Congressional Record

Tuesday, November 10, 2026

Vol. 172, No. 169 · 119th Congress, 2nd session

Senate

Page S5383 · Official text

The Senate met at 12 noon and was called to order by the Honorable Alan Armstrong, a Senator from the State of Oklahoma.

Prayer

Page S5383 · Official text

The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, offered the following prayer: Let us pray. Almighty God, who in Your wisdom so numbered and ordered our days that we must walk by faith and not by sight, increase our trust in Your sovereign care. As the U.S. Senate turns to a new chapter in its history, remind our lawmakers that no challenge is beyond Your power and no circumstance beyond Your ability to redeem. Lord, grant our Senators a faith that triumphs over despair, a love that triumphs over hate, and a courage that triumphs over fear and faintheartedness. Strengthen their resolve, sharpen their judgment, and deepen their commitment to the common good. Empower them to be bold and faithful participants in the awesome responsibility of preserving our Nation's strength, advancing its promise, and safeguarding the freedoms entrusted to us. May their decisions be guided by wisdom, their actions tempered by compassion, and their leadership sustained by an abiding commitment to justice and the well-being of all our people. We offer this prayer in Your great and Holy Name. Amen.

Pledge of Allegiance

Page S5383 · Official text

The Presiding Officer led the Pledge of Allegiance, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (174 characters)
I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.

Appointment of Acting President Pro Tempore

Page S5383 · Official text

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will please read a communication to the Senate from the President pro tempore (Mr. Grassley).

The senior assistant bill clerk read the following letter:

Text printed in the Record (294 characters)
Washington, DC, November 10, 2026. To the Senate: Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby appoint the Honorable Alan Armstrong, a Senator from the State of Oklahoma, to perform the duties of the Chair. Chuck Grassley, President pro tempore.

Mr. ARMSTRONG thereupon assumed the Chair as Acting President pro tempore.

Reservation of Leader Time

Page S5383 · Official text

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore

Under the previous order, the leadership time is reserved.

Conclusion of Morning Business

Page S5383 · Official text

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore

Morning business is closed.

Legislative Session

Pages S5383–S5385 · Official text

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore

Under the previous order, the Senate will resume consideration of the motion to proceed to H.R. 2347, which the clerk will report.

The senior assistant bill clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (228 characters)
Motion to proceed to Calendar No. 453, H.R. 2347, a bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude from gross income any damages, other than punitive damages, received on account of any sexual acts or sexual contact.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore

The Democratic leader is recognized.

Charles E. Schumer (D-NY)

Mr. President, despite talking a big game, Trump continues to show a troubling resistance to confront China on AI and to protect American national security. The press reports that Trump was briefed more than a year ago that Nvidia's CEO was having an affair with a suspected Chinese spy, and Trump didn't do anything--anything--about it. Can you believe that? One of our most important companies that is involved in national security and the CEO might be having an affair with a Chinese spy and Trump did nothing about it? What a dereliction of duty. He is supposed to protect America, not China, not his friends. Trump has been busy trying to defend Jensen Huang when he ought to be defending our national security. It is that simple. It is obvious. Instead, Trump invited Nvidia's CEO to join him on a visit to Beijing, took his advice on granting the PRC access to some of our most advanced AI chips, and accepted a $25 million donation from the company for his golden ballroom. I have been saying this for years: Our cutting-edge AI chips are too valuable to fall into the hands of potential adversaries. This alarming situation makes it clear that Congress must now act to pass critical bipartisan legislation like the AI OVERWATCH Act, the MATCH Act, and Chip Security Act to cut off China's access to advanced American technology before it is too late. Myself and colleagues have been pushing on this for quite a while, and I urge my Republican colleagues to come together with us to pass this legislation while we still can. And I call on the Trump administration to brief the Senate and House Intelligence Committees immediately on the PRC's efforts to spy on Nvidia and other U.S. AI companies. We also need answers on Nvidia's influence campaign and how it affected the Trump administration's national security decisions, including the loosening--loosening--of key export controls. We need a full accounting for Trump's failure to address foreign espionage in the American tech industry--full accounting. Mr. President, the tantrum Pete Hegseth threw at the Pentagon this morning only further weakened Americans' confidence in his ability to lead our brave men and women in uniform. The Senate needs to put Hegseth on trial and remove him from the Pentagon for his management of this disastrous, illegal war. He must be put on trial. This morning, Pete Hegseth had the audacity to declare a "historic military victory" in Iran. Can you believe it? What the hell is he talking about? A gallon of gas costing more than $4 a gallon is not a historic victory. Iran and its proxies still taking potshots at passing ships 8 months into the war isn't a historic victory. Trying to hide American casualty numbers from the public certainly doesn't scream "historic victory." Imagine justifying your disaster by arguing that the Vietnam war was worse and doing so just a day before Veterans Day. Well, that is just what Hegseth did. The guy has no sense, no morality, no decency, no honor. The administration could not be any more clueless about how unpopular Trump's failed war is with the American people. Hegseth fancies himself as a Patton, but he is nothing more than a deranged pundit. He has to go. Hegseth is already trying to hide behind our troops, falsely claiming that Congress disapproves of our courageous servicemembers, even though we have fought to bring them home for months. Let's be clear, the failure of this war falls solely on the shoulders of the Trump administration's disastrous leadership, not on our brave servicemembers who have served us so well. Asked about impeachment, Hegseth said:
Text printed in the Record (114 characters)
If [Congress wants] to talk about [Trump's] foreign policy and national security, let's do it--I'll see you there.

Charles E. Schumer (D-NY)

Well, Pete, we will be seeing you soon. And you better come prepared to defend one of the worst foreign policy records in American history. Mr. President, on the new inflation data, the October inflation numbers released this morning are yet another reminder of why the American people gave Republicans the boot in the last election. Trumpflation is busting working families' budgets, and for 2 years my Republican colleagues buried their heads in the sand. Senate Republicans' disregard for the woes wrought by Trump's costs, chaos, and corruption is disgraceful and disdainful. Trump has said, time and time again, he simply doesn't care about Americans' costs. The biggest surge in costs in October was food prices. I am talking about eggs, fish, beef. It is crazy and very difficult for the American people. Food prices skyrocketed to astronomical heights because of Trump's illegal war, his costly tariffs, and his nonsensical trade war with Canada. Trump ran the economy into the ground, and Republicans were more than happy to help him do it. Senate Democrats are dedicating every second of every day to stopping the high costs of groceries, gas, electricity, healthcare, and more from spiraling out of control. And, Republicans, if you dare to stand in the way, the American people will hand you another withering rebuke on election day of 2028. I yield the floor. I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore

The clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.

Ashley Moody (R-FL)

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore

Without objection, it is so ordered.

Ashley Moody (R-FL)

Mr. President, I rise today as someone who has reflected on last week, as so many Americans around this country, and also as someone who serves as a Senator for the great free State of Florida. And I take that responsibility, the fact that I have been given the trust and have been expected to be a steward of this incredible country--I take that very seriously. I don't think anyone in this Chamber--no matter your party, no matter your State--can come back into session today and not take a moment to reflect upon the fact that we are in year 250 of the United States of America, and we just came through an election where our people have spoken very clearly. And those of us in this Chamber that are in these seats and will remain here until the next Congress comes in and gets sworn in, we are presented with an opportunity--an opportunity to learn from last week and the elections, hear from our bosses--the Americans, the people of our States--and consult, strategize, inspire, motivate those within our own caucus to remember that we are in the majority and we can still get things done. In fact, we must get things done. We currently hold the baton that our forefathers handed to us to keep this the greatest country on this planet, to make sure that when we hand that baton to the next generation, it is a country that stood for the belief that a free people can govern ourselves; and in doing so, we can protect their rights, their safety, and ensure that they have meaningful opportunity to pursue their American dream. And I believe the frustration--maybe even the lack of trust--in Congress stems from the fact that they believe that we have not rolled up our sleeves every single day and been mindful that that is our first duty. When we took the oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America against all enemies foreign and domestic, they expected us to do that every single day and never take our eyes off the ball as to who was in charge. And that is the people. The people told us, over the last 2 years, what they want us to do. They want us to save America. They want us to make sure we are making policy decisions with their interests in mind, their interests first, this Nation first. They want us to make sure we are delivering an accountable government that they can trust, that they believe is acting on their behalf and in no one else's interests. And we have the responsibility now, the challenge now, to take these next 2 months and get the people's work done. Let's deliver on SAVE America. Let's deliver a no stock trading ban. Let's deliver on permitting reform. Let's deliver on affordability legislation. Let's roll up our sleeves and make sure every nomination gets through. And what does that mean? That means working really, really hard. That means showing up early, going home late. That means working through holidays. I have urged my colleagues and leadership to do just that. I came here today and said: Let's honor our veterans tomorrow, those that served us that said, "I will put my life on the line for you, this country, the fundamental idea that a free people can govern ourselves and live together with safety and security and our rights protected." They stood up for that. They fought for that. Over a million died for that. And now we--right now, in this moment--have the ability to serve in our own way. We can work through Veterans Day. We can work the rest of this week, and we can work for the next 2 months to deliver on nominations, to deliver on accountability for this government, to root out fraud. We can deliver on making sure the folks know we are doing everything in our power to make sure the American people can pursue happiness and live the American dream. They should go to bed every night knowing that we are burning the midnight oil to get that done. I am going to introduce a resolution to honor our veterans and recognize Veterans Day, and I believe that we can do more than just file a resolution and announce that we are going to all, as a country, respect Veterans Day. To truly honor our veterans, let's sacrifice ourselves. Let's stay here and work. Let's work as hard as we can until this Congress gets handed over to the 120th Congress. We owe that to those that came before us that have made this country what it is today, and we owe that to every generation that will come after us--that when we pass that baton, we did all we could do to support and defend this Constitution and ensure this remains the greatest country on Earth.

Ashley Moody (R-FL)

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the scheduled recess now occur from 12:40 until 3 p.m.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore

Without objection, it is so ordered.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore

The Senator from Hawaii.

Brian Schatz (D-HI)

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to speak for up to 10 minutes.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore

Without objection, it is so ordered.

Brian Schatz (D-HI)

Mr. President, tens of thousands of Palestinians have been displaced yet again after heavy rain flooded more than 70,000 tents in Gaza this weekend. Four people, including three children and one woman, are dead. Nearly everyone in the area needs help. This is a humanitarian emergency unfolding in realtime, and the Israeli Government's ongoing blockade of fuel and the destruction of equipment has made getting help to people much more difficult. This is not a partisan accusation. Even the President's Board of Peace called the Israeli Government's response insufficient, adding that "[delays have] . . . exacerbated the consequences of a foreseeable humanitarian challenge." "[Delays have] . . . exacerbated the consequences of a foreseeable humanitarian challenge." This isn't from me. This isn't from the Democrats. This is from the President's Board of Peace. And winter is just beginning in Gaza, and things will get worse without urgent action. The Israeli Government must immediately allow rescue equipment, building materials, and winter supplies into Gaza. The suffering happening right now among women and children and families who have had their lives turned upside down again and again is not inevitable. These people need and deserve help because they are people. There are a lot of challenges when it comes to Israel and Palestine that are complicated and fraught and contentious, but we should all be able to agree that repairing torn tents and helping people to dry out and providing warmth to freezing children is a basic human obligation. We don't need to agree about everything else before we help these people. We should help them because they are people. Mr. President, tens of millions of Americans all across the country and from every part of the political spectrum sent a very, very clear message last week: Enough is enough. We need to end this war. It is raising prices for everyone everywhere, and it is not making us any safer. This war has been a disaster on every level, and it needs to end now. Mr. President, $2,000--that is how much this war has cost American households already. Gas is just shy of four bucks a gallon nationally, and it is even higher in Hawaii at about $5.63. Diesel is more than six bucks after reaching a record high in September. Food prices are up because of fuel and fertilizer costs, and that includes beef, seafood, fruits, vegetables, dairy. Everything is up. The President may have started this reckless adventure all on his own, but it is the rest of us getting crushed at the pump and at the grocery store and everywhere we go. Now his argument is that the short-term economic pain is worth the long-term security gain, except for this: We are in a weaker position today than we were at the start of the war. Just consider the President's own stated objectives. He wanted regime change, but the same regime is in place, only younger and more radical. He wanted to wipe out Iran's nuclear program, only to turn around and say "I don't care" about Iran's stockpile of highly enriched uranium. He wanted to obliterate Iran's missiles, and yet the missiles keep falling. He wanted the Strait of Hormuz to be open and free, which was the case before the war, but now we have destroyers and aircraft carriers babysitting commercial ships every time they cross the strait. That is neither open nor free. And here is the thing. These disastrous consequences were not only foreseeable, they were foreseen. Every President over the past few decades has been pitched specifically by Prime Minister Netanyahu to go to war with Iran, and every President of both parties has wisely rejected it. And that is what makes the consequences of this war especially frustrating for so many Americans on both sides of the aisle. When Donald Trump said no new wars, we believed him. This wasn't Joe Biden, the former chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. This wasn't George W. Bush. This was the guy who campaigned not once, but twice, against endless wars in the Middle East, and yet here we are. Mr. President, 10 months in, 23 American servicemembers are dead. Thousands of Iranian civilians, including women and children, have been killed. People here at home and all around the world are having to choose between feeding their families and heating their homes and seeing a doctor because of acute shortages and skyrocketing prices. Enough is enough. There is broad recognition from the President's son, from the Vice President, on down that this is not working. So let's end it, and let's end it together. Because every day that this war goes on, there is more pain and suffering for literally no reason at all. I yield the floor.

Recess

Page S5385 · Official text

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore

Under the previous order, the Senate stands in recess until 3 p.m.

Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:43 p.m., recessed until 3 p.m. and reassembled when called to order by the Presiding Officer (Mr. Tillis).

SURVIVOR JUSTICE TAX PREVENTION ACT--Motion to Proceed--Continued

Page S5385 · Official text

SURVIVOR JUSTICE TAX PREVENTION ACT--Motion to Proceed--Continued

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The Senator from Ohio.

Recess

Page S5385 · Official text

Jon Husted (R-OH)

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate recess until 3:30 p.m.

There being no objection, the Senate, at 3:02 p.m., recessed until 3:30 p.m. and reassembled when called to order by the Presiding Officer (Mr. Husted).

SURVIVOR JUSTICE TAX PREVENTION ACT--Motion to Proceed--Continued

Pages S5385–S5392 · Official text

SURVIVOR JUSTICE TAX PREVENTION ACT--Motion to Proceed--Continued

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The Senator from Michigan.

Gary C. Peters (D-MI)

Mr. President, in my many years of public service, the biggest lesson that I have certainly learned is that you are only as good as the people around you. I have been blessed to have amazing people on my team over the years, and today I am honored to recognize one of the most exceptional people that I have had the pleasure to work with: Caitlyn Stephenson. Caitlyn has been a key member of my team for over 18 years, starting out knocking doors with me and my wife Colleen. Over the years, she has worked as a scheduler in my congressional office, helped lead my first Senate campaign, and has been my chief of staff for the past 6 years. When I first met Caitlyn, she had just recently graduated from Michigan State University. And as a native Michigander and as a very enthusiastic MSU Spartan, she already had two things going for her, but the tenacity and strong work ethic she brought to the job was quite apparent. I think much of that spirit can be attributed to two things: her Michigan roots, certainly, and also the incredible family who raised her. Caitlyn's mother Jacquie grew up not far from where I did in Bloomfield, MI. Jacquie's parents Elizabeth Florence Murdoch and John Loprete met while working at Hudson's Department Store during the Christmas season in 1939. During World War II, John, who was a chemical engineer, worked on the Manhattan Project, and Elizabeth ended her career working at my local library in Bloomfield Township, where Caitlyn earned her first paycheck as a library page. And although Caitlyn's father Lynn is originally from Texas, he made his way to Michigan, met Jacquie, and raised a loving family. Lynn's family has a long history in the United States, dating way back to before the country's founding when Thomas Stephenson served as a private in the Continental Army from Virginia. His ancestors settled in Oklahoma, where Lynn's parents Dicy and Max met at age 6. Max joined the Army, serving in the 274th Infantry fighting in eastern France in World War II. The childhood sweethearts later married and raised Lynn and his three sisters in Stratford, TX, where he served as the longtime city manager, and Dicy worked as a third-grade teacher. Lynn and Jacquie met at a party through mutual friends, got married, and raised three children: Caitlyn, her younger sister Carly, and her brother John. Over the years, the Stephenson clan have all lent a hand to Team Peters. Campaigning was a family affair. Jacquie and Lynn helped knock doors and put up yard signs while also serving as an election protection worker and precinct delegate, respectively. Carly has been one of my volunteer drivers when I needed help in a pinch, and John joined the rest of the family to help get out the vote for my campaigns. One of Caitlyn's youngest family members, her niece Malone, helped me navigate some of the difficult, crowded events at the 2024 Democratic Convention by graciously letting me carry her around. To Lynn, Jacquie, and Caitlyn's entire family, please know I am so grateful for everything you have shared with us over the past 18 years. I still vividly remember when Caitlyn started working for me as a recent graduate from the James Madison College at Michigan State on my first campaign. She spent hours walking blocks and knocking doors in communities all across the district, from Waterford to Bloomfield Township, and helped me flip a seat that had been held by Republicans for over 100 years. From then on, Caitlyn became enmeshed in my family, and she moved out to DC to help me set up my congressional office as my first scheduler. It certainly was a very exciting time for a recent college graduate to be working in Washington. President Obama had just taken office, and big policy changes to help people's lives were on the horizon. But it was also a tough time in Michigan and especially for autoworkers and their families in my district where Chrysler was headquartered. My office was relentless in making the case for the auto rescue to help protect those manufacturing jobs and help the economy recover from the financial crisis. And Caitlyn was there every step of the way and became basically the glue for our team. She kept track of every detail. She made sure that we stayed on course and on time to get everything done. Caitlyn continued through a hard-fought and a hard-won reelection in 2010 and moved back to Michigan to continue managing my schedule and take on additional responsibilities as my campaign finance director. Michigan had just undergone an extremely partisan redistricting process, and I was stuck running in one of the most gerrymandered districts in the entire country. But Caitlyn not only worked hard at raising the funds needed to win a competitive primary, she also brought our team together, and she provided clear leadership in a challenging environment. Thanks to her, our entire team was able to make the case for our campaign to voters in communities all across Detroit as well as across the 8-Mile divide. In 2014, when Senator Carl Levin announced he would retire from the Senate, Caitlyn served as the deputy campaign manager on my Senate race, overseeing our administration, scheduling, and political and fundraising departments. During the course of that campaign, we traveled all across the great State of Michigan, from Metro Detroit to Grand Rapids to Traverse City and the Upper Peninsula. After being elected to the Senate, I knew that Caitlyn had the experience and the vision to help me set up my Senate office. So 12 years ago this week--12 years ago this week--she came back to DC with me and Colleen to run my transition to the Senate and become my deputy chief of staff. And aside from a brief 6-month hiatus to run Michigan's massive, coordinated campaign organization for Hillary Clinton's 2016 Presidential bid, she has been part of my team ever since. And in 2021, when Eric Feldman, who had been my chief of staff since 2008, left for a job in the private sector, there was absolutely no question--no question--in my mind that Caitlyn was ready to take on that role. And while much of Caitlyn's work on my team had been very Michigan focused and internal to the office, she flourished as my new chief. She brought our entire team together--our State offices, our DC office, and my Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee staff--to work as one cohesive team--a team that works hard, plays hard, and, most importantly, gets things done. For example, when the Air Force announced major changes to their aircraft lease that threatened Selfridge Air National Guard Base, Caitlyn brought together our State staff, our legislative staff, and our committee staff to find every opportunity to prepare for the future for that base and its vital role for Michigan and for the country. In the years since, we have worked to secure a new squadron of KC-46 refueling tankers, a new squadron of F-15EX fighter jets, and establish the Northern Border Mission Center, all at the base. We also secured funding, through my role on the Appropriations Committee and on the Armed Services Committee, to make key investments in hangars and runways to help support the new missions that will keep this premier military installation at the forefront of our national defense for decades to come. So whether it was working on improving healthcare for veterans, fighting for clean drinking water, or supporting our manufacturing sector, Caitlyn has led our team in connecting real stories that we were hearing from our constituents back in Michigan to our policy team, who passed legislation to help solve the everyday problems facing Michiganders and Americans. So, trust me, I know that you are only as good as the team around you. And thanks to Caitlyn, her leadership, and our entire team's hard work, I was certainly honored to be recognized as the "Most Effective Lawmaker" by the nonpartisan Center for Effective Lawmaking three Congresses in a row. And let me say, that could only happen with Caitlyn leading our team. She made that happen. I also had the privilege of serving as chair of the Senate Democratic campaign arm for 4 years. And even though Caitlyn had just assumed her role as my chief, she devoted countless hours of her personal time helping to hold the Senate majority for Democrats in 2022--a historic feat in a midterm when our party also held the White House. From her extensive campaign experience and her keen political judgment, Caitlyn has always provided me with sound advice. Her tendency to think through every potential pitfall or every possible outcome to every decision has often led me to jokingly refer to her as basically our "fun police." But no matter what challenge we tackled, Caitlyn never got caught up in reacting to the day-to-day news, and she never lost sight of the most important thing for my office: what Michiganders are thinking and what they care about in their daily lives. She also brought a bipartisan ethos to her work. She built strong relationships with her colleagues across the aisle to help achieve our goals. She has been active in different organizations for chiefs of staff and been a leader in bringing them together to strengthen those relationships to get things done. So, Caitlyn, Colleen and I are so grateful for all of your hard work over the years and for everything you have done for the people of Michigan. It is hard to imagine our office without you. But as my time here at the Senate comes to a close, I am excited to see you take on some new challenges in your next role, and I know you are going to be equally as successful in anything that you do. So thank you for being a steady leader for our team over the years, and I wish you the best of luck in your career. It has been a pleasure to work with you, and I can't wait to see what you do in the future. Good luck. I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The Senator from Montana.

Steve Daines (R-MT)

Mr. President, this month is Native American Heritage Month. It has been a meaningful tradition of mine for the past 14 years in Congress to celebrate the rich legacy of Montana's Tribes, and this month is particularly meaningful, as I close out my time in the U.S. Senate. My interest in Montana's Tribes began at a very young age. I grew up in the Gallatin Valley, back in the 1960s. In fact, I am a graduate of Longfellow Elementary School in Bozeman. I was a proud Bozeman Hawk in my high school days. As a child, I lived two doors down from a member of the Crow Tribe. This was on South Bozeman, a long time ago. And he was a code talker during World War II. His name was Barney Old Coyote. He was an American hero. Barney served our country during World War II by speaking the Crow language in a national "code talk" program. The beautiful complexity of the Crow language allowed it to be used to transmit and receive military intelligence without fear of being intercepted. Because of Barney and his fellow code talkers, countless communications were securely sent overseas. Many American lives were saved. In fact, in 2015, Barney Old Coyote was awarded Congress's most prestigious honor, the Congressional Gold Medal, along with fellow Crow code talkers Samson Birdinground, Cyril Not Afraid, and Henry Old Coyote. And for a fun fact, as a little grade school kid in Bozeman, I used to walk to school with Rachel Old Coyote, the daughter of Barney Old Coyote, the cousin of Darrin Old Coyote, who was once the chairman of the Crow Tribe. As you can see, my roots in Indian Country start at an early age and run deep. But, today, I would like to reflect on memories from working with Montana's Tribes, from the wins we have had over the years to priorities I hope my successors will continue after my departure. Montana is home to many Tribes, including the Crow, the Cheyenne, the Blackfeet, the Assiniboine, the Gros Ventres, the Salish, the Kootenai, the Pend d'Oreille, the Little Shell, the Sioux, the Chippewa, and the Cree. When I was elected to the U.S. House, back in 2012, as the at-large Member from Montana, there were 11 federally recognized Tribes. I made it a priority to introduce the Little Shell of the Chippewa Indians Restoration Act, which granted Federal recognition to the Little Shell Tribe. In 2019, after years of work, this bill passed and the Little Shell were finally granted the recognition they deserved. So, today, Montana is the home of 12 federally recognized Tribes, spread across 7 reservations, from Fort Peck in the east to the Flathead in the west. It has been my honor to visit each reservation and my priority to meet regularly with Tribal leaders and members, both back in Montana or in Washington, DC, to work closely together to improve the quality of life in Indian Country, whether it is healthcare, education, resource development, or increasing law and order. Each one of these communities has helped weave together a rich tapestry of culture in my home State into the place that it is today. The Battle of Little Bighorn, one of the most significant battles in Montana history, is one such example. In fact, this year we commemorate the 150th anniversary. The battle marked a pivotal moment of the Great Sioux War and the American Indian Wars. It was my honor to pass a resolution commemorating and honoring all who fought so that future generations understand and appreciate the enduring spirit of our Tribes. Another example is the legacy of Blackie Wetzel, who was a fierce champion of his people, a former president of the National Congress of American Indians, who advocated for Tribes, including in the Oval Office with J.F.K. In fact, in 1971, Blackie worked with Coach George Allen to create the iconic logo that became a powerful symbol of leadership and excellence during Washington's three Super Bowl victories. Reflecting back in 2002, Blackie Wetzel proclaimed:
Text printed in the Record (61 characters)
It made us all so proud to have an Indian on a big-time team.

Steve Daines (R-MT)

After the franchise lost its popular brand in 2020, Blackie's son Don Wetzel met with me to share how important the logo remained for him, his family, and many in Indian Country. He wanted to use the logo for the good of Native Americans, especially to raise awareness of missing and murdered indigenous women. But, instead, the logo was censored by even the NFL and on official merchandise. Since then, I am proud to say that the league and the team have taken steps to restore the logo to a place of honor and prominence. It is certainly a great source of pride for the Blackfeet Tribe and all Indian Country. This same warrior-like spirit is demonstrated through a compelling fact that many don't know. Listen to this compelling fact: Native Americans serve in the military at the highest rates in America of any ethnic group. They are patriotic. They are courageous Americans. They have a warrior ethos. They serve our country in uniform with distinction and great pride. As an example of that heritage, in 2020, I was honored to join the special ceremony renaming the Billings VA Outpatient Clinic in memory of Dr. Joseph Medicine Crow, a proud World War II veteran and Crow nation Tribal chief who earned a Bronze Star and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. During my tenure, I also fought to restore Tribal rights and promote our Tribal nations. I have been a member of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs since the beginning of my time as a Senator 12 years ago. And so from my very start, I made communication and consultation with our Tribes one of my top priorities. The Northern Cheyenne Lands Act was one of our earliest victories and the second bill I ever got signed into law while serving in the U.S. House. And this bill corrected a 114-year survey error by the Federal Government when they expanded the Northern Cheyenne Reservation but failed to give them control over natural resources on the land. Tribal sovereignty has always been a core issue. And while there is still work to be done, there has been a lot of progress made. In fact, our team has worked with Tribal leaders from every corner of our State to address these priorities, whether it is water rights and infrastructure to investing in education and rural healthcare. I prioritized settling longstanding water rights issues and bringing clean water to Tribes. We were able to resolve all claims to water rights on the Blackfeet Reservation, and we permanently settled an over century-long dispute with the CSKT waters. And, most recently, my bills to reauthorize funding for water infrastructure in Fort Peck and to modernize the Crow Tribe water settlement were signed into law by President Trump. I also championed and signed into law the Protecting Indian Tribes from Scams Act to give Tribes and the FTC tools to fight against scams targeting Tribes. We worked on countless bills to address the missing and murdered indigenous women crisis and the scourge of drug trafficking and crime on our reservations. From the Savanna's Act and the Not Invisible Act to my Mitigating METH Act, we made significant progress in Tribal public safety. I was also honored to lead the annual resolution to bring awareness for Montana's missing and murdered indigenous women. But there is a lot of work left to be done. Before I leave office, I urge my colleagues to support Montana's final Indian water rights settlement and to pass my bill, the Northern Montana Water Security Act, because closing the chapter on Montana water settlements remains a high priority for my remaining weeks. I also urge my colleagues to pass my bill, the Crow Revenue Act, which would fix longstanding inholdings of the Crow Reservation, while providing certainty for the Bull Mountains Mine outside of Roundup, MT. I would truly like to thank all those who played a role in protecting and preserving our Tribal legacy. It has been an honor to collaborate so closely with leaders and Indian nations throughout the years. I am truly grateful to have been able to experience the traditions and the cultures of our Tribes, and I will leave office with a deeper appreciation for the enduring Indian spirit.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Banks)

The Senator from Illinois.

Richard J. Durbin (D-IL)

Mr. President, I was discussing with my staff foreign travel, which I believe is an integral part of service in Congress, and I asked, how many countries have I been to? The calculation was 40 in the last 20 years. But I have been in Congress--the House and Senate--for more than 20 years, so the number is more than 40. Many of the places that I visited were not resort location spots; they were countries struggling to become more democratic, overcome war, or lift their populations out of abject poverty. They were countries like Belarus, Haiti, Venezuela, Cuba, Ukraine, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. I once said that if I could leave advice to Members of Congress that would follow me, I would say to them: In the span of every 2 years, make certain that you do two things: Take a trip overseas. You can't appreciate America until you leave it, and you can't appreciate another country until you visit it. Make sure that is part of your education as a public figure. The second part I would say to them may surprise you: Visit a prison at least once every 2 years. So often, we make decisions on crime and procedure without remembering there are human beings on the other end of that equation. So I encourage Members of Congress to do both of those things every 2 years. But when it comes to travel, I just completed my last official trip abroad as a Senator from Illinois when I visited the Western Balkans, including Bosnia, Herzegovina, Albania, Montenegro, Croatia, and Kosovo. It was my third time traveling to the Balkans as a Member of Congress. I was honored to share this journey with my colleague Senator Jeanne Shaheen, the ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and a champion of stability in the Balkans. Jeanne was honored in these countries that we visited because she has made it her singular effort and singular purpose to bring peace to the Balkans--a part of the world that has been at war more often than not in modern times. But Jeanne Shaheen did so much so often to try to help them that in country after country, she was given the highest award they had to give to a visiting official. I was honored to be with her on that trip. Many here have forgotten the horrific war that engulfed that region in the early 1990s after the breakup of the former Yugoslavia. Bosnia in particular suffered a devastating conflict with the siege of Sarajevo, the ethnic cleansing, and massacres in places such as Srebrenica, which we visited. Few could have imagined the cosmopolitan city of Sarajevo that had hosted the winter Olympics just 10 years before would be turned into a deadly war zone. It was. During this horrible conflict, I supported President Clinton's decision to launch airstrikes to bring the war in Bosnia and Kosovo to a close. Those airstrikes led to what is known as the Dayton Accords, which finally ended the war in Bosnia in 1995. While several nations that emerged from the former Yugoslavia have prospered--joining the European Union and even NATO--others have struggled and still merit U.S. and European attention. Bosnia is still governing within the framework of the Dayton Accords--an agreement that was not meant to establish a governing structure for three decades and continues to be tested by ethnic divisions and opportunism. Such a path forward for Bosnia is also undermined by continued effort by some of the Bosnian Serb community to secede from the country, including through aggressive lobbying for support by the Trump administration. But amid all of this, I was reminded of so much courage and hope that emerged from those terrible Balkan wars. We visited a moving memorial in Srebrenica to the more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim boys and men who were killed there. We spoke with their brave mothers who shared their stories to make sure that their lives would never be forgotten. Nearby, we saw a program that brought the next generation of youth from all backgrounds together through music. And in Sarajevo, we went to an incredible museum around the Tunnel of Hope that served a critical lifeline in the city during the years of deadly siege. My visit reaffirmed my belief that we must continue to support efforts to draw these new nations into the EU and NATO and encourage the accompanying governance and economic reforms. It is our duty to continue to defend the larger peace, prosperity, and democracy that emerged from so much conflict in Europe--a peace that is now threatened again by none other than Vladimir Putin. Mr. President, this leads me to the ongoing war in Ukraine--a war President Trump said he would end on his first day if he was reelected to the White House. Of course, that didn't happen. I don't begrudge President Trump's attempts to seek diplomatic solutions to this conflict, but it is long overdue that he realizes that you can't coddle Vladimir Putin and compel him to reach an accord. In fact, what is left of American dignity for Trump to give away in this regard? The President has rolled out the red carpet for Putin on American soil. He held endless phone calls that led to nowhere. Trump publicly scolded Ukraine for fighting for its life and its existence. And most recently, President Trump eased Russian oil sanctions and waived other sanctions overwhelmingly passed in Congress. While President Trump belittles our allies and befriends our enemy, he is also trying to entice Putin with business deals as if this is some kind of a real estate scheme that we are talking about. That effort is doomed to fail. Vladimir Putin is a former KGB agent motivated not by money, but by warped historical grievances and perceived slights. He is the same Russian leader who provided targeting information to Iran to destroy American assets and kill American troops in the Middle East--the same leader empowering a nuclear-armed North Korean regime that also threatens the United States. Attempts to pacify Putin are both fantasy and folly by an American President who seems forever enamored by this autocratic Russian leader who is endlessly playing President Trump for a fool. So as I wind down my time in Congress, let me implore the President and this new Congress: Don't give up on Ukraine. We must help it restock its air defenses, make sure bipartisan appropriated funds are finally delivered instead of being delayed, sanctions waivers are ended, and that the Ukrainians have what they need to force Putin to a real negotiating table. We need to pick sides in the Ukrainian war, and there is only one side that is consistent with America's values, and that is the side of the Ukrainian people. After my recent visit to the Balkans--and many other trips to the Baltics--reminded me, we have to stay steadfast in our commitment to mutual defense in NATO. That historic alliance has kept the world at peace for decades, and we can't walk away from it. Anything else threatens to undermine American and allied security for decades to come--a potentially devastating legacy that no ballroom or arch will ever erase. I yield the floor. I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.

Patty Murray (D-WA)

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Without objection, it is so ordered.

Patty Murray (D-WA)

Mr. President, last week the American people used their voices, and they used their votes, and they did their job, and now it is time for Congress to finally get back to its job. We are here to be a voice for the American people, not a rubber stamp for the President. Look, Congress is a coequal branch of the government, not Donald Trump's customer service line. Republicans may have forgotten that, but the American people just sent them a reminder that will echo for years to come. And now Democrats are going to try something Republicans seem to have forgotten about, keeping our promises. We are going to hit the ground running by fighting to lower costs, to stop corruption, and to end Trump's war with Iran. That is what America voted for, and that is what we will work to deliver. A Democratic Congress means pressing to put an end to Trump's stupid tariffs and trade wars. Nobody in America wants to pay more for groceries just so Trump can pick a fight with Canada. A Democratic Congress means real accountability for ICE. Republicans wrote ICE a blank check. We are going to be writing them subpoenas. A Democratic Congress means cracking down on corruption--insider trading, selling pardons and access, crypto scams, no-bid contracts, war profiteering, all of it. If you thought Trump was your ticket to get rich quick by breaking laws and abusing power and defrauding the American people, you thought wrong. When the gavels change hands, the days of rampant consequence-free grifting will come to an end. Bet on that. And, of course, when it comes to healthcare, a Democratic Congress means reversing healthcare cuts--just for a start. Every time Republicans take power, they make a mess out of healthcare. We have got to reverse the Medicaid cuts that are shutting down our hospitals. We need to restore the ACA tax credits that make healthcare far more affordable for American families. And we need to stop Trump's plan to use AI to cut seniors off from their Medicare benefits. But we can't stop there because if Republicans' healthcare strategy is death by a thousand cuts, Democrats have to be more than the party of a thousand bandaids. We need a robust public option and universal coverage, and we are going to have that conversation in the next Congress. We are also going to have a conversation about undoing all the damage that R.F.K., Jr., has done to our health in this country. A Democratic Congress means putting science back in public health. Right now, measles cases are at record levels and instead of solving the problem, our Nation's highest health official is covering it up. Instead of championing vaccines, R.F.K., Jr., has been championing conspiracies. He should be fighting viruses, not vaccines. Americans don't want viruses, that we eliminated, roaring back and killing babies. Americans don't want lettuce to give them diarrhea. They don't want promising clinical trials cut off or respected researchers sacked. They don't want FDA's gold standard overruled by Secretary Kennedy's wildest conspiracies or Trump's biggest donors. Chaos and corruption may have spread like a plague under Trump and R.F.K., Jr., but you know what they say? Sunlight is the best disinfectant. Accountability is coming. And R.F.K., Jr., is far from the only person we will be holding accountable. A Democratic Congress means Russ Vought's days of breaking our laws and extorting our communities without consequence are coming to an end. As incoming chair of the Appropriations Committee, you better believe I am going to be demanding answers and accountability for the brazen robbery and illegality we have seen from Trump's OMB Director. I am going to have hearings, and I am going to use our funding bills to rein in the abuses and corruption of this administration while we invest in our American families. I will expose this administration's corruption and the games Russ Vought and OMB have been playing with our American tax dollars. I am going to drag this administration's crooked schemes into the light of day for every American to see, and you had better believe I am going to stamp this President's very ugly and very un-American brand of politics and corruption into the dust. Now, let me just say I am going to make certain a Democratic Congress means getting serious about the childcare crisis. Childcare is too hard for parents to find. It is too expensive for families to afford. It is too tough for providers to keep their daycare facilities open. And this is all crushing our families and our economy. I have been fighting for childcare since my first day in politics, and you can bet that next Congress I am going to be loud about beating the drum and pounding the pavement and charting a course toward a future where every family in this country can get quality, affordable childcare. And with so many new colleagues now coming who have young kids joining us, I know we are going to make progress. That doesn't just go for childcare, though. It goes for defending public education. A Democratic Congress means Trump's plan to demolish the Department of Education is dead in the water. We have been fighting these efforts since Trump's first day in office. But with gavels in hand, we are going to have even more power to put an end to this nonsense once and for all. There is no world where this former pre-K teacher will let Trump bulldoze the programs that support our kids because every student deserves to be able to get a great education and afford college, no matter their ZIP Code or the size of their parents' bank account. And a Democratic Congress means building infrastructure for all Americans instead of letting Trump build monuments to himself. Republicans have voted to cut off vital investments to create jobs and rebuild America's infrastructure. Well, guess what. Democrats are going to fight to keep investing in the roads and bridges and ports and airports that people use every day. We are also going to be pushing hard to fight back on abortion. A Democratic Congress means countering Republicans' attacks on abortion and clawing back the rights they have chipped away. Make no mistake, Republicans spent decades on their crusade to overturn Roe and rip away women's rights. So I will spend every day of this majority fighting to win the battle. Democrats will be relentless and tenacious, and that means putting abortion rights to a vote on the floor and making every Senator say where they stand. It means protecting title X and Planned Parenthood and contraception access from this administration's attacks. It means elevating the voices of women across the country about being investigated for miscarriages or forced to death's door before a doctor could treat them. I do not expect quick, easy victories, but I am in this fight for as long as it takes. We will claw back every inch we can at every opportunity we can. And I will keep pushing until we have the trifecta we need to restore abortion rights in all 50 States. Mr. President, now, when it comes to Trump's war, let's be clear, a Democratic Congress means Donald Trump is absolutely not getting his $1.5 trillion war budget or the nearly $70 billion he wants to bankroll the Iran war. There is no way on God's green Earth that I am going to let Republicans jam through a funding bill that blows war spending through the roof while at the same time cutting family childcare, housing, and healthcare. This war with Iran should have never started. It is putting our servicemembers in harm's way. It is blowing gas prices through the roof. It is undermining our credibility on the world stage, not to mention weakening our position on other fronts. This administration is responsible for the deaths of nearly 200 Iranian schoolchildren for God's sake. Trump's war has been a disaster from top to bottom. We are going to push to end this war as responsibly as we can, and we are going to hold Trump and Hegseth accountable for starting it in the first place. Now, there is going to be a lot more to say on these issues and many other challenges where the Republicans are going to have to accept reality and come to the table to work with us, like how do we develop a responsible framework for AI regulation that makes sure regular people are the ones reaping the benefits of this technology, not the ones bearing the burdens of it? The clock is ticking to get our arms around this. We cannot let the powerful technology and the companies developing it run amuck. Or how do we preserve Social Security in a way that keeps our promise to seniors and prevents painful cuts to everyone? Social Security is projected to run dry in 2032, meaning every Senator just elected is going to have a say in how we solve this. Those conversations need to start now. Or, for anyone wondering if I can find common ground with Trump right away, let's pass the Sunshine Protection Act. Let's give people a little bit more sunshine and finally end the tyranny of changing the clock back and forth just to see the Sun set before you leave work. There is no question, we have got our work cut out for us in the Congress ahead. And I think we all know this is not going to be easy. I would like to say the overwhelming results sent an undeniable message to the White House, but we all know this President has no problem denying election results or spitting in the face of Congress or flouting our laws. Republicans forgot Congress is not a rubberstamp. Our challenge is to remember it is not a magic wand. We are a co-equal branch of government. We can check this President. But we still have to contend with his veto power, and we still have to face a conservative Supreme Court. We can bring down prices but not with the wave of our hands. We can fight corruption but not with a strong press statement. And we can end Trump's war with Iran but not with the snap of our fingers. We are fighting a deeply entrenched administration so it is not going to be easy and quick. The only way to accomplish our goals is the hard way. We are going to have to have roll up our sleeves and grind it out. It is going to take hard work, sustained pressure, and sharp political strategy. Building something is always going to be harder, slower work than burning it down. But I want to end with the good news. The American people turned out in a very big way last week. They sent a message as loud and clear as I have ever heard in politics. And as a result, next year, Democrats will have more hands to take on that work than at any time in the Trump era. And we are, every single one of us, ready to meet this moment. I yield the floor. I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will call the roll.

The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.

Bill Cassidy (R-LA)

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Curtis)

Without objection, it is so ordered.

Bill Cassidy (R-LA)

Mr. President, I have been working hard for 6 years to try to fix Social Security. I am leaving office at the end of December, and I am still working it now. Now, when we say "fix Social Security"--let's just make it clear--I mean to rescue Social Security, to save Social Security. Social Security is like a baby which is right now sick and you are trying to rock it to sleep because the pain that is being released by that child may not be heard by people who aren't listening, but if you are paying attention, that pain is there. What am I describing? The problem with Social Security right now is that the trust fund is going insolvent. I will explain that. In years in which workers paid more in from their paycheck than was going out, the surplus was put in what is called the Social Security trust fund and put into Treasury bills. We have been in a situation for a while where there is more going out than there is coming in, and the difference between the amount going out and the amount coming in is being filled with the surplus of that trust fund. But that balance in the trust fund is falling. We are looking at an hourglass, and the hourglass is draining in the top, and it is coming down to the bottom. And it is not quite an hourglass, but if you can make the hourglass about 5\1/2\ years from now, that is when that trust fund is all empty on the top; there is no more surplus to supplement the amount coming in. At that point, by law--by law--by the wisdom of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who started Social Security, when the trust fund is empty, the amount going out, by law, has to fall to equal the amount coming in. If we wait until the end, that fall can be a cut of 28.5 percent--almost a third of the benefits that someone on Social Security is receiving. And it won't just be those who are currently receiving; it will be all those who in the future would receive. They would also get a 28.5-percent cut. Now, my good friend John Kennedy, my fellow Senator from Louisiana, says: Don't worry--Congress will just borrow to make up the difference. Frankly, the Congressional Budget Office just assumes that Congress will not be up to the challenge and will just borrow it. But the Congressional Budget Office also says that if we don't fix Social Security--if we don't fix Social Security--our Nation's fiscal state will be so bad, they cannot model it. The amount of money required to bail out Social Security will make them unable--it is just going to be a disaster for our Nation's economy. Why do I say that? Why would it be a disaster for our Nation's economy? If you think about how 30-year mortgage rates have been climbing, that is because our government borrows so much money. And the more the government borrows, the less there is to help people borrow money for a mortgage. If we start borrowing the amounts required to pay for those Social Security benefits when the trust fund runs out, those 30-year mortgage rates will skyrocket, and the hope for home ownership for Americans who are not already in a home will evaporate. There will be no hope whatsoever. Now, this is an interesting situation. Social Security is so important, but at this point, the needs for the individual, which is to have a secure Social Security program, is the same as the need for our Nation to have a sound fiscal house. We have to come up with policies--we have to come up with policies in which the fiscal house of our Nation preserves the independence and the fiscal viability of the Social Security recipient. The two are one and the same. It is important for Congress to act, and the longer we wait to act, the worse it gets. Now, by the way, now is the time to fix it. Everybody always says it is the third rail of politics: You can't touch Social, or else you are going to lose. No. We are talking about rescuing Social Security. The other thing that people say--the other thing that is said is that Democrats don't want Republicans to get credit, Republicans don't want Democrats to get credit, so neither can rise above petty, partisan politics to come up with a solution in which somehow--somehow--nobody benefits more than the other party. I will leave aside the lack of statesmanship that is implied by that comment. But this is the perfect time for it. We have a lameduck President. President Trump is not running for reelection. We have a lameduck Congress. People who are leaving are leaving. Now is the time to pass the bill, and we get it done before the next Congress, and we can do it now. Others say we have to have hearings on this before we proceed. We have had five hearings--four directly about Social Security--in various committees across--two in Budget. There will be another Budget hearing this coming week. We have had two or three in the Senate Finance Committee. We have had a hearing related to Social Security in the HELP Committee. We have had our hearings. We have discussed the bill. Well, then say the critics: But you have got to get cooperation of the parties. I have got a commitment from John Thune, from Mike Crapo, from President Donald Trump that if we can get a hearing and a markup on Social Security, we can address this issue this month--this month--and, in December, perhaps have a vote. And we would address Social Security and take care of it to preserve it for the individual and to protect it for our Nation. "So what is the holdup?" you might say. Well, it is not for lack of plans. Senator Bernie Sanders has a plan. His plan would put a 12.4 percent tax on people above a certain income, and it would go up forever. It doesn't really pay for Social Security for 75 years, but it is a significant plan. I credit Senator Sanders. There are at least three Democratic proposals out there that are serious proposals. They basically involve raising taxes to pay for everything. There is my plan, which is actually a bipartisan plan, of which both Democrats and Republicans support. I will briefly describe my plan. My plan builds on something that Congress did under George W. Bush--which I think every Democrat and most Republicans voted for--to rescue the railroad retirement investment fund. In that time, there were more retirees and fewer workers, and the railroad retirement trust fund was going insolvent. So Congress said: You can invest that money into the stock market or into other investments--not Treasurys, which have very low yield, but others that have good yield. As it turns out, 20 years later, the market has done so well that that fund is paying all the benefits. So under the plan I am advancing, it is patterned after something that all Democrats and most Republicans voted for under George W. Bush to create an investment fund--an investment fund that bailed out the railroad retirement fund. It has worked fantastically. By the way, they didn't have to permanently raise taxes. They didn't have to cut benefits. They were able to do it just by doing this investment fund. That is kind of the proposal I have, with several Democrats and several Republicans, to create an investment fund separate from the Social Security trust fund. We put $1.5 trillion in it over 5 years and let it grow--let it grow for the next 70 years. And as it grows, it offsets any borrowing required to pay scheduled benefits. We take that 28.5 percent benefit cut off the table. And, yes, we borrow money to pay for those benefits. But because we have this money in the escrow account, it offsets that borrowing. We can take care of as much as 70 to 75 percent of what is needed to pay for these benefits for Social Security beneficiaries just with this investment fund. And with a tweak here and a tweak there, we can make it 100 percent. If you do a little bit more, we can increase benefits for millions of Americans. That is the plan we have. But, you know, neither my plan nor Senator Sanders' plan, right now, is scheduled for a hearing. My good friend the ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee from Oregon--my very good friend Ron Wyden--does not want to take this issue up. And I am just asking my good friend Senator Wyden that we should, that we need to be responsible, that we need to lean into this. We don't need to search for excuses why now is not the time. We need to understand that now is the time. Martin Luther King said:
Text printed in the Record (45 characters)
The time is always right to do what is right.

Bill Cassidy (R-LA)

Now is the time to do what is right. If not, our Nation's credit rating and the assurance of the Social Security beneficiary that the money will be there in the future for her--we can reassure her, and we can take care of our Nation's fiscal house. But it takes courage. I admit it takes courage. But, I will say, the stars have aligned. Again, President Trump is all in. I have got Republican leadership. We have a bipartisan bill. But we also have competing bills, say, for example, from Senator Sanders and Representative Larson. So, Congress, let's do our job. Let's step up to the plate. Choose your metaphor. Lean into it. Let's do right for the American people. If there is anything we learned from last Tuesday's election, if people make promises and don't keep them, the voters will punish them. Congress has made a promise to take care of the American people's fiscal house that is represented by Social Security. Let's keep that promise. I yield the floor.

(Mr. SHEEHY assumed the Chair.)

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Curtis)

The Senator from Utah.

Mike Lee (R-UT)

Mr. President, there was a time when this country measured its ambition by what it built. We connected a continent by rail, and we closed that connection at Promontory Point in my home State of Utah with the driving of the Golden Spike. We raised the Hoover Dam out of the middle of nowhere in the desert. We built the infrastructure that made America the most prosperous, upwardly mobile Nation on planet Earth. We did these things because we believed the future should be bigger than the past. Somewhere along the way, we forgot how to say yes or, better said, somewhere along the way we developed a system of laws that made it way too easy to say no. Today, a company can spend years trying to get permission just to build a powerplant, and a transmission line--separately from that--can be tied up in litigation before a single mile of line is put up. The studies pile up; the legal bills pile up, but the energy that Americans need desperately never gets produced, and American families pay the price. It is a steep price. They see it every single month in their electric utility bills. They feel it at the grocery store where energy costs are reflected in the price of, well, basically everything on the shelf. And they are tired of being told just to be patient. If we want cheaper energy, we need more of it. We need more energy on the grid, and we need it to be reliable. Now, the White House Council of Economic Advisers estimates that permitting reform in this legislation could save the average American household between $178 and $251 a year just in electricity alone. And we have a bipartisan agreement to deliver it. For months, Senator Capito, Senator Heinrich, Senator Whitehouse, and I have worked to reach a deal that allows America to build again. That is not too much to ask, to let Americans build. We have negotiated in good faith. We have listened to concerns. We have made difficult compromises. We have strengthened Tribal consultation provisions and responded to feedback from stakeholders of different sorts from different backgrounds all across the country. This bill will make it easier to produce American energy and build the infrastructure that is necessary to deliver it. And when a massive data center needs new grid infrastructure, that data center should pay for it, not the family down the street from it. But now at the moment when we are finally prepared to act, some of the loudest voices in environmental politics in the United States are demanding that we abandon the agreement. Now, this is ironic. Some of these same groups tell us that climate change demands urgent action. They demand more renewable energy. But now, the moment Congress produces bipartisan legislation that would make it easier to build that kind of energy, suddenly, they are opposed to it. Look, environmental laws should protect the environment. They should not confer a permanent veto over lawful, legitimate projects that the American people need. We can protect our natural resources while allowing Americans to build things that our country needs. That is precisely what this legislation would accomplish. So my Democratic colleagues face a choice. They can stand with the bipartisan agreement that their own committee leaders have helped negotiate or they can surrender that agreement to outside organizations that have made opposition their principal business. They can vote to lower costs for American families or they can vote to preserve the very delays that make everything in this country more expensive. Look, I recognize that there are sincere, legitimate disagreements about energy policy, and I think there always will be. But, at a minimum, we should be able to agree that Americans deserve timely decisions on lawful projects, regardless of the means by which those projects produce electricity or whatever they are producing. So what is the alternative, if it is not this bill? Is it another decade of negotiations? Another promise that permitting reform might be just around the corner? We have already done the negotiating. We have already made the compromises. Now comes the part where we keep our word. America did not become great by asking permission to remain great. It became great because Americans were willing to be bold. They were willing to build. The engineers who designed the Hoover Dam were not promised a world without obstacles. The workers who built it did not wait for perfect conditions. They got to work. We owe it to the next generation that same ambition. We have a bipartisan agreement. We have a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to make energy more affordable, and, with it, everything else. Let's stop making excuses for why America can't build. Let's give Americans the freedom to build again. I urge my colleagues to support this bill.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Is there further debate? If not, the question is on agreeing to the motion to proceed.

Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)

I ask for the yeas and nays.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Is there a sufficient second? There appears to be a sufficient second.

The clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk called the roll.

John Barrasso (R-WY)

The following Senators are necessarily absent: the Senator from Texas (Mr. Cornyn), the Senator from Iowa (Ms. Ernst), the Senator from Missouri (Mr. Hawley), the Senator from West Virginia (Mr. Justice), the Senator from Kentucky (Mr. McConnell), and the Senator from Alabama (Mr. Tuberville).

Richard J. Durbin (D-IL)

I announce that the Senator from Nevada (Ms. Cortez Masto), the Senator from Colorado (Mr. Hickenlooper), the Senator from Arizona (Mr. Kelly), the Senator from Connecticut (Mr. Murphy), the Senator from Michigan (Mr. Peters), the Senator from Nevada (Ms. Rosen), the Senator from California (Mr. Schiff), the Senator from New Hampshire (Mrs. Shaheen), the Senator from Minnesota (Ms. Smith), the Senator from Virginia (Ms. Warner), and the Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. Warren), are necessarily absent. The result was announced--yeas 62, nays 21, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (825 characters)
Armstrong Banks Barrasso Blackburn Blumenthal Boozman Britt Budd Capito Cassidy Collins Coons Cotton Cramer Crapo Cruz Curtis Daines Fetterman Fischer Gallego Gillibrand Graham Grassley Hagerty Heinrich Hoeven Husted Hyde-Smith Johnson Kennedy Kim King Klobuchar Lankford Lee Lummis Marshall McCormick Moody Moran Moreno Murkowski Ossoff Paul Reed Ricketts Risch Schatz Schmitt Schumer Scott (FL) Scott (SC) Sheehy Slotkin Sullivan Thune Tillis Warnock Whitehouse Wicker Young Alsobrooks Baldwin Bennet Blunt Rochester Booker Cantwell Duckworth Durbin Hassan Hirono Kaine Lujan Markey Merkley Murray Padilla Rounds Sanders Van Hollen Welch Wyden Cornyn Cortez Masto Ernst Hawley Hickenlooper Justice Kelly McConnell Murphy Peters Rosen Schiff Shaheen Smith Tuberville Warner Warren The motion was agreed to.

Survivor Justice Tax Prevention Act

Pages S5392–S5393 · Official text

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. Lummis)

The clerk will report the bill by title.

The bill clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (190 characters)
A bill (H.R. 2347) to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude from gross income any damages, other than punitive damages, received on account of any sexual acts or sexual contact.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The majority leader is recognized.

(Purpose: In the nature of a substitute.)

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I call up substitute amendment No. 6883.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (96 characters)
The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Thune], for Mrs. CAPITO, proposes an amendment numbered 6883.

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I ask that the reading be dispensed with.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Without objection, it is so ordered.

(The amendment is printed in today's Record under "Text of Amendments.")

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I ask for the yeas and nays on the amendment.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Is there a sufficient second? There appears to be a sufficient second. The yeas and nays are ordered.

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I have an amendment at the desk to substitute amendment No. 6883.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (100 characters)
The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Thune] proposes an amendment numbered 6884 to amendment No. 6883.

John Thune (R-SD)

I ask the reading be dispensed with.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Without objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows:
Text printed in the Record (277 characters)
At the end add the following. "This Act shall take effect 1 day after the date of enactment." Mr. THUNE. I ask for the yeas and nays on the amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second? There appears to be a sufficient second. The yeas and nays are ordered.

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I have a second-degree amendment at the desk.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (100 characters)
The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Thune] proposes an amendment numbered 6885 to amendment No. 6884.

John Thune (R-SD)

I ask that the reading be dispensed with.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Without objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows:
Text printed in the Record (35 characters)
Strike "1 day" and insert "2 days".

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I have an amendment to the underlying bill at the desk.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (140 characters)
The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Thune] proposes an amendment numbered 6886 to the language proposed to be stricken by amendment No. 6883.

John Thune (R-SD)

I ask that the reading be dispensed with.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Without objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows:
Text printed in the Record (278 characters)
At the end add the following. "This Act shall take effect 3 days after the date of enactment." Mr. THUNE. I ask for the yeas and nays on the amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second? There appears to be a sufficient second. The yeas and nays are ordered.

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I have a second-degree amendment at the desk.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (100 characters)
The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Thune] proposes an amendment numbered 6887 to amendment No. 6886.

John Thune (R-SD)

I ask the reading be dispensed with.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Without objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows:
Text printed in the Record (36 characters)
Strike "3 days" and insert "4 days".

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I move to commit the bill to the Committee on Finance with instructions.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (170 characters)
The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Thune] moves to commit the bill to the Committee on Finance to report back forthwith with instructions with an amendment numbered 6888.

John Thune (R-SD)

I ask that the reading be dispensed with.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Without objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows:
Text printed in the Record (324 characters)
At the end add the following. "This Act shall take effect 5 days after the date of enactment." Mr. THUNE. Madam President, I ask for the yeas and nays on the motion to commit with instructions. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second? There appears to be a sufficient second. The yeas and nays are ordered.

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I have an amendment to the instructions.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (122 characters)
The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Thune] proposes an amendment numbered 6889 to the instructions of the motion to commit.

John Thune (R-SD)

I ask consent that the reading be waived.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Without objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows:
Text printed in the Record (217 characters)
Strike "5 days" and insert "6 days". Mr. THUNE. I ask for the yeas and nays on my amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second? There appears to be a sufficient second. The yeas and nays are ordered.

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I have a second-degree amendment to the instructions at the desk.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (100 characters)
The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Thune] proposes an amendment numbered 6890 to amendment No. 6889.

John Thune (R-SD)

I ask consent that the reading be waived.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Without objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows:
Text printed in the Record (36 characters)
Strike "6 days" and insert "7 days".

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR (Executive Session)

Page S5393 · Official text

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I move to proceed to executive session to consider Calendar No. 945.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The question is on agreeing to the motion.

The motion was agreed to.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report the nomination.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read the nomination of Gregory Carl Cook, of Alabama, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama.

Cloture Motion (Executive Session)

Page S5393 · Official text

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I send a cloture motion to the desk.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The cloture motion having been presented under rule XXII, the Chair directs the clerk to read the motion.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (568 characters)
We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the nomination of Executive Calendar No. 945, Gregory Carl Cook, of Alabama, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama. John Thune, Thom Tillis, Roger Marshall, Ted Budd, John Cornyn, Marsha Blackburn, Cindy Hyde-Smith, Bernie Moreno, Mike Rounds, Shelley Moore Capito, John Barrasso, James Lankford, Mike Crapo, John Hoeven, John Boozman, Chuck Grassley, Cynthia M. Lummis.

Legislative Session

Page S5393 · Official text

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I move to proceed to legislative session.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The question is on agreeing to the motion.

The motion was agreed to.

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR (Executive Session)

Page S5393 · Official text

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I move to proceed to executive session to consider Calendar No. 901.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The question is on agreeing to the motion.

The motion was agreed to.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report the nomination.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read the nomination of Daniel Desmond Domenico, of Colorado, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Tenth Circuit.

Cloture Motion (Executive Session)

Page S5393 · Official text

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I send a cloture motion to the desk.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The cloture motion having been presented under rule XXII, the Chair directs the clerk to read the motion.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (571 characters)
We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the nomination of Executive Calendar No. 901, Daniel Desmond Domenico, of Colorado, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Tenth Circuit. John Thune, Tim Sheehy, John Barrasso, Pete Ricketts, Thom Tillis, Chuck Grassley, Kevin Cramer, Ted Budd, Shelley Moore Capito, Cynthia M. Lummis, Marsha Blackburn, Tim Scott of South Carolina, Bill Hagerty, Jim Banks, John R. Curtis, Cindy Hyde-Smith, Joni Ernst.

Legislative Session

Page S5393 · Official text

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I move to proceed to legislative session.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The question is on agreeing to the motion.

The motion was agreed to.

EXECUTIVE CALENDAR (Executive Session)

Page S5393 · Official text

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I move to proceed to executive session to consider Calendar No. 944.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The question is on agreeing to the motion.

The motion was agreed to.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The clerk will report the nomination.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read the nomination of Anna St. John, of Louisiana, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fifth Circuit.

Cloture Motion (Executive Session)

Page S5393 · Official text

John Thune (R-SD)

Madam President, I send a cloture motion to the desk.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The cloture motion having been presented under rule XXII, the Chair directs the clerk to read the motion.

The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

Text printed in the Record (550 characters)
We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the nomination of Executive Calendar No. 944, Anna St. John, of Louisiana, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fifth Circuit. John Thune, Thom Tillis, Roger Marshall, Ted Budd, John Cornyn, Marsha Blackburn, Cindy Hyde-Smith, Bernie Moreno, Mike Rounds, John Barrasso, Shelley Moore Capito, James Lankford, Mike Crapo, John Hoeven, John Boozman, Chuck Grassley, Cynthia M. Lummis.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

The gentlemen from Wyoming.

Legislative Session

Page S5393 · Official text

John Barrasso (R-WY)

Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate resume legislative session and be in a period of morning business, with Senators permitted to speak therein for up to 10 minutes each.

The PRESIDING OFFICER

Without objection, it is so ordered.

Arms Sales Notification

Pages S5393–S5394 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (9,300 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 0J-26. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 0J-26. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1)AECA certification 19-66 of January 14, 2020. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology or Capability (Sec. 36(b)(5)(A), AECA) (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Australia. (ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 19-66; Date: January 14, 2020; Implementing Agency: Navy. (iii) Description: On January 14, 2020, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 19-66 of the possible sale, under Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, of long lead items, engineering development activities, and other defense services to support the Australian Surface Combatant Program, including the modernization of the three Hobart Class Destroyers, and construction of the first three (of nine total) Hunter Class Frigates which includes: three (3) shipsets of the AEGIS Weapon System (AWS) in the MK 6 Mod 1 configuration to support the Modernization of the Hobart Class Destroyers; three (3) shipsets of the AWS in the MK 6 Mod 1 configuration to support the New Construction of the Hunter Class Frigates; three (3) shipsets of the MK 41 Vertical Launching Systems for installation on the Hunter Class Frigates; three (3) shipsets (2 mounts per ship) of the Close-In Weapons System for installation on the Hunter Class Frigates; two (2) Australia AEGIS Weapon System Computer Programs (one for Hobart Class, one for Hunter Class), and associated computer programs for AEGIS Combat System components for installation on both the Hobart and Hunter Class ships; six (6) shipsets of the Global Positioning System (GPS)--Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Service (GPNTS) Navigation Systems and associated Advanced Digital Antenna Production antennas and support equipment for installation on the Hobart and Hunter Class ships; six (6) shipsets of upgraded Cooperative Engagement Capability equipment for installation on the Hobart and Hunter Class ships; six (6) shipsets of Command and Control Processor equipment for installation on the Hobart and Hunter Class ships; and eight (8) shipsets of Multifunctional Information Distribution System (MIDS) Joint Tactical Radio Set terminals for installation on the Hobart and Hunter Class ships. Also included were three (3) shipsets of MK 34 Gun Weapon System modification equipment to include the Electro Optical Sight System and changes supporting Naval Fires Planner and associated TacLink Control System for installation on the Hobart Class Destroyers; three (3) shipsets of MK 34 Gun Weapon System components to include the MK 160 Gun Computing System and the MK 20 Electro Optical Sight System, and the Naval Fires Planner and associated TacLink Control System for installation on the Hunter Class Frigates; three (3) shipsets of Mode 5/S capable Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) Systems; Gigabit Ethernet Data Multiplexing System; AN/WSN-7 Ring Laser Gyrocompass Inertial Navigation Systems; WSN-9 Digital Hybrid Speed Log systems; Common Data Link Management System; and Global Command and Control System-Maritime systems for installation on the Hunter Class Frigates; six (6) shipsets of AN/SRQ-4 Hawklink and SQQ-89 sonobuoy processing equipment for installation on the Hobart and Hunter Class ships; defense services for development and integration of a capability upgrade for the installed AEGIS Combat System on the Hobart Class Destroyer, including Integrated Air and Missile Defense capability and growth capability for Ballistic Missile Defense; development, integration, and testing support for installation of a AEGIS Combat System for installation on the Hunter Class Frigate, a Global Combat Ship Type 26 platform, including the integration of the indigenous CEAFAR 2 Phased Array Radar with the AEGIS Combat System (including Cooperative Engagement Capability) and the primary radar sensor and illuminator; integration of selected Australian provided combat system components including Undersea Warfare and Ship Self Defense for installation on the Hobart and Hunter Class ships; integration of the MH-60R helicopter into the AEGIS Combat System for installation on the Hobart and Hunter Class ships; Procurement and delivery of installation support material, special purpose test equipment, initial logistics outfitting, spares and other ancillary equipment to support the installation and integration of AEGIS Combat System equipment in the Hunter and Hobart class ship platforms; development of technical documentation to support both programs, provision of logistics and other support services to support the Hobart and Hunter Class ships; procurement, staging, delivery, and installation support for AEGIS Combat System equipment for the Hobart and Hunter Class ships; provision of training support for curriculum development, training tool development, front-end analysis, and crew training for the Hobart and Hunter Class ships; U.S. Government and contractor representative engineering, logistics, and technical support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support for the Hobart and Hunter Class ships. The estimated total value was $1.5 billion. Major defense equipment (MDE) constituted $0.5 billion of this total. On November 8, 2024, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 24-IB of the addition of the following MDE items: three (3) AN/WSN-12 ring laser gyrocompasses; three (3) MIDS On Ship Modernization (MOS Mod) equipment suites; four (4) 5-inch 54 caliber MK 45 lightweight gun carcasses; and three (3) Tactical Tomahawk Weapon Control Systems. The following non-MDE items were also included: personnel training; and U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services. The estimated total value of the new items was $641 million. The new MDE items did not result in a net increase in the estimated total MDE value, which remained at $0.5 billion. The estimated total value of the new non-MDE items was $0.5 billion, which resulted in an increase in non-MDE value to $1.5 billion. The estimated total case value increased by $0.5 to $2.0 billion. This transmittal notifies the inclusion of the following MDE items: one (1) GPNTS. The following non-MDE items will also be included: Military Code (M-Code) units; and KIV-78A upgrade kits and units. The estimated total value of the new items is $6 million. The estimated total cost of the new MDE items is $3 million and does not result in a net increase in total cost of MDE. The estimated total MDE cost remains $0.5 billion. The estimated total cost of the new non-MDE items is $3 million and does not result in a net increase in total cost of non-MDE. The estimated total nonMDE cost remains $1.5 billion. The total case value does not increase and remains $2 billion. (iv) Significance: This notification accounts for requested additional MDE and non-MDE items not included in the original notification. The inclusion of this MDE and non-MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. The proposed articles and services will support Australia's ability to effectively maintain its current force projection capability that enhances interoperability with U.S. forces. (v) Justification: This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States. Australia is one of our most important allies in the Western Pacific. The strategic location of this political and economic power contributes significantly to ensuring peace and economic stability in the Western Pacific. It is vital to the U.S. national interest to assist our ally in developing and maintaining a strong and ready self-defense capability. (vi) Sensitivity of Technology: GPNTS is the U.S. Navy's next generation Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) distribution system with a GPS based security architecture. GPNTS supports mission critical real time PNT data services for weapons, combat, navigation, communications, and other Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence systems. The KIV-78A is an advanced cryptographic hardware module used for military IFF systems. It provides secure Mode 5 and Mark XIIA combat identification capabilities for aircraft, ships, and ground units. The M-Code is a GPS receiver that utilizes the military M-Code for enhanced security and anti-jamming capabilities. The GPS Miniature Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver Engine M-Code provides highly accurate positioning, navigation, and timing data in environments where GPS signals may be contested or denied. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET. (vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: October 16, 2026.

Arms Sales Notification

Pages S5394–S5395 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (3,557 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-1J. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-1J. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1) AECA certification 19-48 of 7/29/2019. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology or Capability (Sec. 36(b)(5)(C), AECA) (i) Prospective Purchaser: Republic of Korea. (ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 19-48; Date: July 29, 2019; Implementing Agency: Air Force. (iii) Description: On July 29, 2019, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 19-48 of the possible sale, under Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, of Contractor Logistics Support; program management; training for pilots maintenance, logistics and communications personnel; depot and organizational level maintenance; minor modifications and upgrades; spares and repair/return parts; operational flight support; program analysis; publications and technical documentation; U.S. Government and contractor technical and logistics services; and other related elements of logistics and program support for RQ-4 Global Hawks. The estimated total cost was $950 million. There was no Major Defense Equipment (MDE) associated with this sale. On July 15, 2022, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 0K-22 of the possible sale, under section 36(b)(5)(A) of the Arms Export Control Act, of the addition of the following MDE items: three (3) Kearfott Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System units. The estimated total value of the MDE items was $0.472 million. The total estimated case value remained $950 million. This transmittal notifies the inclusion of the following non-MDE items: aircraft components, parts, and accessories; personnel training and training equipment; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total value of the new items is $399 million. No additional MDE items will be added and will remain at $0.472 million. The estimated total case value will increase by $399 million to a revised $1.349 billion. (iv) Significance: This notification accounts for requested additional non-MDE items not included in the original notification. The inclusion of this non-MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. The proposed articles and services will support the Republic of Korea to sustain and operate its fleet of RQ-4 Block 30 remotely piloted aircraft and will significantly advance U.S. interoperability with the Republic of Korea's armed forces. (v) Justification: The proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security of the United States by improving the security of a major ally that is an important force for political stability and economic progress in the IndoPacific region. (vi) Sensitivity of Technology: The Sensitivity of Technology statement contained in the original notification applies to items reported here. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET. (vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: September 24, 2026.

Arms Sales Notification

Pages S5395–S5396 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (7,128 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 25-CO(25-67). Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 25-CO(25-67) concerning the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Egypt for defense articles and services estimated to cost $832 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Egypt. (ii) Total Estimated Value: Major Defense Equipment * $656.5 million. Other $175.5 million. Total $832.0 million. Funding Source: Foreign Military Financing. (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase: Major Defense Equipment (MDE): Up to two thousand twenty (2,020) Javelin FGM-148F missiles (including twenty (20) fly-to-buy missiles). Up to two hundred (200) Javelin Lightweight Command Launch Units (LWCLUs). Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: Javelin LWCLU basic skills trainer; missile simulation rounds; battery coolant units; life cycle support; physical security inspection; spare parts; system integration and check out; publications and technical documentation; U.S. Government technical assistance; tool kits; training; and other related elements of logistics and program support. (iv) Military Department: Army (EG-B-VQS). (v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None. (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time. (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex. (viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: * As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act. Egypt--Javelin Missiles The Government of Egypt has requested to buy up to two thousand twenty (2,020) Javelin FGM-148F missiles (including twenty (20) fly-to-buy missiles); and up to two hundred (200) Javelin Lightweight Command Launch Units (LWCLUs). The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: Javelin LWCLU basic skills trainer; missile simulation rounds; battery coolant units; life cycle support; physical security inspections; spare parts; system integration and check out; publications and technical documentation; U.S. Government technical assistance; tool kits; training; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $832 million. This proposed sale will support U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives by helping to improve the security of a friendly country that continues to be an important force for political stability and economic growth in the Middle East. The proposed sale will improve Egypt's ability to defend its sovereignty and territorial integrity to meet its national defense requirements. Egypt will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces. The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region. The principal contractors will be Lockheed Martin, located in Orlando, FL; and RTX Corporation, located in Arlington, VA. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor. Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Egypt. There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale. Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (vii) Sensitivity of Technology: 1. The Javelin weapon system is a medium-range, man portable, shoulder-launched, fire-and-forget, anti-tank system for infantry, scouts, and combat engineers. It may also be mounted on a variety of platforms including vehicles, aircraft, and watercraft. The system weighs 49.5 pounds and has a maximum range in excess of 2,500 meters. The system is highly lethal against tanks and other systems with conventional and reactive armors. The system possesses a secondary capability against bunkers. 2. Javelin's key technical feature is the use of fire-and-forget technology that allows the gunner to fire and immediately relocate or take cover. Additional special features are the top attack and/or direct fire modes, an advanced tandem warhead and imaging infrared seeker, target lock-on before launch, and soft launch from enclosures or covered fighting positions. The Javelin missile also has a minimum smoke motor thus decreasing its detection on the battlefield. 3. The Javelin weapon system is comprised of two major tactical components, which are a reusable Lightweight Command Launch Unit (LWCLU) and a round contained in a disposable launch tube assembly. The LWCLU incorporates an integrated day-night sight that provides a target engagement capability in adverse weather and countermeasure environments. The LWCLU may also be used in a stand-alone mode for battlefield surveillance and target detection. LWCLU's thermal sight includes an advanced forward-looking infrared sensor. To facilitate initial loading and subsequent updating of software, all on-board missile software is uploaded via the LWCLU after mating and prior to launch. 4. The missile is autonomously guided to the target using an imaging infrared seeker and adaptive correlation tracking algorithms. This allows the gunner to take cover or reload and engage another target after firing a missile. The missile has an advanced tandem warhead and can be used in either the top attack or direct fire modes. An onboard flight computer guides the missile to the selected target. 5. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET. 6. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities. 7. A determination has been made that Egypt can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification. 8. All defense articles and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of Egypt. ____

Arms Sales Notification

Page S5396 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (3,951 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-89. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-89 concerning the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Kuwait for defense articles and services estimated to cost $400 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Kuwait. (ii) Total Estimated Value: Major Defense Equipment *$0. Other $400 million. Total $400 million. Funding Source: National Funds. (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase: Major Defense Equipment (MDE): None. Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will be included: repair and return services for Patriot missiles; transportation; organizational equipment; repair parts; support equipment; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; maintenance services; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. (iv) Military Department: Army (KU-B-UYT). (v) Prior Related Cases, if any: KU-B-UXS; KU-B-ULP; KU-B-ULS; KU-B-UXH; KU-B-ULL; KU-B-UMI; KU-B-ZUM. (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time. (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: None. (viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: * As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act. The Government of Kuwait has requested to buy repair and return services for Patriot missiles; transportation; organizational equipment; repair parts; support equipment; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; maintenance services; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $400 million. This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a major non-NATO ally that has been an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East. The proposed sale will improve Kuwait's capability to meet current and future threats and provide greater security for its critical oil and natural gas infrastructure. Kuwait will use the enhanced capability to strengthen its homeland defense. Kuwait will have no difficulty absorbing these article and services into its armed forces. The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region. The principal contractors will be Lockheed Martin, located in Arlington, VA; RTX Corporation, located in Huntsville, AL; Leidos, Inc, located in Huntsville, AL; and KBR, located in Huntsville, AL. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractors. Implementation of this proposed sale will require the assignment of five (5) additional U.S. contractor representatives to Kuwait for a duration of two years to provide handling and documentation support. There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.

Arms Sales Notification

Pages S5396–S5397 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (6,219 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-100. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-100 concerning the Navy's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of the United Arab Emirates for defense articles and services estimated to cost $1.041 billion. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Notice of Proposed Issuance Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of the United Arab Emirates. (ii) Total Estimated Value: Major Defense Equipment* $0.950 billion. Other $0.091 billion. Total $1.041 billion. Funding Source: National Funds (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase: Major Defense Equipment (MDE): Up to ten thousand (10,000) Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II guidance sections, consisting of a combination of air-to air and air-to-ground configurations. Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: Mk-152 high explosive warheads; MK66 rocket motors; proximity fuzes; WTU-1/B practice warheads; inert MK66 rocket motors; other support equipment; publications and technical documentation; transportation; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, training, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. (iv) Military Department: Navy (AE-P-ABW; AE-P-ABX). (i) Prior Related Cases, if any: AE-P-ABV. (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time. (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex. (viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: * As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act. United Arab Emirates--Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II Guidance Sections The Government of the United Arab Emirates has requested to buy up to ten thousand (10,000) Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II guidance sections consisting of a combination of air-to-air and air-to-ground configurations. The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: Mk-152 high explosive warheads; MK66 rocket motors; proximity fuzes; WTU-1/B practice warheads; inert MK66 rocket motors; other support equipment; publications and technical documentation; transportation; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, training, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $1.041 billion. This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a major defense partner. The United Arab Emirates is a force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East. The proposed sale will improve the United Arab Emirates' capability to meet current and future threats by developing and maintaining a strong and ready self-defense capability and improving interoperability with U.S. forces. The United Arab Emirates will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces. The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region. The principal contractor will be BAE Systems, Inc., located in Nashua, NH. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor. Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to the United Arab Emirates but will require temporary visits by U.S. Government and contractor representatives to participate in program and technical reviews, local training, and maintenance support. There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale. Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (vii) Sensitivity of Technology: 1. The Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II (APKWS-II) all-up-round is a low cost air-to-air and air-to-ground system that consists of an APKWS-II guidance section, a legacy 2.75-inch MK66 Mod 4 rocket motor, and a legacy MK152 and MK435/436-point detonating or M728 proximity fuze. The APKWS-II is a tactical rocket system that can be launched from several platforms, including rotary wing, fixed wing, and ground-based vehicles, offering multi-mission, multi-target capability, and precision-strike lethality. The guided rockets are steered to the target by following reflected laser beam energy directed onto the target either by the launching aircraft, a second aircraft, or ground-based troops operating a laser designator. 2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET. 3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities. 4. A determination has been made that the United Arab Emirates can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification. 5. All defense articles, technical data, and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of the United Arab Emirates.

Arms Sales Notification

Pages S5397–S5398 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (5,456 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-103. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-103 concerning the Department of the Navy's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Australia for defense articles and services estimated to cost $300 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Australia. (ii) Total Estimated Value: Major Defense Equipment* $0. Other $300 million. Total $300 million. (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase: Major Defense Equipment* (MDE): None. Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will be included: Theater Mission Planning Center (TMPC) and associated communications systems; TMPC Mission Planning System (MPS); program management; engineering, training, and logistics services to support the development, procurement, and delivery of the MPS; and other related elements of logistics and program support. (iv) Military Department: Navy (AT-P-FBT). (v) Prior Related Cases, if any: AT-P-LGJ. (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time. (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex. (viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: October 8, 2026. * As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act. The Government of Australia has requested to buy Theater Mission Planning Center (TMPC) and associated communications systems; TMPC Mission Planning System (MPS); program management; engineering, training, and logistics services to support the development, procurement, and delivery of the MPS; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $300 million. This proposed sale supports the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States. Australia is one of our most important allies and is critical to promoting stability and security in the Indo-Pacific and around the world. Assisting our ally in developing and maintaining a strong and ready self-defense capability advances U.S. national interests. This proposed sale will improve Australia's capability to meet current and future threats by enhancing its Tomahawk capability, strengthening its ability to deter regional threats, and improving its homeland defense. Australia will deepen its interoperability with U.S. maritime forces and other allied forces as well as its ability to contribute to missions of mutual interest. Australia will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces. The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region. The principal contractors will be BAE Systems, located in San Diego, CA; Tapestry Solutions, located in St. Louis, MO; Peraton, located in San Jose, CA; and Leidos, located in Virginia Beach, VA. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor. Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Australia. There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale. Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (vii) Sensitivity of Technology: 1. The Theater Mission Planning Center (TMPC) communications system and Mission Planning Systems (MPS) hardware and software provides the capability to plan, produce, and distribute autonomously created Tomahawk missions to Royal Australian Navy firing units. The Tomahawk mission planning capability contains sensitive technology, hardware, and software that enhances the operational employment of the Tomahawk Land Attack Missile. 2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is TOP SECRET/SENSITIVE COMPARTMENTED INFORMATION. 3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities. 4. A determination has been made that Australia can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification. 5. All defense articles, technical data, and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of Australia. ____

Arms Sales Notification

Page S5398 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (3,947 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-1N. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-1N. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1) AECA certification 22-64 of November 28, 2022. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology or Capability (Sec. 36(b)(5)(C), AECA) (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Finland. (ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 22-64; Date: November 28, 2022; Implementing Agency: Navy. (iii) Description: On November 28, 2022, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 22-64 of the possible sale, under Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), of up to forty (40) AIM 9X Block II tactical missiles; four (4) AIM 9X Block II Tactical Guidance Units; and forty-eight (48) AGM-154 Joint Stand Off Weapons. Also included were dummy air training missiles; Captive Air Training Missiles; Captive Flight Vehicles; Free Flight Vehicles; containers; mission planning; integration support and testing; munitions storage security and training; weapon operational flight program software development; transportation; tools and test equipment; support equipment; spare and repair parts; publications and technical documentation; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering and logistics support services; books and other publications; training; training aids and devices; space parts; support equipment; weapon system software support; U.S. Government and contractor engineering; technical and logistics support services; studies and surveys; missile technical assistance; other technical assistance; and other related elements of program and logistics support. The estimated total cost was $323.3 million. Major defense equipment (MDE) constituted $164.1 million of this total. This transmittal notifies the inclusion of the following additional MDE items: two hundred twenty (220) AIM 9X Block II tactical missiles; and twenty-four (24) AIM 9X Block II Tactical Guidance Units. The estimated total value of the new items is $55 million. The estimated MDE value will increase by $55 million to a revised $219.1 million. No additional non-MDE items will be added and will remain at $159.2 million. The estimated total case value will increase by $55 million to a revised $378.3 million. MDE constitutes $219.1 million of this total. (iv) Significance: This notification accounts for requested additional MDE not included in the original notification. The inclusion of this MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. The proposed articles and services will support Finland's air-to-air and air-to-surface weapons capabilities and will positively impact U.S. relations with countries in the Nordic region. Finland intends to use these defense articles and services for its fighter aircraft fleet. Finland will have no difficulty absorbing this equipment into its armed forces. (v) Justification: This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a NATO Ally that is an important force for political stability and economic progress in Europe. (vi) Sensitivity of Technology: The Sensitivity of Technology Statement contained in the original notification applies to items reported here. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET. (vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: October 16, 2026.

Arms Sales Notification

Pages S5398–S5400 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (11,795 characters)
Please fiqd enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-lK. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-1K. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades hom the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1) AECA certification 24-63 of May 29, 2024. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology or Capability (Sec. 36(b)(5)(C), AECA) (i) Purchaser: Government of Sweden. (ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 24-63; Date: May 29, 2024; Implementing Agency: Army. (iii) Description: On May 29, 2024, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 24-63, of the possible sale, under Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, of twelve (12) UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters; thirty (30) T700-GE-701D engines (24 installed, 6 spares); and seventeen (17) AN/AAR-57 counter missile warning systems. The following was also included: AN/APR-39C(V)1/4 radar warning receivers; AN/AVR-2B laser detecting sets; AN/ARN-149(V) low frequency automatic direction finder radio receivers; AN/ARN-153 tactical air navigation system receiver transmitters; AN/APN-209 radar altimeter; EBC-406HM emergency locator transmitters; enhanced ballistic armor protection systems; internal auxiliary fuel tank systems; fast rope insertion extraction system; external rescue hoist; rescue hoist equipment sets; Martin Baker palletized crew chief and gunner seats with crashworthy floor structural modifications; aircraft fire extinguisher cartridge; impulse cartridge; thruster TCU-3/A; helmets; transportation; organizational equipment; spare and repair parts; support equipment; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics support and program support. The estimated total cost was $900 million. Major Defense Equipment (MDE) constituted $500 million of this total. On May 22, 2025, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 0E-25, of the possible sale of sixteen (16) ARC-231A RT-1987 very high frequency (VHF)/ ultra-high frequency (UHF)/line-of-sight(LOS) satellite communications (SATCOM) radios; twenty-nine (29) embedded global positioning system/inertial navigation system +429. The following non-MDE items were also included: ARC-231 RT-1808A VHF/UHF/LOS SATCOM radios; APX-123A identification friend or foe (IFF) transponder (or future IFF replacement); AN/PYQ-10 simple key loader; KIV-77 common IFF crypto applique; AN/ARC-201D RT-1478D radios; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The addition of MDE did not result in a change to estimated MDE value which remained $500 million. The total case value did not increase and remained $900 million. This transmittal notifies the inclusion of the following MDE items: up to one hundred (100) AGM-114R2 Hellfire Missiles; up to one hundred (100) AGM-179A Joint Air-to-Ground Missiles; up to one hundred fifty (150) WGU-59/B Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II guidance sections; up to thirty (30) common infrared countermeasures; up to twenty (20) degraded visual environment pilotage systems (DVEPS); up to seventy (70) ARC-231A RT-1987 VHF/UHF/LOS SATCOM radios; up to thirty (30) embedded global positioning systems/inertial navigation system (EGI EAGLE M+429) or future replacement; up to thirty (30) AN/APR-39E(V)2 radar warning receivers; and up to fifty (50) M240H machine guns. The following non-MDE items will also be included: GAU-19 Gatling guns; M134D-H mini-guns; A965 cartridge, 25.4MM decoy M839; LA14 decoy, infrared countermeasure M211 with decal; H843 warhead, 2.75in M151 high-explosive rocket; HA07 rocket motor, 2.75in MK66; HA10 rocket, 2.75in infrared flare with warhead M278 and fuze; M442 and motor MK66; HA13 rocket, 2.75in practice with warhead M274 and safe and arming device M423 and rocket motor MK66; HB03 rocket, 2.75in flechette with warhead M255A2 and rocket motor MK66; L410 flare, aircraft countermeasure IR M206; M514 fuze, proximity; MD66 cartridge, impulse CCU-44/B; MG62 cartridge, impulse BBU-35/ B; Hydra 70 rocket launchers; M260 rocket launchers; M261 rocket launchers; M299 rocket launchers; infrared laser; captive carry training missiles; Alkan Bomb Racks; configurable lightweight wing; MX-15D electro optical infrared sensors; AN/PRC-160; AN/PRC-167; small tactical terminal (STT) KOR 24-A; video-oriented radio transceiver for the exchange of information (VORTEX) transceiver; APX-123 identification friend or foe; helmet display tracking system; computer weapon management system; and other related elements of program and logistic support. The estimated MDE value will increase by $700 million to a revised $1.2 billion. The estimated non-MDE value will increase by $600 million to a revised $1 billion. The estimated total case value will increase by $1.3 billion to a revised $2.2 billion. MDE constitutes $l.2 billion of this total. (iv) Significance: The inclusion of this MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. The proposed articles and services will provide Sweden an additional advanced communication and cryptographic capability to address current and future requirements, reinforcing Sweden's ability to maintain regional stability and improve its security. (v) Justification: This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a NATO Ally that is a force for political stability and economic progress in Europe. (vi) Sensitivity of Technology: The AGM-114R2 missile is used against heavy and light armored targets, thin-skinned vehicles, urban structures, bunkers, caves and personnel. The missile is inertial measurement unit-based, with a variable delay fuze, improved safety and reliability. The highest classification level for release of the AGM-114R2 is Secret. Software and firmware documentation, such as data processing, software requirements, source code, algorithms, height of burst sensor, are not authorized for disclosure. The highest level of classified information that could be disclosed by a proposed sale or by testing of the end item is up to and including Secret. The highest level that must be disclosed for production, maintenance, or training is up to and including Secret. Vulnerability data, countermeasures, vulnerability and susceptibility analyses, and threat definitions are classified as Secret or Confidential. Detailed information to include discussions, reports and studies of system capabilities, vulnerabilities and limitations that lead to conclusions on specific tactics or other countermeasures are not authorized for disclosure. Reverse engineering could reveal Secret information. Loss or compromise of classified information associated with the AGM-114R2 could lead to development of countermeasures or exploitation of system vulnerabilities by those obtaining the information. The Joint Air-to-Ground Missile all up round, designated AGM-179A, is an air-to-ground missile (AGM) consisting of a Hellfire-Romeo (AGM-114R) back-end (i.e., propulsion, warhead, and control sections) mated to a newly designed dual-mode guidance section (GS). The dual-mode GS is a combination of millimeter wave (MMW) and semi-active laser (SAL) sensors co-axially aligned on a steerable gimbal. The combination of MMW and SAL sensors provide improved precision point and fire-and-forget capabilities onto a single munition. This combination allows targeting capability against fast moving and stationary targets in countermeasure and/or a battlefield intensive environment, and in low cloud ceiling and adverse weather. Firing modes include lock-on before launch and lock-on after launch. Engagement modes include point designation--SAL only; target designation--SAL initiated with MMW engagement completion; active fire-and-forget laser queuing--MMW initiated with SAL override capability; active fire and forget--MMW only. Hosting platforms include rotary-wing, select fixed-wing, wheeled/ tracked vehicles, ground-based pedestal launcher, and patrol boats. Lethality includes tactical armor, boats, bunkers, buildings, caves, personnel in open, rotary and slow fixed wing; unmanned aircraft systems, non-tactical vehicles-fast moving. The MMW is capable of hitting low radar cross section targets. The Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS-II) is a design conversion of an unguided Hydra 2.75-inch rocket with a laser guidance kit to give it precision-kill capability. As a low-cost weapon, it is intended as an inexpensive means to destroy targets while limiting collateral damage in close combat. The APKWS consists of an APKWS-II guidance section developed by BAE systems, legacy 2.75-inch MK66 Mod 4 rocket motor, and a legacy MK151 and MK435/436 warhead/fuze. These guided rockets are steered to the target by following reflected laser beam energy directed onto the target either by the launching aircraft, a second aircraft, or groundbased troops operating a laser designator. The APKWS is a tactical rocket system that can be launched from several platforms, including rotary wing, fixed wing, and ground-based vehicles, offering multi-mission, multi-target capability, and precision-strike lethality. The Common Infrared Countermeasure (CIRCM) is the next-generation lightweight, laser-based, infrared countermeasure system for rotary-wing, tilt-rotor, and small fixed-wing aircraft across the DoD. CIRCM provides near spherical coverage of the host platform to defeat infrared (IR)-seeking threat missiles. CIRCM receives an angular bearing hand-off from the common missile warning system, employs a pointing and tracking system that acquires and tracks the incoming missile. CIRCM jams the missile by using modulated laser energy, thus degrading the tracking capability of the missile and causing it to miss the aircraft. DVEPS provides overmatch by providing increased situational awareness to the aircrew in Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) conditions such as brownout, allowing special operations aviation assets to execute missions in almost any environmental condition. Utilizes using three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology. DVEPS produces imagery, 3D conformal symbology, and system alerts to aid pilots in maintaining spatial awareness during and after transition from visual meteorological conditions (VMC) to degraded visual environment (DVE) conditions. DVEPS includes synthetic vision avionics backbone, light detection and ranging, removable storage device, infrared camera, power distribution unit, and inertial measurement unit. The AN/ARC-231A is a software-definable radio for military aircraft that provides two-way, multi-mode voice and data communications over a 30 Hz to 512 MHz frequency range. No designated exportable/non-communication security capable version planned. Support both line-of-sight UHF and VHF bands with amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and SATCOM capabilities including embedded frequency agile modes, electronic counter-countermeasures anti-jam waveforms including HAVEWQUICK and SINCGARS, demand assigned multiple access, integrated waveform. It provides simultaneous, real-time participation in tactical voice and data communications networks. The RT-1987 will provide NSA TSVCIS 3.1.1crypto modernization compliance.
Text printed in the Record (5,469 characters)
Operator selectable air traffic control channel spacing of 5, 8.33, 12.5, and 25 kilohertz (kHz) steps, and other data link and secure communications features; providing battlefield interoperability. The EGI EAGLE M+429 provides GPS and INS capabilities to the aircraft. The EGI will include selective availability anti-spoofing module (SAASM) security modules to be used for secure GPS precise positioning service, if required. The EAGLE M+429 contains sensitive technology that provides GPS hardening when loaded with COMSEC keys. The AN/APR-39E(V)2 radar warning receiver is a radar threat detection system that passively detects, categorizes, and prioritizes radio frequency threats to aircraft, and then provides an audio/visual cue to aircrew. AN/APR-39E(V)2 provides a fully digital capability to enhance threat discrimination in the MMW) band and increased overall system performance against frequency-agile RF and active electronically scanned array threat radars. The APX-123 transponder is Mark XIIA common transponder containing an NSA-certified M4/M5 crypto and meets all U.S. and NATO mode 4 and 5 requirements. When installed in conjunction with platform antennas the transponder provides identification, altitude, and surveillance reporting in response to interrogations from airborne, ground-based and/or surface interrogators. The transponder provides operational capabilities for Mark XIIA IFF capabilities of Modes 1, 2, 3/ A, C, 5 level 1 and level 2, and Mode S (levels 1, 2, and 3 capable). Additionally, the transponder incorporates Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcasts (ADS-B) Out capability. The 1305-A965, CTG, 25.4mm, Decoy M839 & 5865-Z133 is a chaff, countermeasure M1. The M1 (Z133) is a 25.4mm decoy chaff cartridge. The Z133 is a component in A965. All cartridge components including the cartridge case, piston, end cap and theoretical band coverage are UNCLASSIFIED. The specifications and the drawings for this item are also UNCLASSIFIED. Radar cross section measurements of deployed chaff are CONFIDENTIAL. Chaff deployment timing, sequence, pattern and effectiveness against radar threats are SECRET/ NOFORN. The 1370-LA14, M211 & 1370-LA15, M212 flares are unclassified, the associated technology is sensitive and can be reverse engineered. The performance/effectiveness can defeat certain U.S. shoulder-launched missiles. No technical data packages or test information should be supplied. The small tactical terminal (STT) KOR-24A is used to provide airborne, maritime, fixed station small airborne link 16 terminal capability. The STT is the latest generation of small, two-channel, Link 16 and VHF/UHF radio terminals. While in flight, the STT provides simultaneous communication, voice or data, on two key waveforms. The Link 16 data link is a military tactical data link network. Link 16 provides aircrews with enhanced situational awareness and the ability to exchange target information to command and control (C2) assets via tactical digital information link-joint. The Link 16 can provide a range of combat information in near-real time to U.S. and allies' combat aircraft and C2 centers. This system uses high assurance encryption. The AN/PRC-160 radio is a tactical wideband high frequency (HF)/VHF transceiver providing Type 1 encryption and SAASMGPS location and timing capabilities. The system provides continuous frequency coverage from 1.5 to 60 megahertz. The manpack version provides 20 watts HF and 10 watts VHF transmit power from a single battery. The system transmits in bandwidths from 3 kHz to 24 kHz with data rates up to 120 kilobits per second. The software programmable system can operate using NATO standard 2G, 3G, and 4G automatic link establishment waveforms and is compatible with AM single sideband and CW modes. As a Type 1 secure system, the AN/PRC-160 is considered an unclassified controlled cryptographic item (CCI). The AN/PRC-167 is a multi-domain multi-channel tactical narrow and wideband dual transceiver radio system providing Type 1 encryption and SAASM GPS location and timing capabilities. The system can provide wide-band high-assurance self-healing networking capabilities and mobile user objective system over-the-horizon capabilities. Each transceiver is software programmable operating in the 30-512 MHz and 764-2600 MH frequency ranges. The system can operate using the following waveforms: narrow-band analog/PCM AM/FM, CVSD ASK/FSK cipher text, wideband 2400 bps and LPC/2400 MELP--SATCOM. As a Type 1 secure system, the AN/PRC-167 is considered an unclassified CCI. The VORTEX Sc variant is a secure, real time full motion video (FMV) and data transmission system that provides enhanced situational awareness, surveillance, and battle damage assessment for U.S. and coalition air and ground forces. VORTEX Sc enables aircrews, unmanned aircraft operators, and ground elements to exchange live video and mission data with U.S. and coalition platforms, including large airframes, unmanned aerial vehicles targeting pods, remote video terminals, and tactical operations centers. The system employs an extensive set of waveforms designed to ensure low latency, interoperable FMV distribution across joint and multinational networks. This system uses high assurance encryption. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET. (vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: October 16, 2026.

Arms Sales Notification

Pages S5400–S5401 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (6,077 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-102. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-102 concerning the Department of the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of the Netherlands for defense articles and services estimated to cost $294 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Notice of Proposed Issuance Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of The Netherlands. (ii) Total Estimated Value: Major Defense Equipment * $255 million. Other $39 million. Total $294 million. (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase: Major Defense Equipment (MDE): Sixteen (16) OT-228/U Common Infrared Countermeasure systems. Thirty-eight (38) AN/APR-39E(V)2 Radar Warning Receivers. Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: U.S. Government technical assistance with incidental travel; transportation; technical data and reports; ancillary items; nonrecurring engineering; site surveys; new equipment training; and other related elements of logistics and program support. (iv) Military Department: Army (NE-B-YCV). (v) Prior Related Cases, if any: NE-B-WKX. (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time. (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex. (vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: October 19, 2026. * As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act. The Government of the Netherlands has requested to buy sixteen (16) OT-228/U Common Infrared Countermeasure systems; and thirty-eight (38) AN/APR-39E(V)2 Radar Warning Receivers. The following non-MDE items will also be included: U.S. Government technical assistance with incidental travel; transportation; technical data and reports; ancillary items; nonrecurring engineering; site surveys; new equipment training; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $294 million. This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a NATO ally which is an important force for political stability and economic progress in Europe. The proposed sale will modernize the Netherlands' armed forces, expand its capability to strengthen homeland defense, and deter regional threats. This enhanced capability will contribute to the Netherlands' military goals of updating capability while further enhancing interoperability with the United States and other allies. The Netherlands will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces. The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region. The principal contractor will be Northrop Grumman, located in Rolling Meadows, IL. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor. Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to The Netherlands. There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale. Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (vii) Sensitivity of Technology: 1. The Common Infrared Countermeasure (CIRCM) is the next-generation lightweight, laser-based, infrared countermeasure system for rotary-wing, tiltrotor, and small fixed-wing aircraft across the Department of War. CIRCM provides near spherical coverage of the host platform to defeat infrared-seeking threat missiles. CIRCM receives an angular bearing hand-off from the Missile Warning System (Common Missiles Warning System or Limited Interim Missile Warning System) and employs a pointing and tracking system that acquires and tracks the incoming missile. CIRCM jams the missile by using modulated laser energy, thus degrading the tracking capability of the missile and causing it to miss the aircraft. 2. The AN/APR-39E(V)2 Radar Warning Receiver is a radar threat detection system that passively detects, categorizes, and prioritizes radio frequency threats to aircraft, and then provides an audio/visual cue to aircrew. The AN/APR-39E(V)2 provides a hIlly digital capability to enhance threat discrimination in the millimeter wave band and increases overall system performance against frequency-agile radio frequency and active electronically scanned array threat radars. 3. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET. 4. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities. 5. A determination has been made that the Netherlands can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification. 6. All defense articles, technical data, and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of The Netherlands.

Arms Sales Notification

Pages S5401–S5402 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (3,031 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-1M. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-1M. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1) AECA certification 23-17 of February 28, 2023. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology or Capability (Sec. 36(B)(5)(C), AECA) (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of the United Kingdom. (ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 23-17; Date: February 28, 2023; Implementing Agency: Army. (iii) Description: On February 28, 2023, Congress was notified by Congressional certification transmittal number 23-17 of the possible sale, under Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, up to six hundred (600) Javelin FGM-148F missiles (includes twelve (12) fly-to-buy missiles). Also included were U.S. Government technical assistance and other related elements of logistics and program support. The total estimated program cost was $125.13 million. Major Defense Equipment (MDE) constituted $125 million of this total. This transmittal notifies the inclusion of the following MDE items: up to two thousand nine hundred (2,900) Javelin FGM-148F missiles (includes twenty-five (25) fly-to-buy missiles). The following non-MDE items will also be included: U.S. Government technical assistance and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total value of new items is $735.5 million. The estimated MDE value will increase by $732.8 million to a revised $857.8 million. The estimated non-MDE value will increase by $2.7 million to a revised $2.83 million. The estimated total case value will increase by 735.5 million to a revised $860.63 million. (iv) Significance: This notification accounts for requested additional MDE and non-MDE items not included in the original notification. The inclusion of this MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. The proposed articles and services will support the United Kingdom's capability to provide national defense and contribute to NATO and coalition operations. (v) Justification: This proposed sale will support the foreign policy goals and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a NATO Ally that is a force for political stability and economic progress in Europe. (vi) Sensitivity of Technology: The Sensitivity of Technology statement contained in the original notification applies to items reported here. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET. (vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: October 19, 2026.

Arms Sales Notification

Page S5402 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (6,292 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-95. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-95 concerning the Navy's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Jordan for defense articles and services estimated to cost $100 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Notice of Proposed Issuance Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Jordan. (ii) Total Estimated Value: Major Defense Equipment \*\ $80.5 million. Other $19.5 million. Total $100 million. Funding Source: Foreign Military Financing. (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase: Major Defense Equipment (MDE): Up to one thousand five hundred (1,500) WGU-59A/B or B/B Single Variant Block Upgrade (air-to-air, ground-to-air, or air-to-ground) Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System II (All-up-rounds or guidance sections). Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: launchers; Mk-152 high explosive warheads; MK66 rocket motors; proximity fuzes; WTU-1/B practice warheads; inert MK66 rocket motors; support equipment; publications and technical documentation; transportation; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, training, and logistical support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. (iv) Military Department: Navy (JO-P-AAT). (v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None. (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time. (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex. (viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: October 30, 2026. \*\ As defined in Section 47 (6) of the Arms Export Control Act. Jordan--Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS) II The Government of Jordan has requested to buy up to one thousand five hundred (1,500) WGU-59A/B or B/B Single Variant Block Upgrade (air-to-air, ground-to-air, or air-to-ground) Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System II (All-up-rounds or guidance sections). The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: launchers; Mk-152 high explosive warheads; MK66 rocket motors; proximity fuzes; WTU-1/B practice warheads; inert MK66 rocket motors; support equipment; publications and technical documentation; transportation; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, training, and logistical support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $100 million. This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by helping to improve the security of a Major Non-NATO Ally that is an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East. The proposed sale will improve Jordan's capability to meet current and future threats by providing enhancement to its air defense capability in support of the Middle East Air Defense pillar of the Regional Security Construct. The acquisition of additional APKWS II guided rockets will increase Jordan's capacity to defend itself, allow for the reduction of sustained U.S. support over time, and provide increased security for U.S. military assets stationed in Jordan. Jordan will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces. The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region. The principal contractor will be BAE Systems, Inc., located in Nashua, NH. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor. Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Jordan, only additional periodic participation in program and technical reviews and training and maintenance support. There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale. Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (vii) Sensitivity of Technology: 1. The Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II (APKWS-II) All-up-rounds is a low cost air-to-air, air-to-ground, and ground-to-air system that consists of an APKWS-II guidance section, legacy 2.75-inch MK66 Mod 4 rocket motor, and legacy MK152 and MK435/436 warhead/fuze. The APKWS-II is a tactical rocket system that can be launched from several platforms, offering multi-mission, multitarget capability, and precision-strike lethality. These guided rockets are steered to the target by following reflected laser beam energy directed onto the target either by the launching aircraft, a second aircraft, or ground-based troops operating a laser designator. 2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET. 3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities. 4. A determination has been made that Jordan can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification. 5. All defense articles, technical data, and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of Jordan.

Arms Sales Notification

Pages S5402–S5403 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (4,798 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-113. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-113 concerning the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Ukraine for defense articles and services estimated to cost $2.1 billion. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Ukraine. (ii) Total Estimated Value: Major Defense Equipment \*\ $2.05 billion. Other $0.05 billion. Total $2.10 billion. Funding Source: JUMPSTART Funds from Canada, Germany, and Norway; National Funds, including funding made available via the Ukraine Support Loan (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase: Major Defense Equipment (MDE): Five hundred (500) PATRIOT Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) Missile Segment Enhancement (MSE) missiles. Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: PAC-3 MSE classified and unclassified spare parts; and other related elements of logistics and program support. (iv) Military Department: Army (UP-B-UDI; JU-B-UAH). (v) Prior Related Cases, if any: UP-B-UDC. (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time. (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex. (viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: October 30, 2026. \*\ As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act. The Government of Ukraine has requested to buy five hundred (500) PATRIOT Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) Missile Segment Enhancement (MSE) missiles. The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: PAC-3 MSE classified and unclassified spare parts; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $2.10 billion. This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a partner country. The proposed sale will improve Ukraine's capability to meet current and future threats by improving its integrated air and missile defense capabilities. This proposed sale will sustain existing PATRIOT system operations against ongoing aerial threats. Ukraine will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces. The principal contractor will be Lockheed Martin, located in Bethesda, MD. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor. Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Ukraine. There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale. Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (vii) Sensitivity of Technology: 1. The PATRIOT air defense system represents a critical technological advantage over global surface-to-air missile competitors. Its primary sensitivity lies in the proprietary design, development, and manufacturing know-how of its core components. Protecting this underlying design and production data is paramount to preserving the system's operational superiority. 2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET. 3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities. 4. A determination has been made that Ukraine can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification. 5. All defense articles, technical data, and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of Ukraine.

Arms Sales Notification

Pages S5403–S5404 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

Text printed in the Record (6,556 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State. Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-104. Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-104 concerning the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Mexico for defense articles and services estimated to cost $1.075 billion. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office. Recipients: Speaker of the House of Representatives House Committee on Foreign Affairs Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Sincerely, Notice of Proposed Issuance Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Mexico. (ii) Total Estimated Value: Major Defense Equipment $450 million. Other $625 million. Total $1.075 billion. Funding Source: National Funds. (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase: Major Defense Equipment (MDE): Eleven (11)UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters. Twenty-seven (27) T700-GE-701D engines. Twenty-seven (27) EAGLE-M+429 Embedded Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation Systems. Twenty-seven (27) AN/ARC-231A RT-1987 Very High Frequency (VHF)/Ultra High Frequency/line-of-sight satellite communication radios. Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: APX-128 identification friend or foe (IFF) transponder; AN/ PYQ-10 Simple Key Loader; KIV-79 common IFF cryptographic applique computers; AN/ARN-147(V) VHF omni-directional range/ instrument landing system receiver radio; AN/ARN 149(V) low frequency/automatic direction finder radio receiver; AN/ARN-153 tactical air navigation system receiver transmitter; RACC-209 radar altimeter; AN/ARC-220 high frequency radio; AN/AVS-6 night vision goggles; EBC-406HM emergency locator transmitter; RDR-7000 color weather radar; MX-10D electro-optical/infrared with laser designator, illuminator, pointer/ range finder/cabin viewer; engine inlet barrier filters; ballistic armor protection systems; internal auxiliary fuel tank systems; fast rope insertion extraction system; airframe mounted rescue hoist; rescue hoist equipment sets; country unique instrument panel; cockpit multi-function display; Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System I; upturned exhaust system; M-134 machine gun; helmets; transportation; organizational equipment; spare and repair parts; support equipment; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. (iv) Military Department: Army (MX-B-UFS). (v) Prior Related Cases, if any: MX-B-UES; MX-B-UFJ. (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time. (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex. (vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: November 5, 2026. * As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act. The Government of Mexico has requested to buy eleven (11)UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters; twenty-seven (27) T700-GE-70ID engines; twenty-seven (27) EAGLE-M+429 Embedded Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation Systems; and twenty-seven (27) AN/ARC-231A RT-1987 Very High Frequency (VHF)/ Ultra High Frequency/line-of-sight satellite communication radios. The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: APX-128 identification friend or foe (IFF) transponder; AN/PYQ-10 Simple Key Loader; KIV-79 common IFF cryptographic applique computers; AN/ARN-147(V) VHF omni-directional range/instrument landing system receiver radio; AN/ARN 149(V) low frequency/automatic direction finder radio receiver; AN/ARN-153 tactical air navigation system receiver transmitter; RACC-209 radar altimeter; AN/ARC-220 high frequency radio; AN/AVS-6 night vision goggles; EBC-406HM emergency locator transmitter; RDR-7000 color weather radar; MX-lOD electro-optical/infrared with laser designator, illuminator, pointer/range finder/cabin viewer; engine inlet barrier filters; ballistic armor protection systems; internal auxiliary fuel tank systems; fast rope insertion extraction system; airframe mounted rescue hoist; rescue hoist equipment sets: country unique instrument panel; cockpit multi-function display; Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System I; upturned exhaust system; M-134 machine gun; helmets; transportation; organizational equipment; spare and repair parts; support equipment; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $1.075 billion. This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of an ally that is a force for political stability and economic progress in North America. The proposed sale will assist with the modernization of Mexico's rotary-wing fleet and increase efficiency by consolidating helicopter types and expanding the existing UH-60M fleet. In addition, the procurement will reinforce U.S.-Mexico bilateral relations and strengthen Mexico's capability to provide in-country airlift support for its forces engaged in counter-drug operations. Mexico will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces. The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region. The principal contractor will be Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company, located in Stratford, CT. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor. Implementation of this proposed sale will require fifteen (15) additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to travel to Mexico for an extended period for equipment de-processing and fielding, system checkout, training, and technical and logistics support. There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.

Tribute to Dr. Tucker Patterson

Page S5404 · Official text

John Boozman (R-AR)

Madam President, I rise today to recognize Dr. Tucker Patterson upon his retirement as Director of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) in Jefferson, AR, and congratulate him on his distinguished career of public service. For more than three decades, Dr. Patterson has worked to advance scientific understanding, protect public health and serve others. He first joined the FDA in 1992 as an ORISE fellow at NCTR. After spending 3 years with the State of Arkansas, he returned to NCTR in 2001 as a research biologist and steadily advanced through positions of increasing leadership and responsibility. He was appointed deputy director for research in 2020 and has served as Center Director since March 2022, providing steady leadership and helping advance NCTR's important mission. Throughout his career, Dr. Patterson has made significant contributions to the field of toxicology. The research he conducted in neuroscience and neurotoxicology has helped address complex scientific challenges and strengthened the FDA's ability to evaluate the safety of regulated products. His contributions have earned recognition from FDA leadership, including for his work with the Pediatric Anesthesia Research Group, the Commissioner's Fellowship Program Evaluation Group and the FDA One Health initiative. With more than 140 scientific publications to his credit, Dr. Patterson has made a lasting impact on the scientific community. Beyond his work at NCTR, Dr. Patterson has played an important role in advancing international collaboration through the Global Coalition for Regulatory Science Research and the Global Summit on Regulatory Science. Most recently, he served as chairman of the FDA-led international consortium focused on applying emerging technologies and big data to strengthen regulatory science and food and drug safety. Just as important as his professional accomplishments is Dr. Patterson's commitment to giving back. He has volunteered his expertise on medical missions to underserved communities around the world, helping provide vision screenings and eyeglasses to those in need. Here at home, he has supported the next generation of Natural State scientists through his involvement with the Arkansas Research Alliance, mentoring young professionals and helping them pursue opportunities in scientific research. Dr. Patterson has built a career that reflects hard work, dedication, and a commitment to serving others. His leadership has served an important institution in Arkansas incredibly well, advanced scientific inquiry, and inspired those who have had the opportunity to work alongside him. We are fortunate to have someone of his caliber contributing to our State and making a difference across the Nation. On behalf of the people of Arkansas, I congratulate Dr. Tucker Patterson on his retirement and thank him for his more than 30 years of public service. I wish him and his family all the best in this well-deserved next chapter.

100th Anniversary of Homewood, Alabama

Pages S5404–S5405 · Official text

Katie Boyd Britt (R-AL)

Madam President, I rise today to recognize the city of Homewood, AL, as it celebrates its 100th anniversary on October 29, 2026. For a century, Homewood has exemplified the spirit of community, civic pride, and local leadership that makes Alabama such a special place to call home. This centennial is an opportunity to celebrate not only the city's history, but also the generations of people whose dedication, hard work, and vision have shaped Homewood into the thriving city it is today. Homewood's story began on October 29, 1926, when the communities of Edgewood, Rosedale, and Grove Park came together to form a new city in Shades Valley, just south of Red Mountain and neighboring Birmingham. Their decision reflected a shared commitment to building a community that could serve its residents and provide a strong foundation for future generations. Over the decades, Homewood has grown and evolved while maintaining the distinct character that makes it such a treasured part of the Birmingham metropolitan area. The city's neighborhoods, local businesses, parks, and public spaces reflect a deep sense of belonging and a commitment to preserving the qualities that make a community feel like home. Education has been an important part of that legacy. In 1970, Homewood established its own independent school system, demonstrating the community's commitment to investing in its children. Today, Homewood's schools continue to play an essential role in preparing the next generation for success and giving them the tools to succeed and achieve their American dream. As we celebrate this milestone, we recognize that a city's legacy is measured not simply by years, but also by the people who give it meaning. We honor the founders who envisioned Homewood a century ago, the generations who built and sustained it, and the residents, educators, public servants, business owners, first responders, and leaders who continue to contribute to its success. I also rise to recognize the importance of preserving Homewood's history while embracing the opportunities and responsibilities that lie ahead. The next century will bring new challenges and new possibilities, and the same community spirit that guided Homewood's founding will remain essential to its future. As its residents gather to commemorate 100 years, I am proud to join them in celebrating a storied history and looking forward to the next century of progress. I am honored to recognize the city of Homewood, AL, as it celebrates a century of community, opportunity, and history. May the city of Homewood continue to prosper, may its neighborhoods remain places of connection and opportunity, and may the next 100 years bring continued growth, enduring friendships, and new achievements that take this remarkable city to even greater heights.

Remembering Hilmer "Paul" Hermann, Jr.

Page S5405 · Official text

Bill Cassidy (R-LA)

Madam President, I rise to pay tribute to Hilmer Hermann, Jr., known to his family, friends, and colleagues as Paul. Of all the people my staff and I have worked with during my time in the U.S. Senate, I can think of few others who were as generous, thorough, and patriotic as Paul. He was born in New Orleans on December 28, 1956, and passed away on September 23, 2026. The first thing to know about Paul is that he was a veteran. He signed up for the U.S. Air Force in 1976 and became a logistics manager supporting the Air Force's Deputy Commander of Resources. He served for nearly 17 years until taking medical retirement in 1993. Upon retirement from the Air Force, Paul already devoted a substantial portion of his life to serving our country. He could have ended his public service there. However, he became involved with Disabled American Veterans after one of their representatives successfully helped him file a disability claim with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Paul believed in paying it forward and so began working professionally for DAV. During his employment with DAV, he worked as a national service officer and later as their supervisor in New Orleans from 2002 to 2007. In this work, he helped other veterans and their families receive the benefits they earned from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. This included helping veterans facing desperate circumstances before, during, and after Hurricane Katrina. He also spent time in Nashville working for DAV, including as acting supervisor for their office there. Despite retiring in 2009, Paul continued to serve veterans, including as Louisiana department commander and later department adjutant for DAV. This is when my staff and I became acquainted with Paul and his passion for veterans. My casework team is committed to helping veterans but relies on community partners to help veterans fill out VA disability claims and applications for other forms of assistance. Paul was available whenever our team needed to connect a veteran with someone who could help them file for assistance from the VA. In one case, my veterans' outreach coordinator was meeting with a veteran in my office who needed assistance with the VA. During that meeting, Paul called him about an unrelated matter. When informed about the veteran in my office, Paul spoke with her and offered to help her. In another case, a veteran who was clearly struggling with trauma visited my office requesting help with the VA. When my staff asked Paul to assist him with a disability claim, Paul quickly reached out. Communicating with this veteran was not easy, but Paul committed to helping him. Whenever there was a veterans' event or resource fair that would benefit from my office's presence, Paul let us know about it. Additionally, when advocating for his fellow veterans, he was respectful of me and my team but assertive in his requests. During a 2025 field hearing of the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs that I convened on improving mental health care for veterans, Paul delivered some of the hearing's most powerful testimony. He spoke knowledgeably about turnover among VA mental health providers, the lack of mental health care services for veterans in rural communities, and the need for suicide prevention and trauma-informed care training for providers who serve veterans. He also proposed practical solutions which demonstrated a deep understanding of the problems and his determination to solve them. When Paul was stationed at Charleston Air Force Base in South Carolina, he married Joan Gondron. Together they raised two children Paul and Jean-Edward and were blessed with six grandchildren. I extend my deepest condolences to Joan, their children and grandchildren, and everyone who knew and loved Paul. They can take pride in the legacy he leaves behind and in his impact on the lives of so many veterans. We rely upon unsung heroes who avoid public attention but steadfastly serve their neighbors for decades. They make it easier to provide for those who need a helping hand, including our veterans. Paul was one of those heroes. At our field hearing, Paul said that veterans need to know they matter and that they are not just numbers. He devoted his life to that cause, helping countless veterans and their families. Our community and our country are better because of Paul. I honor Paul Hermann for his extraordinary commitment to our country and his fellow veterans. May his example inspire others to serve those who have served us.

Tribute to Benjamin Pineiro

Page S5405 · Official text

Margaret Wood Hassan (D-NH)

Madam President, I am honored to recognize Benjamin Pineiro of Salem as October's Granite Stater of the Month for his efforts to spread kindness and make a meaningful difference in the lives of others while working at ScrubaDub. When Benjamin began working at ScrubaDub, a car wash in Salem, he wanted to find a way to brighten customers' days. He thought back to his grandfather, who used to make him smile by drawing cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse. Hoping to do the same for others, Benjamin spent 3 months perfecting his own Mickey Mouse drawing before he began drawing the character on customers' windows as they entered the car wash. Through a simple act of creativity and kindness, Benjamin showed that a car wash doesn't have to be an ordinary thing; he found ways to help children who were running an errand with their parents have a bit more fun. Whether greeting regular visitors, striking up conversations, or drawing beloved cartoon characters on car windows, Benjamin went out of his way to make every customer feel welcome and appreciated. Benjamin understands that even the smallest of gestures can make a meaningful difference in someone's day. Over the years, he formed special relationships with customers, including a young boy and his mother who visited the car wash regularly. Benjamin's drawings and friendly greetings became a highlight of their visits, and he was deeply moved to learn how much his kindness meant to the family. For Benjamin, these interactions were about more than making customers smile. He recognized that everyone faces challenges, and he hoped that even a brief moment of kindness could make someone's day a little easier. Benjamin has since left ScrubaDub to pursue his passion for music. He now works one-on-one with children as a drum instructor, helping them develop their musical abilities, build confidence, and express their creativity. He brings the same compassion and enthusiasm to his lessons that he brought to the car wash, creating a welcoming environment where his students feel supported and encouraged. From making drawings at ScrubaDub to the way he approaches teaching music, Benjamin has shown that even the smallest acts of kindness can have a lasting impact. His commitment to finding ways to brighten the lives of those around him is why I am proud to name him October's Granite Stater of the Month.

Tribute to Tim Gatz

Pages S5405–S5406 · Official text

James Lankford (R-OK)

Madam President, I rise today to honor the retirement announcement of Tim Gatz as the Oklahoma Secretary of Transportation and executive director of the Oklahoma Department of Transportation, ODOT. Tim has been the lead expert on transportation in Oklahoma for years and has garnered national honors and respect from his many peers and colleagues. Under his leadership, Oklahoma's transportation system has improved drastically, and millions of Oklahomans benefited from his extensive career as a public servant. A native Oklahoman, Tim graduated from Oklahoma State University in 1989 with a degree in landscape architecture. Upon graduation, Tim began his career at ODOT in 1990 as a drafting technician, and what began as an entry level position transformed into a tremendous career of public service. Tim worked at ODOT his entire professional career and displayed his passion for transportation, his leadership ability, and his hard work and dedication to the people of Oklahoma. Tim Gatz was appointed as executive director of the Oklahoma Department of Transportation, ODOT, and secretary of transportation in 2019 and was subsequently reappointed in 2024. Prior to these roles, Tim served as the executive director of the Oklahoma Turnpike Authority, deputy director of ODOT, director of administration at ODOT, and director of capital programs. His career spanned 6 Governors, 19 different State legislatures, and 6 prior ODOT directors. He has been a trusted adviser to numerous Federal, State, and local officials. He even testified before the Senate Environment and Public Works Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee in May 2017. In his 37 years at ODOT, Tim worked on countless transportation projects that have contributed to the State's highway system, railroads, and waterways. Among his accomplishments, Tim helped lead the State from 49th in the Nation for bridge conditions in 2004 to 4th in the Nation in 2025. He was instrumental in the development of ODOT's 8-Year construction work plan and is credited with streamlining many project delivery processes at ODOT during his transportation career. Tim is a registered professional landscape architect and has received several honors throughout his career, including the Governor's Public Service Award and the Federal Highway Administration's Partners in Quality Award. He has been actively involved in several national and State commissions and associations, including the United States and State of Oklahoma Route 66 Centennial Commissions, the International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association, and the American Society of Landscape Architects. He is also a member of the board of directors of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials where he serves as chairman of the committee on funding and finance. Tim's leadership in transportation will be sorely missed by future generations of Oklahomans. Transportation projects can often be a slow, turtle-paced process that can be frustrating for the traveling public. However, infrastructure is one of the few government functions that can be seen directly and is the first impression for most Americans. Tim has done a tremendous job serving the people of Oklahoma by transforming the State's transportation network. Oklahoma's highways, railroads, and waterways are better today because of Tim Gatz. Tim currently resides in El Reno, OK, with his wife Sandy. They have two sons--Dillon, and spouse Meagan, Trace, and spouse Rachel--as well as four grandchildren and twins on the way. He is looking forward to spending more time with family and working on projects around the house. Tim, thank you for your leadership and friendship.

Tribute to Isaac Belden

Page S5406 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, the Gem State is made strong by the hard-working, dedicated, and selfless actions of Idahoans. Across our State, hundreds of thousands of veterans, first responders, volunteers, and public servants go above and beyond for the communities they call home. These people are pillars of our State and are essential to keeping Idaho the best place to live, work, and raise a family. Through my Idaho Service Spotlight, I recognize these exceptional Idahoans whose service and leadership have made a lasting impact on the Gem State. Today, I am pleased to recognize Isaac Belden as an Idaho Service Spotlight recipient for the Month of October 2026. Isaac served 12 years as a combat engineer in the Idaho Army National Guard, including a deployment to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Isaac's service shaped his leadership style, instilling in him a strong sense of discipline, accountability, and a relentless focus on the mission at hand. After retiring from the military, Isaac, like many veterans, found himself missing the structure, brotherhood, and sense of purpose that had defined his identity. Isaac's path led him to discover a new purpose in business and entrepreneurship. He quickly recognized the large number of veterans who faced similar struggles following military service. That realization inspired Isaac to create his nonprofit, the Veteran Entrepreneur Alliance, in 2019. The Veteran Entrepreneur Alliance is dedicated to helping veterans and military spouses navigate their return to civilian life and offer assistance in their entrepreneurial endeavors. Recognizing that many veterans have a vision but may not have access to the necessary resources to make that vision a reality, Isaac works to fill that gap. Under his leadership, VEA has grown into a statewide organization that provides veterans and military spouses with business education, mentorship, and resources at no cost. Since its founding, VEA has served more than 1,500 veterans across the Gem State, helping to launch more than 700 veteran-owned small businesses. Isaac's dedicated work through the Veteran Entrepreneur Alliance is a continuation of his life's mission of serving others. On behalf of the people of Idaho, I thank and congratulate Isaac for being selected as an Idaho Service Spotlight recipient for the Month of October 2026. You reflect the very best of our State, and Idaho is stronger because of your actions.

Tribute to Jacque Burt

Pages S5406–S5407 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, the Gem State is made strong by the hard-working, dedicated, and selfless actions of Idahoans. Across our State, hundreds of thousands of veterans, first responders, volunteers, and public servants go above and beyond for the communities they call home. These people are pillars of our State and are essential to keeping Idaho the best place to live, work, and raise a family. Through my Idaho Service Spotlight, I recognize these exceptional Idahoans whose service and leadership have made a lasting impact on the Gem State. Today, I am pleased to recognize Jacque Burt as an Idaho Service Spotlight recipient for the Month of October 2026. For more than two decades, Jacque has dedicated her life to serving children and families in foster care. Her journey began in 2000, when she became a foster parent. For more than 17 years, she welcomed infants, teenagers, siblings, and children from all paths of life into her home. Along the way, Jacque adopted children of her own from foster care and found great joy in helping children and families successfully reunify. Jacque's journey as a foster mother eventually led her to the Idaho Foster & Adoptive Parent Association, where she currently serves as president. In January 2020, Jacque started The Village, a foster care closet in Blackfoot that initially served 10 children each month. With a small grant, a handful of volunteers, and a belief that children entering foster care deserve more, The Village grew into a regional hub for foster families across 16 counties in southeast Idaho. Today, The Village serves 125 children each month, from newborns to young adults. Jacque's focus is centered on easing the trauma children in foster care can experience, building their self-esteem, and surrounding them with love. During her time as a foster mother, Jacque witnessed the significant impact unfamiliar environments had on a child in foster care. She also noticed the tremendous difference between receiving hand-me-downs and giving a child the opportunity to choose something for themselves. At The Village, children are encouraged to do just that by selecting the clothing, toys, and personal items they would enjoy the most and taking them home. The Village runs entirely on volunteers and community support, ensuring children can shop at no cost to families or caregivers. This year, The Village relocated to a larger facility, allowing it to expand its services with private dressing rooms, a formalwear and prom section, and birthday resources. In this new facility, Jacque has helped start the Southeast Idaho Kinship Support Group to provide community and resources for grandparents or family members who are raising children without the child's parents. The Village's mission is also growing. Soon, Jacque and the team will offer resources to support young people preparing to age out of foster care and take the next step toward adulthood. On behalf of the people of Idaho, I thank and congratulate Jacque for being selected as an Idaho Service Spotlight recipient for the Month of October 2026. You reflect the very best of our State, and Idaho is stronger because of your actions.

Tribute to Mike Thomason

Page S5407 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, I rise today to recognize Mike Thomason, a remarkable Idahoan whose dedication to his community has made a significant impact on the Northwest. As Mike enters a well-deserved retirement, I extend my sincere gratitude for his strong leadership as commissioner for the Port of Lewiston and congratulate him on a lifetime of faithful service. Mike began his career in the electric and natural gas industry in 1978. For 33 years, he helped Avista, a leading supplier of energy to the region, power local businesses and households. Mike worked his way up the ladder and served in a variety of roles, from government relations to strategic corporate philanthropy, before retiring in March 2011. Retirement, however, did not last long. In January 2013, he was appointed as a commissioner of the Port of Lewiston. As commissioner, Mike played an important role in advancing economic development in the Lewis-Clark Valley. His focus on attracting businesses, creating jobs, and bringing the first passenger cruise line to Idaho, has left an enduring mark on the Gem State's only seaport. Mike's work to promote the Port and the Lewis-Clark Valley community was far-reaching. In addition to his duties as commissioner, he has served on the boards of the Lewis-Clark Chamber of Commerce, St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, and Valley Vision. As Mike enters this next chapter, his leadership, care, and dedication will continue to shape the future of the Lewis-Clark Valley for many years to come. Today, I join many Idahoans in extending my deepest appreciation to Mike Thomason for his many years of devoted service.

Recognizing Blackhawk Bbq Pit

Page S5407 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, Idaho's veterans made great sacrifices for our freedoms, and we owe them our immense gratitude. Many who returned from service continue to be mission-driven, highly skilled, dedicated to success, and have opened small businesses vital to the Gem State. This month, I am proud to recognize the veteran-owned small businesses that make Idaho's communities and our economy thrive. As a member and former chairman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, I am pleased to honor Blackhawk BBQ Pit in Blackfoot as one of Idaho's Small Businesses of the Month for November 2026. A Blackfoot native, Nic Transtrum enlisted in the U.S. Army January 2001, becoming a UH-60 Blackhawk mechanic and crew chief. Following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, Nic Transtrum's commitment to defend our great Nation and serve grew even stronger as he was accepted to flight school, became a warrant officer, and flew 79 combat missions during his deployment to Iraq. As a pilot, Nic carried a strong sense of responsibility for his aircraft, his crew, his mission, the soldiers counting on him, and for the freedoms of every American citizen. That duty left a lasting impact on Nic. After a hard landing near the end of his deployment, Nic suffered from serious spinal injuries that permanently grounded him, and he was medically retired from the Army in 2008. In 2019, Nic bought a barbeque trailer and launched Blackhawk BBQ Pit to introduce Southern mobile barbecue culture to eastern Idaho. The trailer, originally purchased to work a few summer events, quickly became a multi-faceted operation, including catering, a brick-and-mortar restaurant, and expanding into Utah. As Blackhawk BBQ Pit grew, Nic felt many of the aspects of the military he had been missing return: mission, teamwork, family, service, and a connection to the freedoms he had once served to protect. While his once little family venture has become a thriving business, Nic maintains the same values. He coined the motto: "LIVE FREE. EAT BBQ." This statement reflects not only how customers are meant to enjoy Blackhawk's food but is also ingrained in the business culture. Blackhawk BBQ Pit proudly employs veterans, who bring a strong commitment to country and service, and Nic actively works to honor veterans, first responders, and police throughout the community. Thank you, Nic Transtrum, for your service to our country, and congratulations to Blackhawk BBQ Pit for being selected as an Idaho Small Business of the Month for November 2026. You are an outstanding example of the immeasurable impact veterans have in communities across Idaho and the U.S. You make the Gem State proud, and I look forward to your continued success.

Recognizing Browning's Honey

Page S5407 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, as a member and former chairman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, each month I recognize and celebrate the American entrepreneurial spirit by highlighting the success of a small business in my home State of Idaho. Today, I am proud to honor Browning's Honey in Idaho Falls as the Idaho Small Business of the Month for October 2026. Established in 1921, Browning's Honey is a fifth-generation family business settled deep in the Idaho Falls community. For more than a century, the Browning family has remained committed to beekeeping, honey production, and agricultural pollination. Through their quality and innovation, the family has raised healthy bees, run productive farms, and built a beloved local business. Today, Merle, Tom, James, and Zac Browning own the business. Their hard work has earned Browning's Honey a positive reputation beyond Idaho. As the business has grown, the Brownings have maintained their values of caring for bees, responsible stewardship, and pride in their high-grade honey. What began as an apiary expanded into a thriving business, with a gift shop offering honey, natural skincare products, artisan foods, and more. Known as the "Best Little Boutique in Idaho Falls," Browning's Honey has become a staple of eastern Idaho and a reflection of the family businesses that built our State. Beyond honey, the Brownings invest in research to improve honey bee health and strengthen the long-term sustainability of beekeeping and agriculture. They also cofounded the Bee & Butterfly Habitat Fund and Project Apis to establish and support habitats for essential pollinators like honey bees and butterflies. Through educational visits and community events at their Idaho locations, the Browning family continues to teach Idahoans about the vital role honey bees play in agriculture and how we can help them thrive. Congratulations to the Browning's Honey team on being recognized as the Idaho Small Business of the Month for October 2026. Your dedication to excellence makes Idaho proud, and I look forward to your continued growth and success.

Recognizing Bunker Baits

Pages S5407–S5408 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, Idaho's veterans made great sacrifices for our freedoms, and we owe them our immense gratitude. Many who returned from service continue to be mission-driven, highly skilled, dedicated to success, and have opened small businesses vital to the Gem State. This month, I am proud to recognize the veteran-owned small businesses that make Idaho's communities and our economy thrive. As a member and former chairman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, I am pleased to honor Bunker Baits in Kuna as one of Idaho's Small Businesses of the Month for November 2026. Andrew Myers proudly served our Nation for 13 years as a U.S. Army airborne infantryman, deploying to Iraq and Afghanistan before serving at the Joint Readiness Training Center at Fort Polk. After his medical retirement, as Andrew recovered from spinal surgery, a friend introduced him to making fishing baits as a creative outlet and a therapeutic way to find purpose in his next chapter. In 2021, Andrew turned that passion into Bunker Baits. A one-man operation run out of Andrew's garage, known as The Bunker, Bunker Baits manufactures soft plastic lures for bass fishing. Andrew started the business as an offshoot of his YouTube channel, Vet Bros Fishing, which he launched with his brother in 2019. Andrew's goal in growing his business is to provide high-quality, handmade baits for anglers and serve the veteran community. While transitioning to civilian life, Andrew found tranquility in the process of making baits, and he believes other veterans could experience the same benefits. His vision is to build a brotherhood and inspire employment opportunities for fellow veterans. Andrew hopes to move to a larger facility soon, allowing Bunker Baits to hire and mentor more veterans and help them build successful lives beyond military service. Thank you, Andrew Myers, for your service to our country, and congratulations to Bunker Baits for being selected as an Idaho Small Business of the Month for November 2026. You are an outstanding example of the immeasurable impact veterans have in communities across Idaho and the U.S. You make the Gem State proud, and I look forward to your continued success.

Recognizing Hart Whole Home Discount Store

Page S5408 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, Idaho's veterans made great sacrifices for our freedoms, and we owe them our immense gratitude. Many who returned from service continue to be mission-driven, highly skilled, dedicated to success, and have opened small businesses vital to the Gem State. This month, I am proud to recognize the veteran-owned small businesses that make Idaho's communities and our economy thrive. As a member and former chairman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, I am pleased to honor Hart Whole Home in Twin Falls as one of Idaho's Small Businesses of the Month for November 2026. Jon Leninger joined the U.S. Army in 2008 and graduated from basic training on the honor list. During his nearly 9 years of service, Jon rose to the rank of sergeant and earned numerous medals. While deployed to Afghanistan, he also helped train soldiers in weapons systems, communications, and hand-to-hand combat. After 8 years and 10 months of service, Jon medically retired as a disabled veteran. Following his time in the military, Jon moved to the Magic Valley and worked as a cement truck driver. When his wife approached him with the idea of opening a family-run antique store, Jon jumped at the opportunity to spending more time with his family. In 2021, the Leningers opened Acquired Treasures in Kimberly. After 3 years, Jon expanded beyond antiques and collectibles to include furniture and household goods and moved to a larger storefront in Twin Falls. With this, Acquired Treasures rebranded to become the Hart Whole Home Discount Store, named for their youngest daughter Torryn Hart. For the Leningers, Hart Whole Home is about more than helping customers furnish their homes; it is an opportunity to give back to the Magic Valley community. Hart Whole Home regularly supports local causes and nonprofits, including the Sportsman for Fish and Wildlife, the Brotherhood of the 5th annual spaghetti dinner, Empty Bowl fundraisers, the Amazing Grace Cowpie event, as well as benefits for local schools. Thank you, Jon Leiniger and the Leiniger family, for your service to our country, and congratulations to Hart Whole Home Discount Store for being selected as an Idaho Small Business of the Month for November 2026. You are an outstanding example of the immeasurable impact veterans have in communities across Idaho and the U.S. You make the Gem State proud, and I look forward to your continued success.

Recognizing Idaho Spice Company

Page S5408 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, Idaho's veterans made great sacrifices for our freedoms, and we owe them our immense gratitude. Many who returned from service continue to be mission-driven, highly skilled, dedicated to success, and have opened small businesses vital to the Gem State. This month, I am proud to recognize the veteran-owned small businesses that make Idaho's communities and our economy thrive. As a member and former chairman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, I am pleased to honor Idaho Spice Company in Caldwell as one of Idaho's Small Businesses of the Month for November 2026. Craig Smith joined the U.S. Army during the first Gulf War, where he trained as a laboratory technician. Throughout his 10 years of service, Craig earned numerous medals and awards, including the Army Commendation Medal and Good Conduct Medal. After leaving the military, Craig continued his service by working at the Boise Veterans Administration for a decade. Idaho Spice Company began around the Smith kitchen table, as Craig and his wife Katie started cooking meals in bulk as an affordable and tasty way to feed their family of eight. Craig discovered his passion for experimenting with different spices and ingredients to create delicious flavors the whole family could enjoy. As his interest in cooking grew, Craig left his job at the VA to train to be a chef. In 2019, Idaho Spice Company made its first appearance at the Caldwell Farmers Market. Originally offering six spice blends, Idaho Spice Company now has more than 30 unique blends in a variety of sizes, along with a wide selection of spices, teas, and sauces. In November 2023, the Smiths opened their first storefront in Caldwell, creating a welcoming place for the community to discover new flavors. Through hands-on classes, Idaho Spice Company helps customers learn how to use their products and feel more confident in their own kitchens. Craig and Katie place an emphasis on supporting the community that has helped build their business. Idaho Spice Company regularly participates in local fundraisers, donates food baskets and gift boxes to schools and nonprofits, and works alongside Vallivue FFA and the College of Idaho's annual Go Purple Steak Feed. Thank you, Craig Smith, for your service to our country, and congratulations to Idaho Spice Company for being selected as an Idaho Small Business of the Month for November 2026. You are an outstanding example of the immeasurable impact veterans have in communities across Idaho and the U.S. You make the Gem State proud, and I look forward to your continued success.

Recognizing J-Dog

Pages S5408–S5409 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, Idaho's veterans made great sacrifices for our freedoms, and we owe them our immense gratitude. Many who returned from service continue to be mission-driven, highly skilled, dedicated to success, and have opened small businesses vital to the Gem State. This month, I am proud to recognize the veteran-owned small businesses that make Idaho's communities and our economy thrive. As a member and former chairman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, I am pleased to honor J-Dog in Coeur d'Alene as one of Idaho's Small Businesses of the Month for November 2026. John Merwald joined the U.S. Marine Corps in 1978, serving for 10 years in the infantry and as a combat engineer across two deployments. After leaving the military, John continued his service through the Spokane Veterans Stand Down, the Department of Veterans Affairs' post-9/11 transition team, and veterans' employment programs with the Idaho and Spokane Departments of Labor. Today, he serves on the boards of the Idaho Veterans Assistance League, North Idaho Stand Down, and the Kootenai County Veterans Council. In 2020, John and his wife partnered with J-Dog Junk Removal & Hauling to expand their services into north Idaho. From commercial demolition to emergency response for fire- and water-damaged properties, John and J-Dog work to meet the needs of local communities throughout the region. J-Dog is a veteran- and military-family-owned operation. In their 6 years of business, J-Dog North Idaho has grown from employing 3 veterans to 38. John attributes their success to the team's focus on providing opportunities for veterans, military personnel, first responders, and their families. Thank you, John Merwald, for your service to our country, and congratulations to J-Dog for being selected as an Idaho Small Business of the Month for November 2026. You are an outstanding example of the immeasurable impact veterans have in communities across Idaho and the U.S. You make the Gem State proud, and I look forward to your continued success.

Recognizing the Lewiston Mill

Page S5409 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, I rise today to celebrate the Idaho Forest Group's Lewiston Mill and its 100 years of operation. Located adjacent to the Clearwater River, the Lewiston Mill has a long history of lumber production and remains a pillar of north central Idaho's economy. The Lewiston Mill is part of Idaho Forest Group, a family-founded business headquartered in Coeur d'Alene that has grown into one of the Nation's largest lumber producers. With seven sawmills and customers around North America, Idaho Forest Group produces more than 1 billion board feet each year, much of which comes from its Lewiston facility. The Lewiston Mill was one of the first large mills in the Northwest when it was built in the early 1920s. Spanning 180 acres, the sawmill has evolved alongside Idaho's timber industry. Over a 10-year period that began in 2012, the mill underwent major improvements, including two new saw lines and a log merchandising and sorting line, strengthening the facility's ability to provide high-quality Idaho lumber. Today, the mill can produce more than 300 million board feet each year. The Lewiston Mill's impact extends well beyond lumber production. It is a driver of the local economy, provides jobs, and plays a key role in North American lumber supply chains. Through an agreement with Clearwater Paper, the mill also supplies wood chips and sawdust that are vital to paper production at the Lewiston Pulp Mill. For 100 years, the Lewiston Mill has helped put Idaho timber to work. Its history is a reminder that the forest products industry remains a cornerstone of the north central Idaho economy, supporting families, rural communities, and generations of skilled Idaho workers. Congratulations to Idaho Forest Group and the Lewiston Mill on 100 years of operation. I look forward to the continued success of this essential mill and its contributions to Idaho.

Recognizing Range 208

Page S5409 · Official text

James E. Risch (R-ID)

Madam President, Idaho's veterans made great sacrifices for our freedoms, and we owe them our immense gratitude. Many who returned from service continue to be mission-driven, highly skilled, dedicated to success, and have opened small businesses vital to the Gem State. This month, I am proud to recognize the veteran-owned small businesses that make Idaho's communities and our economy thrive. As a member and former chairman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, I am pleased to honor Range 208 in Lewiston as one of Idaho's Small Businesses of the Month for November 2026. Joe Alicea enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps in April 2000, serving for 8 years and completing two deployments. His extraordinary service earned him numerous honors, including the Presidential Unit Citation, National Defense Service Medal, Combat Action Ribbon, and Rifle and Pistol Expert Badges. He served as an artillery surveyor and later to survey information chief, a position typically held by higher ranking Marines. In 2025, Joe purchased Diamondback Shooting Range and renamed it to Range 208. Tributes to Joe's service and the Armed Forces are incorporated throughout the business. Its logo honors his time in the Marine Corps, depicting the 1st Marine Division's "Blue Diamond" and the six stars of Orion's Belt and Sword. For Joe, the stars represent both his identity as a warrior and his mission of building a community of trained, responsible citizens. Range 208 is the only indoor shooting range and training academy withing 100 miles of the Lewis-Clark Valley, and Joe is proud to welcome clients of all skill levels and experiences. He offers everything from introductory courses to defensive pistol training, as well as one-on-one instruction. As a brother to four sisters and a father to three daughters, Joe is particularly committed to helping women develop the knowledge and confidence to handle firearms safely. Range 208 offers many classes designed specifically for women, which have become their largest clientele group. Joe and his team also believe strongly in giving back to their community. This October, Range 208 hosted Aim for Advocacy, a month-long target challenge competition. to find the best local shot. Proceeds raised during the event were donated to the Two Rivers United Child Advocacy Center in Lewiston, which works with local law enforcement, child protective services, prosecutors, medical professionals, and therapists to investigate reports of child abuse and support children after they have experienced violence. Thank you, Joe Alicea, for your service to our country, and congratulations to Range 208 for being selected as an Idaho Small Business of the Month for November 2026. You are an outstanding example of the immeasurable impact veterans have in communities across Idaho and the U.S. You make the Gem State proud, and I look forward to your continued success.

Messages from the President

Page S5409 · Official text

Messages from the President of the United States were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Buckner, one of his secretaries.

Executive Messages Referred

Page S5409 · Official text

As in executive session the Presiding Officer laid before the Senate messages from the President of the United States submitting sundry nominations and a withdrawal which were referred to the appropriate committees. (The messages received today are printed at the end of the Senate proceedings.)

Message from the House

Pages S5409–S5410 · Official text

At 3 p.m., a message from the House of Representatives, delivered by Mrs. Alli, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House has passed the following bills, in which it requests the concurrence of the Senate:

Text printed in the Record (1,074 characters)
H.R. 3978. An act to amend the definition of "production facility" in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 to exclude an equipment or device capable of reprocessing spent nuclear fuel in a manner that does not separate plutonium from other transuranic elements, and for other purposes. H.R. 8552. An act to increase, effective as of December 1, 2026, the rates of compensation for veterans with service-connected disabilities and the rates of dependency and indemnity compensation for the survivors of certain disabled veterans, and for other purposes. H.R. 9612. An act to amend the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 to update the licensing procedures for uranium enrichment facilities to enable the timely, safe deployment of such facilities, and for other purposes. H.R. 9613. An act to update the role of the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards in the licensing and oversight of nuclear reactor facilities, and for other purposes. H.R. 9614. An act to amend the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 to provide compensation authority for certain career appointees, and for other purposes.

The message also announced that pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 1151(a), and the order of the House of January 3, 2025, the Speaker appoints the following Member on the part of the House of Representatives to the Board of Trustees of the Congressional Office for International Leadership: Mr. Case of Hawaii. The message further announced that pursuant to 20 U.S.C. 1011c, and the order of the House of January 3, 2025, the Speaker appoints the following individuals on the part of the House of Representatives to the National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity for a term of 6 years: Upon the recommendation of the Minority Leader: Mr. Robert Shireman of Oakland, California and Ms. Dominique Baker of Wilmington, Delaware.

Measures Referred

Page S5410 · Official text

The following bills were read the first and the second times by unanimous consent, and referred as indicated:

Text printed in the Record (690 characters)
H.R. 9612. An act to amend the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 to update the licensing procedures for uranium enrichment facilities to enable the timely, safe deployment of such facilities, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. H.R. 9613. An act to update the role of the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards in the licensing and oversight of nuclear reactor facilities, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. H.R. 9614. An act to amend the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 to provide compensation authority for certain career appointees, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Measures Placed on the Calendar

Page S5410 · Official text

The following bill was read the first and second times by unanimous consent, and placed on the calendar:

Text printed in the Record (278 characters)
H.R. 3978. An act to amend the definition of "production facility" in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 to exclude an equipment or device capable of reprocessing spent nuclear fuel in a manner that does not separate plutonium from other transuranic elements, and for other purposes.

Executive and Other Communications

Pages S5410–S5412 · Official text

The following communications were laid before the Senate, together with accompanying papers, reports, and documents, and were referred as indicated:

Text printed in the Record (11,621 characters)
EC-5056. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled "Protective Services" received in the Office of the President pro tempore; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5057. A communication from the Deputy Assistant Administrator, Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Rescheduling of Food and Drug Administration Approved Products Containing Marijuana From Schedule I to Schedule II; Corresponding Change to Permit Requirements" (AG Order No. 6754-2026) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 2, 2026; to the Committee on the Judiciary. EC-5058. A communication from the Director, Administrative Office of the United States Courts, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to a compilation and summary of reports received from chief district judges detailing each public event conducted in accordance with the Pro bono Work to Empower and Represent Act of 2021's requirements during the previous fiscal year; to the Committee on the Judiciary. EC-5059. A communication from the Secretary, Judicial Conference of the United States, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled "Electronic Public Access Fee Schedule"; to the Committee on the Judiciary. EC-5060. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act, the notification of enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability (RSAT Case 26-1N); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5061. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act, the notification of enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability (RSAT Case 26-1K); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5062. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act, the notification of enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability (RSAT Case 0J-26); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5063. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled "Cuban Compliance with the Migration Accords" received in the Office of the President pro tempore; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5064. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, the Army's proposed letter(s) of offer and acceptance to the Government of the Netherlands for defense articles and services estimated to cost $924 million (RSAT Case 26-102); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5065. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act, the notification of enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability (RSAT Case 26-1M); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5066. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 3(d)(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, the certification of a proposed authorization for the re-export of major defense equipment to Ukraine in the amount of $14,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 26-094); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5067. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, the certification of a proposed license for the export of firearms, parts, and components controlled under Category I of the U.S. Munitions List to Ukraine in the amount of $1,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 26-092); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5068. A communication from the Senior Bureau Official, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled "Federal Vacancies Reform Act, changes that occurred as of October 1, 2026"; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5069. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, the Army's proposed letter(s) of offer and acceptance to the Government of Ukraine for defense articles and services estimated to cost $2.1 billion (RSAT Case 26-113); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5070. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 3(d)(3) of the Arms Export Control Act, the certification of a proposed authorization for the re-export of defense articles, including technical data, and defense services to Colombia in the amount of $14,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 26-059); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5071. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, the certification of a proposed license for the export of firearms, parts, and components controlled under Category I of the U.S. Munitions List to Qatar in the amount of $1,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 26-091); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5072. A communication from the Secretary of the Senate, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of the receipts and expenditures of the Senate for the period from April 1, 2026 through September 30, 2026, received in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 10, 2026; ordered to lie on the table EC-5073. A communication from the Senior Bureau Official, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, the certification of a proposed license for the export of defense articles, including technical data, and defense services to Norway and Ukraine in the amount of $50,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 26-067); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5074. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, the Army's proposed letter(s) of offer and acceptance to the Government of Mexico for defense articles and services estimated to cost $1.075 billion (RSAT Case 26-104); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5075. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, the certification of a proposed license amendment for the export of defense articles, including technical data, and defense services to the United Arab Emirates in the amount of $50,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 26-074); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5076. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(c) and (d) of the Arms Export Control Act, the certification of a proposed license amendment for the export of defense articles, including technical data, and defense services to Mexico in the amount of $50,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 26-080); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5077. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, the certification of a proposed license for the export of defense articles, including technical data, and defense services to Canada and Japan in the amount of $25,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 26-068); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5078. A communication from the Senior Bureau Official, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 3(d) of the Arms Export Control Act, a certification of a proposed transfer of major defense equipment to the Government of the United Kingdom with an original acquisition value of approximately $110,600,000 (RSAT Case 26-11565); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5079. A communication from the Senior Bureau Official, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to the Secretary of State's intent to designate Los Lorenzanas as a Foreign Terrorist Organization as well as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist pursuant to Executive Order 13224; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EC-5080. A communication from the Assistant Secretary for Legislation, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled "National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: 2026"; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5081. A communication from the Assistant Secretary for Legislation, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled "FY 2023 Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) Annual Report" prepared by the Administration for Children and Families (ACF); to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5082. A communication from the Assistant Secretary for Legislation, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled "Unaccompanied Alien Children Office of the Ombuds Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Inaugural Annual Report"; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5083. A communication from the Assistant General Counsel, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Interest Assumptions for Valuing Benefits" (29 CFR Part 4044) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 19, 2026; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5084. A communication from the Section Chief, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Transparency in Coverage" (RIN1545-BR51) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 19, 2026; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5085. A communication from the Regulations Coordinator, Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Health Data, Technology, and Interoperability: ONC Deregulatory Actions to Unleash Prosperity" (RIN0955-AA09) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 28, 2026; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5086. A communication from the Assistant Secretary for Legislation, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled "Fiscal Year 2025 Report to Congress on the Nurse Corps Loan Repayment and Scholarship Programs"; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5087.
Text printed in the Record (11,976 characters)
A communication from the Senior Advisor, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to a nomination for a position covered by the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 for the position of General Counsel, Office of General Counsel, Department of Health and Human Services, received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 2, 2026; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5088. A communication from the Regulations Coordinator, Office for Civil Rights, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance" (RIN0945-AA27) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 5, 2026; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5089. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department of Labor, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Improving Transparency into Pharmacy Benefit Manager Fee Disclosure" (RIN1210-AB37) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 5, 2026; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5090. A communication from the Assistant Secretary for Legislation, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled "Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program Report to Congress for Fiscal Year 2023"; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC-5091. A communication from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, a six-month periodic report on the national emergency that was declared in Executive Order 13067 with respect to Sudan; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. EC-5092. A communication from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, a six-month periodic report on the national emergency that was declared in Executive Order 12170 with respect to Iran; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. EC-5093. A communication from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, a six-month periodic report on the national emergency that was declared in Executive Order 14024 with respect to specified harmful foreign activities of the Government of the Russian Federation; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. EC-5094. A communication from the Chair and President of the Export-Import Bank, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to a transaction involving U.S. exports to Azerbaijan; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. EC-5095. A communication from the Regulatory Specialist, Chief Counsel's Office, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Implementing the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act for the Issuance of Stablecoins by Entities Subject to the Jurisdiction of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency" (RIN1557-AF41) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 28, 2026; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. EC-5096. A communication from the Secretary of the Commission, Federal Trade Commission, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Policy Statement Regarding Disparate Impact Claims and Unfair Discrimination Claims" (RIN3084-ZA01) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 2, 2026; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. EC-5097. A communication from the Assistant to the Board, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Modifications to the Capital Plan Rule and Stress Capital Buffer Requirement" (RIN7100-AG92) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 2, 2026; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. EC-5098. A communication from the Assistant to the Board, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Enhanced Transparency and Public Accountability of the Supervisory Stress Test Models and Scenarios; Modifications to the Capital Planning and Stress Capital Buffer Requirement Rule, Enhanced Prudential Standards Rule, and Regulation LL" (RIN7100-AH05) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 2, 2026; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. EC-5099. A communication from the Attorney Advisor, General Law Division, Department of Homeland Security, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to action on a nomination for a position covered by the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 for the position of Director, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Department of Homeland Security, received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 15, 2026; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5100. A communication from the Ethics Counsel, Ethics Law and Disclosure Division, Office of Government Ethics, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Post-Employment Conflict of Interest Restrictions; Revision of Departmental Component Designations" (RIN3209-AA72) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 19, 2026; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5101. A communication from the Acting Secretary of Labor, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Department of Labor's Agency Financial Report for fiscal year 2025; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5102. A communication from the Director of the Regulations and Disclosure Law Division, Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Indefinite Suspension of the De Minimis Exemption for Mail Shipments and New Postal Informal Entry Process; Delayed Compliance Extension" (RIN1685-AA45) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 22, 2026; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5103. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-425, "Fiscal Year 2026 Revised Local Budget Adjustment Temporary Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5104. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-426, "Language Access Rulemaking Authority Temporary Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5105. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-427, "Health and Human Service Programs and Benefits Eligibility and Delivery Data-Sharing Clarifications Temporary Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5106. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-428, "Omnibus Barry Farm Redevelopment Clarification Temporary Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5107. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-429, "Restoration of Covenanted Roads and Alleys by the District Government Clarification Temporary Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5108. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-430, "Net Zero Continuity Temporary Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5109. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-433, "Private Vehicle-for-Hire Operator Clarification Temporary Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5110. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-420, "Micromobility Fire Safety Standards Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5111. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-421, "Personal Delivery Device Weight Limit Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5112. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-422, "Posthumous Care Modernization Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5113. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-423, "Washington Commanders Motor Vehicle Identification Tags Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5114. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-424, "Commercial Driver's License Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5115. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-434, "Funeral Services Modernization Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5116. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-448, "Medical Cannabis Licensing and Unlicensed Establishment Enforcement Clarification Temporary Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5117. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-444, "Short-Term Disability Insurance Benefit Protection Clarification Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5118. A communication from the Senior Official Performing the Duties of Chief Financial Officer, Department of Homeland Security, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Annual Performance Report and Plan for fiscal years 2025-2027; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5119. A communication from the Treasurer of the National Gallery of Art, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Gallery's Inspector General Report for fiscal year 2026; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5120. A communication from the Ethics Counsel, Office of Government Ethics, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Executive Branch Financial Disclosure and Standards of Ethical Conduct Regulations" (5 CFR Parts 2634 and 2635) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 5, 2026; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5121.
Text printed in the Record (5,489 characters)
A communication from the Regulations Coordinator, Administration for Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Reducing Bureaucracy and Burden for Child Support Enforcement Programs" (RIN0970-AD39) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 28, 2026; to the Committee on Finance. EC-5122. A communication from the Section Chief, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Revenue Procedure 2026-20: Fixed Investment Trusts Staking Digital Assets" (Rev. Proc. 2026-20) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 19, 2026; to the Committee on Finance. EC-5123. A communication from the Section Chief, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Treasury Decision: Non-Applicability of Section 357(c) to Consolidated Groups" (RIN1545-BJ87) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 19, 2026; to the Committee on Finance. EC-5124. A communication from the Regulations Coordinator, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Medicare Program; CY 2027 Changes to the End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Prospective Payment System, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Dialysis Payment, and ESRD Quality Incentive Program" (RIN0938-AV81) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 28, 2026; to the Committee on Finance. EC-5125. A communication from the Branch Chief, Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Pleasure Vessels of Malta Entitled to a Cruising License" (RIN1651-AB68) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 28, 2026; to the Committee on Finance. EC-5126. A communication from the United States Trade Representative, transmitting, pursuant to law, a six-month periodic report on the national emergency that was declared in Executive Order 14257 with respect to regulating imports with a reciprocal tariff to rectify trade practices that contribute to large and persistent annual United States goods trade deficits; to the Committee on Finance. EC-5127. A communication from the Section Chief, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Employee Plans Compliance Resolution System" (Rev. Proc. 2026-34) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 5, 2026; to the Committee on Finance. EC-5128. A communication from the Section Chief, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "IRA Compliance Resolution System" (Rev. Proc. 2026-33) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 5, 2026; to the Committee on Finance. EC-5129. A communication from the Section Chief, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Siemens Medial Solutions, Inc. v. Comm'r, 167 T.C. No. 5 (2026)" (AOD 2026-02) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 5, 2026; to the Committee on Finance. EC-5130. A communication from the Regulations Coordinator, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Department of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Organ Procurement Organizations Conditions for Coverage: Revisions to the Conditions for Coverage" (RIN0938-AU54) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 5, 2026; to the Committee on Finance. EC-5131. A communication from the Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on D.C. Act 26-445, "Food Policy Council Procurement Amendment Act of 2026"; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. EC-5132. A communication from the Special Assistant, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Denali National Park and Preserve; Vehicle Use" (RIN1024-AF11) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on November 2, 2026; to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. EC-5133. A communication from the Director, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Department of the Interior, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing; Corrections" (RIN1010-AE39) received during adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on October 19, 2026; to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. EC-5134. A communication from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, a six-month periodic report on the national emergency that was declared in Executive Order 13694 with respect to significant malicious cyber-enabled activities; to the Committee on Foreign Relations.

Reports of Committees

Pages S5412–S5413 · Official text

The following reports of committees were submitted:

Text printed in the Record (295 characters)
By Mr. CRUZ, from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, with an amendment in the nature of a substitute: S. 1759. A bill to allow for the operation of civil supersonic flight in the national airspace system under certain conditions, and for other purposes (Rept. No. 119-160).

Executive Reports of Committee

Page S5413 · Official text

The following executive reports of nominations were submitted:

Text printed in the Record (468 characters)
By Mr. GRASSLEY for the Committee on the Judiciary. Daniel Lewis Ballou, of Kentucky, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Kentucky. Richard Wesley Bennett, of Texas, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Texas. Courtney Leigh Coker, of Texas, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Texas. Kyle Frederick Reardon, of Alaska, to be United States District Judge for the District of Alaska.

(Nominations without an asterisk were reported with the recommendation that they be confirmed.)

Introduction of Bills and Joint Resolutions

Page S5413 · Official text

The following bills and joint resolutions were introduced, read the first and second times by unanimous consent, and referred as indicated:

Text printed in the Record (5,561 characters)
By Ms. DUCKWORTH (for herself, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. King, Mr. Sanders, Mr. Kelly, Mr. Welch, Mr. Bennet, Mrs. Murray, Mr. Fetterman, Mr. Wyden, Ms. Cantwell, Ms. Alsobrooks, and Mr. Van Hollen): S. 5696. A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to improve presumptions of toxic exposure, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. By Mr. LANKFORD (for himself and Mr. Peters): S. 5697. A bill to ensure that Federal agencies rely on the best reasonably available scientific, technical, demographic, economic, and statistical information and evidence to develop, issue or inform the public of the nature and bases of Federal agency rules and guidance, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. By Mr. KING (for himself and Ms. Warren): S. 5698. A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act to protect the integrity of the United States Preventive Services Task Force, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. By Ms. BALDWIN (for herself and Mrs. Gillibrand): S. 5699. A bill to provide greater support for grandfamilies and older caregiver relatives; to the Committee on Finance. By Ms. BALDWIN (for herself, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. Merkley, Mr. Van Hollen, Mr. Reed, Ms. Duckworth, Mr. Kim, Mr. Booker, Mr. Markey, and Mrs. Gillibrand): S. 5700. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide for an option for any citizen or permanent resident of the United States age 50 to 64 to buy into Medicare; to the Committee on Finance. By Mr. BOOKER (for himself, Mr. Husted, and Ms. Collins): S. 5701. A bill to amend title 5, United States Code, to include certain Federal positions within the definition of law enforcement officer for retirement purposes, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. By Mr. BOOKER (for himself, Ms. Hirono, and Mr. Durbin): S. 5702. A bill to improve maternal health policies in correctional facilities, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Ms. ALSOBROOKS (for herself and Mr. Tillis): S. 5703. A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to establish a program for the provision of support services to borrowers using housing loan benefits administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. By Ms. ROSEN (for herself and Mrs. Fischer): S. 5704. A bill to require the Secretary of Health and Human Services to improve the detection, prevention, and treatment of behavioral health issues among public safety officers, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. By Mr. MARKEY: S. 5705. A bill authorizing grants to support long-term resiliency for archival institutions, libraries, and museums in order to provide continuity and access to covered records; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. By Mr. MARKEY (for himself, Mr. Merkley, Mr. Sanders, Ms. Warren, and Mr. Welch): S. 5706. A bill to amend the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 and the Financial Stability Act of 2010 to require a reduction of financial sector emissions to protect financial stability, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. By Mr. YOUNG (for himself and Mr. Booker): S. 5707. A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to establish that employers may offer employees a choice among tax-favored employer contributions; to the Committee on Finance. By Mr. CRUZ: S. 5708. A bill to designate the community-based outpatient clinic of the Department of Veterans Affairs in Victoria, Texas, as the "Master Sergeant Roy P. Benavidez VA Clinic"; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. By Mrs. GILLIBRAND: S. 5709. A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to conduct an epidemiological study of certain health effects that have been experienced by women veterans, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. By Mr. CORNYN (for himself, Ms. Hassan, Mr. Tillis, Mr. Kaine, and Ms. Collins): S. 5710. A bill to support local educational agencies in addressing the student mental health crisis; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. By Mr. BOOZMAN (for himself and Mr. Padilla): S. 5711. A bill to allow the Secretary of the Interior to enter into contracts or agreements with eligible entities to carry out habitat management activities in units of the National Wildlife Refuge System, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. By Mr. WELCH (for himself and Mr. Crapo): S. 5712. A bill to require reporting by the Department of Defense on the use of open-air burn pits, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Armed Services. By Mr. BOOKER (for himself and Mr. Kim): S. 5713. A bill to protect employees from discrimination based on family caregiver responsibilities, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. By Mr. DURBIN (for himself and Mr. Lee): S. 5714. A bill to subject professional baseball clubs to the antitrust laws; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. PADILLA (for himself, Mr. Blumenthal, and Ms. Warren): S. 5715. A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, and the United States Housing Act of 1937, to make certain improvements to the supported housing program for veterans commonly known as "HUD-VASH", and for other purposes; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.