Baseload Reliability Protection Act

Full Title:
Baseload Reliability Protection Act

Summary#

This bill adds a new section to the Federal Power Act that stops operators or owners from retiring or changing the fuel source of certain large, dispatchable electric generating units located in areas the Electric Reliability Organization (ERO) says are at "elevated risk" or "high risk" of electricity supply shortfalls. A "covered area" must be served by a Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) or an Independent System Operator (ISO) and be so categorized in the ERO's annual 10-year long-term reliability assessment. A "covered electric generating unit" must be dispatchable, at least 25 megawatts, connected to the bulk-power system, and not primarily powered by intermittent renewables.

The bill allows owners or operators to petition the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (the Commission) for an exemption. The Commission must decide most petitions within 90 days, or within 180 days for petitions based on unprofitability or sustained losses. The Commission may grant exemptions if the owner shows unprofitability, safety risks, or—after consulting the relevant RTO/ISO—demonstrates the retirement or fuel change will not hurt reliability or that the unit will be replaced by comparable units. If the Commission finds retirement would hurt reliability and the petition is about unprofitability, it must refer the petition to the Energy Secretary, who may provide loans or grants. The Energy Secretary may use unobligated funds from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act or Public Law 117-169 for loans or grants. Loan terms are set by the Secretary; any loan interest payments go to the Treasury general fund for deficit reduction.

The bill also says the Commission may not consider greenhouse gas emissions when making exemption decisions. It requires the ERO to publish, within 60 days of enactment, a standardized probabilistic method and criteria for labeling areas as high, elevated, or normal risk, at least as rigorous as the 2024 methodology. The Commission must report to Congress within one year on oversight and enforcement of the new section. Owners can seek judicial review of Commission decisions in the courts of appeals.

What it means for you#

  • If you operate or own a covered electric generating unit in an area the ERO labels as elevated or high risk, you may not retire the unit or change its fuel source unless you receive an exemption from the Commission.
  • You can file a petition for an exemption within 90 days after the ERO publishes the relevant long-term reliability assessment.
  • The Commission generally has 90 days to act on petitions and 180 days for petitions based on unprofitability.
  • If the Commission finds a retirement would harm reliability and the petition is about unprofitability, the Energy Secretary may offer loans or grants to keep the unit operating.
  • The Commission may not take greenhouse gas emissions into account when deciding exemptions.
  • No publicly available information on how this will change individual electric bills or specific consumer impacts.

Expenses#

  • The bill allows the Secretary of Energy to use unobligated funds from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117-58) or Public Law 117-169 to make loans or grants to keep covered units operating.
  • Loans may cover operating costs, limited upgrades, nuclear uprates, or modernization. Grants may cover prudent operating costs while the prohibition is in effect.
  • Loan terms are set by the Secretary; interest payments on loans are to be deposited in the Treasury general fund for deficit reduction.
  • No publicly available information on total expected costs, dollar amounts, or overall fiscal impact.

Proponents' View#

The bill aims to protect electricity reliability in areas the ERO identifies as being at elevated or high risk of supply shortfalls. It prevents retirements or fuel conversions of large dispatchable units in those areas unless an exemption is granted, and it provides a path for temporary financial support from the Energy Department to keep necessary units operating.

Opponents' View#

No publicly available information.