)).
(9) Impacted country.--The term "impacted country" means a country that is a significant--
(A) transit location through which victims of human trafficking pass en route to scam compounds;
(B) source location for victims of human trafficking for scam compounds; or
(C) target of cyber-enabled fraud originating from scam compounds.
(10) Scam compound.--The term "scam compound" means a physical installation where a transnational criminal organization carries out cyber-enabled fraud operations, using victims who may be exploited through human trafficking, including forced criminality.
(11) Strategy.--The term "Strategy" means the strategy to counter scam compounds and hold transnational criminal organizations and human traffickers accountable described in section 8746.
(12) Transnational criminal organization.--The term "transnational criminal organization" means a group of persons that--
(A) includes one or more foreign person;
(B) engages in or facilitates an ongoing pattern of serious criminal activity involving the jurisdictions of at least two foreign states or one foreign state and the United States; and
(C) threatens the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States.
(b) Rule of Construction.--The definitions under this section are exclusive to this subtitle and may not be construed to affect any other provision of United States law.
SEC. 8746.
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STRATEGY TO COUNTER SCAM COMPOUNDS AND HOLD
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS AND HUMAN
TRAFFICKERS ACCOUNTABLE.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of other Federal departments and agencies as appropriate, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive strategy, with a classified annex if necessary, that--
(1) is designed--
(A) to shut down scam compounds and prevent their further proliferation;
(B) to disrupt and dismantle--
(i) transnational criminal organizations and human traffickers involved in exploiting workers in, and fraudulently recruiting workers to, scam compounds; and
(ii) the financial, operational, and technological infrastructure that enables such criminal enterprises to execute their scams and crimes; and
(C) to hold accountable corrupt officials and non-state actors enabling scam compounds;
(2) is global in scope and fosters cooperation among officials from affected regions; and
(3) may prioritize efforts focused on countries where scam compound operations are most prevalent, including Southeast Asia.
(b) Objectives.--The Strategy shall seek to accomplish the following objectives:
(1) Reducing the ability of transnational criminal organizations to operate scam compounds in Southeast Asia and elsewhere.
(2) Building the capacity of efforts related to digital forensics, anti-money laundering and investigative tools, anti-corruption, and border patrol, of trusted foreign law enforcement partners to degrade, disrupt, and shut down scam compounds and prevent their proliferation.
(3) Supporting victims of human trafficking, including those exploited in forced criminality under the direction of the Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons.
(4) Preventing fraudulent recruitment and human trafficking in scam compounds, including by--
(A) engaging private sector entities operating internet platforms or other services that could be abused or exploited to perpetrate fraudulent recruitment, human trafficking or cyber-enabled fraud;
(B) raising awareness among at-risk populations to identify common fraudulent recruitment strategies and improve due diligence and self-protection measures;
(C) urging governments to monitor and enforce laws against fraudulent and unlawful recruitment practices; and
(D) sharing information and building capacity among foreign counterparts, including law enforcement, border and port officials, and other anti-trafficking authorities, as well as civil society organizations to identify and protect potential human trafficking victims.
(5) Advocating for the thorough review of countries implicated in scam compound operations at the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) or FATF-style regional bodies.
(6) Examining existing authorities and procedures of the United States Government for recovering and returning proceeds of crime to defrauded United States persons.
(7) Using sanctions, visa restrictions, and other accountability and behavioral change measures, in coordination with allies and partners to the greatest extent possible, against enabling countries, transnational criminal organizations, human traffickers, and related third-party facilitators of scam compound operations.
(8) Investigating and highlighting the People's Republic of China's involvement in the origin and perpetuation of scam compounds, including through links between Chinese Communist Party officials and criminal organizations, deepening regional security influence, and selective crackdowns that incentivize the targeting of Americans.
(9) Investigating the Burmese military's involvement in allowing, ignoring, and profiting from scam compounds in Burma, and the importance of resolving the instability and violence in Burma to stop the unfettered operation of scam compounds in Burma.
(10) Harnessing offensive cyber capabilities to degrade scam compound operations.
(11) Integrating data collection, analysis, and response mechanisms across Federal, Tribal, territorial, State, and local agencies, including by assessing if any existing relevant Fusion Centers could be leveraged to combat the operations of scam compounds.
(12) Convening like-minded foreign allies and partners to combat scam compounds, including by establishing similar task forces or working groups, compiling and sharing data, and collaborating regarding the investigation and prosecution of key actors and enablers.
(c) Contents.--The Strategy shall--
(1) include a comprehensive problem statement identifying the structural vulnerabilities exploited by transnational criminal organizations operating scam compounds;
(2) develop a comprehensive list of enabling countries and impacted countries;
(3) identify private sector entities whose commercial services are utilized by transnational criminal organizations operating scam compounds and provide recommendations to address such use;
(4) identify all active executive branch relevant foreign assistance programs as well as diplomatic efforts underway to address scam compounds, transnational criminal organizations connected to scam compounds, and related money laundering, and human trafficking, including forced criminality, including efforts with enabling countries and impacted countries;
(5) identify resources needed to implement the Strategy and any obstacles to the response of the Federal Government to scam compounds, including coordination with partner governments, to address the human trafficking, including forced criminality, and money laundering that facilitates and sustains scam compound operations; and
(6) include indicators that measure the success of the Strategy, including achieving the objectives described in subsection (b), which may include the number of persons sanctioned, the number of arrest warrants or indictments issued, the number of arrests made, the amount of United States losses mitigated, the number of victims of trafficking in persons identified and protected, and the reduction in the number of active scam compounds, in comparison to the previous year.
(d) Limitation.--Nothing in the Strategy may--
(1) affect, apply to, or create obligations related to past, present, or future criminal or civil law enforcement or intelligence activities of the United States or the law enforcement activities of any State or subdivision of a State; or
(2) change existing authorities related to the sharing of personally identifiable information or the collection or sharing of information about individuals solely for constitutionally protected activities.
SEC. 8747. ESTABLISHING A TASK FORCE TO IMPLEMENT THE
STRATEGY.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after submitting the Strategy pursuant to section 8746(a), the Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, shall establish or designate an interagency task force (referred to in this section as the "Task Force")--
(1) to coordinate the implementation of the Strategy;
(2) to conduct regular monitoring and analysis of scam compound operations internationally; and
(3) to track and evaluate progress toward the objectives, activities, and performance indicators of the Strategy.
(b) Information Sharing.--To ensure proper coordination and effective interagency action, each Federal department or agency represented on the Task Force shall fully share--
(1) all relevant data with the Task Force, consistent with existing Federal law; and
(2) all information regarding the department's or agency's plans, before and after final agency decisions are made, on all matters relating to actions regarding combating scam compounds to the extent that sharing of information does not violate protocols or regulations regarding sharing of law enforcement sensitive or classified information.
(c) Consultation.--The Task Force, or representatives of the Task Force, should--
(1) consult with Tribal, State, territorial, and local law enforcement entities and stakeholder organizations in the United States that have firsthand expertise in reporting and combating cyber-enabled fraud and recovering proceeds of crimes;
(2) consult regularly with nongovernmental organizations in the United States with expertise in countering trafficking in persons or anti-corruption, as appropriate;
(3) develop partnerships with relevant private sector actors for the purpose of better disrupting the enabling infrastructure of scam compounds, operations, and syndicates; and
(4) engage civil society organizations to better understand the complexity of the scam compound problem in each country and the broader economic, political, and governance challenges that are exacerbating the problem.
(d) Congressional Consultation.--The Task Force shall consult regularly with the appropriate congressional committees on its efforts to implement the Strategy, including potential updates to the Strategy.
(e) Annual Reviews and Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the establishment of the Task Force, and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Task Force shall--
(1) conduct a status review of the Strategy and the overall state of scam compounds operated by transnational criminal organizations that includes--
(A) a list of enabling countries and impacted countries;
(B) an estimate of the amount of proceeds of crimes against United States nationals through scams emanating from scam compounds;
(C) an estimate of the amount of proceeds described in subparagraph (B) that was intercepted, seized, or returned as a result of United States Government action;
(D) an analysis of the role that human trafficking plays in scam compounds around the world;
(E) a list of known scam compounds operating across Southeast Asia; and
(F) a description of if, where, and how scam compounds and operations have proliferated outside of Southeast Asia across other regions of the world; and
(2) submit the results of such review in a public report to the appropriate congressional committees, which may contain a classified annex.
(f) Task Force Termination.--The Task Force shall terminate on the date that is 6 years after the date on which the Task Force is established.
SEC. 8748. STRENGTHENING TOOLS TO DISMANTLE SCAM COMPOUNDS
AND HOLD TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
ACCOUNTABLE.
(a) Imposition of Sanctions With Respect to Actors in Scam Compound Operations.--Beginning on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President may impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any foreign person the President determines--
(1) has knowingly provided significant financial or technological support to, or knowingly provided significant goods or services in support of, the activities of international scam compounds or enabling services, including, but not limited to, fraudulent recruitment, human trafficking (including forced criminality), cyber-enabled fraud, or money-laundering; or
(2) owned, controlled, directed, or acted for, or on behalf of, a significant scam compound operation or enabling service, including, but not limited to, fraudulent recruitment, human trafficking (including forced criminality), cyber-enabled fraud, or money-laundering.
(b) Sanctions Described.--
(1) Asset blocking.--The President may exercise all powers granted to the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.
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1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a foreign person described in subsection (a), including, to the extent appropriate, the vessel of which the person is the beneficial owner, if such property or interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(2) Visas, admission, or parole.--
(A) In general.--An alien described in subsection (a) is--
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible for a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B) Current visas revoked.--
(i) In general.--An alien described in subsection (a) is subject to revocation of any visa or other entry documentation regardless of when the visa or other entry documentation was issued.
(ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under clause (i) shall take effect immediately and automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien's possession.
(c) Exceptions.--
(1) Exception to comply with international obligations and law enforcement activities.--Sanctions described in subsection (b)(2) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an alien if admitting or paroling such alien into the United States is necessary--
(A) to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations; or
(B) to carry out or assist with authorized law enforcement activities in the United States.
(2) Exception to comply with intelligence activities.--Sanctions authorized under this section shall not apply with respect to any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.
(3) Exception for human trafficking victims.--Sanctions described in subsection (b) shall not apply with respect to a person determined by the President to be a victim of trafficking in persons within a scam compound, consistent with section 102(b)(19) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101(b)(19)).
(4) Exception for unwitting participation.--Sanctions described in subsection (b) shall not apply with respect to a foreign person if the President determines--
(A) the foreign person's involvement in a scam compound or a scam compound operation was without knowledge of its criminal nature; or
(B) the foreign person did not knowingly or willingly participate in, or provide significant support for, such operation.
(d) Implementation; Penalties.--
(1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section.
(2) Penalties.--The penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to any person who violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any prohibition of this section, or an order or regulation prescribed under this section, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 206(a) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1705(a)).
(e) Semiannual Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter for 7 years, the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that identifies--
(1) all foreign persons the President has sanctioned pursuant to this section; and
(2) the dates on which such sanctions were imposed.
(f) Form.--The report required under subsection (e) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(g) Waiver.--
(1) In general.--The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign person or a foreign financial institution if the President determines that such waiver is in the national interest of the United States.
(2) Report.--Not later than 15 days before granting a waiver pursuant to paragraph (1), the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
(A) the name of the individual or institution that is benefitting from such waiver; and
(B) if the beneficiary is an individual, a detailed justification explaining how the waiver serves the national security interests of the United States.
(3) Form.--The report required under paragraph (2) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 8749. REDRESS TO VICTIMS OF INTERNATIONAL SCAM COMPOUND
OPERATIONS.
(a) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report containing an assessment of existing forfeiture law that--
(1) outlines challenges or limitations to providing financial redress to victims of international scam compound operations; and
(2) offers recommendations, if any, to amend existing forfeiture law to better enable the Department of Justice to recover assets that may be used to compensate United States victims of scam operations.
(b) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form.
SEC. 8750. SATELLITE IMAGERY ACCESS TO MONITOR HUMAN RIGHTS
ABUSES RELATED TO SCAM COMPOUNDS TO DISCOVER
THE PRESENCE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING.
(a) Access to Satellite Imagery.--The Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, in coordination with, or at the request of, the Secretary, may provide nongovernmental organizations, nonprofit organizations, and intergovernmental entities access to current and archival high-resolution satellite imagery, subject to appropriate classification and information security requirements, to help advance efforts to combat scam compounds, forced criminality, and human trafficking, including monitoring and documenting observable activities at scam compounds in Southeast Asia, which may be associated with human trafficking, including forced labor or forced criminality.
(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
(1) any terms and conditions applicable with respect to the access authorized under subsection (a); and
(2) a list of each organization or entity that has been provided access pursuant to subsection (a).
(c) Form.--The report required under subsection (b) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 8750A. SUNSET.
This subtitle shall cease to be effective beginning on the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 8751. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Strategic Subsea Cables Act of 2026".
SEC. 8752. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Agency.--The term "agency" has the meaning given the term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.
(2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on the Judiciary, and
the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(3) Appropriate federal agencies.--The term "appropriate Federal agencies" means the following:
(A) The Department of Commerce.
(B) The Department of Defense.
(C) The Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
(D) The Department.
(E) The Federal Communications Commission.
(F) The Department of the Treasury.
(G) The Department of Justice.
(H) Any additional Federal agencies, as determined by the President.
(4) Critical undersea infrastructure.--The term "critical undersea infrastructure" refers to both subsea communications infrastructure and subsea energy infrastructure.
(5) Interagency committee.--The term "interagency committee" means the entity established under section 8762(b).
(6) Non-federal entity.--The term "non-Federal entity" means any nongovernmental entity that is an individual, organization, or business involved in the operation, maintenance, repair, or construction of critical undersea infrastructure, including critical undersea infrastructure owners.
(7) Sabotage.--The term "sabotage" means any act, or attempt to commit such an act, undertaken with the intent to cause damage to, or substantial interruption or impairment of, the safe and reliable operation of, critical undersea infrastructure, including by materially degrading the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data transmitted via subsea communications infrastructure.
(8) Subsea energy infrastructure.--The term "subsea energy infrastructure" means a subsea cable, pipeline, or other equipment installed on, beneath, or within the seabed, including--
(A) to transmit electricity, including via subsea electricity cables, subsea electricity transformers, or equipment related to the support of offshore energy production installations;
(B) to transport natural gas, oil, or hydrogen between land-based or off-shore infrastructure; and
(C) associated landing stations and facilities.
(9) Subsea communications infrastructure.--The term "subsea communications infrastructure" has the meaning given the term "submarine cable system" in section 1.70001(h) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, and any subsequent update to such meaning.
PART I-- INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION AND ENGAGEMENT ON CRITICAL UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE
SEC. 8753.
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FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure poses a growing threat to United States and allied security and economic prosperity.
(2) In recent years, numerous critical undersea infrastructure sites were destroyed or damaged, including--
(A) in January 2022, the reported damage to subsea communications infrastructure connecting the Norwegian mainland with the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard, home of SvalSAT, the largest commercial satellite ground station on Earth;
(B) in February 2023, the reported damage to subsea communications infrastructure connecting the main island of Taiwan to the Matsu Islands in the Taiwan Strait;
(C) in October 2023, the reported damage to the Finland-to-Estonia Balticconnector natural gas pipeline spanning the Gulf of Finland, in addition to the reported damage to subsea communications cables connecting Estonia and Sweden and Finland and Estonia;
(D) in November 2024, the reported damage to the Finland-to-Germany C-Lion1 subsea communications cables and the Lithuania-to-Sweden BCS subsea communications cable in the central Baltic Sea;
(E) in December 2024, the reported damage to the Finland-to-Estonia EstLink2 subsea electricity interconnection cable and nearby subsea communications cables in the Gulf of Finland;
(F) in January 2025, the reported damage to the Trans-Pacific Express subsea communications cable connecting Taiwan to the United States, the Republic of Korea, and Japan;
(G) in February 2025, the reported damage to a subsea communications cable connecting the main island of Taiwan with the Penghu Islands in the Taiwan Strait;
(H) in January 2026, the reported damage to subsea communications cables from Latvia in the Central Baltic Sea linking Liepaja and Sventoji; and
(I) in January 2026, the reported damage to the Elisa cable connecting Finland and Estonia involving a vessel named the Fitburg.
(3) In February 2024, NATO Defense Ministers established the Critical Undersea Infrastructure Network to coordinate information and threat intelligence sharing among private and public sector actors to protect critical undersea infrastructure.
(4) In January 2025, following critical undersea infrastructure sabotage in the Baltic Sea in December 2024, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) launched Baltic Sentry to strengthen the protection of critical undersea infrastructure.
(5) On February 21, 2025, the European Union published an EU Action Plan on Cable Security to include the development and deployment of an Integrated Surveillance Mechanism for Submarine cables work to establish a dedicated regional hub in the Baltic Sea to serve as a test bed of the integrated surveillance approach.
(6) The Association of Southeast Asian States (ASEAN) published guidelines for Strengthening Resilience and Repair of Submarine Cables and most recently announced plans to "build a secure, diverse and resilient submarine cable network" and "to facilitate the expeditious deployment, repair, maintenance, removal, and protection of submarine cables, between ASEAN Member States".
(7) On July 1, 2025, the Quad, represented by the United States, India, Japan, and Australia, met to reaffirm its commitment to the Quad Partnership on Cable Connectivity and Resilience. In the meeting, the Quad underscored the need for digital infrastructure collaboration, organizing a subsea cables forum to be hosted by the United States and India and encouraging regulatory harmonization between Quad partners. Through this initiative, the Quad seeks to defend and promote resilient, secure, and transparent digital infrastructure across the Indo-Pacific region.
SEC. 8754. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) critical undersea infrastructure represents vital strategic and economic links between the United States and its partners and allies;
(2) according to NATO, "undersea cables carry an estimated $10 trillion in transfers every day; two-thirds of the world's oil and gas is either extracted at sea or transported by sea; and around 95 percent of global data flows are transmitted via undersea cables";
(3) since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, there has been a marked increase in high-profile suspected sabotage incidents resulting in damage to critical undersea infrastructure, especially across Northern Europe and East Asia;
(4) private sector owners and operators of critical undersea infrastructure are responsible for the installation, maintenance, security, and repair of critical undersea infrastructure, and the role of the United States Government is to support, not supplant, those responsibilities through domestic and international coordination, including with the private sector and allied foreign governments, to improve security, threat detection, and incident response to address sabotage and policies that undermine critical undersea infrastructure resilience;
(5) the United States Government has an important role to play in supporting international bodies concerned with the protection of critical undersea infrastructure, including promoting network resilience and redundancy, and encouraging the implementation of appropriate standards and best practices in support of these goals;
(6) the United States Government should deepen its contribution to multilateral efforts to protect critical undersea infrastructure, including appropriate participation in NATO initiatives such as the NATO Maritime Centre for the Security of Critical Undersea Infrastructure, the Critical Undersea Infrastructure Coordination Cell, the Critical Undersea Infrastructure Network, and the NATO-EU Task Force on the Resilience of Critical Infrastructure, allied maritime security efforts such as the Joint Expeditionary Force, Indo-Pacific initiatives, including the Quad Partnership for Cable Connectivity and Resilience, and international organizations such as the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC), in order to advance United States national security and economic interests; and
(7) the United States should work with allies and partners to support the private sector deployment of resilient critical undersea infrastructure networks, enhance shared situational awareness, strengthen joint preparedness, and formalize coordinated responses among allies and partners through improved information sharing and cooperation with private sector owners and operators to prevent, deter, and mitigate sabotage.
SEC. 8755. ENHANCING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ENGAGEMENT WITH
RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL BODIES TO SAFEGUARD
UNITED STATES INTERESTS.
(a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the interagency committee, as appropriate, shall seek to deepen United States Government engagement with relevant international bodies to advance United States national security and economic interests as it relates to critical undersea infrastructure.
(b) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes the following:
(1) A description of how strengthened United States Government engagement with relevant international bodies, including in coordination with the United States domestic subsea cable industry, could support United States national security objectives as it relates to the protection of critical undersea infrastructure.
(2) A description of key objectives for promoting and protecting United States national security interests within relevant international bodies.
(3) A description of how the People's Republic of China entities leverage their engagement with relevant international bodies to further their strategic interests.
(4) A description of how encouraging other countries and regional bodies to engage with relevant international bodies can better ensure coordinated, consistent global critical undersea infrastructure policies.
(5) A description of international bodies relevant for critical undersea infrastructure where the United States should increase its diplomatic engagement.
SEC. 8756. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CRITICAL
UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE SABOTAGE.
(a) In General.--The President, in coordination with the Secretary and the Secretary of the Treasury, shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to any foreign person that the President determines, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, is responsible for acts of sabotage or knowingly facilitates acts of sabotage against critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(1) any foreign vessel or entity the owner or operator of which knowingly--
(A) commits acts of sabotage; or
(B) conducts preparatory surveillance, logistical support, security, or other services that facilitate or enable an act of sabotage; and
(2) any foreign person that the President determines knowingly--
(A) owns, operates, or manages the vessel or entity described in paragraph (1);
(B) provides underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance necessary for such a vessel or entity;
(C) facilitates deceptive or structured transactions to support a vessel or entity described in paragraph (1);
(D) provides port or logistics services or facilities for technology upgrades or installation of equipment for, or retrofitting or tethering of, a vessel described in paragraph (1) for the purpose of evading sanctions;
(E) provides documentation, registration, or flagging services for a vessel described in paragraph (1) for the purpose of evading sanctions; or
(F) serves as a captain, principal officer, or senior leadership of such a vessel or entity.
(b) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:
(1) Blocking of property.--The President may exercise all of the powers granted by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a foreign person described in subsection (a), if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(2) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole.--
(A) Visas, admission, or parole.--An alien described in subsection (a) shall be--
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B) Current visas revoked.--
(i) In general.--The visa or other entry documentation of an alien described in subsection (a) shall be revoked, regardless of when such visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
(ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under clause (i) shall--
(I) take effect immediately; and
(II) automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the possession of the alien.
(c) Implementation; Penalties.--
(1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section.
(2) Penalties.--The penalties provided for in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to any person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any prohibition of this section, or an order or regulation prescribed under this section, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 206(a) of such Act (50 U.S.C.
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1705(a)).
(d) Exceptions.--
(1) Exception to comply with united nations headquarters agreement and law enforcement activities.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to an alien if admitting or paroling the alien is necessary--
(A) to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations of the United States; or
(B) to carry out or assist authorized law enforcement activity in the United States.
(2) Exception to comply with intelligence activities.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply to any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.
(3) Exception for humanitarian assistance.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply to--
(A) the conduct or facilitation of a transaction for the provision of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, medical devices, or humanitarian assistance, or for humanitarian purposes; or
(B) transactions that are necessary for or related to the activities described in subparagraph (A).
(4) Exception for safety of vessels and crew.--Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to a person providing provisions to a vessel otherwise subject to sanctions under this section if such provisions are intended for the safety and care of the crew aboard the vessel, the protection of human life aboard the vessel, or the maintenance of the vessel to avoid any environmental or other significant damage.
(e) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Admission; admitted; alien.--The terms "admission", "admitted", and "alien" have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
(2) Agricultural commodity.--The term "agricultural commodity" has the meaning given that term in section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602).
(3) Foreign person.--The term "foreign person" means an individual or entity that is not a United States person.
(4) Medicine.--The term "medicine" has the meaning given the term "drug" in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).
(5) Medical device.--The term "medical device" has the meaning given the term "device" in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).
(6) United states person.--The term "United States person" means--
(A) any United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States;
(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including any foreign branch of such an entity; or
(C) any person in the United States.
(f) National Security Interests Waiver.--The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section if, before issuing the waiver, the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees--
(1) a certification in writing that the issuance of the waiver is in the national security interests of the United States; and
(2) a report, including an optional classified annex, explaining the basis for the certification.
SEC. 8757. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
(a) Report.--To ensure appropriate deterrence, escalation management, and responses related to critical undersea infrastructure, not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), in coordination with the Secretary, the Secretary of Defense, and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes the following:
(1) A description, with respect to the applicable reporting period, of the subsea cable manufacturing, installation, and maintenance capabilities of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Russian Federation.
(2) An analysis of the mission, capabilities, and activities of the Main Directorate of Deep-Sea Research (GUGI) of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, including--
(A) a description of GUGI's use of ostensibly civilian research vessels to conduct critical undersea infrastructure seabed warfare, and potential sabotage;
(B) an assessment of the impact of sanctions on the ability of GUGI to procure advanced technologies and equipment, as well as its efforts to circumvent those sanctions; and
(C) a list of suspected GUGI research or scientific vessels, including vessel names and International Maritime Organization and Maritime Mobile Service Identity numbers, and related equipment that are suspected of engaging in dual-use operations and probing of critical undersea infrastructure.
(3) An analysis of the missions, capabilities, and activities of the People's Liberation Army, the PRC Coast Guard, the China Ship Scientific Research Center, HMN Technologies, and other PRC-based entities, including unmarked or dual-use maritime militia or commercial vessels related to monitoring and sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(A) a description of recent capability developments related to sabotaging critical undersea infrastructure, including for both deep-sea and littoral purposes; and
(B) a description of the PRC's use of ostensibly civilian fishing, merchant, and research vessels for sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure, including in the Indo-Pacific, Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Hemisphere.
(4) An assessment of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the PRC on sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(A) any current or planned operational coordination against United States or allied and partner nation targets;
(B) any joint research, development, testing, or evaluation of critical undersea infrastructure sabotage or seabed warfare capabilities;
(C) any technology transfers or joint training related to critical undersea infrastructure surveillance, sabotage, or seabed warfare; and
(D) any coordination in procurement of advanced technologies related to critical undersea infrastructure sabotage, seabed warfare, or circumvention of sanctions against the Russian Federation.
(5) A list of instances during the previous calendar year in which the United States, or allies and partners of the United States, documented anomalous behavior from vessels, either flagged, crewed, or operated by the PRC or Russia, around critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(A) any official United States Government response to counter the anomalous behavior; and
(B) any coordinated diplomatic action with allies and partners.
(6) An assessment of the extent to which PRC-based entities are involved in laying, maintaining, and repairing United States-invested cables.
(b) Initial and Subsequent Reports.--The initial report required under subsection (a) shall cover the period between January 1, 2022, through the date of the enactment of this Act. Subsequent reports required by subsection (a) shall cover the previous calendar year for the reporting period.
(c) Classification.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 8758. ENGAGING FOREIGN PARTNERS TO STRENGTHEN THE
SECURITY OF CRITICAL UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) as international critical undersea infrastructure expands, the complexity of the deployment and protection of subsea cables is increasing, which can create operational and security vulnerabilities that, if exploited, may have national security implications for the United States and foreign partners;
(2) the United States, together with its allies and partners, is well positioned to offer technical, material, and other forms of support to international partners to enhance the resilience of international critical undersea infrastructure;
(3) the United States Government should enhance its diplomatic engagement with trusted allies to support foreign governments and private industry efforts to improve the timely and effective deployment and protection of critical undersea infrastructure; and
(4) given the importance of critical undersea infrastructure to United States and allied energy security and prosperity, adversaries are increasingly prioritizing capabilities designed to target United States and allied subsea energy infrastructure.
(b) Commitment of Personnel and Resources.--The Secretary shall devote sufficient personnel and resources towards--
(1) engaging with foreign countries, in coordination with other relevant Federal agencies and private industry, to promote international cooperation on the security and resilience of critical undersea infrastructure, including by helping address regulatory and diplomatic obstacles that may affect the timely deployment and protection by operators; and
(2) working with allies and partners to improve collective preparedness and response times in the event of sabotage affecting critical undersea infrastructure, including, as appropriate, by supporting international coordination mechanisms that facilitate the timely deployment of cable repair and support vessels.
(c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the next 5 years, the Secretary, in coordination with other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that outlines efforts by the United States Government in the prior calendar year to work with international allies and partners to strengthen the security and resilience of critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(1) a list of current foreign policies, laws, or regulatory practices that may create barriers or constrain the ability of critical undersea infrastructure operators to install, maintain, repair, and protect critical undersea infrastructure and any steps taken through dialogue with allies and partners to address such challenges; and
(2) a description of the progress made in the previous calendar year as a result of United States diplomatic engagement with allies and partners on these issues.
PART II--DEPARTMENT OF STATE CRITICAL UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE EXPERTISE
SEC. 8761.
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EXPANDING CRITICAL UNDERSEA INFRASTRUCTURE-RELATED
EXPERTISE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
(a) In General.--The Secretary shall ensure that the Department has adequate expertise to support the Department's diplomatic and interagency engagement on matters related to critical undersea infrastructure, including--
(1) promoting the protection and resilience of critical undersea infrastructure through international cooperation;
(2) coordinating with United States allies and partners on foreign policy and security aspects of critical undersea infrastructure; and
(3) representing United States interests and engagement in international bodies that address critical undersea infrastructure.
(b) Assignment.--The Bureau for Cyberspace and Digital Policy shall ensure that personnel assigned to oversee critical undersea infrastructure are provided sufficient time, resources, and ability to carry out those responsibilities effectively, including, as appropriate, by prohibiting dual-hatting arrangement that could dilute the Department's expertise.
(c) Notification.--Not later than 15 days after fulfilling the expertise requirement in subsection (a), the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(d) International Cooperation on Critical Undersea Infrastructure Sabotage.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on how the United States Government plans to prioritize diplomatic engagement within relevant international bodies to encourage and facilitate appropriate information sharing between allied and partner governments and relevant private sector companies regarding threats to, and the sabotage of, critical undersea infrastructure.
PART III--INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON SUBSEA COMMUNICATIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION FROM SABOTAGE
SEC. 8762. IMPROVING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT COORDINATION ON
PROTECTING SUBSEA COMMUNICATIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) There is no single agency where subsea cable owners and operators can engage the United States Government on security and resilience, including to seek coordinated assistance in identifying and addressing shared risks to subsea communications infrastructure.
(2) United States Federal Government responsibilities for the protection of subsea communications infrastructure, damage reporting, information and intelligence sharing, and emergency response are spread across multiple departments and agencies.
(3) In order to ensure United States agencies and departments appropriately account for the risks to subsea communications infrastructure and provide timely and coordinated support when warranted, the United States Government should improve interagency coordination and share risk assessments and best practices with the subsea communications infrastructure industry, while respecting the industry's primary responsibility for security risk mitigation, investment, and operational decision-making.
(b) Establishment.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall establish an interagency committee (referred to in this subtitle as the "interagency committee") comprised of the heads, or their designees, of the appropriate Federal agencies and departments, to coordinate the United States Government efforts to--
(1) promote awareness of and support for the protection and resilience of subsea communications infrastructure;
(2) facilitate voluntary collaboration and information sharing with relevant non-Federal entities, including relevant members of the subsea communications infrastructure industry, to identify and address shared challenges to subsea communications infrastructure security and resilience;
(3) coordinate United States Government policies related to subsea communications infrastructure security and resilience; and
(4) address other matters related to subsea communications infrastructure deemed appropriate and necessary by the President.
(c) Coordination.--The President shall direct the interagency committee to conduct an overview of the United States Federal Government's operational authorities for subsea communications security and resilience. The overview shall include an interagency concept of operations describing how Federal departments and agencies will coordinate with one another and, on a voluntary basis, partner with non-Federal entities, including subsea communications owners and operators, to support the security and repair of subsea communications infrastructure in a variety of crisis scenarios.
(d) Analysis of Subsea Communications Infrastructure Sabotage.--
(1) In general.--The President shall direct the heads of the appropriate Federal agencies to develop strategies to coordinate closely within the interagency process and, on a voluntary basis, with subsea communications industry stakeholders to review sabotage and other threats to subsea communications infrastructure, including where appropriate and consistent with applicable law and voluntary information-sharing arrangements, by leveraging analysis from aggregated industry data, to--
(A) identify trends;
(B) refine attributions, particularly in cases of subsea communications infrastructure sabotage;
(C) identify geographic areas where subsea communications infrastructure may face elevated risk;
(D) identify Federal Government functions and private sector engagement methods that can support, rather than direct, the security of subsea communications infrastructure; and
(E) inform future risk mitigation efforts by Federal departments and agencies to support industry-led measures to reduce damage to subsea communications infrastructure.
(2) Strategy elements.--The strategies required under paragraph (1) shall include--
(A) resourcing requirements to carry out the activities described in paragraph (1);
(B) coordination with United States allies and partners and relevant subsea communications infrastructure industry stakeholders; and
(C) the necessary technical expertise within the Federal Government to contribute to the analysis of subsea communications infrastructure sabotage.
(e) Report.--Not later than 30 days after establishing the required interagency committee under subsection (b), the President shall submit to Congress a report that includes the following elements:
(1) Any resources required to sufficiently staff the interagency committee and United States Federal agencies overseeing the objectives outlined in subsection (b).
(2) A detailed plan for how the interagency committee will advance the objectives outlined in subsection (b).
SEC. 8763. STRENGTHENING INFORMATION SHARING BETWEEN UNITED
STATES GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR
STAKEHOLDERS ON SUBSEA COMMUNICATIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE.
(a) Public-private Sector Information Sharing.--Consistent with the necessary protections of classified information, the sourcing of relevant intelligence material, and privacy and civil liberties, all appropriate Federal agencies shall, in direct coordination with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and, as appropriate, with intelligence sharing partnerships with trusted allies, issue procedures--
(1) to enable the timely sharing of classified information regarding subsea communications infrastructure sabotage, any indications of potential sabotage, and other threats to subsea communications infrastructure with non-Federal entities that possess the necessary security clearances;
(2) to facilitate the timely sharing between members of the interagency committee and non-Federal entities of information related to subsea communications infrastructure sabotage, information relating to indications of potential sabotage, or other threats when such information can be declassified and shared at an unclassified level;
(3) to promote the timely sharing by members of the interagency committee to non-Federal entities, and the voluntary, cooperative sharing by non-Federal entities to members of the interagency committee, of unclassified, including controlled unclassified, information regarding subsea communications infrastructure sabotage, indications of potential sabotage, and other threats to subsea communications infrastructure; and
(4) to support the prevention or mitigation of adverse effects from sabotage or other threats to subsea communications infrastructure through the timely sharing by members of the interagency committee to non-Federal entities, and the voluntary cooperative sharing by non-Federal entities to members of the interagency committee, when and if appropriate, of information relating to indications of potential subsea communications infrastructure sabotage.
(b) Development of Procedures.--The procedures developed in accordance with this section shall--
(1) ensure the Federal departments and agencies that are members of the interagency committee have and maintain the capacity to identify and inform in near real time information regarding subsea communications infrastructure sabotage and indications of potential subsea communications infrastructure sabotage to other appropriate Federal agencies or non-Federal entities consistent with the protection of classified information;
(2) incorporate, whenever possible, existing processes, roles, and responsibilities of members of the interagency committee and non-Federal entities for information sharing, including subsea communications infrastructure-specific information sharing and analysis entities; and
(3) require members of the interagency committee and other appropriate Federal agencies which are sharing subsea communications infrastructure sabotage indicators or defensive measures to employ any applicable security controls to defend against unauthorized access to or acquisition of such information.
(c) Submittal to Congress.--The Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the members of the interagency committee, shall--
(1) not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit to the appropriate congressional committees the procedures required under subsection (b); and
(2) not later than one year after submitting such procedures, and annually thereafter for 5 years, submit to Congress a report on the implementation and execution of information sharing with non-Federal entities in the previous year pursuant to subsection (a).
SEC. 8764. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
Nothing in this subtitle may be construed--
(1) to confer any new regulatory authority on, or to modify any existing regulatory of, any Federal department or agency with respect to owners and operators of critical undersea infrastructure, to authorize the provision of subsidies to critical undersea infrastructure, or to alter the responsibility of the private sector for the deployment, operation, maintenance, security, and repair of critical undersea infrastructure;
(2) to involuntarily require non-Federal entities to share proprietary or confidential business information with the United States Government;
(3) to alter existing statutory authorities or criteria governing communications services, or the licensing permitting, or authorization of submarine cable landings, spectrum, or domestic communications regulation, including any requirements under the Act of May 27, 1921 (47 U.S.C.
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34 et seq.; commonly known as the "Cable Landing Licensing Act") or related statutes;
(4) to create any new requirement that non-Federal entities obtain additional Federal approvals, beyond those already required under existing law, before planning, constructing, operating, maintaining, or repairing critical undersea infrastructure; or
(5) to authorize any Federal department or agency to direct, approve, or veto the day-to-day operational decisions of owners or operators of critical undersea infrastructure, including route selection, maintenance scheduling, or other commercial decisions except as expressly provided by other applicable law.
Subtitle F--Countering China's Control of the Caucasus Act
SEC. 8771. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "Countering China's Control of the Caucasus Act of 2026".
SEC. 8772. REPORTS AND BRIEFINGS.
(a) Report on Russian and Chinese Intelligence Assets in Georgia.--
(1) Defined term.--In this section, the term "relevant congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(E) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(F) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives;
(G) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives; and
(H) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of Defense, shall submit a classified report, as appropriate, to the relevant congressional committees that meets the requirements set forth in paragraph (3).
(3) Contents.--The report required under paragraph (2) shall--
(A) be prepared consistent with the protection of sources and methods;
(B) examine the penetration of Russian and Chinese intelligence elements and their assets in Georgia; and
(C) examine the potential intersection of Russian and Chinese influence and cooperation in Georgia.
(b) 5-Year United States Strategy for Bilateral Relations With Georgia.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the relevant congressional committees a detailed strategy that--
(A) outlines specific objectives for enhancing bilateral ties which reflect the current domestic political environment in Georgia;
(B) includes a determination of the tools, resources, and funding that should be available to achieve the objectives outlined pursuant to subparagraph (A) and an assessment of whether Georgia should remain a top recipient of United States funding in the Europe and Eurasia region;
(C) includes a determination of the extent to which the United States should continue to invest in its partnership with Georgia; and
(D) includes a determination of whether the Government of Georgia remains committed to expanding trade ties with the United States and Europe and whether the United States Government should continue to invest in Georgian projects.
(2) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, with a classified annex.
SEC. 8776. ANNUAL REPORT.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the "Saving Lives and Taxpayer Dollars Act".
(b) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act,
and annually thereafter through December 31, 2030, the Secretary, in coordination with the head of the relevant Federal department or agency responsible for administering assistance under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or under the Food for Peace Act (Public Law 83-480; 7 U.S.C. 1721 et seq) shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes any foreign assistance product or commodity that, despite all reasonable efforts to prevent contamination, spoilage, or expiration or, having reached the end of a product's useful life under the laws of the United States or of the recipient country, was destroyed during the reporting period.
(c) Contents.--The report required under subsection (b) shall include, for each product or commodity that was contaminated, spoiled, expired, or reached the end of its useful life and was destroyed--
(1) a description of the reasonable efforts made to prevent waste and ensure the product or commodity reached the intended beneficiaries;
(2) the reason the product or commodity could not be made available to the intended beneficiaries, including a description of any relevant domestic laws or regulations of the intended beneficiary country that impeded or prohibited the delivery, donation or sale of such product or commodity prior to its spoilage, expiration date, or the date on which the product reached the end of its useful life;
(3) the purpose of the product or commodity and the geographic locations of the intended beneficiaries of such product or commodity;
(4) the procured and market value of the products or commodity; and
(5) the cost incurred to destroy the product or commodity, as applicable.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) Foreign assistance product or commodity.--The term "foreign assistance product or commodity" means any product or commodity provided by the United States Government under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or under the Food for Peace Act (Public Law 83-480; 7 U.S.C. 1721 et seq.), including food, specialized nutrition products, medicines, vaccines, and medical supplies and devices that are procured, acquired, managed, controlled, or held in warehouse, ships, shipping containers, or any other storage facility, by the United States Government or an implementing partner of the United States Government.
(3) Reporting period.--The term "reporting period" means--
(A) with respect to the initial report required under subsection (b), the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act and ending on the date on which such report is submitted to the appropriate congressional committees; and
(B) with respect to all subsequent reports required under subsection (b), the period beginning on the day after the date on which the prior report was submitted pursuant to subsection (b) and ending on the date on which the next report is submitted.
SEC. 8781. REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE.
(a) Report Required.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that--
(1) describes the foreign assistance strategy of the United States in support of United States-Syria policy; and
(2) provides comprehensive details on foreign assistance programs (including humanitarian and nonhumanitarian efforts) inside Syria that have been paused or canceled since January 2025.
(b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall include, at a minimum, the following elements:
(1) A listing of any United States foreign assistance program currently operating in Syria, including a description of the scope of each program and how each program serves United States objectives in Syria.
(2) A description of efforts to leverage international donors, multilateral organizations, charities, or other external funders to fill gaps, where they exist.
(3) An accounting of all sustained and ongoing humanitarian and foreign assistance programs inside Syria, including a comprehensive description of each project, any supporting organizations, relevant details related to funding, performance metrics, progress towards meeting United States objectives, and other relevant details, as needed.
SEC. 8782. STRATEGY ON ISIS-RELATED DETAINEE AND DISPLACEMENT
CAMPS IN SYRIA.
Section 1262 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (Public Law 118-31) is amended--
(1) in subsection (e)(1), by inserting ", and annually thereafter through January 2029," after "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act"; and
(2) in subsection (f)(1)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking "January 31, 2025" and inserting "January 31, 2029"; and
(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking clause (ii) and inserting the following:
"(ii) an assessment of the status of all United States efforts, including via foreign assistance, to encourage and facilitate repatriation and reintegration of all individuals from such camps, consistent with all relevant domestic and applicable international laws;".
SEC. 8783. STRATEGY FOR ENGAGEMENT WITH SYRIAN AUTHORITIES
AND FOR EVALUATING SECURITY AT THE UNITED
STATES MISSION.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the United States should take measures to expand its engagement with Syrian authorities in support of mutual national security interests, such as combating terrorism, eliminating chemical weapons, and mitigating Captagon smuggling; and
(2) the Department should take measures to evaluate and mitigate known security vulnerabilities at the United States mission in Damascus in support of eventually reopening the embassy compound for official usage.
(b) Report Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter until January 1, 2029, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report describing the strategy of the United States to establish and sustain deepened engagement with Syrian authorities and assesses in detail the security conditions at the United States mission in Damascus and any known security preparations to re-establish operations on the compound.
(2) Elements.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum, the following elements:
(A) A strategy to strengthen and sustain broader United States engagement with Syrian authorities, which includes policy objectives, staffing plans domestically and overseas, regional engagement efforts, and efforts to engage Syrians, including activists, political groups, and civil society organizations.
(B) A detailed accounting of progress made on the engagement strategy, including meetings, travel, staffing patterns and changes, and notable gaps or areas where additional engagement is needed.
(C) A comprehensive assessment of security conditions at the United States mission in Damascus, any notable changes or progress made towards hardening security, and any progress towards re-establishing a permanent presence or re-opening the embassy.
SEC. 8784.
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STRATEGY TO ENSURE THE ENDURING DEFEAT OF ISIS IN
SYRIA.
(a) Strategy Required.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall jointly develop and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a strategy to combat and prevent the further resurgence of ISIS and its affiliates in Syria.
(b) Elements of the Strategy.--The strategy required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:
(1) A summary of the United States national security interests in Syria and the impact a resurgence of ISIS would have on those interests.
(2) A comprehensive assessment of current training and support programs by agency or department, specifically focused on countering ISIS and other terrorist organizations, including nonlethal assistance, training, and organizational capacity for the Syrian authorities and others to counter gains by ISIS and its affiliates.
(3) A detailed description of United States Government efforts to support, develop, and expand the capacity of Syrian authorities to combat ISIS and prevent its return.
(4) An estimate of the number of current, active ISIS members in Iraq and Syria, including an assessment of those being held in detainee camps or prisons.
(5) A comprehensive plan to repatriate or secure ISIS detainees currently being held in Syria and Iraq, including--
(A) repatriation, transfer, prosecution, and intelligence-gathering;
(B) coordinating a whole-of-government approach with other countries and international organizations, including INTERPOL, to ensure secure chains of custody and locations of ISIS foreign terrorist fighter detainees;
(C) coordinating technical and evidentiary assistance to foreign countries to aid in the successful prosecution of ISIS foreign terrorist fighter detainees;
(D) all multilateral and international engagements led by the Department and other agencies that are related to the current and future handling, detention, and prosecution of ISIS foreign terrorist fighter detainees;
(E) engagement with international partners on legal, tenable mechanisms for repatriating foreign fighters; and
(F) a plan for how funds in appropriations Acts will support disarmament, demobilization, disengagement, deradicalization, and reintegration of current and former members and affiliates of ISIS and their family members.
(6) A description, which may be in classified form, of ISIS senior leadership and infrastructure and efforts to target leadership figures.
(7) A comprehensive description of the activities of the United States Government, utilizing social media and other communication technologies, to counter ISIS's propaganda and influence and its ability to use such technologies to recruit fighters domestically and internationally, including through private technology companies, and a description of how such activities are being coordinated across the United States Government.
(8) A description of the steps taken by the United States Government, including through the use of economic sanctions to deny financial resources to ISIS and its affiliates, in conjunction with international partners and financial institutions.
(9) A description of United States Government efforts to support credible war crimes prosecutions against ISIS fighters.
(10) A plan to ensure the delivery of humanitarian and reintegration assistance.
SEC. 8785. DEFINED TERM.
In this subtitle, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(3) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
(4) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(5) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and
(6) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 8791. REPEALS OF SYRIA SANCTIONS STATUTES.
(a) Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003.--The Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-175; 22 U.S.C. 2151 note) is repealed.
(b) Syria Human Rights Accountability Act of 2012.--The Syria Human Rights Accountability Act of 2012 (title VII of Public Law 112-158; 22 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.) is repealed.
SEC. 8792. ESTABLISHMENT OF UKRAINE LESSONS LEARNED TASK
FORCE.
(a) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall establish a joint interagency task force, to be known as the "Ukraine Lessons Learned Task Force" (referred to in this section as the "Task Force").
(b) Purposes.--The purposes of the Task Force are--
(1) identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing key battlefield innovations, operational practices, and defense strategies employed by Ukraine in its resistance to Russian aggression;
(2) assessing the relevance of such lessons to United States military doctrine, training, logistics, acquisition, and strategic planning;
(3) recommending specific changes or pilot programs to integrate such lessons into United States defense systems;
(4) identifying vulnerabilities in United States systems highlighted by Ukraine's experience, including through joint operations such as Operation Spider Web; and
(5) coordinating with NATO allies and Ukrainian defense counterparts, as appropriate.
(c) Reporting Requirements.--
(1) Annual report to congress.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes--
(A) a summary of the findings and assessments conducted by the Task Force;
(B) recommendations for changes to doctrine, training, acquisition, or organizational structure;
(C) an overview of any pilot programs or implementation actions taken in response to such recommendations; and
(D) a classified annex with detailed assessments, to the extent necessary.
(2) Public version.--An unclassified version of the report required under paragraph (1) that excludes sensitive and classified information shall be made available to the public through a public website.
(d) Integration Into Military Training and Strategy.--The Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall ensure that relevant findings from the Task Force are--
(1) incorporated into professional military education curricula, including at the National Defense University, service academies, and war colleges;
(2) reflected in joint and service-specific training exercises and war games; and
(3) considered in the development of future operational concepts and planning scenarios.
(e) NATO and Allied Coordination.--The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall coordinate with NATO allies--
(1) to share and compare assessments of lessons learned from Ukraine's defense;
(2) to promote interoperability in defense innovation; and
(3) to explore the establishment of a multilateral "Defense Innovation Lessons Hub" or similar mechanism.
(f) Defined Term.--In this section, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(2) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
(3) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
(4) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(5) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(6) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives;
(7) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and
(8) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(g) Sunset.--This section shall cease to have any force or effect beginning on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 8795. EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTATION OF GOODS.
(1) In general.--The authorities and requirements to impose sanctions under this title shall not include the authority or requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
(2) Defined term.--In this section, the term "good" means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.
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SA 6653. Mr. LANKFORD submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,012 characters)
At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1271. ASSESSMENT OF PROCUREMENT BY TURKEY OF DUAL-USE
MILITARY COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGIES.
(a) In General.--The Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency shall conduct an assessment of--
(1) the scope and nature of Turkey's procurement of dual-use military components and technologies; and
(2) the degree to which Turkey's acquisition and co-production efforts involve Chinese military companies (as defined by section 1260H of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283; 10 U.S.C. 113)).
(b) Reports.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the findings of the assessment conducted under subsection (a).
(2) Form.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
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SA 6654. Mr. REED (for himself and Ms. Collins) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (8,315 characters)
At the end of subtitle C of title VIII, add the following:
SEC. 850. JOB CORPS SHIPBUILDING-DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE
PIPELINE ACT OF 2026.
(a) Alignment of Job Corps With the Defense Industrial Base.--
(1) In general.--The National Imperative for Industrial Skills program of the Department of Defense (or a successor program) shall maximize the use of and expand on the activities of Job Corps centers and registered apprenticeship programs to train the skilled industrial workers that are needed in the defense industrial base.
(2) Referral of military recruits to job corps.--Military recruiters shall make each military recruit who is ineligible to enlist in the military as a result of the requirements of section 520 of title 10, United States Code, aware of the opportunity to enroll in Job Corps and registered apprenticeship programs in order to meet the standards for enlistment or learn skills that can contribute to the defense industrial base.
(3) Job corps trade realignment.--In order to address shortages of skilled industrial workers in the defense industrial base, the Secretary of Defense may, through the National Imperative for Industrial Skills
program (or a successor program) and grants accepted by the Secretary of Labor on behalf of a Job Corps center as provided in accordance with section 158(f) of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3208(f)), support the change of trades offered at a Job Corps center, including at a Job Corps transition hub at an existing center or at a new site in close proximity to a shipyard or other defense industrial base suppliers, to align with the needs of the defense industrial base, including through investments in curricula development, equipment, and facilities.
(4) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection:
(A) Enrollee; job corps; job corps center.--The terms "enrollee", "Job Corps", and "Job Corps center" have the meanings given such terms in section 142 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3192).
(B) Job corps center operator.--The term "Job Corps center operator" has the meaning given the term "operator" in such section of such Act.
(C) Job corps transition hub.--The term "Job Corps transition hub" means an advanced career training program under section 148 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3198) that facilitates the onboarding and retention of enrollees into successful careers in in-demand industry sectors or occupations and registered apprenticeship programs.
(D) Registered apprenticeship program.--The term "registered apprenticeship program" means an apprenticeship program that is registered under the Act of August 16, 1937 (commonly known as the "National Apprenticeship Act"; 50 Stat. 664, chapter 663; 29 U.S.C. 50 et seq.).
(b) Extension of Shipbuilding Special Incentive to the Job Corps.--Section 8696 of title 10, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)(2), by adding at the end the following:
"(G) The Job Corps program established under section 143 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3193) or an individual Job Corps center operator as defined in section 142 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3192)."; and
(2) in subsection (c)(2), by adding at the end the following:
"(H) Support for the statutory purposes of the Job Corps program established under section 143 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3193).".
(c) Job Corps Conforming Reforms.--
(1) Success in military recruitment as a graduate of job corps.--Section 142(5) of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3192(5)) is amended by inserting "enlisted in the military with a score on the Armed Forces Qualification Test that is above the thirty-first percentile," before "or completed".
(2) Grants to job corps centers.--Section 158(f) of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3208(f)) is amended--
(A) by striking the heading and inserting "External Funding";
(B) by striking "The Secretary may accept on behalf of the Job Corps or individual Job Corps centers charitable donations of cash" and inserting the following:
"(1) In general.--The Secretary (or the Secretary of Agriculture, as appropriate), on behalf of the Job Corps, or a Job Corps center operator, on behalf of such center, may accept grants and charitable donations of cash";
(C) by inserting "grants and" before "donations are";
(D) by striking "available for appropriate use" and inserting "used exclusively"; and
(E) by adding at the end the following:
"(2) Transfer of property.--Notwithstanding sections 501(b) and 522 of title 40, United States Code, any property acquired by a Job Corps center shall be directly transferred, on a nonreimbursable basis, to the Secretary.
"(3) Prohibition of offset using external funding.--An operator that accepts a grant or charitable donation under paragraph (1) may not use the grant or charitable donation to fulfill the cost of any obligation imposed on the operator under an agreement under section 147.
"(4) Prohibition on restrictions for job corps placement.--A grant or charitable donation under paragraph (1) may not include terms that restrict the placement or employment options of an enrollee or graduate.
"(5) Public reporting.-- The Secretary shall publicly disclose on annual basis a list of grants and charitable donations received under paragraph (1), which shall include the amount and source of each grant or charitable donation and the Job Corps center that was designated as the beneficiary of each grant or charitable donation.".
(3) Local authority to realign trades.--Section 151 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3201) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(d) Local Authority.--Subject to the limitations of the budget approved by the Secretary for a Job Corps center, the operator of a Job Corps center shall have the authority, without prior approval from the Secretary, to--
"(1) hire staff and provide staff professional development;
"(2) set terms and enter into agreements with Federal, State, or local educational partners, such as secondary schools, institutions of higher education, child development centers, units of Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps programs established under section 2031 of title 10, United States Code, or employers; and
"(3) engage with and educate stakeholders (including eligible applicants for the Job Corps) about Job Corps operations, selection procedures, and activities.".
(4) Streamlined enrollment of veterans and military recruits into the defense industrial base.--
(A) In general.--Subsection (b) of section 144 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3194) is amended--
(i) in the heading, by inserting "and Certain Other Armed Forces Members" after "Veterans"; and
(ii) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting "or a member of the Armed Forces eligible for pre-separation counseling of the Transition Assistance Program under section 1142 of title 10, United States Code," after "a veteran".
(B) Background check exemption.--Section 145(b) of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3195(b)) is amended--
(i) in paragraph (1)(C), by inserting "except with respect to an individual described in paragraph (4)," before "the individual"; and
(ii) by adding at the end the following:
"(4) Individuals exempted from background check.--An individual described in this paragraph is--
"(A) an individual who is--
"(i)(I) a member of the Armed Forces eligible for pre-separation counseling of the Transition Assistance Program under section 1142 of title 10, United States Code; or
"(II) a veteran who left the Armed Forces not more than 90 days before the date on which the veteran applies to enroll in the Job Corps; and
"(ii) not ineligible for retired pay as provided by section 12740 of title 10, United States Code; or
"(B) a military recruit who--
"(i) is ineligible to enlist in the military as a result of the requirements of section 520 of title 10, United States Code; and
"(ii) not more than 90 days before the date on which the recruit applies to enroll in the Job Corps, passed a background check as part of the enlistment process.".
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SA 6655. Mr. KELLY (for himself and Mrs. Blackburn) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (4,670 characters)
At the appropriate place, insert the following:
SEC. __. PURCHASES OF SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the "Chip Equipment Quality, Usefulness, and Integrity Protection Act of 2026" or the "Chip EQUIP Act".
(b) Definitions.--Section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(14) The term `completed, fully assembled', with respect to semiconductor manufacturing equipment, means the state in which all (or substantially all) necessary parts, chambers, subsystems, and subcomponents have been put together, resulting in such equipment that is--
"(A) ready-to-use or ready-to-install; and
"(B) ready to be purchased directly from an entity.
"(15) The term `ineligible semiconductor manufacturing equipment'--
"(A) means completed, fully assembled equipment that is manufactured, assembled, or refurbished by a foreign entity of concern, or a subsidiary or affiliate thereof, and designed for use in the fabrication, assembly, testing, advanced packaging, production, or research and development of semiconductors;
"(B) includes--
"(i) deposition equipment;
"(ii) etching equipment;
"(iii) lithography equipment;
"(iv) inspection, measuring, and test equipment;
"(v) wafer slicing equipment;
"(vi) wafer dicing equipment;
"(vii) wire bonders;
"(viii) ion implantation equipment;
"(ix) chemical mechanical polishing;
"(x) diffusion or oxidation furnaces;
"(xi) thermal processing equipment; and
"(xii) automated material handling systems; and
"(C) does not include any part, chamber, subsystem, or subcomponent that enables or is incorporated into such equipment.".
(c) Ineligible Use of Funds.--Section 9909 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4659) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following new subsection:
"(f) Ineligible Use of Funds.--
"(1) In general.--Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary shall include in the
terms of each agreement with a covered entity for the award of Federal financial assistance under section 9902, or with the recipient of an award made under section 9906, prohibitions with respect to a project relating to the procurement, installation, or use of ineligible semiconductor manufacturing equipment, to be effective for 10 years beginning on the date on which the agreement is signed.
"(2) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the prohibitions referred to in paragraph (1) if--
"(A) the ineligible semiconductor manufacturing equipment to be purchased by the applicable covered entity is not produced in the United States or an allied or partner country in sufficient and reasonably available quantities or of a satisfactory quality to support established or expected production capabilities;
"(B) the ineligible semiconductor manufacturing equipment at issue was manufactured and assembled by an entity that is not a foreign entity of concern, or a subsidiary or affiliate thereof, and was refurbished by a foreign entity of concern, or a subsidiary or affiliate thereof; or
"(C)(i) the use of the ineligible semiconductor manufacturing equipment complies with the requirements set forth in the Export Administration Regulations (as such term is defined in section 1742 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801)); and
"(ii) the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence or the Secretary of Defense, determines such waiver is in the national security interest of the United States.
"(3) Prior agreements.--
"(A) In general.--The prohibitions referred to in paragraph (1) shall not apply to any ineligible semiconductor manufacturing equipment that--
"(i) has been installed by the applicable covered entity prior to the date of enactment of the Chip EQUIP Act; or
"(ii) is allowed to be procured, installed, or used by the applicable covered entity under the terms of an agreement that was entered into before the date of enactment of the Chip EQUIP Act between the Secretary and the covered entity.
"(B) Limitation.--Nothing in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall be construed to authorize the procurement, installation, or use of ineligible semiconductor manufacturing equipment that is not allowed under the terms of an agreement entered into prior to the date of enactment of the Chip EQUIP Act.
"(4) Foreign entities of concern.--Nothing in this subsection may be construed to waive the application of section 9907.".
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SA 6656. Mr. WARNOCK (for himself and Mr. Moran) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (4,423 characters)
At the end of subtitle C of title VI, add the following:
SEC. 624. PILOT PROGRAM TO PROVIDE COUPONS TO JUNIOR ENLISTED
MEMBERS TO PURCHASE FOOD AT COMMISSARIES.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of Defense may conduct a pilot program to assess the efficacy of providing junior enlisted members of the Armed Forces a monthly coupon for use in procuring food at commissaries.
(b) Selection of Installations.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary may conduct the pilot program authorized by subsection (a) at 2 military installations.
(2) Considerations.--In selecting installations for the pilot program authorized by subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider installations with--
(A) large numbers of enlisted members who live in unaccompanied housing;
(B) the largest ratios of enlisted members to commissioned officers;
(C) unaccompanied housing that provides access to functioning kitchens that residents may use to prepare meals;
(D) commissaries that are experimenting with or expanding their selection of nutritious and minimally processed ready-made and easy-to-make food options;
(E) low rates of attendance at dining facilities;
(F) low customer satisfaction ratings for dining facilities, including installations with complaints about dining facilities submitted through the Interactive Customer Evaluation system of the Department of Defense; and
(G) commissaries located within easily accessible distances from unaccompanied housing.
(c) Coupons.--
(1) Amount.--The Secretary may determine the amount of the coupons to be provided under the pilot program authorized by subsection (a).
(2) Use.--
(A) In general.--A coupon provided under the pilot program authorized by subsection (a) may be used only to purchase food at commissaries.
(B) Exclusions.--A coupon provided under the pilot program authorized by subsection (a) may not be used--
(i) to purchase alcoholic beverages or tobacco; or
(ii) to pay any deposit fee in excess of the amount of the State fee reimbursement (if any) required to purchase any food or food product contained in a returnable bottle or can, without regard to whether the fee is included in the shelf price posted for the food or food product.
(3) Supplement to other food assistance.--A coupon provided to a member under the pilot program authorized by subsection (a) shall be supplement and not supplant--
(A) the basic allowance for subsistence under section 402 of title 37, United States Code; and
(B) any program to provide meals or rations in kind for which the member is eligible.
(d) Duration of Pilot Program.--The pilot program authorized by subsection (a) shall terminate not later than one year after the pilot program commences.
(e) Report Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the termination under subsection (d) of the pilot program authorized by subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report detailing the results of the pilot program.
(2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall include an assessment of the following:
(A) The use of coupons by members who received coupons under the pilot program.
(B) The satisfaction of and feedback from such members relating to the coupons.
(C) The impact of providing the coupons on--
(i) the rates at which such members used commissaries; and
(ii) the rates at which such members used dining facilities on their installations.
(D) Historical rates of use of dining facilities on installations and historical customer satisfaction metrics for such facilities, including the number of complaints with respect to such facilities submitted through the Interactive Customer Evaluation system of the Department of Defense.
(E) The efficacy of the pilot program in--
(i) reducing food insecurity rates among junior enlisted members;
(ii) increasing the availability of nutritious food options for such members at commissaries; and
(iii) increasing the availability of nutritious food options for such members generally, including such members living in unaccompanied housing.
(f) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Coupon.--The term "coupon" means a voucher or monetary benefit for a member of the Armed Forces that may be used only at a commissary for the purchase of food.
(2) Food.--The term "food" means any food or food product intended for home consumption, including a ready-made food item.
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SA 6657. Mr. WARNOCK (for himself and Mrs. Blackburn) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (7,097 characters)
At the appropriate place in title XXVIII, insert the following:
SEC. 28___. INSTALLATION SUPPORT SERVICES AND
INTERGOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT AGREEMENTS.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Intergovernmental support agreement.--The term "intergovernmental support agreement" has the meaning given that term in section 2679(f) of title 10, United States Code.
(2) Military installation.--The term "military installation" has the meaning given that term in section 2801 of such title.
(b) Intergovernmental Support Agreement Data and Evaluation Framework.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall develop and implement a uniform framework for the collection and evaluation of data from intergovernmental support agreements.
(2) Elements.--The framework required under paragraph (1) shall include the following elements:
(A) The total number and value of all intergovernmental support agreements in effect.
(B) An identification of each intergovernmental support agreement in effect.
(C) For each intergovernmental support agreement identified in subparagraph (B), the following:
(i) The duration and terms of the agreement.
(ii) The parties to the agreement.
(iii) The characteristics of the military installation and mission for the agreement.
(iv) The characteristics of any other party to the agreement.
(v) The services covered under the agreement.
(D) The financial and nonfinancial benefits, including savings, and efficiencies gained.
(3) Policy to ensure consistent execution.--Not later than one year after the implementation of the framework required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall implement a policy to ensure consistent execution of such framework.
(c) Public Database and Toolkit.--
(1) Database.--
(A) In general.--Not later than one year after the implementation of the framework required by subsection (b), the Secretary of Defense shall establish a publicly accessible, searchable database documenting intergovernmental support agreement data.
(B) Contents.--The database required under subparagraph (A) shall include--
(i) data from the framework required by subsection (b); and
(ii) a summary of each intergovernmental support agreement.
(2) Toolkit.--Not later than one year after the implementation of the framework required by subsection (b), the Secretary shall develop policy to ensure consistent execution of such framework and maintain a toolkit to provide standardized resources for military installations and surrounding communities to support the development, negotiation, and execution of intergovernmental support agreements.
(d) Analysis and Report.--
(1) Analysis of intergovernmental support agreement data.--
(A) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every four years thereafter, the Secretary of Defense shall conduct an analysis of the intergovernmental support agreement data using the framework developed under subsection (b).
(B) Contents.--The analysis required by subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
(i) An assessment of usage trends disaggregated by installation size, mission type, geographic location, and characteristics of the parties to the intergovernmental support agreements.
(ii) An identification of services most commonly covered by intergovernmental support agreements, and the typical duration and terms of such agreements.
(iii) An evaluation of barriers to adoption and execution, including legal, fiscal, and administrative obstacles.
(iv) A determination of whether certain categories of military installations are underutilizing intergovernmental support agreements.
(v) An examination of financial and nonfinancial performance outcomes, including cost savings, efficiencies gained, and mission impacts.
(2) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the completion of an analysis under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report that includes--
(A) the findings of the analysis conducted under paragraph (1);
(B) data on intergovernmental support agreements, disaggregated by installation size, mission type, location, and characteristics of the parties to the agreement; and
(C) recommendations for improving adoption, collaboration, and execution of intergovernmental support agreements, including recommendations for legislative changes.
(e) Modification of Authority of Department of Defense for Installation Support Services and Intergovernmental Support Agreements.--Section 2679 of title 10, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking "; and" and inserting a semicolon;
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period and inserting "; and"; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
"(C) may include, as an additional partner in the agreement, any other Federal agency.";
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) by striking "Funds available" through "for that year" and inserting "The Secretary concerned may use funds from any Department of Defense source to pay for installation-support services"; and
(B) by striking "such an agreement" and inserting "an agreement under this section"; and
(3) in subsection (f)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting "including the repair, construction, maintenance, and operation of a facility on or near an installation," after "and support";
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting "public agency, public joint powers agency, government corporation," after "public authority,"; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
"(5) The term `Department of Defense source' includes any appropriations made available by Congress to the Department of Defense and excludes permanent appropriations, revolving funds, previously unavailable balances, or third-party financing arrangements.
"(6) The term `Secretary concerned' means--
"(A) the Secretary of the Army, with respect to matters concerning the Army, National Guard Bureau, and units of the Army National Guard without regard to whether such units are operating under the authority of this title or title 32, provided such intergovernmental support agreements serve a military purpose of the Department of Defense;
"(B) the Secretary of the Navy, with respect to matters concerning the Navy and Marine Corps;
"(C) the Secretary of the Air Force, with respect to matters concerning the Air Force, and the Space Force, and units of the Air National Guard without regard to whether such units are operating under the authority of this title or title 32, provided such intergovernmental support agreements serve a military purpose of the Department of Defense;
"(D) the Secretary of Defense, with respect to matters concerning the Defense Agencies not otherwise covered by the Army, Navy, Marine Corp, Air Force, or Space Force; and
"(E) the head of any other Federal agency without regard to whether such agency is operating under the authority of this title, provided such intergovernmental support agreements will serve the best interests of the Department of Defense.".
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SA 6658. Mr. SCHATZ submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (3,470 characters)
At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1271. REPORT ON IMPACTS OF SANCTIONS ON MILITARY
CAPABILITIES OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
(a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination where necessary with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report analyzing the impacts of sanctions imposed by the United States on the armed forces and proxy forces of the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran, with special consideration for how such sanctions impacted the readiness of the Islamic Republic of Iran in responding to attacks launched by the United States and Israel during Operation Epic Fury.
(b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include an assessment of the following:
(1) How sanctions imposed by the United States have impacted the overall readiness of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation, including how those forces have had to reorganize to address readiness gaps as a result of such sanctions.
(2) The overall health of the domestic defense industrial base in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation as a result of sanctions imposed by the United States between 2018 and January 2026.
(3) Whether the defense industrial bases of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation kept up with the demands of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation, respectively.
(4) Military technology areas in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation that have been stunted or halted as a result of such sanctions.
(5) The impacts of sanctions imposed by the United States on the ability of proxy forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation to conduct extraterritorial operations and alternative sources of support that such forces have had to cultivate as a result of such sanctions.
(6) Whether sanctions imposed by the United States have had a meaningful effect in deterring the aggression of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation.
(7) How effective sanctions imposed by the United States were in stunting the ability of the Islamic Republic of Iran to respond militarily to Operation Epic Fury.
(8) Whether the Islamic Republic of Iran was unable to effectively coordinate or marshal resources during Operation Epic Fury as a result of sanctions imposed by the United States.
(9) The effectiveness of sanctions imposed by the United States on the ability of the Islamic Republic of Iran to reconstitute its ballistic missile program after strikes by Israel in June 2025.
(10) Whether sanctions imposed by the United States, in combination with strikes from Operation Epic Fury, will make a meaningful difference to the ability of the Islamic Republic of Iran to reconstitute its ballistic missile program.
(c) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
(d) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.--In this section, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
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SA 6659. Mr. SCHATZ submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (2,776 characters)
At the end of subtitle D of title III, add the following:
SEC. 343. REPORT ON EXPOSURE OF INSTALLATIONS OF THE UNITED
STATES AT RISK IN THE PERSIAN GULF.
(a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State as necessary, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report analyzing the risk exposure of installations of the United States in the Persian Gulf to attacks from both state and non-state actors, including specific analysis on vulnerabilities to attack from the Islamic Republic of Iran.
(b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include the following:
(1) A comprehensive battle damage assessment of how installations of the United States were impacted by Iranian drone and ballistic missile attacks during United States-Iran engagements in 2026, including--
(A) a cost estimate of damages;
(B) a description of enduring damages that have impacted readiness of United States force posture in the region to date; and
(C) an assessment of remaining vulnerabilities to similar attacks that caused damages at those installations.
(2) An assessment of--
(A) hardening of sites that were struck that needs to take place;
(B) measures that were taken to sufficiently prepare those sites for the strikes they endured; and
(C) impacts to future operation of those sites if certain hardening requirements are not met.
(3) An assessment of what capabilities are available to sufficiently address waves of drones attacks on facilities of the United States and a cost estimate of implementing countermeasures across such facilities in the Persian Gulf, including any costs expected to be covered by host nations and what the share of the cost should be.
(4) An assessment conducted jointly between the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State that assess any impacts to bilateral relations between the United State and nations hosting installations of the United States as a result of the targeting of those installations by the Islamic Republic of Iran, including an assessment of what host nations are considering as benefits to their long-term security relationship with the United States and concerns regarding any liabilities from hosting those installations.
(c) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but shall include a classified annex.
(d) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.--In this section, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means--
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
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SA 6660. Mr. SCHATZ submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle D of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1252. REPORT ON BENEFITS OF FACT-BASED JOURNALISM IN
INDO-PACIFIC REGION.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report outlining the benefits, to United States foreign policy, defense, and security objectives in the Indo-Pacific region, of editorially independent, fact-based journalism in the Indo-Pacific region, including throughout the Pacific Islands.
(b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include an assessment of the following:
(1) The benefits to United States foreign policy, defense, and security interests of an information environment in the Indo-Pacific region, including the Pacific Islands, that includes fact-based reporting on the malign activities of competitors and adversaries in the region.
(2) The risks to United States operations and activities of insufficient editorially independent news media in the Indo-Pacific region.
(c) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
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SA 6661. Mr. SCHATZ submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of title XII, add the following:
SEC. 1270A. ANNUAL REPORT ON THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA'S
INTERNATIONAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT STRATEGY.
(a) Defined Term.--In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(b) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 2 years, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes developments in the People's Republic of China's international media engagement strategy, including journalist training and support programs.
(c) Elements.--The report required under subsection (b) shall include--
(1) an overview of the People's Republic of China's assistance to foreign media organizations, media-related organizations, foreign journalist training programs, study tours, and exchanges undertaken during the most recent 12-month period, including the PRC-controlled entities involved in such engagements and the regions of focus for such assistance;
(2) an assessment of any shifts in the People's Republic of China's international media engagement strategy during the most recent 12-month period and the impacts of China's engagements on foreign press coverage; and
(3) a description of any media engagement activities or assistance by the United States, its allies, or multilateral organizations in the regions of focus for the People's Republic of China's international media engagement strategy.
(d) Form of Report.--Each report required under this section shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
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SA 6662. Mr. SCHATZ submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle E of title III, add the following:
SEC. 358. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HERITAGE AND CULTURAL
RESOURCES COMPLIANCE.
Section 2694(b)(2)(C) of title 10, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by striking "Native American human" and inserting "Native American, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian human"; and
(2) by striking "Native American tribes." and inserting "entity in accordance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriations Act (25 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.).".
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SA 6663. Mr. LANKFORD (for Mr. Fetterman (for himself and Mr. Lankford)) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by Mr. Lankford to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end of subtitle C of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1025. INCLUSION OF ADDITIONAL CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES
RECEIVING AN ANNUAL REPORT IDENTIFYING ALIENS
FOR WHOM THE TERRORIST ACTIVITIES GROUND OF
INADMISSIBILITY HAS BEEN WAIVED.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the "Inadmissibility Waiver Notification Technical Correction Act".
(b) In General.--Section 212(d)(3)(B)(ii) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(3)(B)(ii)) is amended by inserting "the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate," after "the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate,".
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SA 6664. Mr. YOUNG (for himself, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Daines, Mr. Durbin, Mrs. Blackburn, and Mr. Schumer) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in title XVI, insert the following:
Subtitle ___--National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026
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SECTION ___1. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the "National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026".
SEC. ___2. DEFINITIONS.
Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), the first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the "Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications"), and the second paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the "Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science") as paragraphs (7), (9), (12), (13), (18), and (19), respectively;
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
"(4) Federal laboratory.--The term `Federal laboratory' has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).
"(5) Foreign country of concern.--The term `foreign country of concern' means a country that is a covered nation (as such term is defined in section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code).
"(6) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity of concern' means a foreign entity that is--
"(A) designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the Secretary of State under section 219(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));
"(B) included on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury (commonly known as the `SDN list');
"(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign country that is a covered nation (as such term is defined in section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code);
"(D) alleged by the Attorney General to have been involved in activities for which a conviction was obtained under--
"(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the `Espionage Act');
"(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, United States Code;
"(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the `Economic Espionage Act of 1996');
"(iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.);
"(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, and 2284);
"(vi) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or
"(vii) the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or
"(E) determined by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Defense, and the Director of National Intelligence, to be engaged in unauthorized conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the United States.";
(3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking "(a)" each place it appears;
(4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so redesignated, the following new paragraph:
"(8) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory' has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).";
(5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redesignated, the following:
"(10) Quantum applications.--The term `quantum applications' means uses of quantum information science, engineering, and technology, including quantum algorithms and software, quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids, quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum encryption, quantum simulation, or quantum communications applications.
"(11) Quantum computing.--The term `quantum computing' means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies, including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems that utilize a variety of architectures, such as superconductors, ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, atomic spin, electron spin, or topological qubits.";
(6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesignated, to read as follows:
"(12) Quantum information science, engineering, and technology.--The term `quantum information science, engineering, and technology' means the understanding, translation, use, or application of the laws of quantum physics for the storage, transmission, manipulation, computing, simulation, or measurement of information."; and
(7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so redesignated, the following:
"(14) Quantum networking.--The term `quantum networking' means the transmission of quantum information and the distribution and use of entanglement across nodes to enable new information technology applications and fundamental science.
"(15) Quantum sensing.--The term `quantum sensing'--
"(A) means the use of quantum mechanics to enhance or enable new sensors; and
"(B) can include uses of superposition and entanglement, nonclassical states, and advances in accuracy and precision enabled by quantum control.
"(16) STEM.--The term `STEM' means the academic and professional disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, including computer science.
"(17) Supply chain shock.--The term `supply chain shock'--
"(A) means an event causing severe or serious disruption to normal operations or capacity in a supply chain; and
"(B) includes--
"(i) a natural disaster;
"(ii) a pandemic;
"(iii) a biological threat;
"(iv) a cyber attack;
"(v) a geopolitical conflict;
"(vi) a terrorist or geopolitical attack;
"(vii) a trade disruption caused by--
"(I) a foreign country of concern; or
"(II) an entity or an individual subject to the jurisdiction of such a country; and
"(viii) an event for which the President declares a major disaster or an emergency under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C. 5191).".
SEC. ___3. PURPOSES.
Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8802) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
"(A) to expand the number of researchers, educators, and students with training in quantum information science, engineering, and technology to develop a domestic workforce pipeline and retain international talent to the extent consistent with national security and international competitiveness;";
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking "science at the" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology at the";
(C) in subparagraph (D)--
(i) by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology"; and
(ii) by striking "and" after the semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
"(F) to facilitate development of quantum applications, including quantum-hybrid applications, to promote innovation; and
"(G) to support advancements in emerging technologies that could benefit from or benefit the development of quantum technology and promote research, development, demonstration, and application of such emerging technologies in quantum information science, engineering, and technology and scientific discovery.";
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(3) in paragraph (3), by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(4) in paragraph (4)--
(A) by inserting "National Laboratories," after "Federal laboratories,"; and
(B) by striking "and" after the semicolon;
(5) in paragraph (5)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting "partnerships, research collaborations, and" after "international"; and
(ii) by striking "science and technology security" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking "and" after the semicolon;
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
"(C) to facilitate cooperation in the advancement of quantum capabilities among the United States and its strategic allies and partners to strengthen and secure the quantum-relevant supply chain and related ecosystem; and
"(D) to coordinate on potential export or strategic trade controls where appropriate; and"; and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
"(6) improving the maturity and scale of the quantum industry.".
SEC. ___4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.
Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking "development" and inserting "research, development, and near-, medium-, and long-term demonstration"; and
(B) by striking "information science and technology";
(2) in paragraph (2)--
(A) by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology"; and
(B) by inserting "infrastructure," after "demonstration,";
(3) in paragraph (3)--
(A) by inserting "and retain" after "to develop"; and
(B) by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
"(4) provide for interagency planning and coordination of Federal quantum information science, engineering, and technology research, development, demonstration, standards engagement, and other activities under the Program, including activities authorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115-232; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum educational activities and programs authorized pursuant to section 10661 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261), and activities conducted at any Federal laboratory or National Laboratory;"; and
(5) in paragraph (5)--
(A) by striking "industry and universities" and inserting "industry, universities, and strategic allies and partners"; and
(B) by inserting ", including human resources" after "resources".
SEC. ___5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE.
Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8812) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting "who shall be" before "appointed"; and
(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:
"(B) staff comprising employees detailed from the Federal departments and agencies specified in section 103(b)."; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology research, development, workforce, and international";
(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
"(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures or consortia established under this Act, including under section 201(a), the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and Education established under section 302(a), the National Quantum Information Science Research Centers established under section 402(a), and the Quantum Economic Development Consortium;";
(C) in paragraph (6), by striking "; and" and inserting a semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting "nonprofit research organizations," after "universities,"; and
(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(E) by adding after paragraph (7) the following:
"(8) promote understanding and adoption of viable quantum capabilities that strengthen the United States economy, as may be appropriate;
"(9) track, monitor, and promote policies that will ensure the stability of the United States quantum workforce, quantum supply chain, domestic quantum industry, and international trade; and
"(10) ensure coordination and avoid unnecessary duplication of existing quantum-related activities, other activities carried out under this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate.".
SEC. ___6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.
Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.
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8813) is amended--
(1) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "the quantum information science and technology research," and inserting "quantum information science, engineering, and technology research, quantum application development, and demonstration,";
(B) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by inserting ", engineering, and technology" after "science"; and
(ii) by inserting "skillset" before "diversity";
(C) in paragraph (5)--
(i) by inserting ", engineering, and technology" after "science"; and
(ii) by inserting "and conduct comparative benchmarking of Federal investments and research strategies relative to those of strategic allies and partners of the United States and other countries" after "development efforts";
(D) in paragraph (6)--
(i) by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology"; and
(ii) by striking "and" after the semicolon;
(E) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting ", engineering, and technology" after "science"; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and
(F) by adding at the end the following:
"(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to advance quantum applications related to advanced manufacturing, biotechnology, critical minerals, chemistry, space, and other sectors; and
"(9) evaluate the competitiveness and capabilities of the United States in quantum technologies with respect to quantum computing, sensing, networking, and applications.";
(2) in subsection (g)(2)--
(A) in paragraph (A), by inserting "numbers" after "budget";
(B) in paragraph (B), by inserting "numbers" after "budget"; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
"(D) Metrics for measuring the impact of the Program for the current fiscal year, for each Federal department and agency described in subsection (b).
"(E) Value proposition as a result of each interagency partnership opportunity.";
(3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ", including a description of agency roles and responsibilities" before the period; and
(4) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
"(i) Quantum Use Cases.--
"(1) In general.--The Subcommittee shall identify potential use cases for quantum technologies that could advance the missions of Federal departments and agencies participating in the Program.
"(2) Quantum on-ramp.--For each potential use case identified pursuant to paragraph (1) for a Federal department or agency, the head of the Federal department or agency may, in consultation with the Subcommittee, develop a plan to enable such department or agency to address the potential use case.
"(3) Comparison to artificial intelligence technologies.--For any potential use case identified under paragraph (1) for a Federal department or agency, the head of the department or agency may, in consultation with the Subcommittee, consider the quantum use case's interplay with artificial intelligence and compare its anticipated costs, functionality, and benefits.
"(4) Reporting.--The Subcommittee, as part of the annual report on the budget for the Program under subsection (g), shall report progress in carrying out the activities under this subsection, including information relating to the following:
"(A) The potential use cases identified pursuant to paragraph (1).
"(B) The status of plans developed pursuant to paragraph (2).
"(C) Any obstacles to addressing such potential use cases, including lack of funding.".
SEC. ___7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8814) is amended--
(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
"(b) Qualifications.--The Advisory Committee shall consist of members, appointed by the President, who--
"(1) are representative of--
"(A) industry; and
"(B) universities and Federal laboratories that are qualified to provide advice and information on quantum information science, engineering, and technology research, development, demonstrations, standards, STEM education and workforce, technology transfer, economics, and national security, or research security; and
"(2) may hold doctoral degrees in physical sciences, mathematics, computer science, engineering, or related fields.";
(2) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(B) in subparagraph (D)--
(i) by striking "to" and inserting "promote innovation, foster a robust United States quantum industry, and"; and
(ii) by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(C) in subparagraph (E), by inserting ", including to address any gaps that may exist in basic research, capabilities, workforce, supply chain, or coordination among participating Federal agencies" before the semicolon;
(D) in subparagraph (F), by striking "open standards for, quantum information science and technology; and" and inserting "international standards in open and transparent standardization systems for quantum information science, engineering, and technology;";
(E) in subparagraph (G)--
(i) by striking "societal,"; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and
(F) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
"(H) the domestic and international cooperation needs and goals of the Program, including those related to infrastructure and the supply chain of quantum information science, engineering, and technology; and
"(I) the degree to which quantum information science, engineering, and technology--
"(i) is enhancing or can enhance--
"(I) the capabilities of the United States advanced industrial economy; and
"(II) Federal, State, and local government capabilities and services; and
"(ii) can protect or optimize critical infrastructure (as such term is defined in section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))).";
(3) in subsection (e)--
(A) by inserting "through December 31, 2030" after "thereafter"; and
(B) by adding at the end the following new sentence: "In the first such report required after the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, the Advisory Committee shall assess the benefits and opportunities to strengthen quantum communications corridors in which Federal laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other entities conducting quantum information science, engineering, and technology research are connected via quantum communication networks capable of securely transmitting information.";
(4) by redesignating subsections (e) through (g) as subsections (f) through (h), respectively; and
(5) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
"(e) Performance and Usefulness Assessment of National Quantum Initiative Program.--
"(1) Annual evaluation required.--Not less frequently than once each year, the Advisory Committee shall, in coordination with the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, conduct an evaluation of the effectiveness, progress, and usefulness of activities carried out under the Program.
"(2) Elements.--Each evaluation under paragraph (1) shall assess--
"(A) which Federal programs or activities within the Program have made measurable progress toward program goals;
"(B) which Federal programs within the Program have produced tangible scientific, workforce, or commercial outcomes;
"(C) which programs or activities within the Program have overlapping missions or duplicative structures;
"(D) resource utilization and return on investment of each major component of the Program; and
"(E) barriers to performance or implementation of the Program, including structural, regulatory, or administrative challenges.
"(3) Report to congress.--Not later than March 1 of each year, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report summarizing the findings of the Advisory Committee with respect to the evaluation most recently conducted under paragraph (1), including specific recommendations for--
"(A) improvements to the Program;
"(B) consolidation or termination of programs or activities within the Program; and
"(C) realignment of funding to high-impact areas within the Program.
"(4) Public summary.--The Advisory Committee shall make a public-facing summary of each report submitted under paragraph (3) available on the website of the Advisory Committee to promote transparency and accountability.".
SEC. ___8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY
IMPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.
Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8814a) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (10), by striking "and" after the semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as paragraph (12); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the following:
"(11) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and"; and
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "information science" and inserting "information science, engineering, and technology";
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting "or to supply chains" before the semicolon;
(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting "or supply chains" before the semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (5)--
(i) by inserting ", engineering, and technology" after "quantum information science"; and
(ii) by inserting "any" before "export controls";
(E) in paragraph (6), by striking "information science" and inserting "information science, engineering, and technology";
(F) in paragraph (7), by striking "and" after the semicolon;
(G) in paragraph (8)--
(i) by striking "information science" and inserting "information science, engineering, and technology"; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and
(H) by adding at the end the following:
"(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, identify opportunities to increase coordination between civilian, military, and intelligence quantum research entities, reduce unnecessary duplicative quantum research activities, and facilitate collaboration between quantum research agencies with specialized capabilities or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum information science, engineering, and technology; and
"(10) recommend strategies for attracting and retaining students and scholars with expertise in quantum-related fields to Federal departments and agencies.".
SEC. ___9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.
The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 105 the following new section:
"SEC. 105A.
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INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.
"(a) Strategy Required.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this section, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall, in coordination with the Secretary of State and in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, develop and submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a strategy--
"(1) to establish collaborative international partnerships to advance research and development, testing and evaluation, and interoperability in quantum information science, engineering, and technology with allies and partners of the United States, and other countries, when in the security, strategic, technological, and scientific interests of the United States;
"(2) to ensure continued participation by the United States in bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance quantum information science, engineering, and technology on the international stage, including programs to advance research and development, testing and evaluation, and interoperability in quantum information science, engineering, and technology with allies and partners of the United States;
"(3) to promote the integrity and impartiality of international standards organizations and processes related to quantum information science, engineering, and technology; and
"(4) to ensure responsible and ethical research and development, testing and evaluation, and interoperability in quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(b) Designation.--The strategy developed under subsection (a) shall be known as the `International Quantum Cooperation Strategy' (in this section referred to as the `Strategy').
"(c) Elements.--In the development of the Strategy, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Quantum Coordination Office, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Information Science, the Secretary of State, and the relevant agencies shall consider including the following:
"(1) The establishment of international partnerships to advance research and development in quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(2) Plans for diplomatic engagement with key strategic allies and partners of the United States that have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or more areas of quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(3) Efforts and plans to address risks to the national security and economic interests of the United States during development and deployment of quantum technologies worldwide.
"(4) Efforts and plans to promote global development and deployment of quantum technologies, including through international engagement and leadership in the development of international standards that are aligned with United States national interests.
"(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and retain international talent.
"(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and suppliers and those of allies and partners of the United States to meet the needs of the global quantum supply chain, including raw materials such as helium-3, plans for engagement with allies and partners, manufacturers, and suppliers, and options to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global quantum supply chain.
"(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology supported through international cooperation, as appropriate, in whole or in part, including in quantum technologies critical to national security, from malign influence, theft, or exfiltration by foreign entities of concern.
"(8) As necessary, a description of such legislative or administrative action as is needed to carry out the Strategy.
"(d) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which the Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief the committees specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.".
SEC. ___10. PRIZE CHALLENGES.
The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) is amended--
(1) by redesignating section 106 as section 107; and
(2) by inserting after section 105A, as added by section [___9], the following:
"SEC. 106. NATIONAL QUANTUM PRIZE CHALLENGES.
"(a) In General.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, any head of a Federal agency with a representative serving on the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science established under section 103 may, individually or in cooperation with one or more heads of Federal agencies--
"(1) conduct a prize competition under section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719), or such other prize competition authority as may be available to the head of an agency, to accelerate the development of applications and algorithms in quantum information science, engineering, and technology; and
"(2) define a measurable set of performance goals for participants in the prize competitions to demonstrate their solutions on a level playing field while making a significant advancement over the current state of the art.
"(b) Purpose.--Any prize competition carried out under subsection (a) shall be for the purpose of stimulating innovation to advance the ability of the United States to achieve high-priority breakthroughs for applications in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, such as in quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum communications, quantum networking, quantum algorithms, and quantum cryptography.
"(c) Coordination With Subcommittees.--Each prize competition conducted under subsection (a) may be conducted in coordination with members of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science and the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Information Science.
"(d) Recommendations.--To assist in the administration of this section, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science may provide recommendations on key challenges in quantum information science, engineering, and technology that would be well suited for a prize competition under subsection (a). The recommendations shall include a scope for efforts carried out under such subsection.".
SEC. ___11. SUNSET OF NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE.
Subsection (a) of section 107 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8815), as redesignated by section [___10], is amended to read as follows:
"(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105 shall terminate on December 30, 2034.".
SEC. ___12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
ACTIVITIES AND QUANTUM CONSORTIUM.
Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by inserting "attract, educate, and" before "train"; and
(ii) by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(C) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
"(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the development and standardization, as appropriate, of quantum cryptography, post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C.
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1526 note; Public Law 117-260)), and practices to replace cryptographic keys or algorithms with minimal disruption to current applications and systems;";
(D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
"(4) shall carry out research, development, and demonstration projects, as appropriate, to facilitate the development of quantum applications, including research on quantum supply chain-enabling technologies, such as lasers, cryogenics, and other supporting technologies;";
(E) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and (7) as paragraphs (7), (8), and (9), respectively;
(F) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
"(5) shall, in coordination with the Secretary of State, promote United States participation in international standards organizations related to quantum information science, engineering, and technology;
"(6) shall establish or expand partnerships with the public sector and private sector--
"(A) to accelerate the development of domestic quantum supply chain and supply chain-supporting technologies;
"(B) to reduce quantum supply chain vulnerabilities; and
"(C) to avoid offshoring to, or dependence on, foreign countries of concern for critical components of capabilities in the quantum supply chain;";
(G) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking "infrastructure" and inserting ", communications, sensing, and computing"; and
(H) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated--
(i) by inserting "nonprofit research organizations," after "universities,"; and
(ii) by striking "and engineering" and inserting ", engineering, and technology and expanding the domestic STEM workforce";
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking "future measurement" and inserting "research, measurement"; and
(ii) by striking "science and technology" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
"(A) to gather and assess information on the quantum industry to address the needs identified in paragraph (1);"; and
(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and inserting the following new subparagraphs:
"(B) to provide recommendations regarding how the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Program, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, can address the gaps in the research necessary to meet the needs identified in paragraph (1); and
"(C) to assess and identify key areas for establishing, expanding, or developing international partnerships that will meet the needs identified in paragraph (1).";
(C) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by striking "Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the" and inserting "The"; and
(ii) by inserting "periodically, but not less frequently than once every five years," after "shall"; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
"(4) Sense of congress on coordination.--It is the sense of Congress that, as may be appropriate, Federal agencies that are involved in the transition or translation of research results to practical quantum applications or that have a mission that could benefit from the development of quantum technologies, should engage with the consortium to inform and accelerate progress in such areas."; and
(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following new subsections:
"(c) Quantum Supply Chains.--
"(1) Mapping and planning.--The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis shall carry out the following activities:
"(A) Assess, map, and model supply chains for quantum networking, quantum computing, quantum communications, quantum simulation, and quantum sensing technologies and applications.
"(B) Identify current and future high-priority gaps and vulnerabilities in quantum supply chains, such as--
"(i) single points of failure, sole source, consolidated manufacturing, or where there are limited United States and partner national suppliers; and
"(ii) critical components, elements, materials, equipment, and infrastructure.
"(C) Identify potential supply chain shocks to the quantum supply chain that may disrupt, strain, or eliminate the supply chain.
"(2) Study on critical quantum supply chains.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Energy shall jointly--
"(A) complete a study documenting the critical quantum supply chains and identified high-priority gaps and vulnerabilities; and
"(B) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings with respect to the study completed pursuant to subparagraph (A).
"(3) Recommendations for avoiding shocks to quantum supply chains.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, the Secretary of Commerce shall, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, and the heads of such other Federal agencies as the Secretary of Commerce considers relevant, develop and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress specific recommendations for actions to mitigate harm to quantum supply chains from a supply chain shock.
"(4) Plan to strengthen and secure quantum supply chains.--Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a plan identifying opportunities to strengthen supply chains and build capacity.
"(d) International Quantum Research and Metrology.--
"(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the Director of the National Science Foundation, promote, establish, and support international quantum information science, engineering, and technology research, metrology research, and standardization, as appropriate, to enhance international cooperation, meet United States commitments, and support United States engagement in international voluntary standards for quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this section, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall ensure alignment with the National Quantum Information Science Strategy and the U.S. Government National Standards Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology, or successor strategies.
"(3) Prohibitions.--
"(A) Confucius institutes.--None of the funds made available under this subsection may be obligated or expended to an institution of higher education that maintains a contract or agreement between such institution and a Confucius Institute (as defined in section 10339A of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19039)) or any successor of a Confucius Institute.
"(B) Foreign countries or entities of concern.--None of the funds made available under this subsection may be obligated or expended to promote, establish, or finance quantum research activities between a United States entity and a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern, including the entity's subsidiaries, except such restriction shall not apply to participation by award recipients in consensus-based international standardization activities.
"(e) Post-quantum Cryptography Deployment.--
"(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
"(A) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term `appropriate congressional committees' means--
"(i) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and
"(ii) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
"(B) Classical computer; quantum computer.--The terms `classical computer' and `quantum computer' have the meanings given such terms in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (Public Law 117-260; 6 U.S.C. 1526 note).
"(C) Critical infrastructure sectors.--The term `critical infrastructure sectors' means the critical infrastructure sectors defined in the National Security Memorandum on `Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience' (NSM-22), dated April 30, 2024.
"(D) Post-quantum cryptography.--The term `post-quantum cryptography'--
"(i) means those cryptographic algorithms or methods that are assessed not to be specifically vulnerable to attack by either a quantum computer or classical computer; and
"(ii) includes--
"(I) the lattice-based digital signature algorithm specified in National Institute of Standards and Technology Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 204 (dated August 13, 2024; relating to Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard), or any successor standard;
"(II) the module-lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanism specified in National Institute of Standards and Technology Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 203 (dated August 13, 2024; relating to Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism Standard), or any successor standard; and
"(III) any cryptographic algorithm or method implemented in accordance with National Institute of Standards and Technology Federal Information Processing Standard Publication 140-3 (dated March 22, 2019; relating to Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules), or any successor standard, operating within a zero trust architecture as described in National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-207 (dated August 2020; relating to Zero Trust Architecture), or any successor standard.
"(E) Sector risk management agency.--The term `sector risk management agency' has the meaning given such term in section 2200 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C.
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650).
"(2) Guidance on upgrading to post-quantum cryptography.--
"(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the head of any other agency the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology considers appropriate, shall establish guidance for upgrading information systems to post-quantum cryptography, including guidance that is specifically tailored for critical infrastructure sectors.
"(B) Dissemination of guidance.--
"(i) In general.--The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall make available to entities in the private sector the guidance established under subparagraph (A).
"(ii) Special publications.--The Director may satisfy the requirement under clause (i) through the publication of Special Publications.
"(3) Strategy for federal agency upgrade to post-quantum cryptography.--
"(A) National quantum cybersecurity upgrade strategy.--The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and in consultation with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium and the head of any other agency the Secretary of Commerce considers appropriate, shall develop a National Quantum Cybersecurity Upgrade Strategy that includes the following:
"(i) A definition of a cryptographically relevant quantum computer.
"(ii) Recommended standards to apply to determine whether a quantum computer meets such definition, including--
"(I) the characteristics of such computers; and
"(II) the particular point at which such computers are capable of attacking real-world systems that classical computers are unable to attack.
"(iii) Guidelines for assessing the urgency of upgrading to post-quantum cryptography for each Federal agency relative to--
"(I) the critical functions of each agency; and
"(II) the risk each agency faces should a cryptographically relevant quantum computer attack a system operated by the agency.
"(iv) Recommended performance measures for upgrading to post-quantum cryptography for the following tasks:
"(I) Preparation for upgrading to post-quantum cryptography, including--
"(aa) the adoption of hardware integrating quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms; and
"(bb) the deployment of software-only post-quantum cryptography overlays that meet or exceed security standards set forth in the Federal Information Processing Standards issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
"(II) Establishment of a baseline understanding of the data inventory, including through the use of automated tools to identify assets.
"(III) Planning and execution of post-quantum cryptographic solutions, including ensuring that data at rest and in motion is subject to appropriate protections.
"(IV) Monitoring and evaluating the success of the upgrade and assessing the security of the system.
"(v) A plan for implementing the above performance measures, including evaluating and monitoring entities that are at high risk of quantum attacks, including sector risk management agencies.
"(B) Report to congress.--Not later than 360 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes the National Quantum Cybersecurity Upgrade Strategy developed under subparagraph (A).
"(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed to authorize the development or implementation of any rulemaking or regulatory action for non-Federal entities.
"(f) Funding.--
"(1) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to carry out this section $85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
"(2) Derivation of funds.--Amounts made available pursuant to paragraph (1) for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027 shall be derived from amounts authorized to be appropriated for the National Institute of Standards and Technology pursuant to section 10211 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117-167) for scientific and technical research and services laboratory activities.".
SEC. ___13. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
QUANTUM CENTERS.
Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by adding at the end the following new sections:
"SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
QUANTUM CENTERS.
"(a) Establishment.--
"(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall, in consultation with such heads of other Federal departments and agencies as the Director considers appropriate, carry out a program to establish and operate at least 1, but not more than 3, centers to accelerate research, development, deployment, and standardization of quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(2) Program details.--
"(A) Competitive, merit-based review process.--The centers established and operated under paragraph (1) shall be established through a competitive, merit-based review process described in paragraph (5).
"(B) Applications.--An eligible applicant described in subparagraph (C) seeking to establish and operate a center described in paragraph (1) shall submit to the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology an application therefor at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director determines to be necessary to evaluate the application using the criteria described in paragraph (5).
"(C) Eligible applicants.--Eligible applicants described in this subparagraph are the following:
"(i) Institutions of higher education.
"(ii) Nonprofit organizations.
"(iii) Multi-institution collaborations, including multiple types of research institutions, private sector entities, Federal laboratories, and nonprofit organizations, or consortia thereof.
"(3) Selection of applications and prioritized topics.--The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall solicit proposals and prioritize the following topics in the initial selection of applications submitted under paragraph (2)(B), subject to merit-based review (including review of the criteria described in paragraph (5)):
"(A) Advancing quantum sensing and measurement technologies.
"(B) Advancing the manufacturing and scale-up of quantum systems and quantum-enabling technologies.
"(C) Addressing technology barriers to quantum networking and communications.
"(4) Grants.--
"(A) In general.--The Director shall carry out the program required by paragraph (1) through the award of grants to eligible applicants seeking to establish and operate centers under the program.
"(B) Duration of grant awards.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, the duration of a grant awarded under subparagraph (A) shall be a period of 5 years.
"(C) Renewal.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, each grant awarded under subparagraph (A) may be renewed for successive periods of 5 years following a successful merit-based review by the Director.
"(D) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the Institute, the Director may terminate a grant awarded under subparagraph (A) for an underperforming center for cause during the performance period of the grant.
"(5) Competitive, merit-based review process.--The Director shall award grants under this subsection using a formal, merit-based review process for evaluating applications received by the Director under paragraph (2)(B) that shall--
"(A) ensure that grants are awarded to the most technically sound and strategically aligned quantum technology proposals;
"(B) prioritize proposals that demonstrate strong potential to enhance leadership by the United States in quantum applications, quantum metrology, and the development of quantum standards;
"(C) support initiatives that align with the strategic goals of the National Institute of Standards and Technology while avoiding unnecessary duplication of efforts led by other Federal agencies;
"(D) facilitate a competitive, transparent, and objective selection process, utilizing qualified subject-matter experts; and
"(E) include appropriate consideration of project feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and risk mitigation.
"(b) Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, centers established and operated under this section shall serve the mission of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, for the benefit of the broader United States quantum information science community, for the following purposes:
"(1) Advancing research and standardization in quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(2) Advancing technology development.
"(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United States.
"(c) Coordination.--The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall ensure coordination and avoid unnecessary duplication of the activities carried out under this section with existing activities of the Institute, other activities carried out under this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate.
"(d) Commercial Technology.--Each center established under this section may leverage commercially available hardware and software to carry out the activities described in subsection (a), unless such hardware or software is manufactured in, or by, a foreign country of concern.
"(e) Funding.--The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall allocate up to $18,000,000 for each center established under this section for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030, subject to the availability of appropriations. Such amounts shall be derived from amounts appropriated pursuant to section 10211 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117-167).
"(f) Briefing Requirements.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall provide the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a briefing on current and planned activities under this section.
"SEC. 203. RESEARCH SECURITY.
"The activities authorized under this title shall be carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.) and section 6432 of the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (Public Law 118-159; 42 U.S.C. 7144b note).
"SEC. 204.
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COLLABORATION FOR QUANTUM APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
ACCELERATION.
"(a) Definition of Near-term Use Case.--In this section, the term `near-term use case' means--
"(1) in the case of an application that includes the development of quantum computing hardware, an application that can be developed and deployed in less than 3 years; or
"(2) in the case of an application that includes quantum technologies in general, including quantum communication, sensing, algorithm development for hybrid applications, supply chain innovation, or demonstrations of computational advantage, where new quantum computer hardware would not need to be developed, an application that can be developed and deployed in less than 18 months.
"(b) Establishment of Collaborative Venture for Quantum Application Development Acceleration.--Consistent with the activities authorized under this title, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall establish or expand an existing collaborative venture or consortia with other public or private sector entities--
"(1) for innovation and development of applications using quantum information sciences with a focus on near-term use cases; and
"(2) that can be used to develop and test demonstrations, proofs of concept, and pilot applications.
"(c) Coordination and Engagement.--In carrying out subsection (b), the Director shall --
"(1) coordinate activities with the members of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science and the Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science; and
"(2) engage with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium, the National Laboratories (as defined in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)), federally funded research and development centers, and other members of the United States quantum computing and quantum information ecosystem, including industry.
"(d) Success Metrics.--In administering this section, the Director shall, in consultation with the entities described in subsection (c), define clear success metrics for the quantum sandbox established under subsection (b).
"(e) Coordination.-- The Director shall ensure coordination and avoid unnecessary duplication of the activities carried out under this section with existing activities of the Institute, other activities carried out under this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate.".
SEC. ___14. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTE
FOR QUANTUM MANUFACTURING.
(a) Definition of Manufacturing USA Institute.--In this section, the term "Manufacturing USA institute" has the meaning given such term in section 34(d) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d)).
(b) Study Required.--The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the members of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science and the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science, conduct a study on the feasibility of establishing or supporting a Manufacturing USA institute focused on quantum manufacturing, including manufacturing capabilities and activities related to quantum computing (inclusive of all modalities and qubit architectures), quantum sensing, and quantum networking.
(c) Considerations.--In conducting the study under subsection (b), the Director shall, to the maximum extent practicable--
(1) determine the manufacturing capabilities necessary to produce reliable quantum components and systems at scale and identify gaps in access to such capabilities and limited domestic sources;
(2) evaluate the extent to which such capabilities and gaps are already addressed, or could reasonably be addressed, by private industry, existing Manufacturing USA institutes, or other Federal programs;
(3) evaluate existing Federal and non-Federal efforts relating to quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum networking to determine whether any proposed Manufacturing USA institute would duplicate or overlap with ongoing activities;
(4) evaluate whether and to what extent barriers to technology development and transition, including those associated with moving from early-stage research to scaled production, are persistent and not already being addressed through private sector investment or existing Federal programs;
(5) evaluate the feasibility of supporting domestic activities that include the capability to design, fabricate, and test materials, devices, structures, and manufacturing processes for quantum technologies or systems;
(6) evaluate the full lifecycle costs of establishing, operating, and sustaining a Manufacturing USA institute for quantum manufacturing, including long-term Federal funding requirements, administrative costs, and risks of cost escalation;
(7) evaluate alternative approaches, including leveraging existing Manufacturing USA institutes, targeted competitive grants, public-private partnerships, or other mechanisms that may more efficiently address identified barriers to technology development and transition; and
(8) evaluate the estimated economic impact associated with the establishment of a Manufacturing USA institute described in subsection (b), including impacts on regional economies, suppliers, and job growth.
(d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to Congress a report describing the findings of the Director with respect to the study conducted under subsection (b).
SEC. ___15. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM INFORMATION
SCIENCE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES.
Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841) is amended--
(1) in the section heading, by inserting ", engineering, and technology" after "science";
(2) in subsection (a), by striking "science and engineering" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(3) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking "science and engineering" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology"; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B)--
(I) by striking "human resources" and inserting "education and workforce"; and
(II) by striking "science and engineering" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology"; and
(B) in paragraph (2)--(i) in subparagraph (A)--
(I) in clause (i)--
(aa) by striking "science and engineering" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology"; and
(bb) by striking "and" after the semicolon;
(II) in clause (ii), by inserting "and" after the semicolon; and
(III) by adding at the end the following:
"(iii) to pursue research at the frontiers of quantum information science, engineering, and technology, and explore solutions to important challenges for the development and application of quantum technologies;";
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking "science and engineering" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology"; and
(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking "science and engineering" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(4) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
"(c) Student Traineeships, Fellowships, and Other Models.--
"(1) Quantum traineeships.--The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies as the Director considers appropriate, may use existing programs to make awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof)--
"(A) to provide traineeships to graduate students at institutions of higher education within the United States who are citizens of
the United States and who choose or plan to pursue master or doctoral degrees in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, or related fields; and
"(B) to provide such graduate students with opportunities for research experiences in government or industry related to such students' quantum studies.
"(2) Quantum fellowships and scholarships.--
"(A) In general.--The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies as the Director considers appropriate, may use existing programs to support fellowships and scholarships for students at institutions of higher education for the purpose of--
"(i) increasing quantum information science, engineering, and technology exposure for undergraduate and graduate STEM students; and
"(ii) increasing postgraduation employment opportunities for STEM students who demonstrate potential to pursue careers in quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(B) Requirements.--An eligible participant in the fellowship and scholarship program under this paragraph shall--
"(i) be enrolled in or have graduated from a STEM degree program at an institution of higher education within the United States; and
"(ii) have demonstrated interest in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, such as by taking not less than 1 quantum science or quantum-relevant course as part of the participant's degree program or by participating in a summer school program that focuses on quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(C) Considerations.--Eligible fellowships and scholarship programs under this paragraph may include temporary quantum-related positions at Federal or State agencies, National Laboratories, private sector entities, institutions of higher education, the quantum centers established under section 202, the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and Education established under section 302, the National Quantum Information Science Research Centers established under section 402, and the initiatives established under section 503, or other quantum-relevant entities, as determined appropriate by the Director.
"(D) Competitive awards.--Fellowships and scholarships awarded under this paragraph shall be competitively awarded through a merit-based review process. The Director of the National Science Foundation may prioritize fellowships that include an industry partner that provides financial assistance to awardees for direct or indirect costs.
"(3) Quantum research experiences for undergraduates.--The Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate students by encouraging proposals in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, through the research experiences for undergraduates provided under section 514 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C.
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1862p-6).
"(4) Cooperative education programs.--The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, may establish, or use existing, programs to support cooperative education programs between institutions of higher education and employers that increase opportunities for undergraduate students to acquire experiential learning and professional experiences in quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(5) Partnerships.--In carrying out the activities under this subsection, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall encourage recipients of awards under this subsection to partner with relevant Federal agencies, Federal laboratories, industry and other private sector organizations, and nonprofit organizations to facilitate the expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on learning experiences.";
(5) in subsection (d)--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking "QISE" and inserting "QISET";
(B) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking "information science and engineering (referred to in this subsection as `QISE')" and inserting "information science, engineering, and technology (referred to in this subsection as `QISET')";
(ii) by striking "at all education levels, including community colleges" and inserting "at appropriate education levels, including community colleges and career and technical education entities";
(C) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking "QISE" and inserting "quantum information science, engineering, and technology";
(ii) by striking subparagraph (C);
(iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively;
(iv) in subparagraph (C), as so redesignated--
(I) by inserting ", engineering, and technology" after "science"; and
(II) by inserting ", including those principles relevant to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, microelectronics, and nanotechnology" after "fields"; and
(v) by inserting after subparagraph (D), as so redesignated, the following:
"(E) Methods to introduce security dimensions associated with quantum information science, engineering, and technology into STEM curricula.";
(D) in paragraph (3), by striking "QISE" and inserting "quantum information science, engineering, and technology"; and
(E) by striking paragraph (4); and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
"(e) International Research on Quantum Information Science, Engineering, and Technology.--
"(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall support international quantum information science, engineering, and technology research, as appropriate, to enhance international cooperation and meet United States commitments, including as part of the terms and conditions of bilateral or multilateral quantum information science, engineering, and technology research agreements.
"(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this subsection, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure alignment with the national strategy for quantum information science in accordance with Executive Order 14073 (87 Fed. Reg. 27909; relating to enhancing the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee) or successor strategies.
"(3) Priority.--The Director shall prioritize research programs with countries that have signed a quantum cooperation statement with the United States.
"(4) Restrictions.--
"(A) Confucius institutes.--None of the funds made available under this subsection may be obligated or expended to an institution of higher education that maintains a contract or agreement between such institution and a Confucius Institute, as defined in section 10339A of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19039) or any successor of a Confucius Institute.
"(B) Foreign country of concern and foreign entity of concern.--None of the funds made available under this subsection may be obligated or expended to promote, establish, or finance quantum research activities between a United States entity and a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern, including the entity's subsidiaries.
"(f) Upgrading and Improving Access to Quantum Research Resources.--
"(1) In general.--In carrying out the activities described in this section, the Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall award grants to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof) to upgrade research facilities and improve access to research resources, such as equipment and instrumentation, that is needed for research and development in quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(2) Purpose.--Grants under paragraph (1) shall be used to facilitate quantum information science, engineering, and technology research and development, including by carrying out the following:
"(A) Upgrading or adding research resources to--
"(i) accelerate the development of quantum technologies, including capabilities focused on addressing the roadblocks to implementation; and
"(ii) meet the materials, advanced materials development, high-performance computing, heterogeneous computing, networking, software, data, clean room, and device needs of the scientific community and the quantum supply chain.
"(B) Enhancing access to equipment and instrumentation, including at partnering institutions, by facilitating information sharing, coordination, education, and training, including activities that provide meaningful hands-on learning experiences for students, including at community and technical colleges.
"(C) Enabling professional staff to support the operation, scheduling, and improvement of research resources used for quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(D) Expanding access for industry to quantum research infrastructure by prioritizing the placement of equipment and instrumentation in user-access facilities that support rapid iteration, including regional technology hubs, industry parks, co-locations operated by institutions of higher education and industry, and private sector testbeds.
"(3) Requirements.--An institution of higher education or an eligible nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof) seeking funding under this subsection shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require.".
SEC. ___16. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RESEARCH
AND EDUCATION.
Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8842) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking "5" and inserting "8";
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "science and engineering" and inserting "science, engineering, and technology";
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking "and engineering" and inserting ", engineering, and technology, including leveraging or expanding activities established pursuant to section 301(d)";
(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ", such as commercially available hardware and software" after "resources"; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
"(4) supporting research and development in enabling fields essential to the advancement of quantum information science, engineering, and technology, including materials science, fabrication science, and physics;
"(5) encouraging the establishment of multidisciplinary quantum research and education centers that leverage existing domestic infrastructure, including data centers and communications networks, to support the demonstration and field application of quantum technologies; and
"(6) promoting partnerships with industry to accelerate technology transfer and support domestic quantum innovation.";
(3) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking "quantum science," and inserting "quantum information science, engineering, and technology,";
(B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting "biotechnology," after "chemistry,";
(C) in subparagraph (D), by striking "and" after the semicolon;
(D) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and
(E) by adding at the end the following:
"(F) how the Center will participate in international collaborations, as appropriate, to build a trusted global research network with allies and partners of the United States and other countries that share values with the United States;
"(G) how the Center will protect research from foreign countries of concern and foreign entities of concern, and the subsidiaries of such foreign entities, to ensure the competitiveness of the United States; and
"(H) how the Center will regularly assess and report on progress toward achieving self-sustainability, including metrics, milestones, and a timeline for meeting the long-term goal described in subparagraph (E).";
(4) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
"(2) Reapplication.--An awardee may reapply for an additional subsequent period of 5 years following a successful merit-based review.";
(5) in subsection (f), by striking "2019 through 2023" and inserting "2026 through 2030"; and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
"(g) Consultation With Regional Technology and Innovation Hubs.--
"(1) In general.--In carrying out the activities of the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and Education under this section, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall consult with the Secretary of Commerce regarding opportunities for such centers to engage in research and development activities with regional technology and innovation hubs designated under section 28 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3722a) that have a primary focus on quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(2) Consultation.--Consultation under paragraph (1) may include discussion of--
"(A) opportunities to align Federal research priorities with the research, development, technology translation, and workforce development activities of the designated regional technology and innovation hubs; and
"(B) opportunities for researcher exchange programs and sharing of facilities between the centers and the hubs.
"(3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall be construed--
"(A) to transfer the ownership or administrative control of any research facility; or
"(B) to alter the existing authorities or mission-related responsibilities of the Federal agencies, companies, or institutions that own or operate such facilities.
"(h) Briefing Requirements.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress on current and planned activities under this section. Each briefing shall include--
"(1) an assessment of how each Center is progressing toward the goal of self-sustainability described in subsection (d)(2)(E); and
"(2) a summary of the most recent reports submitted by the Centers regarding such progress in accordance with subsection (d)(2)(H).".
SEC. ___17. QUANTUM TESTBEDS; RESEARCH SECURITY.
Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"SEC. 303.
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QUANTUM TESTBEDS.
"(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, the Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of other Federal agencies, as determined appropriate by the Director of the National Science Foundation, shall make awards on a competitive, merit-based review basis to institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, federally funded research and development centers, or consortia thereof, to establish testbeds focused on quantum applications.
"(b) Purposes.--The quantum testbeds established under subsection (a) shall focus on advancing early-stage quantum research toward validated and deployable quantum applications, as determined by the Director of the National Science Foundation, through proof-of-concept testing, demonstrations, pilot projects, benchmarking, and prototyping, by--
"(1) supporting translational quantum research and development activities for quantum application use cases, including, for testbeds featuring quantum software and quantum algorithms driving toward utility, leveraging approaches such as algorithm innovation and tools such as resource estimators;
"(2) providing accessible research resources for developing, testing, and benchmarking the application of quantum technologies to likely use cases, including enabling quantum cloud access;
"(3) investing in quantum computing technologies that show promise for viability, including directing funding to advance each layer of the stack and related systems engineering and integration;
"(4) demonstrating feasibility and establishing cost and benefit to facilitate transition to real-world applications or agency adoption; and
"(5) supporting the co-location of quantum instrumentation, fabrication, and enabling technologies within testbeds and affiliated user-access facilities to enable rapid prototyping, iteration, and scale-up for industry.
"(c) Applications.--An applicant for an award under this section shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director determines to be necessary to evaluate the application using the criteria described in subsection (d). The application shall, at a minimum, describe the following:
"(1) How the applicant will assemble a workforce with the skills needed to operate a quantum testbed.
"(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access to a quantum testbed, including for start-ups and research institutions.
"(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after Federal funding has ended.
"(4) How the applicant will contribute to the quantum testbed, such as through funding or other resources required to develop quantum applications.
"(5) How the applicant will protect any research or advancements made as a result of using the quantum testbed.
"(6) How the applicant will facilitate transition of testbed outcomes to subsequent development stages, including real-world applications or agency use.
"(d) Competitive, Merit-based Review Process.--The Director of the National Science Foundation shall select applications submitted under subsection (c) for awards using a formal merit-based review process that shall--
"(1) ensure that applications selected are the most technically sound and strategically aligned;
"(2) prioritize applications that demonstrate strong potential to enhance United States leadership in quantum applications;
"(3) support initiatives that align with the strategic goals of the National Science Foundation while avoiding unnecessary duplication of efforts led by other Federal agencies;
"(4) facilitate a competitive, transparent, and objective selection process, utilizing qualified subject-matter experts; and
"(5) include appropriate consideration of application feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and risk mitigation.
"(e) Prioritization.--In awarding grants under this section, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall prioritize the following:
"(1) Applicants that ensure that not less than 25 percent of the cost for a quantum testbed established under this section is provided by private or non-Federal entities, including through in-kind contributions.
"(2) Awards for consortia that include quantum industry participation.
"(3) Applicants that demonstrate a plan for transitioning quantum testbed outcomes, including through partnerships with industry or Federal agency end-users.
"(f) Roles and Responsibilities.--The Director of the National Science Foundation shall be responsible for the following:
"(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each quantum testbed established under this section.
"(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to enable opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be transitioned to such agencies in alignment with the missions of such agencies.
"(3) Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026 and every 2 years thereafter until December 31, 2030, briefing the appropriate committees of Congress on the status of such quantum testbeds and providing recommendations for improving such quantum testbeds.
"(g) Coordination.--In supporting quantum testbeds established under this section, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure coordination with other testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting Federal quantum technology and infrastructure supported by the National Science Foundation, including those testbeds and facilities authorized pursuant to section 10390 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19110), or by other Federal agencies as
determined appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and maximize use of Federal resources.
"(h) Stakeholder Collaboration.--In carrying out this section, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall collaborate with the Quantum Consortium established pursuant to section 201(b) to accomplish the purposes of the quantum testbeds program described in subsection (b) and ensure there is strong collaboration with industry stakeholders. The Director may also engage with National Laboratories, federally funded research and development centers, industry, and other members of the United States quantum ecosystem.
"SEC. 304. RESEARCH SECURITY.
"(a) Research Security.--The activities authorized under this title shall be carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).
"(b) Review of Visitors and Assignees From Countries of Risk.--The Director of the National Science Foundation shall establish policies and procedures to assess and screen visitors and assignees to National Science Foundation-supported facilities that are similar, to the extent practicable, to the policies and procedures regarding visitors and assignees to the National Laboratories that were established in accordance with section 6432 of the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (42 U.S.C. 7144b note).".
SEC. ___18. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CRYPTOGRAPHY
RESEARCH.
Section 4(a)(1)(A) of the Cyber Security Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403) is amended by inserting ", including post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260))" before the semicolon.
SEC. ___19. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
QUANTUM ACTIVITIES.
(a) In General.--The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new title:
"TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM ACTIVITIES
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"SEC. 501. DEFINITION OF ADMINISTRATOR.
"In this title, the term `Administrator' means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
"SEC. 502. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND
TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH FOR SPACE AND AERONAUTICS.
"(a) In General.--The Administrator is authorized to carry out research on quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(b) Cooperation.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator--
"(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements with the Department of Energy and other Federal Government agencies, as practicable, on areas of shared benefit; and
"(2) may enter into memoranda of understanding or memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative arrangements.
"(c) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a strategy for National Aeronautics and Space Administration research on quantum information science, engineering, and technology. The strategy shall identify resources required to support implementation of the strategy, including budgets, workforce, and infrastructure, describe cooperative efforts with other Federal Government agencies, and address areas of research and applications, including the following:
"(1) Quantum sensing.
"(2) Quantum networking.
"(3) Quantum communications, including quantum satellite communications.
"(4) Quantum computing.
"(5) Science, aeronautics, and exploration-related applications.
"(6) Any other area of quantum information, science, engineering, and technology that furthers the mission of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and is consistent with the purposes of this Act, as the Administrator considers appropriate.
"(d) Consultation.--In developing the strategy described in subsection (c), the Administrator may seek input from relevant external stakeholders, including institutions of higher education, industry, and nonprofit research organizations.
"SEC. 503. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
QUANTUM INITIATIVES.
"(a) In General.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Administrator, in consultation with the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, may establish one or more initiatives focused on space and aeronautics applications of quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
"(b) Initiative Details.--
"(1) Merit-based review process.--
"(A) In general.--The Administrator shall develop and implement a formal, merit-based review process for evaluating proposals, applications, and initiatives submitted to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration with respect to the research, development, or deployment of quantum technologies with potential relevance to the civil space and aeronautics missions of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
"(B) Criteria.--The process established under subparagraph (A) shall be designed--
"(i) to ensure taxpayer dollars are directed to the most technically sound and strategically aligned quantum technology proposals;
"(ii) to prioritize applications that demonstrate strong potential to enhance United States leadership in space-based quantum applications, including sensing, navigation, communications, simulation, and computing;
"(iii) to support initiatives that align with the strategic goals of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts led by other Federal agencies;
"(iv) to facilitate a competitive, transparent, and objective selection process using qualified subject-matter experts; and
"(v) to include appropriate consideration of project feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and risk mitigation.
"(2) Application requirements.--An applicant under this section shall submit to the Administrator an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such technical, programmatic, and budgetary information as the Administrator determines necessary to evaluate the application through the review process developed under paragraph (1).
"(3) Eligible applicants.--In carrying out the process under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider applications from institutions of higher education, research centers, multi-institutional collaborations, and any other entity the Administrator considers appropriate.
"(4) Collaborations.--A collaboration that receives an award under this section may include multiple types of research institutions, including institutions of higher education, private sector entities, and nonprofit organizations.
"(5) Coordination and accountability.--The Administrator shall ensure that an awardee under this section--
"(A) coordinates with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, including by identifying personnel designated to serve as program liaisons for technical and programmatic oversight; and
"(B) avoids unnecessary duplication of existing activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, other activities carried out under the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026 or the amendments made by that Act, and other related programs.
"(6) Commercial technology.--An initiative established under this section may leverage commercially available hardware and software to carry out the activities described in subsection (c).
"(c) Initiative Activities.--An initiative established under this section may carry out activities that--
"(1) support research focused on developing and demonstrating space, aeronautics, and exploration applications for quantum information science, engineering, and technology, including research relating to the strategy developed under section 502(c); and
"(2) support quantum information science, engineering, and technology education and public outreach.
"(d) Initiative Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, an initiative established under this section shall serve the needs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the benefit of the broader United States quantum information science community, for the purpose of advancing space and aeronautics applications in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, and improving the competitiveness of the United States.
"(e) Initiative Selection and Duration.--
"(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, an initiative established under this section may carry out activities for a period of 5 years.
"(2) Reapplication.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, an awardee may reapply for an additional subsequent period of 5 years following a successful merit-based review.
"(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Administrator may terminate the initiative for cause during the performance period.
"SEC. 504. RESEARCH SECURITY.
"The activities authorized under this title shall be carried out in a manner consistent with--
"(1) subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.); and
"(2) section 6432 of the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (42 U.S.C. 7144b note; Public Law 118-159).
"SEC. 505. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
"The Administrator shall allocate up to $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to carry out this title, subject to the availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to carry out this title shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.".
SEC. ___20. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REVIEW AND REPORT.
(a) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the
Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a review of existing processes and reporting requirements associated with research and development programs established within the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Energy pursuant to the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) to identify potential opportunities--
(1) to reduce duplicative and unnecessary paperwork and reporting requirements without compromising security, transparency, and accountability; and
(2) to expedite access to facilities and equipment of the Federal Government for researchers affiliated with such programs.
(b) Research and Development Programs Covered.--The review required under subsection (a) shall cover all research and development programs established pursuant to sections 201, 302, 402, 403, and 404 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831, 8842, 8852, 8853, and 8854).
(c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after completing the review under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the findings of the review, which shall include recommendations relating to paragraphs (1) and (2) of such subsection.
SEC. ___21. REVIEW OF REGULATORY BARRIERS TO QUANTUM
INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term "appropriate committees of Congress" has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801).
(2) Quantum information science, engineering, and technology.--The term "quantum information science, engineering, and technology" has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.
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8801), as amended by section [___2] of this Act.
(b) Review and Assessment Required.--Not later than 540 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall, in coordination with the National Quantum Coordination Office, conduct a review to identify and assess any existing or potential regulatory barriers that inhibit research, development, deployment, or scaling of quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
(c) Elements.--The review and assessment conducted pursuant to subsection (b) shall include the following:
(1) An inventory of existing Federal regulations, policies, and guidance documents that are applicable to quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
(2) An analysis of whether regulations, policies, and guidance inventoried pursuant to paragraph (1) impose undue burdens on academic, private sector, or government-led quantum information science, engineering, and technology research or development.
(3) Recommendations to modernize, streamline, or eliminate duplicative or outdated regulatory barriers identified pursuant to subsection (b).
(4) Input from stakeholders across industry, academia, and the National Laboratories with respect to such regulatory barriers.
(5) Recommended actions to harmonize regulatory requirements relating to quantum information science, engineering, and technology across Federal agencies where inconsistencies exist.
(d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Director completes the review and assessment required by subsection (b), the Director shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the findings and recommendations described in subsection (c).
(e) Quinquennial Updates.--Not later than 5 years after the date on which the Director completes the review and assessment required by subsection (b), and every 5 years thereafter, the Director shall update the review and assessment required by subsection (b) and submit to the appropriate congressional committees an updated report detailing the findings and recommendations of the Director.
SEC. ___22. SUNSET OF NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.
(a) Sunset of National Nanotechnology Program.--The National Nanotechnology Program (in this section referred to as the "Program") and the authorities and requirements of the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.) are terminated on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(b) Wind-down.--The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall take such actions as may be necessary to terminate and wind down the Program before the date specified in subsection (a).
(c) Plan and Briefing.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall provide to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a briefing in which the Director shall present a plan on how the Director will carry out subsection (b).
(2) Elements.--The plan presented under paragraph (1) shall--
(A) ensure minimal disruption to ongoing federally funded research and development activities;
(B) ensure transfer or reassignment of nanotechnology research infrastructure programs and facilities to minimize disruption of researcher access to critical tools that support other national priorities;
(C) provide for the orderly disposition or transfer of active grants, contracts, and personnel associated with the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office established under section 3(a) of the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7502(a));
(D) identify any relevant responsibilities that should be reassigned to existing programs at the Office of Science and Technology Policy; and
(E) minimize duplication and ensure fiscal efficiency in the conclusion of the Program.
SEC. ___23. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.
The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended as follows:
(1) By inserting after the item relating to section 105 the following new items:
"Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy. "Sec. 106. National quantum prize challenges.". (2) By inserting after the item relating to section 201 the following new items:
"Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantum Centers. "Sec. 203. Research security. "Sec. 204. Collaboration For Quantum Application Development Acceleration.". (3) By striking the item relating to section 301 and inserting the following new item:
"Sec. 301. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology research and education program.". (4) By inserting after the item relating to section 302 the following new items:
"Sec. 303. Quantum testbeds. "Sec. 304. Research security.". (5) By adding at the end the following new items:
"TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM ACTIVITIES "Sec. 501. Definition of Administrator. "Sec. 502. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology research for space and aeronautics. "Sec. 503. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum initiatives. "Sec. 504. Research security. "Sec. 505. Authorization of appropriations.". ______
SA 6665. Mr. YOUNG (for himself and Mr. Kelly) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:
SEC. __. ASSESSMENT ON MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE READINESS.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Maritime Administrator shall submit to Congress a report on the status and resources and authorities needed to execute and complete necessary vessels, harborcraft, port, shipyard, and other infrastructure improvements to ensure the national security interests of the United States and support the domestic and foreign commerce of the United States.
(b) Contents.--The report under subsection (a) shall include--
(1) consideration of existing literature and reporting from Federal and non-Federal sources;
(2) an assessment of the number of commercial shipping vessels by class required to sustain the national economy;
(3) an assessment of opportunities to leverage private sector funding to enhance the capability of marine infrastructure of the United States;
(4) an assessment of an ability to construct and repair seaports and shipyards during national security emergencies, including readiness to construct temporary facilities, and carry out marine salvage and firefighting operations; and
(5) an evaluation of the possible effects on the commercial operations of United States ports and other critical infrastructure of prohibiting any entity that owns or operates a port or terminal in the United States from using or sharing data with--
(A) LOGINK;
(B) any logistics platform controlled by, affiliated with, or subject to the jurisdiction of the Chinese Communist Party or the Government of the People's Republic of China; or
(C) any logistics platform that shares data with a system described in subparagraph (A) or (B).
(c) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Critical infrastructure.--The term "critical infrastructure" has the meaning given the term in section 721(a) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(a)).
(2) LOGINK.--The term "LOGINK" means the public, open, shared logistics information network known as the National Public Information Platform for Transportation and Logistics by the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China.
(d) Form.--The report under subsection (a) shall be provided in an unclassified format, but may include a classified annex.
______
SA 6666. Mr. YOUNG (for himself, Mr. Padilla, Mr. Cotton, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Fetterman, and Mr. Budd) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
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At the end, add the following:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This division may be cited as the "American Biotechnology Competitiveness Act".
SEC. 101. DEFINITIONS.
In this division:
(1) Benchtop nucleic acid synthesizer.--The term "benchtop nucleic acid synthesizer" means a device or integrated system that--
(A)(i) is capable of performing de novo synthesis of nucleic acid sequences by an end user at the site of use; or
(ii) is capable of performing de novo synthesis of nucleic acid sequences without requiring the end user to submit an order to a separate covered entity to perform such synthesis; and
(B) is intended for distribution to, or use by, individual researchers, research institutions, institutional core facilities, or other end users, regardless of the physical dimensions of such device or system.
(2) Covered entity.--
(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term "covered entity" means a person who--
(i) synthesizes and sells synthetic nucleic acids to persons in the United States or in a foreign country; or
(ii) produces and distributes or sells, including resellers, equipment for synthesizing nucleic acids, including benchtop nucleic acid synthesizers, to persons in the United States or in a foreign country.
(B) Exception.--The term "covered entity" does not include a person to the extent the person sells or distributes synthetic nucleic acids within a commercial entity for the purpose of such entity's research and development activities.
(3) Director.--The term "Director" means the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
(4) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Commerce.
(5) Under secretary.--The term "Under Secretary" means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology.
SEC. 102. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the Sense of Congress that--
(1) the field of biotechnology is accelerating and the United States is at risk of losing its biotechnology leadership to foreign adversaries;
(2) this acceleration of the field brings the United States into a period of both great opportunity and risk;
(3) policymaking for biosecurity, biosafety, and responsible innovation needs to be flexible to keep pace with advances in the biotechnology and ensure an environment that allows biotechnology research and industry to flourish;
(4) the current landscape of biosecurity and biosafety authorities is spread among multiple agencies, contributing to slow policymaking, which, coupled with the rapid advancement of biotechnology, becomes outdated quickly;
(5) previous studies conducted by the Government Accountability Office, the National Security Commission for Emerging Biotechnology, and several presidential administrations have already identified gaps in the Federal Government's oversight of biosecurity and biosafety risks;
(6) the United States Government needs to streamline biosecurity and biosafety authorities to ensure efficiency and clarity;
(7) gene synthesis technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated and accessible, along with the ability to design novel nucleic acid sequences;
(8) both of these factors described in paragraph (7) may increase the risk of the development and deployment of new pathogens by bad actors; and
(9) gene synthesis screening of orders and customers is immediately needed to mitigate risk in the short-term, which will act as a stopgap while the United States Government develops a comprehensive biosecurity and biosafety strategy that is appropriate for the dynamic and rapidly advancing field of biotechnology.
SEC. 103. NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS SECURITY.
(a) Regulations Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall, in consultation with the heads of other agencies as the Secretary considers appropriate, establish and maintain by regulation the following:
(A) A requirement for covered entities to implement screening protocols to detect sequence inputs, synthesis instructions, and orders for sequences of concern included in the list established and maintained under subparagraph (C), including sequences generated through benchtop nucleic acid synthesizers. Such protocols shall--
(i) include the ability for privacy-preserving submission of information regarding sequence inputs, synthesis instructions, and orders for potential sequences of concern to a mechanism, which may be maintained by the Secretary or an independent organization designated by the Secretary, for facilitating effective split order detection across covered entities, utilizing the list established and maintained under subparagraph (C); and
(ii) prioritize the mitigation of misuse of sequences capable of creating pathogens with pandemic potential.
(B) A requirement for covered entities to implement screening protocols to verify the identity and legitimacy of customers.
(C) A list of sequences of concern, which shall be determined by the Secretary in consultation with the heads of Federal departments and agencies as the Secretary considers appropriate.
(D) A system for reviewing and updating on a regular basis the list of sequences of concern established and maintained under subparagraph (C) that--
(i) uses a docket to allow for privacy-preserving submissions from the public on recommendations for the list of sequences of concern;
(ii) includes an expedited procedure to rapidly add sequences of concern to the list on a provisional basis, which may include, as far as technically feasible, automatic procedures such as algorithmic literature scanning, industry self-reporting, or inter-agency submissions; and
(iii) incorporates strong data security and confidentiality standards.
(E) A conformity assessment system to verify that covered entities are adhering to the requirements established and maintained under subparagraphs (A) and (B), which will include--
(i) an auditing process to ensure sequence inputs, synthesis instructions, orders, and customers have been scrutinized appropriately, including procedures to conduct adversarial testing (sometimes referred to as "red-teaming") in accordance with the standards developed under subsection (c)(4), at random intervals to ensure compliance; and
(ii) a process to revoke conformity status of covered entities that fail to maintain compliance with the requirements established and maintained under subparagraphs (A) and (B), including the establishment of a grace period for covered entities who have failed auditing or adversarial testing under clause (i) to demonstrate compliance or mitigation steps.
(F) A process, administered by an official of the Department of Commerce designated by the Secretary--
(i) to receive findings from testing conducted in accordance with the standards developed under subsection (c)(4), reports of suspicious orders submitted by covered entities, and related tips and referrals from Federal, State, or local authorities;
(ii) to determine whether a reported order corresponds to a test order submitted in accordance with the standards developed under subsection (c)(4) and, if so, record the covered entity's identification of the order as evidence of compliance and close the report without referral to any law enforcement agency; and
(iii) to act on a valid finding that a covered entity has failed to maintain compliance with a requirement under this paragraph, including by affording the covered entity notice and a grace period as established in subparagraph (E)(ii).
(G) Safeguards to ensure regulations promulgated under this subsection avoid unnecessary burden on innovation and industry by--
(i) allowing covered entities to offer an expedited review process for institutional customers, including considering principal investigators at institutions of higher education, with demonstrated records of legitimacy;
(ii) providing exemptions from customer screening requirements for sequences or products as determined in clause (iii) that are clearly non-hazardous and pose no credible threat to public health or national security based on scientific literature and industry best practices for biosecurity screening; and
(iii) conducting regular consultations with relevant experts to determine exempted sequences and minimize regulatory burden while maintaining security effectiveness.
(2) Rules of construction.--Paragraph (1)(A) shall not be construed--
(A) to prohibit a covered entity, as defined in section 101(2)(A)(i), from synthesizing a sequence; or
(B) to prohibit a covered entity, as defined in section 101(2)(A)(ii), from producing equipment for synthesizing nucleic acids.
(b) Program of Technical Assistance.--
(1) Program required.--The Secretary shall establish a program to provide technical assistance upon request of a covered entity, including assistance with orders whose screening results are ambiguous, subject to determination by the Secretary, in consultation with the heads of such other Federal departments and agencies as the Secretary considers appropriate.
(2) Treatment of information received.--Information received as part of the technical assistance request under paragraph (1) may not be used in any enforcement against a covered entity.
(c) National Institute of Standards and Technology Requirements.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall develop best practices, technical standards, and other tools needed to support the administration of subsection (a), including the following:
(1) Testing and evaluation of customer and order screening protocols to improve accuracy, efficacy, and reliability, and to support the conformity assessment system under subsection (a)(1)(E).
(2) Evaluation of the sequences recommended for the list established and updated under subparagraphs (C) and (D) of subsection (a)(1), including by developing best practices and guidelines for determining if a novel sequence is a sequence of concern.
(3) Research and prototype sequence-to-function models to supplement the system established and maintained under subsection (a)(1)(D).
(4) Standards for the independent testing of the screening of sequence inputs, synthesis instructions, orders, and customers by covered entities (sometimes referred to as "red-teaming"), which shall include--
(A) a testing protocol, consisting of test sequences, simulated customer profiles, and order patterns, that is designed so that test orders are not readily distinguishable from legitimate orders, is reviewed and updated not less frequently than once each year, and is not disclosed to covered entities or to the public;
(B) criteria for a qualified testing entity, including that--
(i) such entity has no financial interest in a market competitor of the covered entity being tested, and the routine procurement of nucleic acid synthesis products, or the receipt of membership dues by a nonprofit or academic entity shall not constitute such an interest; and
(ii) such entity maintains controls adequate to safeguard testing protocols and entity-specific results; and
(C) criteria for a valid finding, requiring documented evidence that a test order was submitted to a covered entity by a qualified testing entity in accordance with the standards developed under this paragraph and that the covered entity acted inconsistently with a requirement under paragraph (1) or (2).
(5) For covered entities, as specified in section 101(2)(A)(ii), technical standards and cybersecurity specifications for securing benchtop nucleic acid synthesizers as feasible and appropriate.
(d) Updates.--As frequently as the Secretary considers appropriate to account for technological advances, but not less frequently than once every 2 years, the Secretary shall review and update the regulations promulgated under subsection (a).
(e) Protection of Customer Information.--Any information about a customer included in a submission under subparagraph (A)(i) or (D)(i) of subsection
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(a)(1) shall, be kept confidential and shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code.
(f) Relationship With Other Federal Guidelines and Recommendations.--The regulations established and maintained under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(1) shall supplant any Federal guidelines or recommendations relating to nucleic acid synthesis screening that--
(1) were in effect before the date of the enactment of this Act; and
(2) are voluntary.
(g) Civil Enforcement.--
(1) Civil action.--The Attorney General may bring a civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction against any person who violates a requirement promulgated under subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(1), including through providing false or misleading information or engaging in other deceptive practices, or does not demonstrate compliance within the grace period set forth by subsection (a)(1)(E)(ii).
(2) Powers of the court.--In an action brought under paragraph (1), the court may--
(A) enjoin a violation described in paragraph (1); and
(B) award damages under paragraph (3).
(3) Award of damages.--A person who violates a requirement as described in paragraph (1) is liable for statutory damages--
(A) in the case of an individual, in the sum of not more than $500,000, adjusted from time to time under paragraph (4); and
(B) in the case of a person who is not an individual, in the sum of not more than $750,000, adjusted from time to time under paragraph (4).
(4) Adjustments for inflation.--Effective on October 1 of each year (beginning in the first fiscal year after the date of the enactment of this Act), the dollar amounts in effect under paragraph (3) shall be increased by a percentage equal to the percentage by which the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (U.S. city average) increased during the 12-month period ending with the last month for which Consumer Price Index data is available. In the event that such Consumer Price Index does not increase during such period, the dollar amount in effect under such paragraph during the previous fiscal year shall be maintained.
(h) Safe Harbor for Qualified Testing.--
(1) In general.--A qualified testing entity, and any individual acting on behalf of such entity, that conducts testing in good faith and in accordance with the standards developed under subsection (c)(4) shall not, for any act reasonably necessary, including use of a simulated identity, submission of a test order or associated procurement, or shipping activity to carry out such testing--
(A) be liable for breach of contract or of a covered entity's terms of service; or
(B) be treated as having violated a provision of Federal or State law solely by reason of the use of a simulated identity or the provision of false or simulated information reasonably necessary to carry out such testing under subsection (c)(4).
(2) Exceptions.--The safe harbor in paragraph (1) shall not apply to an entity or individual that conducts testing--
(A) for the primary purpose of obtaining a competitive advantage;
(B) that intentionally disrupts the commercial or laboratory operations of a covered entity;
(C) that submits a finding the entity or individual knows to be false or materially incomplete;
(D) that publicly discloses a specific vulnerability of an identified covered entity before the end of a remediation period established by the Secretary; or
(E) for the primary purpose of inflicting harm upon the United States bioeconomy or national security, including actions taken at the direction of a foreign adversary.
(i) Reports to Congress.--Not less frequently than once each year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the administration of this section. Each such report shall include an overview of how many covered entities have been verified by the conformity assessment system established and maintained under subsection (a)(1)(E).
SEC. 104. ESTABLISHMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE TESTING
PROGRAM.
(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall, in collaboration with the heads of such Federal agencies as the Under Secretary considers relevant and with such persons in the private sector, academia, and civil society as the Under Secretary considers appropriate, establish a biotechnology governance testing program.
(b) Responsibilities.--Under the program established under subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall--
(1) provide secure testing of innovations or tools developed to advance the science of biosecurity, biosafety, and responsible biotechnology innovation;
(2) foster participation of nongovernmental experts in the development and testing of appropriate levels and methods of governance, to achieve the goals of--
(A) ensuring the continued global competitiveness of biotechnology innovations in the United States; and
(B) strengthening the ability of the United States to robustly analyze emerging threats, anticipate concerns, and govern proactively in the biotechnology space;
(3) carry out biological measurement research to support the development and improvement of technical standards for biosecurity, biosafety, and responsible biotechnology innovation; and
(4) report annually to the Secretary of Commerce on the administration of paragraph (2) and whether any promising governance strategies have resulted from the development and testing.
(c) Access to Environments.--The Under Secretary may contract with the private sector or coordinate with other Federal agencies to access environments necessary to provide testing under subsection (b)(1).
SEC. 105. STREAMLINING BIOSECURITY AND BIOSAFETY AUTHORITIES
ACROSS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
(a) Assessment and Plan Required.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall, in collaboration with the heads of such Federal agencies as the Director considers relevant--
(1) assess the current state of biosecurity and biosafety oversight by the Federal Government; and
(2) develop, based on the findings of the Director with respect to the assessment conducted under paragraph (1), an implementation plan to make oversight of biosecurity and biosafety by the Federal Government more effective and efficient.
(b) Elements of Assessment.--The assessment required by subsection (a)(1) shall include the following:
(1) A full accounting of Federal biosecurity and biosafety authorities and programs, including which agencies hold these authorities, whether these authorities are exercised effectively, and where there are overlaps or redundancies, real or perceived, in regulatory and enforcement authorities.
(2) Engagement with industry stakeholders and academia to understand where there are challenges with compliance, communication, and information sharing.
(3) Identification of gaps in funding or other Government support for the development of research, innovation, and tools that
advance the science of applied biosecurity, biosafety, and responsible biotechnology innovation.
(4) Identification of gaps in current Federal biosecurity and biosafety authorities and whether these gaps are hindering effective and efficient governance and assessment of emerging risks and opportunities in biotechnology.
(5) An evaluation of how consolidation of biosecurity and biosafety guidelines, authorities, and regulations across Federal agencies, including the regulations established and maintained under section 103(a), should be implemented to make oversight more effective and efficient and to address the gaps in such guidelines, authorities, and regulations, including those identified under paragraphs (3) and (4).
(c) Report to Congress.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Director completes the assessment required by paragraph (1) of subsection (a) and the implementation plan required by paragraph (2) of such subsection, the Director shall submit to Congress--
(A) a report on the findings of the Director with respect to the assessment; and
(B) a copy of the implementation plan.
(2) Contents.--The report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1)(A) shall include the following:
(A) The findings of the Director with respect to the assessment conducted pursuant to subsection (a)(1), with an annex for classified and business confidential information, as needed.
(B) Recommendations for legislative or administrative action to support the implementation plan developed under subsection (a)(2), according to--
(i) what, if any, new biosecurity and biosafety authorities are needed; and
(ii) where the Federal Government can consolidate biosecurity and biosafety authorities, including which, if any, should be reside under a common government entity, and whether this necessitates establishing a new government entity.
(d) Implementation.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Director completes the implementation plan required by subsection (a)(2), the Director shall commence implementing the plan through administrative action in accordance with applicable provisions of law.
(2) Governance strategies.--In carrying out the implementation plan developed under subsection (a)(2), the Director shall consider which, if any, of the governance strategies reported under section 104(b)(4) should be included in the plan.
TITLE II--NATIONAL PROGRAMMABLE CLOUD LABORATORIES NETWORK
SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.
(a) Definitions.--In this title:
(1) Artificial intelligence.--The term "artificial intelligence" has the meaning given that term in section 5002 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 9401).
(2) Biological data.--The term "biological data" means the information, including associated descriptors, derived from the structure, function, or process of a biological system that is either measured, collected, or aggregated for analysis.
(3) Director.--Unless otherwise provided, the term "Director" means the Director of the National Science Foundation.
(4) Institution of higher education.--The term "institution of higher education" has the meaning given that term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
(5) Network.--The term "Network" means the National Programmable Cloud Laboratories Network.
(6) Node.--The term "node" means a programmable cloud laboratory designated as part of the Network.
(7) Non-designated laboratory.--The term "non-designated laboratory" means any Federal, academic, nonprofit, or private industry programmable cloud laboratory not selected as a node under section 203.
(8) Programmable cloud laboratory.--The term "programmable cloud laboratory" means a physical laboratory that is equipped with research instrumentation and advanced manufacturing capabilities, including robotics and artificial intelligence, that can be securely and remotely programmed and controlled in order to conduct experiments and collect associated data.
SEC. 202. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the activities under this title--
(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
(2) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
(3) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
(4) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2029; and
(5) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2030.
SEC. 203.
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NATIONAL PROGRAMMABLE CLOUD LABORATORIES NETWORK.
(a) Purposes.--The purposes of the Network established under this title are--
(1) to maintain leadership by the United States in advanced experimentation, laboratory automation, and artificial intelligence for scientific research, advanced manufacturing, long-term economic competitiveness, and national security;
(2) to reduce the cost of federally funded research through automation and reproducibility;
(3) to accelerate national competitiveness by transferring government-funded research to private-sector commercial applications;
(4) to improve collaboration among federally funded national laboratories, institutions of higher education, and private industry;
(5) to ensure that investment in programmable cloud laboratories results in measurable cost savings, efficiencies, and long-term fiscal sustainability;
(6) to incentivize private-sector cost-sharing in research infrastructure and equipment;
(7) to support workforce development aligned with the technical needs of industry in the United States;
(8) to provide funding for nodes;
(9) to advance the development of a domestic industrial base for scientific automation tools, artificial intelligence systems for experimentation, and robotics platforms for use in laboratory settings; and
(10) to further programmable cloud laboratory research in areas such as materials science, biotechnology, chemistry, and other scientific or engineering disciplines where automation and cloud-enabled experimentation can deliver transformative results, including advanced materials synthesis and characterization, scalable biotechnology experimentation, and high-throughput chemical catalyst development.
(b) Establishment.--
(1) In general.--
(A) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director, in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall designate and oversee a National Programmable Cloud Laboratories Network of not more than 6 nodes to support secure, standards-based, and cost-effective remote experimentation and automated research.
(B) Awards.--The Director shall award a grant to each node, in an amount not to exceed $5,000,000 per fiscal year for a period of not more than 5 years, to support the Network.
(2) Assessment sequencing.--The assessment required under section 304 shall be conducted only after the final designation of nodes under paragraph (1).
(3) Nodes.--The Network shall consist of nodes that--
(A) enable programmable workflows and automated science;
(B) provide access to advanced scientific and manufacturing instruments, including artificial intelligence-enabled tools;
(C) collaborate to establish and adopt common standards, protocols, and best practices; and
(D) support interoperability across and between nodes.
(c) Application and Selection.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall issue a public solicitation for eligible entities to apply for node designation.
(2) Eligible entities.--Eligible entities that may apply for designation as a node include--
(A) institutions of higher education;
(B) nonprofit research organizations;
(C) private-sector research entities; and
(D) consortia or collaborations of the entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (C).
(d) Applications for Designation.--
(1) In general.--An eligible entity that desires to apply for designation as a node in the Network shall submit an application to the Director at such time and in such manner as the Director may require.
(2) Matters to be included.--The application required under paragraph (1) shall include--
(A) a technical and programmatic plan for laboratory operations, automation capabilities, and data integration;
(B) a plan to achieve long-term self-sustainability, including metrics, interim milestones, and a timeline for reducing reliance on Federal funding; and
(C) evidence of non-Federal cost share, private capital, or other third-party contributions demonstrating self-sustainability potential.
(e) Evaluation of Applicants.--The Director shall ensure that the process for selecting eligible entities for designation in the Network is competitive, merit-based, and transparent, through the evaluation of, with respect to each entity--
(1) pre-existing laboratory infrastructure and suitability for automated science;
(2) capacity to support distributed, cloud-enabled programmable workflows for multiple users;
(3) likelihood of achieving long-term sustainability without continued Federal funding;
(4) demonstrated ability to collaborate with other nodes, academic partners, industry partners, or other Federal research agencies (as defined in section 10002 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18901));
(5) protocols for research security, cybersecurity, and responsible access; and
(6) demonstration of user interest and research needs.
(f) Designation.--In designating nodes, the Director shall--
(1) give preference to applicants demonstrating meaningful third-party cost share and pre-existing infrastructure; and
(2) to the extent practicable, ensure that at least 1 node demonstrates the capability to support cloud-enabled biotechnology research, including automated experimentation or quality control workflows.
(g) Responsibilities.--Each node selected by the Director shall--
(1) support the purposes described in subsection (a);
(2) facilitate collaboration among Network members to expand and integrate automated science capabilities and best practices;
(3) actively participate with the Director of National Institute of Standards and Technology in developing network-wide interoperability, data-sharing, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence-assisted experimentation standards;
(4) support secure sharing of experimental data, models, and results across institutions of higher education participating in the Network, if applicable;
(5) provide a secure digital infrastructure to enable remote experimentation, artificial intelligence-assisted analysis, and reproducible science;
(6) engage in public-private partnerships to streamline the transfer of technology developed using Network infrastructure;
(7) develop and maintain a financial sustainability plan to reduce long-term reliance on Federal funds, including through user fees, licensing, consortia membership, or other revenue-generating models;
(8) establish performance metrics, including scientific output, cost-effectiveness, academic engagement, private-sector engagement, user satisfaction, and reproducibility of results; and
(9) where practicable, leverage commercially available hardware and software solutions to minimize cost and accelerate deployment of automated science capabilities.
SEC. 204. INTERAGENCY COLLABORATION.
Not later than 180 days after all nodes of the Network are designated, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in cooperation with the Director and participating eligible entities (including institutions of higher education), shall--
(1) develop and promulgate standards to ensure interoperability across Network nodes, including laboratory instrumentation, data infrastructure, communication protocols, and experiment execution systems;
(2) establish protocols for secure, seamless, and standardized data-sharing among all members of the Network aligned with node-level cybersecurity and research security protocols;
(3) define minimum technical requirements and operating procedures to support remote experimentation, experiment reproducibility, and artificial intelligence-assisted workflows; and
(4) periodically update such standards in consultation with private-sector partners and nodes of the Network to reflect advancements in hardware, software, and automation technology.
SEC. 205. ASSESSMENT OF NON-DESIGNATED LABORATORIES.
(a) Assessment Requirement.--Not later than 180 days after the Director designates the final node of the Network under section 203, the Director, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall conduct and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress, a comprehensive assessment of non-designated laboratories.
(b) Scope.--The assessment under subsection (a) shall identify, to the extent practicable--
(1) Federal laboratories, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and private-sector laboratories that possess or are developing programmable, automated, or remotely accessible research infrastructure;
(2) the instrumentation, automation, and data capabilities of such laboratories;
(3) cybersecurity and research security measures relevant to interoperability;
(4) existing or potential pathways for such laboratories to coordinate with Network nodes in areas such as data-sharing, standards adoption, or pilot interoperability projects; and
(5) legal, contractual, or intellectual property considerations that may affect participation in the Network.
(c) Confidentiality and Security.--
(1) In general.--In carrying out the assessment under subsection (a), the Director shall ensure that proprietary information is protected from public disclosure consistent with applicable law.
(2) Publication of nonproprietary public summary.--The Director shall publish a nonproprietary public summary of the assessment under subsection (a) and may submit a proprietary annex for that assessment to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 206. REPORTING AND OVERSIGHT.
(a) Annual Briefings.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Director shall brief the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives on the status of the Network.
(b) Contents.--Each briefing required under subsection (a) shall include an assessment of--
(1) the alignment of supported research with national scientific and economic priorities;
(2) the progress each node of the Network has made toward achieving self-sustainability as described in section 203(d)(2)(B); and
(3) the performance metrics established in section 203(g)(8).
SEC. 207. SUNSET.
The National Programmable Cloud Laboratories Network, including all authorities, programs, and funding provided under this title, shall terminate on September 30, 2031.
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SA 6667. Mr. HUSTED submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (8,506 characters)
At the end of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. BENEFIT CALCULATION FOR CERTAIN AUTO AND DEFENSE
PENSIONS.
(a) Guaranteed Benefit Calculation for Certain Plans.--
(1) In general.--
(A) Increase to full vested plan benefit.--
(i) In general.--For purposes of determining what benefits are guaranteed under section 4022 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1322) with respect to an eligible participant or beneficiary under a covered plan specified in subparagraph (D) in connection with the termination of such plan, the amount of monthly benefits shall be equal to the full vested plan benefit with respect to the participant.
(ii) No effect on previous determinations.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to change the allocation of assets and recoveries under sections 4044(a) and 4022(c) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1344(a); 1322(c)) as previously determined by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (referred to in this section as the "corporation") for the covered plans specified in subparagraph (D), and the corporation's applicable rules, practices, and policies on benefits payable in terminated single-employer plans shall, except as otherwise provided in this section, continue to apply with respect to such covered plans.
(B) Recalculation of certain benefits.--
(i) In general.--In any case in which the amount of monthly benefits with respect to an eligible participant or beneficiary described in subparagraph (A) was calculated prior to the date of enactment of this Act, the corporation shall recalculate such amount pursuant to subparagraph (A), and shall adjust any subsequent payments of such monthly benefits accordingly, as soon as practicable after such date.
(ii) Lump-sum payments of past-due benefits.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the corporation, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Labor, shall make a lump-sum payment to each eligible participant or beneficiary whose guaranteed benefits are recalculated under clause (i) in an amount equal to--
(I) in the case of an eligible participant, the excess of--
(aa) the total of the full vested plan benefits of the participant for all months for which such guaranteed benefits were paid prior to such recalculation, over
(bb) the sum of any applicable payments made to the eligible participant; and
(II) in the case of an eligible beneficiary, the sum of--
(aa) the amount that would be determined under subclause (I) with respect to the participant of which the eligible beneficiary is a beneficiary if such participant were still in pay status; plus
(bb) the excess of--
(AA) the total of the full vested plan benefits of the eligible beneficiary for all months for which such guaranteed benefits were paid prior to such recalculation, over
(BB) the sum of any applicable payments made to the eligible beneficiary. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, the corporation shall increase each lump-sum payment made under this clause to account for foregone interest in an amount determined by the corporation designed to reflect a 6 percent annual interest rate on each past-due amount attributable to the underpayment of guaranteed benefits for each month prior to such recalculation.
(iii) Eligible participants and beneficiaries.--
(I) In general.--For purposes of this section, an eligible participant or beneficiary is a participant or beneficiary who--
(aa) as of the date of the enactment of this Act, is in pay status under a covered plan or is eligible for future payments under such plan;
(bb) has received or will receive applicable payments in connection with such plan (within the meaning of subclause (II)) that does not exceed the full vested plan benefits of such participant or beneficiary; and
(cc) is not covered by the 1999 agreements between General Motors and various unions providing a top-up benefit to certain hourly employees who were transferred from the General Motors Hourly-Rate Employees Pension Plan to the Delphi Hourly-Rate Employees Pension Plan.
(II) Applicable payments.--For purposes of this subparagraph, applicable payments to a participant or beneficiary in connection with a plan consist of the following:
(aa) Payments under the plan equal to the normal benefit guarantee of the participant or beneficiary.
(bb) Payments to the participant or beneficiary made pursuant to section 4022(c) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1322(c)) or otherwise received from the corporation in connection with the termination of the plan.
(C) Definitions.--For purposes of this paragraph--
(i) Full vested plan benefit.--The term "full vested plan benefit" means the amount of monthly benefits that would be guaranteed under section 4022 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1322) as of the date of plan termination with respect to an eligible participant or beneficiary if such section were applied without regard to the phase-in limit under subsection (b)(1) of such section and the maximum guaranteed benefit limitation under subsection (b)(3) of such section (including the accrued-at-normal limitation).
(ii) Normal benefit guarantee.--The term "normal benefit guarantee" means the amount of monthly benefits guaranteed under section 4022 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1322) with respect to an eligible participant or beneficiary without regard to this section.
(D) Covered plans.--The covered plans specified in this subparagraph are the following:
(i) The Delphi Hourly-Rate Employees Pension Plan.
(ii) The Delphi Retirement Program for Salaried Employees.
(iii) The PHI Non-Bargaining Retirement Plan.
(iv) The ASEC Manufacturing Retirement Program.
(v) The PHI Bargaining Retirement Plan.
(vi) The Delphi Mechatronic Systems Retirement Program.
(E) Treatment of pbgc determinations.--Any determination made by the corporation under this section concerning a recalculation of benefits or lump-sum payment of past-due benefits shall be subject to administrative review by the corporation. Any new determination made by the corporation under this section shall be governed by the same administrative review process as any other benefit determination by the corporation.
(2) Trust fund for payment of increased benefits.--
(A) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury a trust fund to be known as the "Delphi Full Vested Plan Benefit Trust Fund" (referred to in this subsection as the "Fund"), consisting of such amounts as may be appropriated or credited to the Fund as provided in this section.
(B) Funding.--There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such amounts as are necessary for the costs of payments of the portions of monthly benefits guaranteed to participants and beneficiaries pursuant to paragraph (1) and for necessary administrative and operating expenses of the corporation relating to such payments. The Fund shall be credited with amounts from time to time as the Secretary of the Treasury, in coordination with the Director of the corporation, determines appropriate, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.
(C) Expenditures from fund.--Amounts in the Fund shall be available for the payment of the portion of monthly benefits guaranteed to a participant or beneficiary pursuant to paragraph (1) and for necessary administrative and operating expenses of the corporation relating to such payment.
(3) Regulations.--The corporation, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Labor, may issue such regulations as necessary to carry out this section.
(b) Pension Payment Acceleration.--Notwithstanding section 4007(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1307(a)) and section 4007.11 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation)--
(1) for plan years commencing after December 31, 2034, and before January 1, 2036, the premium due date for such plan years shall be the fifteenth day of the ninth calendar month that begins on or after the first day of the premium payment year; and
(2) for plan years commencing after December 31, 2035, and before January 1, 2037, the premium due date for such plan years shall be the fifteenth day of the ninth calendar month that begins on or after the first day of the premium payment year.
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SA 6668. Mr. HUSTED submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (8,241 characters)
At the end of title X, add the following:
SEC. 1094. BENEFIT CALCULATION FOR CERTAIN AUTO AND DEFENSE
PENSIONS.
(a) Guaranteed Benefit Calculation for Certain Plans.--
(1) In general.--
(A) Increase to full vested plan benefit.--
(i) In general.--For purposes of determining what benefits are guaranteed under section 4022 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1322) with respect to an eligible participant or beneficiary under a covered plan specified in subparagraph (D) in connection with the termination of such plan, the amount of monthly benefits shall be equal to the full vested plan benefit with respect to the participant.
(ii) No effect on previous determinations.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to change the allocation of assets and recoveries under sections 4044(a) and 4022(c) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1344(a); 1322(c)) as previously determined by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (referred to in this section as the "corporation") for the covered plans specified in subparagraph (D), and the corporation's applicable rules, practices, and policies on benefits payable in terminated single-employer plans shall, except as otherwise provided in this section, continue to apply with respect to such covered plans.
(B) Recalculation of certain benefits.--
(i) In general.--In any case in which the amount of monthly benefits with respect to an eligible participant or beneficiary described in subparagraph (A) was calculated prior to the date of enactment of this Act, the corporation shall recalculate such amount pursuant to subparagraph (A), and shall adjust any subsequent payments of such monthly benefits accordingly, as soon as practicable after such date.
(ii) Lump-sum payments of past-due benefits.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the corporation, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Labor, shall make a lump-sum payment to each eligible participant or beneficiary whose guaranteed benefits are recalculated under clause (i) in an amount equal to--
(I) in the case of an eligible participant, the excess of--
(aa) the total of the full vested plan benefits of the participant for all months for which such guaranteed benefits were paid prior to such recalculation, over
(bb) the sum of any applicable payments made to the eligible participant; and
(II) in the case of an eligible beneficiary, the sum of--
(aa) the amount that would be determined under subclause (I) with respect to the participant of which the eligible beneficiary is a beneficiary if such participant were still in pay status; plus
(bb) the excess of--
(AA) the total of the full vested plan benefits of the eligible beneficiary for all months for which such guaranteed benefits were paid prior to such recalculation, over
(BB) the sum of any applicable payments made to the eligible beneficiary. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, the corporation shall increase each lump-sum payment made under this clause to account for foregone interest in an amount determined by the corporation designed to reflect a 6 percent annual interest rate on each past-due amount attributable to the underpayment of guaranteed benefits for each month prior to such recalculation.
(iii) Eligible participants and beneficiaries.--
(I) In general.--For purposes of this section, an eligible participant or beneficiary is a participant or beneficiary who--
(aa) as of the date of the enactment of this Act, is in pay status under a covered plan or is eligible for future payments under such plan;
(bb) has received or will receive applicable payments in connection with such plan (within the meaning of subclause (II)) that does not exceed the full vested plan benefits of such participant or beneficiary; and
(cc) is not covered by the 1999 agreements between General Motors and various unions providing a top-up benefit to certain hourly employees who were transferred from the General Motors Hourly-Rate Employees Pension Plan to the Delphi Hourly-Rate Employees Pension Plan.
(II) Applicable payments.--For purposes of this subparagraph, applicable payments to a participant or beneficiary in connection with a plan consist of the following:
(aa) Payments under the plan equal to the normal benefit guarantee of the participant or beneficiary.
(bb) Payments to the participant or beneficiary made pursuant to section 4022(c) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1322(c)) or otherwise received from the corporation in connection with the termination of the plan.
(C) Definitions.--For purposes of this paragraph--
(i) Full vested plan benefit.--The term "full vested plan benefit" means the amount of monthly benefits that would be guaranteed under section 4022 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1322) as of the date of plan termination with respect to an eligible participant or beneficiary if such section were applied without regard to the phase-in limit under subsection (b)(1) of such section and the maximum guaranteed benefit limitation under subsection (b)(3) of such section (including the accrued-at-normal limitation).
(ii) Normal benefit guarantee.--The term "normal benefit guarantee" means the amount of monthly benefits guaranteed under section 4022 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1322) with respect to an eligible participant or beneficiary without regard to this section.
(D) Covered plans.--The covered plans specified in this subparagraph are the following:
(i) The Delphi Hourly-Rate Employees Pension Plan.
(ii) The Delphi Retirement Program for Salaried Employees.
(iii) The PHI Non-Bargaining Retirement Plan.
(iv) The ASEC Manufacturing Retirement Program.
(v) The PHI Bargaining Retirement Plan.
(vi) The Delphi Mechatronic Systems Retirement Program.
(E) Treatment of pbgc determinations.--Any determination made by the corporation under this section concerning a recalculation of benefits or lump-sum payment of past-due benefits shall be subject to administrative review by the corporation. Any new determination made by the corporation under this section shall be governed by the same administrative review process as any other benefit determination by the corporation.
(2) Trust fund for payment of increased benefits.--
(A) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury a trust fund to be known as the "Delphi Full Vested Plan Benefit Trust Fund" (referred to in this subsection as the "Fund"), consisting of such amounts as may be appropriated or credited to the Fund as provided in this section.
(B) Funding.--There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such amounts as are necessary for the costs of payments of the portions of monthly benefits guaranteed to participants and beneficiaries pursuant to paragraph (1) and for necessary administrative and operating expenses of the corporation relating to such payments. The Fund shall be credited with amounts from time to time as the Secretary of the Treasury, in coordination with the Director of the corporation, determines appropriate, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.
(C) Expenditures from fund.--Amounts in the Fund shall be available for the payment of the portion of monthly benefits guaranteed to a participant or beneficiary pursuant to paragraph (1) and for necessary administrative and operating expenses of the corporation relating to such payment.
(3) Regulations.--The corporation, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Labor, may issue such regulations as necessary to carry out this section.
(b) Pension Payment Acceleration.--Notwithstanding section 4007(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1307(a)) and section 4007.11 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation), for plan years commencing after December 31, 2034, and before January 1, 2036, the premium due date for such plan years shall be the fifteenth day of the ninth calendar month that begins on or after the first day of the premium payment year.