Federal Extreme Risk Protection Orders

Full Title:
Federal Extreme Risk Protection Order Act of 2026

Summary#

This bill creates a federal process for "extreme risk protection orders" (ERPOs). A U.S. district court can issue short ex parte orders (up to 14 days) and longer orders (up to 180 days) that bar a named person from buying, possessing, or receiving firearms or ammunition. Family or household members or law enforcement may petition a court. Ex parte orders require a sworn affidavit and a probable cause finding of imminent risk. Long-term orders require a hearing, notice, and clear and convincing evidence that the person poses a risk and that the order is necessary. Courts must order respondents to surrender firearms, ammunition, and permits to the U.S. Marshals Service or a designated law enforcement officer. The bill sets rules for service, receipts, storage, return of items after an order ends, and seizure/forfeiture for violations.

The bill adds being subject to an ERPO to the federal list of people barred from possessing firearms. It requires courts to report ERPO actions to the Attorney General, mental health agencies, and state and local law enforcement, and to update background-check databases. The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts must draft a model policy, and the Director must submit annual reports with detailed breakdowns of petitions, orders, demographics, and removals. Federal law enforcement officers must receive training on safe, equitable ERPO use. The bill creates a grant program (through COPS) to fund states, tribes, and local entities that enact similar ERPO laws, including requirements for training and technical assistance. The bill also requires full faith and credit for qualifying state and tribal ERPOs and sets an effective date of 180 days after enactment.

What it means for you#

  • Family members, household members, and law enforcement may ask a federal court to remove firearms from someone they say is an immediate risk.
  • If a federal ERPO is issued, the named person must surrender firearms, ammunition, and permits to the U.S. Marshals Service or a designated officer and will be listed in background-check records while the order is in effect.
  • If the order ends and a person is lawful to own firearms, the items must be returned after checks confirm eligibility.
  • Federal officers who use ERPOs must complete training that covers bias, de-escalation, domestic violence, and referrals to social services.

Expenses#

  • The bill authorizes a grant program and states that there are "authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary" to carry out the grant program.
  • The bill requires courts, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, and federal agencies to carry out new reporting, training, storage, and service duties.
  • No publicly available information on total projected costs or CBO estimates is included in the bill text provided.

Proponents' View#

  • The bill's text frames ERPOs as a tool to "reduce the risk of firearm-related death or injury" by removing access to firearms from people judged to pose a risk to themselves or others. It funds training, court capacity, and public outreach to support use of these orders.

Opponents' View#

No publicly available information.