Senate
Page S4699 · Official textThe Senate met at 10 a.m. and was called to order by the Honorable ALAN ARMSTRONG, a Senator from the State of Oklahoma.
Tuesday, September 15, 2026
Vol. 172, No. 145 · 119th Congress, 2nd session
Prayer
Page S4699 · Official textThe Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, offered the following prayer: Let us pray. Eternal Lord God, we praise You for surrounding us with the shield of Your salvation. When we cry to You for help, You are always near, ever ready to comfort and encourage us. When we remember all that You have already done to bless our Nation and our lives, we can only declare: Great is Your faithfulness. As our Senators strive today to do Your will, remind them that Your love has no limits, Your hope has no restrictions, and Your power has no end. Continue to be our refuge and strength, a very present help in turbulent times. And, Lord, we praise You for placing Your healing hands upon Senator McConnell. We pray in Your wonderful Name. Amen.
Pledge of Allegiance
Page S4699 · Official textThe Presiding Officer led the Pledge of Allegiance, as follows:
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I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.
Appointment of Acting President Pro Tempore
Page S4699 · Official textThe PRESIDING OFFICER
The clerk will please read a communication to the Senate from the President pro tempore (Mr. Grassley).
The senior assistant executive clerk read the following letter:
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Washington, DC, September 15, 2026. To the Senate:
Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby appoint the Honorable Alan Armstrong, a Senator from the State of Oklahoma, to perform the duties of the Chair.
Chuck Grassley,
President pro tempore.
Mr. ARMSTRONG thereupon assumed the Chair as Acting President pro tempore.
Reservation of Leader Time
Page S4699 · Official textThe ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore
Under the previous order, the leadership time is reserved.
Conclusion of Morning Business
Page S4699 · Official textThe ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore
Morning business is closed.
EXECUTIVE CALENDAR (Executive Session)
Pages S4699–S4700 · Official textThe ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore
Under the previous order, the Senate will proceed to executive session and resume consideration of the following nomination, which the clerk will report.
The senior assistant executive clerk read the nomination of Matthew R. Byrne, of Ohio, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore
The majority leader is recognized.
Mr. President, last year, Congress passed the GENIUS Act, which is the first bill regulating digital assets ever to become law.
And the GENIUS Act was a landmark bill for more reasons than just being the first. It applied a light-touch approach to digital asset regulation that provides clear rules of the road for stablecoins, while allowing space for continued innovation and encouraging that innovation to happen right here in the United States.
We have already seen the positive effects of that approach. Stablecoin market capitalization increased by 49 percent in 2025, due in part to the regulatory clarity provided by the GENIUS Act.
Visa and Mastercard have been investing in stablecoin-linked credit cards amid heightened demand for such cards. Visa alone tripled its offer of stablecoin-linked credit cards last year, and one Visa executive called the GENIUS Act a huge turning point for the industry.
Thanks to clear regulatory guidelines for stablecoins, the digital asset industry is moving in the right direction in the United States. That is a stark contrast to how things were under the Biden administration.
Not long ago, digital assets operated in a legal gray zone in this country. The Biden administration was regulating crypto companies with arbitrary enforcement measures, subjecting crypto firms to numerous lawsuits. And these hostile actions led a number of U.S.-based companies to consider moving out of the United States altogether.
We can all agree that the United States should be the world's leader in financial innovation, and as the GENIUS Act proves, innovation surges with certainty.
When we passed the GENIUS Act over a year ago, I said market structure legislation would be the next logical step. Today, thanks to the leadership of Senator Lummis and Chairmen Scott and Boozman and a lot of hard work from a number of our colleagues on both sides of the aisle, the Senate has the opportunity to take that step with the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act.
The Clarity Act would apply the same approach that we took on stablecoins in the GENIUS Act to the entire digital asset ecosystem. It would provide clear rules of the road while encouraging innovation to happen right here in America.
To begin with, the Clarity Act distinguishes the jurisdictions of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission, while ensuring that the CFTC and the SEC still work together to harmonize their rules.
The Clarity Act also ensures that companies can't skirt securities laws that apply to other financial assets, and it protects the growing number of Americans investing in and utilizing digital assets. It provides everyday Americans with the information they need to make investment decisions, prevents value manipulation schemes, and ensures that law enforcement has the tools that it needs to go after bad actors and fraud.
Anyone concerned about another failure like the FTX collapse a few years ago should want to see the Clarity Act passed quickly. This bill would prevent another FTX. It would require exchanges to be subject to examination and provide transparency so that regulators can intervene before harm becomes widespread. It would prevent companies from using customers' funds as their own, as FTX did, and it would ensure that exchanges and their affiliates can't trade on their own platforms.
This bill has support from large financial institutions and law enforcement organizations, and it has had bipartisan support from the beginning. As I said, this bill has been a bipartisan work in progress for over a year, with roots that go back even before that. In the last year, 126 substantive changes have been made to the bill at the request of our Democrat colleagues.
The Clarity Act was reported out of the Banking Committee on a bipartisan vote, and, over the weekend, Senators Lummis, Boozman, and Scott released a final draft that incorporated even more of Democrats' demands, in the interest of moving forward with this bill.
The question now is whether Democrats will take yes for an answer.
Digital assets are firmly rooted in the United States. One in five American adults has invested in or used cryptocurrency. The overwhelming majority of crypto owners want clear rules of the road and protections like those provided in the GENIUS Act and the Clarity Act.
This is a shared priority for Republicans, Democrats, and President Trump. We have been working at it now for over a year. The only reason for this progress to end now would be if Democrats choose politics over good policy.
And now is not the time for political games. We have seen what regulatory certainty did to promote innovation and growth in stablecoins. We have an opportunity to do that across the entire digital asset industry by passing the Clarity Act. We should take the opportunity before us to ensure this innovation happens right here in America and that the United States remains the leader in financial technology well into the future.
I yield the floor.
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore
The clerk will call the roll.
The senior assistant executive clerk proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore
Without objection, it is so ordered.
Recognition of the Minority Leader (Executive Session)
Page S4700 · Official textThe Democratic leader is recognized.
Artificial Intelligence (Executive Session)
Pages S4700–S4701 · Official textMr. President, so let me comment on AI and Trump's comments on that.
So the American people keep calling on their government to act on AI, which even its creators are saying is increasingly dangerous, but Donald Trump couldn't care less. Trump says that he has that issue covered, that "the only control or `guardrails' that AI needs is a STRONG AND SMART (High IQ!) PRESIDENT." Well, we don't have one so let's do something, Senators. We know Trump is not going to step up to the plate here. He puts his head in the sand. He says there is no problem when every expert says there is a dramatic and dangerous problem that we should deal with. A high IQ President wouldn't call Americans' well-founded AI concerns a "hoax" or a "sick conspiracy." Those aren't the words of someone with a high IQ, Donald Trump. The only thing that is sick is Trump's indifference to the legitimate, valid, strong concerns of the American people. And this is what Trump always does: Americans voice their concerns about a pressing issue--Trump dismisses them out of hand. Americans express their outrage about skyrocketing costs from Trump's failed agenda--Trump calls affordability a made-up word. Families say they are getting crushed at the gas pump because of Trump's war in Iran. The President calls soaring fuel prices fake, even though they are above $4.30 a gallon. Again, where is your IQ, Mr. President? Where is your perception of the world? I don't know if it is delusion or deception, but it doesn't matter. Trump is completely out of touch with the American people, and Trump is dead wrong about AI. We don't even know how the administration is testing the safety of these powerful models before they are released to the public. Is Trump favoring one company over another because of financial interests or because of his mood of the day? He has done that time and time again. He has favored one company, one interest, over another because they suck up to him. They give him contributions, who knows what. But it is usually not on the merits, and it is often corrupt. What kind of rigor is really being employed to protect the safety and security of the American people? What are they doing? How are they doing it? Who are they favoring? These are all legitimate, important questions that must be answered. And that is why I called on the Trump administration to hold a classified briefing with the entire Senate immediately about the potential severe risks that unchecked AI development poses to our country. We all know about it. We need transparency into how the administration is testing powerful frontier AI models, something they have been concealing from the public since announcing the framework months ago. AI is something we can come together on in the Senate. I say that to my colleagues. Democrats and Republicans can come together. We deserve to know how this administration is handling this consequential issue facing the American people. If there is ever a time for Republicans to break from their blind allegiance to Trump, it is now. The world is in danger, and Republicans are on the sidelines sucking their thumbs. It is time to get off the bench. And it is worth remembering that bipartisanship has happened on AI before. If you can believe it, it has been 3 years, almost to the day, since I convened the bipartisan AI Insight Forums. We brought together not just industry titans but leaders from across sectors--academia, civil society, labor--to steer the Senate to much needed action. We convened these forums to get ahead of the very crisis we are finding ourselves in today to prevent AI from getting on an unsustainable path that endangers our security, undermines the public's trust, jeopardizes American leadership. And out of these forums came a bipartisan comprehensive roadmap. It was strong; it was bipartisan; and the roadmap was turned into a bipartisan package of bills that we came close to passing into law at the end of the last Congress until Republican leadership, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, and an incoming Trump administration blocked it. We had a chance to do this. We nearly had it, and we had good bipartisan support. And Trump comes in, Musk comes in and says don't do it, and now look where we are. Ultimately, Republicans blocked our efforts to act at the end of last Congress, but, my Republican colleagues, we can come together again to take action. The American people are demanding it. We cannot let partisanship stand in the way of this, one of the most serious problems our country and the world has ever faced. Mr. President, on the Trump family's Russia corruption--there is so much of it--on the same day Trump decided to put pressure on Ukraine rather than Russia by blaming Ukraine--not his disastrous Iran war--for high gas prices, we continue to see evidence that the Trump family is in Putin's pocket. It came out yesterday that a Russian oligarch with close ties to Putin footed the bill for hundreds of thousands of dollars in wedding expenses for Donald Trump, Jr. Can you believe this? An oligarch of a country we oppose is paying for the wedding of the President's son. Have you ever heard anything like this--so corrupt, so venal, so endangering our national security? How can you, across the aisle, shrug your shoulders at this kind of outrageous, damaging, destructive behavior? And what did Donald Trump, Jr., say in his defense?
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[S]ometimes a wedding gift is simply a wedding gift.
Not in this case, baby. You are dealing with a Russian oligarch, not just a cousin who is giving you a gift. Well, I say to Donald Junior, who said "sometimes a wedding gift is simply a wedding gift," sometimes, Donald Trump, Jr., a wedding gift is a bribe from a foreign autocrat. The oligarch dropped hundreds of thousands to put on a fireworks display, host an extravagant party, and rent out a private island for Donald Junior. But what we know he was really buying is not to have a good time at a wedding but access to the Trump family. The corruption could not get any more shameless. The Trump family has already profited $4 billion off the Presidency this term alone. Did the Trumps really need a few hundred thousand more dollars? Is that what it takes for them to sell out America to the Russians? The American people have had enough of Trump's corruption. Have Senate Republicans?
Vote-by-Mail (Executive Session)
Page S4701 · Official textMr. President, on mail-in voting, last night, even Trump's MAGA Supreme Court shut down his unconstitutional plan to restrict mail-in voting and rig the November elections. Donald, you lost another one, and you know it is bad when even your MAGA Supreme Court can't defend you because your behavior is so egregious and so damaging to our democracy. Trump's plan was a desperate attempt to screw around with vote-by-mail and smother the voices of millions of Americans, all to avoid accountability at the polls. I wonder if Trump told the Court he has voted by mail twice this year, as he fought to rip it away from the American people. Trump's scheme was so on the nose, so un-American, so flagrantly unconstitutional that even the MAGA Court had no choice but to make the right call--a MAGA Court, I will add, that has done Trump's bidding too many times. Let this be a reminder to Trump: There is no hiding from the American people. You are losing the election because you have been such a bad President, and fixing the election is not going to work because there are too many forces that are trying to stop it. I yield the floor.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore
The majority whip.
Wyoming (Executive Session)
Pages S4701–S4702 · Official textMr. President, during the past month, I traveled all around the State of Wyoming--great community events, one community after another: Dubois, WY, the firefighters' picnic and buffalo barbecue. Nothing like it in the world. We had our Wyoming Ag Hall of Fame in Douglas. We had the banquet. We had a celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Wyoming Pioneer Association. In Rawlins, I visited the hospital there to talk about the incredible advantages to all these small community hospitals now as a result of the bill that we passed to put up a fund to help rural hospitals stay focused and functioning and able to provide care in our communities. I was in Meeteetse on Labor Day for the parade and the pancake breakfast. I talked to a lot of people.
And people all around Wyoming follow the cowboy code. The cowboy code says you live each day with courage, take pride in your work, and do what needs to be done. And the people of Wyoming are very proud of the progress that we have made here as Republicans over the last year and a half with President Trump in the White House, a majority in the House, and a majority of Republicans in the Senate. And people all want the same thing. They want safe communities, strong communities. They want a prosperous future. And they believe--rightly so--that Republicans have been delivering that the last 2 years.
The border is now secure. I think about where it was 2 years ago and where we are today: No one caught and released into the country. This whole catch-and-release program of the Bidens', it is over.
The largest tax increase in America that the Democrats were proposing, that has been stopped. Taxes on tips, taxes on overtime, taxes on Social Security, they are all gone now.
America is now energy dominant, which is where we should have been all along.
The crooks and the criminals that we know have been abusing Medicaid and abusing food stamps--today, they are paying the price; they are being held to account.
Six hundred members of President Trump's team are now on the job, and they are on the job in spite of historic opposition by the Democrats. Republicans torpedoed their obstruction.
People in Wyoming also shared with me their worries. And there are concerns. They are concerned about what the radical Democrat policies would do to harm them and harm their families and harm our communities.
Democrats now have laid out their manifesto. And we are not just talking about in California or New York. We are talking about Democrat nominees all across the country. The Democrat nominee for the Senate in Minnesota claims Immigration and Customs Enforcement, she says, is evil, and she wants to "rip ICE apart."
The Democrat nominee in Maine, he wants free healthcare for every illegal immigrant in the country. Democrats want it paid for by hard-working Americans with their tax dollars.
The Democrat nominee in Florida is a card-carrying member of the Democratic Socialists of America.
The Democrat nominee in Texas says he would lay out a welcome mat at the southern border. He says men ought to be playing in women's sports.
The Democrat nominee in Michigan, he wants to take away our guns. His campaign partner says that America deserved the horrific terrorist attacks of September 11.
Our Nation, just a few days ago, commemorated the 25th anniversary of the horrendous attacks that killed nearly 3,000 Americans. But Democrats--north, south, east, and west--they are running on this radical roadmap. They plan to take away private property and seize businesses. When we just read their manifesto, it is all right there. They want to open the borders. They want to open the prisons. They want to put prisoners back into our communities. They want to get rid of ICE. They want to shut down our military. They want to shut down police. That is who they are.
This is the difference between common sense and crazy. People see it. They know it.
Democrats want to rip $50 billion away from our rural hospitals. These are rural hospitals that we have worked with over the years to just try to keep alive, to keep open at a time when we saw, both under Biden and Obama, rural hospitals close in my State and in the Presiding Officer's.
Democrats want to start taxing tips and overtime and Social Security. That is a direct increase in taxes on waiters and waitresses, on police officers, on nurses. It is a direct increase in taxes on our seniors if they start taxing Social Security, which is what they want to do.
What do they want to do with the money? Well, they have been very clear. They want to use it to pay for healthcare for illegal immigrants. I mean, that is the difference between the Republicans and the Democrats right now.
People I talked to don't want taxes to be higher. People I talked to don't want men to play in women's sports. People in my home State of Wyoming I talked to don't want to defund the police; they don't want to defund the military. People I talked to at home, they don't want to put a welcome mat out at the southern border. The people I talked to at home don't want hard-working Americans to be forced to pay for healthcare for illegal immigrants. The people I talked to at home don't believe illegal immigrants should have the right to vote or to be made citizens.
Many of the Democrats in this Chamber and on the ballot this November, they want all of those things; they are campaigning on those things. I continue to say the Democrats of today are radical, they are extreme, they are dangerous, and they are scary. It is the difference between common sense and crazy, and the American people see it.
My Democrat colleagues in this very Chamber have called these radical policies--they call it the future of their party.
We cannot allow that to become the future for our Nation. So Republicans are going to continue to fight for safety, for American prosperity, and for continued American greatness.
I yield the floor.
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore
The clerk will call the roll.
The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. Graham)
Without objection, it is so ordered.
Anti-Semitism (Executive Session)
Pages S4702–S4703 · Official textMadam President, this past weekend, Jews across the country and around the globe celebrated Rosh Hashanah, bringing in the new year with hope and excitement for what is to come. Now we are just days away from the holiest day in the Jewish calendar, Yom Kippur, when we take time to reflect on the year ahead and atone for actions we have taken in the past year.
The 10 days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are the most sacred and widely observed time in the Jewish calendar. This is a time we all come together with family and friends and loved ones, a time for reflection, for gratitude, and for celebrating the traditions that connect us to one another and the generations before us.
Unfortunately, for too many American Jews, the High Holidays are now also bringing something else: fear. While Jewish families are preparing to hear the shofar and gather around their holiday tables, synagogue leaders and their congregations are asking themselves questions that no one should ever have to ask before they go to worship, before they go to pray, before they go to a sanctuary. They are asking: Is our place of worship safe? Do we have enough security? Are our doors secure? Do we have enough cameras? What happens if someone targets our congregation? What if there is an active shooter? Do we know all the exits? Do we know what to do? Do we know where to go? These are the questions that no one who goes to worship should ever have to ask in this country, and yet it is a reality for too many Jewish communities today.
Of course, if you look at the data, these fears are not unfounded. According to a recent ADL report, 2025 was the third highest year for anti-Semitic incidents in the United States since the ADL began collecting data, and physical assaults against Jews were higher in 2025 than ever before.
The FBI data has shown that Jewish Americans were the target of nearly 70 percent--70 percent--of religiously motivated hate crimes in this country in 2025 despite making up just 2 percent of the population.
This data corresponds to horrific incidents we have seen on news reports this past year, including a historic synagogue in Jackson, MS, being firebombed and Jewish congregations defaced in Austin, TX; Albuquerque, NM; Hot Springs, AR; and Oak Park, MI. And in West Bloomfield, MI, a man drove his car into a building housing a synagogue and a preschool and then opened fire--opened fire.
I wish I could say these were isolated incidents, but I can't. These incidents are part of an alarming trend. Jews in America are facing the kind of hatred that reminds us that anti-Semitism is not something of the past. It is not something that we only read about in history books, though they have shown us what happens when anti-Semitism is allowed to take hold of a society.
I recently returned from Poland, where I visited the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum. The preserved grounds of the concentration and extermination camps stand as a testament--a sad testament--of what can happen when hatred is allowed to reach its most evil form. It happened after years and years of increasing discrimination, violence, and marginalization that went unchecked--went unchecked.
There are countless lessons of the Holocaust, but one of the strongest ones is what can happen when ordinary people look at hatred with indifference. The Holocaust did not only happen because of the Nazis, but because of the millions of people who also kept silent in the face of dehumanization and prejudice. They kept silent, and this indifference allowed for the murder of 6 million Jews, as well as millions of others.
This is why we must recommit ourselves to relearning these lessons and not allowing hatred to go ignored in our country today--in our country.
So during the August State work period, I also met with rabbis from four congregations in Southern Nevada to discuss how they are preparing for the High Holidays. They all shared the same concern: physical safety of their congregations, of their congregants, of people who come to worship, from the newborn all the way to the oldest senior citizen.
We talked about the security preparations they have to make during this time of year and the costs that go along with them. We talked about the fear that comes with knowing that a place of worship can become a target in an instant--we all know this--and the burden that falls upon synagogue leaders and volunteers to protect their place of worship, their congregants, their families, and their friends.
And it is a burden I know all too well. Before I came to the Senate, I served as president of the largest Reform synagogue in Nevada. I know exactly what it takes to prepare a congregation for High Holidays, and I know that security plans have become an unfortunate and expensive part of that preparation.
In fact, security costs are usually the largest portion of a synagogue's budget now--the largest portion of the budget because they have to pay for hiring guards, installing barricades, adding bulletproof glass to windows, reinforcing doors, and metal detectors.
You have to walk through a metal detector and screening to get into my synagogue now.
According to a recent study from the Jewish Federations of North America, the Jewish community spends an average of $1 billion a year now--$1 billion a year now--on security. It is a record high--billions of dollars just to worship safely.
So think about that for a moment. In the United States, in 2026, we have Americans who have to worship behind locked doors and bulletproof glass, protected by armed guards, just to be with their family and friends and pray.
Imagine if you didn't feel it was safe to go worship, gather together.
And we can't ask these communities to shoulder that burden alone. This is exactly why I have always supported fully funding and reforming the Nonprofit Security Grant Program.
This program helps synagogues and other houses of worship and other at-risk institutions make critical security improvements for the safety of their congregations. It is a lifesaving program that helps the Jewish community and other religious communities, as well, that are at risk of violence. It helps them offset the cost of keeping themselves and their families safe, which is why I introduced bipartisan legislation to nearly triple the funding for the Nonprofit Security Grant Program and to improve it, to make sure that the money actually gets to the communities that need it.
My Jewish American Security Act, which I introduced with Senator Lankford and a broad bipartisan coalition of Senators, would also create a new Department of Justice grant program to help State and local law enforcement increase security around at-risk houses of worship.
And these additional protections, well, they mean the difference between walking into a synagogue and thinking about prayer or walking into your synagogue and looking for the exits and thinking about what your escape route might be. These additional protections are about making sure that a child can walk into a preschool or a Hebrew school and think about learning, not about an active-shooter drill. And they are about making sure that our houses of worship remain what they are supposed to be: places of faith, places of community, places of peace.
I often say that anti-Semitism is a canary in a coal mine; it is a warning sign. When hatred against one community is allowed to grow, it threatens all of us. So we cannot wait for the next attack. We cannot wait for another synagogue to be targeted, and we cannot wait for another family to be afraid just to walk through the doors of their own house of worship anywhere. We have to act now. We have to act now, before it is too late.
And as Jewish families gather together in the coming days for Yom Kippur, they will reflect on the year behind them and the year ahead. So please let us all commit ourselves to doing everything that we can to make sure that those families can worship safely and in peace.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
The Senator from Ohio.
Digital Asset Market Clarity Act (Executive Session)
Page S4703 · Official textMadam President, like for you, although you are newer, there are probably a lot of things you thought about that the U.S. Senate does or doesn't do, and there is probably a process of exploration: How does all of this actually work?
And in my 18 months of sitting where the Presiding Officer is, I have really taken the time to learn, not just what the procedures of the Senate are but trying to actually understand: What were our Founders thinking when they created these processes?
So for the people in the Gallery and the people watching at home, what we are actually supposed to be doing right now is debating as to whether we should confirm Matthew Byrne to be a judge in Ohio. Yet, I guarantee you, there hasn't been a single word about whether Matthew Byrne is fit to be a Federal judge or not. And, I will tell you, he absolutely is--because one of the things that we have done as a collective body is abandoned the principles of how this place is supposed to work.
We have a vote at 2:15 p.m. today that is a cloture on the motion to proceed. I am sure everybody in the Gallery knows exactly what that means. I am sure they don't.
What our Founders intended was that, when legislation was to be considered in the U.S. Senate, that there would be a robust debate as to whether a bill should be considered or not.
And those of you watching on C-SPAN are just seeing me. What you are not seeing is what the people in the Gallery are seeing, which is that I am the only one in the Chamber.
I have never heard of a debate that existed when nobody was present to have said debate.
So it is not really a motion to end debate because debate has actually never started. So in the most ironic twist, what we are going to vote on at 2:15 today is whether we should consider this bill or not. And if the answer is that we are not, it says we should continue to debate this bill. But we have never started debating it publicly so the American people get to hear both sides of this argument, not a 30-second sound bite on X or a 45-second interview on CNN or FOX News, but an actual thoughtful debate and exchange of ideas.
We cannot have a republic if we don't follow the principles of that republic, and those principles mean that we strengthen our institutions; we follow the process as outlined.
What I am asking my colleagues to vote for at 2:15 p.m. is to say: Yes, we should consider this bill. It doesn't mean you should pass it. It doesn't mean you support it. But we should end the debate as to whether we should even consider it. That is the entirety of the vote.
From there, our process--that is right there in that book, Madam President, the one behind the Bible--says there are 30 hours of robust debate.
And I have been waiting for 18 months to hear robust debate in this Chamber. Instead, what we get is sound bite after sound bite after sound bite--speeches that were written by staff that are read in this Chamber for the idea that you can clip it for social media. That is not what the American people deserve, nor is it what they want.
But when you have been here too long, I am here to tell you, all of that becomes normal. You get to the point where it is just normal to do things a certain way.
People come in and out of committee hearings, don't listen to the witnesses. They go to some meetings, not others. They are semibriefed; they are not briefed.
Why don't we just go back to the original intent of this place?
Let's vote yes on the motion to proceed to end debate--by the way, which never started--and then have 30 hours. Senators here can come to the floor. People in the Gallery, people at home can hear an actual debate. If, for example, you think that the Clarity Act doesn't go far enough for law enforcement, let's hear one point of view, and let's hear the other side give an alternative point of view--not because you have written down talking points, but actual arguments that come from a position of knowledge.
If you think the ethics provision is too weak, let's hear the arguments from both sides.
Let's give the American people the opportunity to hear this debate. And if at the end of that, there isn't 60 votes to end the debate, then the bill dies. But if there is enough debate that has been heard, we say: OK, now it is time to actually get on the bill and actually pass it or start the process of passing it. There is an amendment process that can exist where people can offer ideas.
But here is what I will tell the Presiding Officer because I am certain, in your background, your No. 1 issue in life wasn't digital assets. You did a lot of other amazing things in your career and life and really helped people. So the idea behind that is to really understand it to know what the issues are.
But here is what we do agree on, Republicans and Democrats: This industry does need regulation. There is no regulation today for the digital assets industry. The industry is begging for regulation.
Think about how crazy that is. Typically industries are like: Yeah, you know what? Leave us alone. We don't want the government in our business.
They want clear rules of the road. They want to be able to develop innovative products that help average Americans take advantage of their being able to earn money, earn rewards on their money, be able to be more efficient when they transact. That is what working Americans want. They want to see their government work.
So we know--think about that--total unanimous support for hey, we need regulation. That is not the debate. The debate is how we do that. Well, that is what we created. We spent 18 months--18 months, including with the Presiding Officer's brother, in many meetings where we crafted a bill that started as 300 pages. It is now over 600 pages.
Part of the problem is that I don't know that everybody has read all 600 pages. They may not even know what is in the bill.
We all know the famous line: We will find out what is in the bill after we vote for it. Terrible.
We are ready to consider a bill to do what all of us agree on, which is to regulate the digital assets industry.
At 2:15 p.m., we are going to say: Let's end the debate. Let's consider this bill. Let's move this forward.
I urge my colleagues to vote yes on cloture on the motion to proceed, ending the debate, and then, since we didn't have a debate, let's actually have one before we consider final passage, and respect the institution that all of us are--at least I know I am--honored to be a part of.
With that, Madam President, I urge all my colleagues to vote yes at 2:15 p.m.
Nomination of Matthew R. Byrne (Executive Session)
Pages S4703–S4704 · Official textMadam President, today, the Senate will vote to confirm Matthew Byrne to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio.
Judge Byrne is one of the most extreme anti-choice judicial nominees the Senate has considered. While serving as a visiting justice on the Ohio Supreme Court, he objected to the court's dismissal of a case defending the State's abortion ban even after voters' decision to enshrine reproductive rights in the Ohio Constitution.
While campaigning to be a State court judge, Judge Byrne stated that he opposed abortion for any reason other than to protect the life of the mother. He opposed exceptions for rape or incest and further wrote: "I believe the `life of the mother' should be strictly defined so as to avoid creating loopholes."
Judge Byrne's extreme views extend beyond his opposition to reproductive rights. Nearly 5 years after the Supreme Court recognized the right to same-sex marriage, he stated that he still believed the judiciary does not possess the authority to expand the definition of marriage to include anything but one man and one woman. Judge Byrne has also written: "There is no reference to a `right to privacy' in the Constitution."
In his public commentary and his judicial decisions, Judge Byrne has repeatedly demonstrated his extreme views and how he will rule if he is confirmed to the Federal bench.
I oppose his nomination and urge my colleagues to join me.
Vote on Byrne Nomination (Executive Session)
Page S4704 · Official textThe PRESIDING OFFICER
The question is, Will the Senate advise and consent to the Byrne nomination?
I ask for the yeas and nays.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Is there a sufficient second?
There appears to be a sufficient second.
The clerk will call the roll. The bill clerk called the roll.
The following Senator is necessarily absent: the Senator from Kentucky (Mr. McConnell).
I announce that the Senator from Delaware (Mr. Coons) and the Senator from Vermont (Mr. Sanders) are necessarily absent.
The result was announced--yeas 52, nays 45, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,017 characters)
Armstrong Banks Barrasso Blackburn Boozman Britt Budd Capito Cassidy Collins Cornyn Cotton Cramer Crapo Cruz Curtis Daines Ernst Fischer Graham Grassley Hagerty Hawley Hoeven Husted Hyde-Smith Johnson Justice Kennedy Lankford Lee Lummis Marshall McCormick Moody Moran Moreno Murkowski Paul Ricketts Risch Rounds Schmitt Scott (FL) Scott (SC) Sheehy Sullivan Thune Tillis Tuberville Wicker Young
Alsobrooks Baldwin Bennet Blumenthal Blunt Rochester Booker Cantwell Cortez Masto Duckworth Durbin Fetterman Gallego Gillibrand Hassan Heinrich Hickenlooper Hirono Kaine Kelly Kim King Klobuchar Lujan Markey Merkley Murphy Murray Ossoff Padilla Peters Reed Rosen Schatz Schiff Schumer Shaheen Slotkin Smith Van Hollen Warner Warnock Warren Welch Whitehouse Wyden
Coons
McConnell
Sanders
The nomination was confirmed.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the previous order, the motion to reconsider is considered made and laid upon the table, and the President will be immediately notified of the Senate's action.
Recess
Page S4704 · Official textThe ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore
Under the previous order, the Senate stands in recess until 1:50 p.m.
Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:18 p.m., recessed until 1:50 p.m. and reassembled when called to order by the Presiding Officer (Mr. Moreno).
EXECUTIVE CALENDAR--Continued
Page S4704 · Official textThe PRESIDING OFFICER
The Senator from Massachusetts.
Digital Asset Market Clarity Act (Executive Calendar)
Pages S4704–S4706 · Official textMr. President, I come to the Senate floor today to oppose my Republican colleagues' efforts to jam through the Clarity Act. I believe we can get crypto legislation that both Republicans and Democrats can agree on but not this bill.
This bill poses a massive risk to families, to our economy, and to our national security. We need crypto legislation that stops political self-dealing, and I know that many in the crypto industry agree with that. But this bill would turbocharge Donald Trump's unprecedented corruption.
Donald Trump's primary campaign promise was that he would lower prices beginning on day one--his promise, his words. Instead, Trump's tariffs, Trump's forever war halfway around the world, Trump's healthcare cuts, Trump's closing cheaper, clean energy--Trump's policies are boosting the cost of everything. From groceries, to gas, to healthcare, to utilities, they are all going up, up, up.
While Donald Trump is raising costs for working people, Trump is also using the Presidency to make himself richer, and he has added crypto to his ways to cash in. Instead of doubling down on efforts to prosecute crypto scams and to block terrorists and drug traffickers from using crypto, Donald Trump has used his office to promote crypto. He has talked up crypto. He has held crypto contests with the prize being dinner with the President, and he has appointed crypto-friendly regulators.
And the money has just rolled in for him. Shortly before he was sworn in as President the second time, Trump opened his own crypto business, and boy, what a launch that man had. As he talked up crypto, the money just kept rolling in. In 2025 alone, Trump and his family raked in $1.4 billion from their crypto ventures. In fact, Donald Trump made more from crypto last year than any publicly traded crypto company in America. There is no one who has more to gain personally from this bill than the President of the United States.
OK. So Trump won big time on crypto. Who lost? The working people who followed their leader. People who bought into Trump's crypto ventures have lost billions of dollars. For example, the fans who bought Trump's meme coins have lost nearly $4 billion.
Trump just keeps pumping up the crypto industry. He has disbanded the DOJ's Crypto Enforcement Team, he has dropped crypto enforcement actions against companies that donated millions of dollars to his campaign, and he has given multiple Presidential pardons for crypto executives convicted of serious crimes. Trump's corruption is so extensive that he has infected crypto's entire financial regulatory framework.
Now Republicans are not only turning a blind eye to Trump's corruption; now they want to vote today to boost that corruption. Late on Sunday night, the Republicans released new ethics provisions that the Republicans negotiated with the White House. They read exactly like what the most corrupt President in our history would bless--a tiny, little fig leaf that claims it is doing something about corruption but that is carefully written to make sure it will not prevent Donald Trump from making his next $1.4 billion in crypto profits.
First, the new text guarantees that Donald Trump will never ever be held accountable under the law. Why? Because Trump's lapdogs would have the power to shut down any enforcement of the ethics provisions against Donald Trump.
The text says the Attorney General--you know, that is the guy who at his confirmation hearing said, "I'm [Trump's] lawyer"--not America's lawyer; Trump's lawyer. This is the guy who would decide whether to bring an enforcement action against the President.
The bill would not allow the State attorneys general to bring any enforcement actions against the President. All they could do is try to sue Trump's former personal lawyer, the Attorney General, to do something about it.
Here is the kicker: Nobody thinks the Attorney General is going to bring an action against Donald Trump, but this bill has belt and suspenders built right in to ensure that Donald Trump's moneymaking schemes just keep right on rolling. The bill says that Trump's handpicked cronies at his Office of Government Ethics can wave a magic wand by issuing a legal opinion, and then, as if by magic, Donald Trump would suddenly be protected from any enforcement at all against his next round of crypto corruption. An ethics restriction that the President himself can have completely waived is not an ethics restriction.
Second, even if these provisions were enforceable, there are massive loopholes in them that would allow Trump to continue juicing his crypto empire. Under the new text, Trump would be allowed to continue making hundreds of millions of dollars from his crypto ventures, including World Liberty Financial and his meme coin. Not only would Trump easily be able to keep or restructure his existing crypto ventures, he would also be able to create new ones--extra corruption. For example, this new text does nothing to stop Donald Trump from becoming the first President in American history to own and regulate his own bank.
Lastly, Trump could just put his holdings in a blind trust in name only while still knowing exactly what assets are there and still in charge of the regulators who can juice the value of Donald Trump's crypto investments.
Trump has already made $1.4 billion in 2025 alone as a crypto wheeler-dealer, and the bill the Republicans want to vote on today would make sure he can just keep raking in the dough.
It is not just the ethics provisions that are terrible; this bill would make it easier for terrorist organizations, for drug cartels, and for rogue states to buy and sell weapons and pay off government officials--all using crypto; easier for terrorists to finance their operations and harder for law enforcement to catch them; easier for scammers to cheat Americans and harder for law enforcement to catch them; easier for Iran and North Korea to evade sanctions and harder for law enforcement to catch them.
This bill would put us all at risk of a crypto-fueled economic crash. The crypto bill has become a Christmas tree with gifts for other high-risk scammers. The bill, for example, would blow a massive hole in our nearly century-old securities laws by allowing and encouraging companies that have nothing to do with crypto to throw their assets on a blockchain to escape the investor protections that apply to traditional securities--you know, like stocks, the stock market. Now, that could drain billions of dollars out of our stock market that families depend on to fund their retirement savings, and it could decimate the guardrails that were put in place after the Great Depression. In fact, unions are opposed to this bill specifically because they see it as putting workers' hard-earned pensions at risk.
Really, you should just ask yourself, what does this have to do with crypto?
Why are we putting provisions in place to blow up protections on the stock market because a handful of crypto bros want it?
This bill would give banks a green light to use America's banking deposits to engage in a brandnew list of risky crypto activities: lending against crypto as collateral, buying crypto directly, trading crypto derivatives, operating blockchain notes, selling crypto software. The list goes on and on.
Think about how the price of crypto shot up and down and up and down, in just the last couple of years alone, and then imagine what happens when the biggest banks in America use the money in your savings account to load up on that kind of crypto.
The bill also blocks States and Tribal nations from enforcing their own laws on the books to protect their citizens from getting scammed. The president of the Indian Gaming Association calls this bill "the greatest threat to Tribal sovereignty in a generation."
This is not what the American people want. They want Congress to do something about the affordability crisis. They want an end to Trump's war in Iran. They want their elected leaders to step up and regulate AI.
According to a survey by crypto news outlet CoinDesk, just 1 percent of respondents rank crypto as their top concern. Another poll found that if there is anything that voters want to do on crypto, it is to put in place meaningful anti-fraud and anti-corruption measures. That is the kind of thing this bill glaringly fails to do.
So you have got to ask yourself: Why are we here?
We need crypto regulation. Yes, we do. But we do not need a crypto bill written by the crypto industry to benefit only the most extreme voices in the crypto industry and at the expense of our national security, our economic stability, and to help the most corrupt President in the history of the United States make himself even richer.
I urge my Republican colleagues to come to the table and negotiate a real bipartisan crypto bill. But until then, I urge my colleagues to vote no.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
The Senator from Wyoming.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to speak for up to 15 minutes prior to the scheduled rollcall vote.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Without objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. President, in a few minutes, the Senate will vote on one of the most important, consequential, bipartisan financial services bill in a generation--the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act. Before we do, my colleagues need to understand exactly what is at stake.
I have spent every single day of the past year fighting to get the Clarity Act ready for prime time because Wyoming did not send me to Washington to watch America fall behind. My State sent me here to make sure we lead.
Today, this body decides whether we keep that promise or sideline American leadership.
Wyoming wrote the blueprint for regulating digital assets in the United States and, in many ways, the world. In 2017, the Wyoming Legislature embarked on a mission to create a first-of-its-kind regulatory framework for digital assets that protects consumers and promotes responsible innovation.
The Wyoming Legislature was the first legislative body in the United States to draw the line between a security and a commodity. It was the first to safely integrate digital assets into our Nation's banking system in a safe and sound way through special purpose depository institutions. And Wyoming was the first jurisdiction in the Nation to create a new legal entity for decentralized, unincorporated, nonprofit associations.
A Wyoming special purpose depository institution was also the first depository institution in the history of our banking system to earn a master account from the Federal Reserve.
The successful Wyoming blueprint is the foundation of the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of today.
This is not a partisan bill--not even close. Democrats secured 126 separate concessions in this text, and they wrote more than half of the 630 pages in front of you.
This bill started at 300 pages. It stands at 635 because I sat across the table from my colleagues for an entire year and took every objection seriously and built those changes into the bill ourselves.
That is not capitulation. That is what legislating in good faith looks like--something this body, far too often, forgets how to do.
Nowhere--absolutely nowhere--have we given more than on ethics in this bill. In July, President Trump voluntarily put himself, the Vice President, every judge, federally elected official, and their spouses under the strictest ethics restrictions this country has ever seen. Almost no one in Washington would have offered that on their own, but Democrats still wanted more. They wanted independent outside enforcement. So President Trump went back to the table, and he gave more.
This final text reflects substantially all of the Tillis-Gallego framework, built on top of what was already historic.
State attorneys general now have direct authority to enforce these ethics rules against Federal officials themselves. They can go after exchanges and issuers under consumer protection law so bad actors get hit coming and going. No President has ever gone this far, and this President did it twice.
Let's be honest about what a "no" vote actually is today. It is not a principled stand against the President. It is not a vote against a bill that has had a partisan flare. It is a vote to protect politicians' personal crypto holdings from the very limits Democrats demanded and got.
It is a vote against the consumer protections American families are counting on, and it is a vote to hand the future of financial innovation to a foreign competitor who will not be foolish enough to waste this chance to lead our global digital economy and onshore this industry and the good-paying jobs it creates.
This country put the first man on the Moon. We built financial institutions, and we built the internet. We do not watch history happen to us. We make history. We should not stop that tradition today.
Madam President, 635 pages, a full year of daily negotiations--daily, even on weekends--126 Democrat wins written into law, the strongest ethics restrictions any President has ever accepted, in writing, right here, this is what good faith looks like. This is what compromise looks like. And in a few minutes, my colleagues will decide whether or not it meant anything at all.
I have given this fight everything I have from the moment I was sworn in as a U.S. Senator--and especially over the last year. For so long, this fight has been mine and that of my incredible partner and dear friend Senator Kirsten Gillibrand's and Chairman Scott's and Chairman Boozman's, Senator Tillis', Senator Moreno's, and many of my colleagues who have walked alongside me in this fight for this industry to bring us to this moment.
Today, this fight belongs to the whole body. President Trump gave more than anyone in this town expected--twice. It is time for this body to take yes for an answer, take the win.
Stand with American innovation. Stand with American consumers. Stand with American leadership. Do not let this day be the day we handed our future to someone else because we were too afraid to finish what we started.
Let's vote yes. Let's not only join the 21st-century economy, let's not only join the digital age, let's lead it. Let's define it. Let's make it work for America and the world. Let's vote yes. Let's get this done.
Waiving Quorum Call (Executive Calendar)
Page S4706 · Official textMadam Chair, I ask unanimous consent to waive the mandatory quorum call with respect to the cloture motion for H.R. 3633.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. Britt)
Without objection, it is so ordered.
I yield the floor.
Cloture Motion (Executive Calendar)
Page S4706 · Official textThe PRESIDING OFFICER
Pursuant to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the Senate the pending cloture motion, which the clerk will state.
The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:
Text printed in the Record (890 characters)
We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the motion to proceed to Calendar No. 423, H.R. 3633, a bill to provide for a system of regulation of the offer and sale of digital commodities by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, to amend the Federal Reserve Act to prohibit the Federal reserve banks from offering certain products or services directly to an individual, to prohibit the use of central bank digital currency for monetary policy, and for other purposes.
John Thune, Cynthia M. Lummis, Tim Sheehy, John Barrasso,
John Cornyn, John Hoeven, Mike Crapo, James Lankford,
Kevin Cramer, Steve Daines, Tim Scott of South
Carolina, Tom Cotton, Thom Tillis, Jon A. Husted, Pete
Ricketts, Bill Hagerty, Marsha Blackburn.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Under the previous order, the mandatory quorum call under rule XXII has been waived.
The question is, Is it the sense of the Senate that debate on the motion to proceed to H.R. 3633, a bill to provide for a system of regulation of the offer and sale of digital commodities by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, to amend the Federal Reserve Act to prohibit the Federal reserve banks from offering certain products or services directly to an individual, to prohibit the use of central bank digital currency for monetary policy, and for other purposes, shall be brought to a close?
The yeas and nays are mandatory under the rule.
The clerk will call the roll. The senior assistant executive clerk called the roll.
I announce that the Senator from Delaware (Mr. Coons) is necessarily absent.
The yeas and nays resulted--yeas 49, nays 50, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,026 characters)
Armstrong Banks Barrasso Blackburn Boozman Britt Budd Capito Cassidy Cornyn Cotton Cramer Crapo Cruz Curtis Daines Ernst Fischer Graham Grassley Hagerty Hoeven Husted Hyde-Smith Johnson Justice Kennedy Lankford Lee Lummis Marshall McConnell McCormick Moody Moreno Murkowski Paul Ricketts Risch Rounds Schmitt Scott (FL) Scott (SC) Sheehy Sullivan Thune Tuberville Wicker Young
Alsobrooks Baldwin Bennet Blumenthal Blunt Rochester Booker Cantwell Collins Cortez Masto Duckworth Durbin Fetterman Gallego Gillibrand Hassan Hawley Heinrich Hickenlooper Hirono Kaine Kelly Kim King Klobuchar Lujan Markey Merkley Moran Murphy Murray Ossoff Padilla Peters Reed Rosen Sanders Schatz Schiff Schumer Shaheen Slotkin Smith Tillis Van Hollen Warner Warnock Warren Welch Whitehouse Wyden
Coons
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Banks). On this vote, the yeas are 49, the nays are 50.
Three-fifths of the Senators having been duly chosen and sworn not having voted in the affirmative, the motion is rejected.
The Senator from North Carolina.
Motion to Reconsider (Executive Calendar)
Page S4706 · Official textMr. President, I enter a motion to reconsider the vote.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
The motion is entered.
The motion was entered.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
The Senator from North Carolina.
Waiving Quorum Call (Executive Calendar)
Page S4706 · Official textMr. President, I ask unanimous consent to waive the mandatory quorum call with respect to the cloture motion on the motion to proceed to S. 4668.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Without objection, it is so ordered.
Order of Business (Executive Calendar)
Page S4706 · Official textMr. President, I ask unanimous consent that there be 1 hour of debate equally divided between the proponents and opponents of the bill.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Without objection, it is so ordered.
Unanimous Consent Agreement--S. 4668 (Executive Calendar)
Page S4706 · Official textMr. President, I ask the Chair to execute the order of August 8 in relation to S. 4668 following the use or yielding back of the debate time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Without objection, it is so ordered.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
The Senator from Missouri.
Protect College Sports Act of 2026 (Executive Calendar)
Pages S4706–S4708 · Official textMr. President, well, game time--we are about ready to take up a bill, potentially, that deals with a situation that I think should be and is near and dear to the hearts of all our constituents. And this is not a partisan issue. This is about a uniquely American institution: college sports.
College sports are at a tipping point, in a place that they have never been before, because over the last decade or so, and in the course of litigation, no rules can be enforced.
Now, I would freely admit that the old system had its challenges, too--the idea that athletes couldn't be compensated for their name, image, and likeness. I think that was wrong. That has been rectified.
But what we have now is a system that is unstable and threatens, in particular, women's sports and Olympic sports in the long-term.
For a very, very long time, the business model, effectively, of college athletics was college football subsidized all of the other nonrevenue sports. Basketball is, essentially, a break-even proposition for the most part. Maybe it makes a little money.
But all of those other sports and the 500,000 student-athletes in this country that have an opportunity to compete, to learn what it is like to have that kind of commitment, that grit; who show up on time, persevere, build relationships with people from different backgrounds--you know, I had the opportunity to play in college and throughout my life before that, and what is left of that is the Congressional baseball team, I guess.
But when you are on a team, you want to win, and you want to win with your teammates. For me, I didn't care where they came from, what their race was, what their religion was. We were a team. There are a lot of really, really important leadership lessons that come from that. And that is a risk.
Now, some might say: The stands are full; you know, revenues are robust.
All those things are true, but the reality is we have entered into this new phase with something missing: a governing body that can establish and enforce rules.
That is at the heart of what the Protect College Sports Act is all about. It is to grant limited antitrust exemption status for a governing body, the NCAA, to enforce rules; meaning, 5 years of eligibility.
I think most people think it is nuts that you have 27-year-olds right now competing with 17-year-olds. I think most people think it is nuts that you might have somebody transfer four times.
Well, guess what. Graduation rates are plummeting.
I personally think that if you are the second-string quarterback at the University of Arkansas or somewhere else and you get an opportunity to play at Louisville or wherever, that you should be able to move one time. But the chaos--if you talk to people, any coaches, and even players, by the way, who testified, this is not a good situation. It is completely unstable.
People are making decisions based on tweets and injunctions that may come down on a Friday afternoon. You have seen it over the last couple of weeks: people who went professional coming back to compete on a team where somebody had spent--you know, they are 18 years old and spent the fall camp getting ready for the season and may be displaced.
None of those problems--none of those problems--are going to go away. I think we are in a rare moment here in this Chamber where we are at a time for choosing--no more roundtables, no more hypotheticals. This is what we get paid to do: to try to solve hard problems.
What is unique about this is it doesn't fall into traditional partisan categories. There is no real "red jersey, blue jersey" on this thing. This is identifying what the problem is and working together to find a solution.
There are a lot of components of this bill. I want to go through some of them. There are going to be a few other speakers. But this would provide one national standard for NIL. You have kind of a patchwork right now, State by State.
Let me be clear, when this bill--or, hopefully, this bill passes, and a student-athlete will still be able to go get an NIL deal. Arch Manning or whoever, Austin Simmons, the great quarterback at the University of Missouri--they can still get their deal from Nike. Nothing in this bill prohibits that.
And while we are talking about it--because I am sure you are going to hear some criticisms from some people who are going to use some pretty--well, I will let them speak for themselves the language they are going to use about this.
The reality is, through the course of litigation, there is something called the House settlement. The House settlement established a revenue-sharing system with a cap of what is essentially $21.5 million right now.
OK, there are some football teams right now, which shall remain nameless, that have a football roster valued at over $40 million. How is this happening? Because that cap doesn't mean anything. Nobody can enforce anything. They are working around the cap.
So what this bill would do is set in statute that cap plus a retention pool number of $22.5 million and a $5 million number that doesn't count against the cap if it goes to women's sports.
So if anybody tells you we are taking money out of the system, we are not. Actually, we are ensuring that this marketplace still exists but with guardrails, with some stability, with some certainty.
The idea that somebody could, you know--this is a semester-by-semester thing. The roster turnover that we have seen, for fans, is a challenging thing. For players, they should have the ability to move but not every year.
If you ask somebody what is their honest opinion about this, it is ridiculous. At the end of the day, if you are losing money on your football program or all of your money is going to your football program, you are not going to subsidize women's tennis anymore or even baseball. Men's baseball doesn't generate revenue for 99 percent of the programs that are out there.
So the menu will shrink. The opportunities for those 500,000 student-athletes--whatever their color is--that will shrink. That number will shrink if we don't do something. If you would have asked me a few years ago about whether Congress should get involved in this, I would have been very, very skeptical. I am a fan, first and foremost, as I come to this. And I have tried to look at this as a lawyer, look at this as a lawmaker, look at this as a fan: What are the solutions that are necessary? And what we are doing here is something that this body--this Congress--is the only entity on the planet could do--nobody else. The conferences can try to enforce their own rules. They did it with some success recently with the pro situation in the SEC, in the Big Ten. But if this stuff is challenged, they have no legal ability, because of our antitrust laws, to actually enforce these rules. So we are giving that limited antitrust protection to enforce eligibility in 5 years, to enforce the one-time transfer. I think that is important, that ability to enforce those rules. The athletes--let's talk about the student-athletes for a second. Not only has that market been established--that is where it is right now. Now, I will tell you that maybe the one group that doesn't like this is the sports agents--the rich sports agents who wear Gucci suits and alligator shoes. They may not like this because there are no rules for agents right now. An agent can charge 30 percent on an 18-year-old, and, in some instances that I have heard of, they are lifetime earnings. That is nuts. The percentage an agent gets in the NFL is in the single digits--the low single digits. People are being taken advantage of. A buddy in the classroom might get you a better deal if you go to Wisconsin. Well, guess what. It wasn't a better situation. Maybe you didn't end up there. Maybe you ended up with less money. That agent or your friend or the "hanger-oner," he doesn't care; he got his cut. So this bill establishes rules for agents to get rid of scammers and the fraudsters from taking advantage of our student-athletes. And as I mentioned, you can still get your own NIL deal outside of the rev share and number, but it has to be for legitimate business purpose. There are examples after examples, but that is not actually the case right now, which is why you have this influx. And if you think for a moment Western Kentucky can compete with Ohio State in the long term, you are fooling yourself. Even, honestly, schools within the Power Four--within those particular conferences, it creates a great disparity. What fans really want is parity. This helps establish that. It helps create a structure by which teams can compete. It restores structure to that transfer portal. I think the thing that probably most people see--I have learned a lot of what is going on behind the scenes. But what people see, front and center, is probably the transfers where an entire defense is gone or an entire offense is gone. I am talking a lot about football just because it is football season and that is what most people see. It is the second most popular sport in this country. And while I am talking about that, it is worth mentioning that the bill, for the first time, provides the option--the option for conferences to pool their media rights. It is totally voluntarily. The SEC and the Big Ten don't want to do it. It is never going to happen. But college football is about $4 billion all in. The NBA has half the audience. It is $8 billion all in. Part of the reason for that is they are negotiating one unified rights deal. This would allow the conferences to have a unified rights deal if they want to, and that additional revenue--the billions and billions and billions more--can be used to protect women's sports and Olympic sports that are at risk. If you talk to anybody that actually knows this stuff, they will tell you that those opportunities are going to be limited. They are still going to have to comply with title IX, but they will do a one-for-one reduction in sports. So I mentioned that you have got the rev share pool, you have got the retention pool, you have got the money--the $5 million that doesn't count against that cap, if it is for women's sports. I think that is really important. There are a lot of different components with this bill that I have talked to a ton of colleagues on both sides of the aisle about. This is not a perfect bill. I probably have never voted for a perfect bill. I have filed perfect bills. I have filed a lot of perfect bills, but voting on perfect bills is a different matter. So there are going to be things--there are some things in this bill that I don't like actually. But, on balance, the time has come for the U.S. Senate to do something that it actually rarely does, which is to meet the moment. We are in a moment. This has the endorsement of every conference, all the schools, the NFL Players Association, student-athletes that have come here, legendary coaches who have seen the changes, HBCUs, the SWAC conference, the SEC, the Big Ten, all of them. They all recognize that there is a choice now, a binary choice, which is to do something to correct the major issues and provide stability so that we can continue to enjoy college athletics, which like I said, what we get to enjoy on Saturday afternoon or whenever a game is being played--I have two daughters, I think it is great what is happening with women's sports--that doesn't happen anywhere else in the world. It is a uniquely American institution. We can do that, or we can find some reason to not support it. We can grandstand and try to pretend that you are advocating for somebody that is being left out of this, but the truth is this bill will solve a ton of problems that are so obvious you would have to be not paying attention or not want to notice. And so I think that college athletes are protected; our sports that fans love are protected. It has become--college sports have become, in some ways, a professional league. I don't think it has been stripped of loyalty, continuity, the meaningful relationships of fans and their teams. This bill reestablishes that while still giving student-athletes a lot of options. I also wanted to say something about what sports mean to our constituents. I would say culturally, we do a lot of things up here that back home people wonder what are you talking about, what are you doing. This is a cultural issue. This is something that our folks back home do care about, and I think they want to know, they want to know when we see it, when everybody sees the challenges and the chaos that we can work together to get something done. I think at the heart of it, the restoring faith that this body can act in a way that takes a lot of different viewpoints from a lot of different groups and individuals and gets you to a place where a piece of legislation like this can get across the finish line. I want to thank--look, the bill is before you, but Senator Cantwell from the State of Washington has done a ton of great work on this; Senator Cruz from Texas. The three of us have spent a lot of time talking to a lot of people, getting input, making changes, trying to make the bill better. And I just don't think we can pretend inaction is a satisfying answer here. So we are all going to have an opportunity to vote on this, to proceed to this bill, and I hope that we do it. We are going to get one shot at this. We are going to get one shot. And I don't know--I am not Nostradamus. Nobody in here is. I don't know that we ever will again any time soon. I don't know what is going to happen whenever. I don't know if we are going to move on to other things, but we have got a moment here, like I said, that we can meet and actually do something. You know, if you want to put it--let me take a step back. I think this vote, this bill will define the trajectory of college athletics for decades, and that doesn't happen every day that we are confronted with those kinds of issues with a solution in front of us that has been worked on in a bipartisan way to try to solve these issues to protect an American institution--college sports. I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
The Senator from Illinois.
Department of Homeland Security (Executive Calendar)
Pages S4708–S4709 · Official textMr. President, last week marked 1 year since President Trump launched an assault against my home State of Illinois and characterized his Operation Midway Blitz. For months, chaos and terror reigned supreme in the streets and the city that I loved and am honored to represent.
This operation was supposedly targeting "the worst of the worst," as President Trump has claimed: Rapists, murderers, terrorists, child predators, we are going after them. We are going to arrest them, and if they are not properly documented, we are going to deport them.
It ended up targeting not that population but American citizens and immigrants who have built their lives and raised their families in Illinois, people who posed no threat whatsoever to the public safety.
Let me give you two examples. One was when an ICE agent in the streets of Chicago killed Silverio Villegas Gonzalez minutes after he had dropped off his children at a daycare in Franklin Park, a suburb of Chicago. Mr. Gonzalez lived in the Chicago area for nearly 20 years. His children were forced to enter foster care because of his murder.
Immediately after the shooting, the Department of Homeland Security claimed Mr. Villegas Gonzalez had hit and dragged an ICE agent with his car when he and another officer attempted to conduct a traffic stop causing serious injuries. However, there was a video of what actually happened, and it contradicted the claims made by the Department of Homeland Security.
In fact, Mr. Villegas Gonzalez is not shown hitting or dragging any officer with his car; and in the aftermath, one of the officers said his injuries were "nothing major."
In another disturbing example of the horrors of Operation Midway Blitz, an agent of the Department of Homeland Security shot my constituent Marimar Martinez--not once, not twice, five times. Afterwards, the shooter texted his fellow agents and bragged "I fired 5 rounds and she had 7 holes. Put that in your book boys."
The administration called Ms. Martinez a domestic terrorist. Ms. Martinez was on her way to her church. She had some clothing she was going to donate to the church clothing drive. That is when the ICE agents pulled her over. She was driving while Hispanic, which under the Midway Blitz rules was enough to stop her, threaten her, and shoot her five times.
What happened to the charges against her? All dropped. Not one single charge was prosecuted. This poor young woman, on her way to her church to give some clothing to a clothing drive, shot five times by ICE agents, and no charges filed against her at all.
Normally, when Federal agents engage in excessive force like I have just described, the Federal Bureau of Investigation steps in to investigate. They follow up, gathering evidence, videos, witnesses.
Instead, following the shooting of Miramar Martinez, FBI Director Kash Patel took to social media to falsely accuse Ms. Martinez of attacking immigration agents.
He said, "Attack our law enforcement, and this FBI will find you and bring you to justice." Tough talk when the video shows that this young woman did not engage in any illegal conduct.
Today, when I asked Kash Patel when he appeared before the Senate Judiciary Committee about his failure to investigate the shootings of Mr. Gonzalez and Ms. Martinez, he claimed there are ongoing investigations. We will see. It has been more than a year. He refused when he had a chance, and I gave him that chance, to apologize for attacking Ms. Martinez.
I don't have much faith in the director of the FBI Kash Patel, but if the FBI is, in fact, investigating these shootings, they must cooperate with State and local officials to bring these people to justice as well. If you go to the website of the FBI and look under the issue of civil rights, you will find the claim of that Agency that they are the leaders in investigating crimes involving civil rights; and historically that has been the case, but not under this administration.
If there is wrongdoing by an ICE agent or a DHS official or any suspicion that a crime has been committed, you hear nothing but crickets when it comes to the Department of Justice and the FBI.
Thankfully, the people of my home State are stepping in and shining a light on this administration's wrongdoing. Governor Pritzker established the Illinois Accountability Commission, an independent State board to investigate and document the conduct of Federal agents during Operation Midway Blitz.
After a 6-month investigation, the Commission found that most of these arrested under the operation were "not the worst of the worst."
The Commission found that from September through December of 2025, last year, the Department of Homeland Security detained over 3,900 people in Chicago; an estimated 85 percent had no criminal convictions. The worst of the worst? No.
And Operation Midway Blitz had negative economic consequences as well. I have been to these neighborhoods: Little Village, Pilsen. I have seen what is going on. People live in fear. They don't come out of their homes to go to church or to go shopping; they ask neighbors to do it for them, which they willingly do. But they are afraid of what will happen if ICE returns.
A new report by the Great Cities Institute at the University of Illinois Chicago shows that the failed operation of Midway Blitz of the Trump administration cost Cook County $1.26 billion in lost retail activity and restaurants.
Unfortunately, this administration has not stopped circumventing the Constitution and the laws of this country. In immigration courts around the country, immigration judges, employees of the Justice Department, I might add, have been holding so-called "mega master" court hearings. In these hearings, a single judge hears between 100 and 200 cases over the course of just a few hours.
Last month, I decided I would go personally to see these courts. I went to the Chicago Immigration Court to observe one of these "mega master" hearings. That day, 850 people were scheduled to appear. The court was so packed that people missed their hearing times because they couldn't get from the lobby to the courtroom in time.
There is no way that individuals can meaningfully defend themselves or have due process in this kind of a hearing. I observed a particularly troubling "mega master" docket for children. What I saw was heartbreaking. Children who State court found had been abused, abandoned, or neglected, are forced to appear in court without parents and explain why they deserve to stay in this country, all while facing language and cognitive barriers.
The last case on the docket that morning was a high school-aged Guatemalan child. Remember, the State courts have a finding that these children have been abandoned or abused or neglected. Because of the delay in finding a translator that day who spoke his dialect, he was forced to sit and watch every other child before him before he was ordered deported.
After rambling off a litany of directives through the translator, the judge asked the child if he had any questions. The young boy said "Why are you sending me back to Guatemala? What did I do?"
The answer is devastatingly clear. That poor boy is just the latest victim of President Trump and Stephen Miller's evil vision of a hateful America that turns its back on immigrants.
The President's reckless mass deportation campaign has steamrolled the rights and liberties guaranteed by our Constitution. Its countless victims including Marimar Martinez and Silverio Villegas Gonzalez deserve justice and accountability.
That is why my Illinois colleagues and I requested an investigation by the DHS Office of Inspector General into the patterns of misconduct and unconstitutional use of force during DHS's mass deportation operations including Midway Blitz.
Let me be clear, it is long past time that Congress holds the President and his MAGA loyalists accountable for failing to focus on public safety.
I am retiring at the end of this year. We have very few meetings of this Senate left before the new Senate is brought in to be sworn in on January 3. We still have time to pass meaningful immigration legislation. We still have time, on a bipartisan basis, to resolve some of the many issues that face us.
I just left a press conference where we talked about the restaurant industry. We talked about food service and the importance of immigrants. You may not notice in the wait staff many immigrants, but believe me, behind that swinging door are a lot of people who are undocumented and working. A friend of mine who is in the business in Chicago said if you took the undocumented out of Chicago, you could just start closing down restaurants and hotels.
These people are hard-working people taking jobs that Americans, frankly, don't want because they are so darn tough, but they do it for their families as all immigrants have done in the past, my own family included. Why do we sneer at these people who work so hard, who make this economy hum, who take the jobs which other Americans won't touch?
Why do we want to deport them back to situations that could be the scene of the crime for the very reasons that they came to the United States? That just isn't fair, and it isn't realistic.
We still have time to do something. When it comes to the Dream Act, I will continue to fight for that as long as I can stand on this floor of the Senate, and, thereafter, if necessary. We have got to come together on a bipartisan basis and do something constructive to set the immigration laws in this country on the right track. It has been 30 years since we have done anything of substance on immigration--30 years, and things have changed dramatically in this country and in this world.
We can do more, and we should do more. Operation Midway Blitz was the extreme. Innocent people were killed in the streets of Chicago and other cities across the United States.
It is only right that we investigate these crimes and find out if there is any violation of civil rights and prosecute it if there is.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
The Senator from Ohio.
Protect College Sports Act (Executive Calendar)
Pages S4709–S4714 · Official textMr. President, I rise today to speak about the future of college athletics and American student-athletes.
Congress is being asked to take action to save college sports. Well, as we consider what we need to do to save college sports, we better make sure that we are focused on saving it for American student-athletes.
For generations, college sports have become a part of culture, particularly in a State like Ohio. A lot of States love their college sports. It is part of American culture and it is an important part of campus life for many American students and we want to make sure that that remains the case.
But sports mean so much more than that. So many of America's leaders have a sports background, whether that is in politics, business, or whatever it might be. For obvious reasons, it helps you build character. It makes you tougher. You learn discipline, teamwork, all of the things that are virtuous parts of succeeding in life.
I know this firsthand. I grew up very rural and went to high school in a small town, and no one in my family had attended college--no one. And the only thing I wanted to do as a kid is that I wanted to play college football.
I got to watch the Ohio State Buckeyes and even one of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. You watched them when you were a kid on TV, and you said: Hey, I don't know anything about college, but I would like to go play college football.
And that is what got me interested in going to college--because I wanted to play college football. I literally didn't know a person who had gone to college other than my teachers and coaches. I didn't know anybody, but I wanted to go to college because I wanted to play college sports.
And if you want to play college sports, the pathway to developing you as a human being starts long before you graduate from high school because if you want to play college sports, you have got to prepare.
From the time you played Little League Baseball or maybe now youth soccer, youth basketball, football--whatever your sport is--you start to develop yourself, your character, as a young person with that goal in mind, that one day maybe you can go play for that team that you dreamed of when you were a little kid.
For me, I ended up playing football at the University of Dayton. I was a highly prized recruit. I was the seventh-team running back when I got there. I bet most people didn't know that you could be that low on the depth chart. I actually was that low on the depth chart.
And as a matter of fact, the equipment manager didn't even want to give me a jersey number that I could be a running back because he said I was never going to play there.
But the good news is that if you develop that character that you get from sports like football, where you get knocked down and you got to get back up, you learn never to quit. That is why sports is such an important part of people's lives.
And, for me, that resilience paid off because, later, I ended up having the opportunity to be a starting defensive back, eventually became a national champion and an all-American.
I would never have developed that character without the opportunity to play sports, and I tell you today there is no way I would be standing here as a U.S. Senator if it weren't for college athletics, for giving me the chance to develop myself from a kid who grew up where they didn't know anybody that went to college to somebody who not only graduated but got a chance to succeed in athletics.
And I want that for everybody in this country. I want every kid--little kid--who has a dream of going to play athletics, whether it is on the tennis team, golf team, hockey, whatever it is, that they have a chance to do that.
But, increasingly, American student-athletes are being denied this opportunity because more and more roster spots are going to student-athletes from other nations.
While the Protect College Sports Act takes a material step toward making our Nation's college sports leagues competitive again, it has one critical omission: It doesn't look out for American student-athletes in their academic and athletic journeys.
As I said, more scholarships--and in this case, roster spots--I am not talking about a scholarship. I am talking about a roster spot--a chance to play--are going to non-Americans.
And there is no incentive for colleges to prioritize American student-athletes. And with the NIL funds that are coming in, it is going to create a bigger and bigger incentive for pro athletes from other nations to come play college sports in America and take roster spots away from American citizens.
These taxpayer-funded institutions should prioritize American students, and, additionally, the Protect College Sports Act fails to address the gray area created by the overlap in immigration law and revenue-sharing structures.
Student-athletes often come to the United States under F-1 visa status. This visa status has strict limitations on compensation via employment.
But to avoid jeopardizing visa status, colleges and universities structure payments to international student-athletes as passive income out of revenue-sharing funds and get around those prohibitions, again, creating an incentive for more roster spots and more scholarships to go to student-athletes who are not American citizens.
It is not right. If you ask Congress to protect college sports, we should be protecting it for American student-athletes. And that is why I introduced the Training and Education for American Members in University Sports and Athletics Act--the TEAM USA Act--with House Education and Workforce Chair Walberg.
The TEAM USA Act would encourage universities to prioritize American students when recruiting the best talent, and the proposal places a 20-percent cap on international student roster spots per sport with delayed implementation so that current student-athletes are not disrupted.
So, understand, I am not calling for a ban. We welcome international student-athletes to America. Twenty percent of the roster spots--that is fine. But we have some rosters in which there is not a single U.S. citizen on that roster in some of our nonrevenue sports.
That is not right. It is not the way it should be. We support competition, but we want to make sure that it is a valuable opportunity for American student-athletes because sports were created not to make big revenue and big money for college athletic programs; they were created to build character amongst our students in our schools. It was designed originally to teach--yes, we want to have academics in our schools, but we also are going to have extracurricular athletics to teach physical fitness, toughness, leadership, and character. That is what it is all about, and to deny increasingly those opportunities to American student-athletes is wrong.
And so as Congress considers the future of NIL and college sports, protecting opportunities for American student-athletes must come first.
American colleges and universities are increasingly giving scholarships and these limited roster spots to foreign athletes, and the growth of NIL money only creates more incentives for foreign athletes to cash in on the American system at the expense of student-athletes in this country.
If the U.S. Congress is being asked to save college sports, we better darn sure make sure that we save it for American student-athletes.
I don't expect governments of other nations to look out for American student-athletes, but I sure expect the U.S. Government to look out for American student-athletes. And that is why I have introduced the legislation, why it needs to be part of this discussion, so that American student-athletes still have the opportunity, like lots of little boys and little girls out there today who dream, have a dream, to be able to play college sports one day, shouldn't see that opportunity given away to someone who is not an American citizen.
We can balance both. We can find a way to welcome the best from other nations and also protect roster spots for American student-athletes.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
The Senator from New Jersey.
Mr. President, I want to speak forcefully against the Protect College Sports Act. There are a handful of us--like my colleagues--who played college sports. I was a high school all-American Player of the Year for my State, on the same USA TODAY All-America team with people like Emmitt Smith, and got a full scholarship.
In so many ways, like my colleagues, I am here, afforded opportunities I probably would never have had if it weren't for college athletics.
But while a college student and a player, I saw how unjust the NCAA is. It is a serial monopolist, controlling an industry over $15 billion strong and rapidly growing.
And the NCAA has a long record of ignoring the cries for justice from exploited college athletes. The NCAA protects its members, it protects the colleges, and it has repeatedly put college athletes in horrible positions.
For generations, billions of dollars were being made that were given to coaches, ADs. Everybody was making money, but college athletes weren't. It wasn't until college athletes were able to begin to win cases in court that States, seeing the injustices, began to change the law. That started to shift the power table. And now the NCAA is coming here to the U.S. Senate, asking for sweeping powers that exempt our antitrust laws.
Well, my concerns I have grown to have over the years are not addressed in this bill. This bill does not do enough to protect college athletes' health and safety and well-being. And as a result of that, the number of groups opposed to it is almost too long to read.
I am going to submit for the Record a full list, but let me just read some of them: every College Athletes Players Association; the College Football Players Association; the United College Athletes Association; all the associations of college sports; all of our major unions, the AFL-CIO, the United Steelworkers; all of our major civil rights organizations, the NAACP, the Urban League; all of our major legal think tanks that protect the health, well-being, and justice like the Center for Law and Policy. I could go on and on about those people who object to this bill because it is not protecting athletes.
And think about this: It is doing all kinds of things to stop players from earning money--putting bureaucracy between them and the possibilities--but it does nothing to affect coaches.
So, in other words, it is treating college athletes as a different class. Meanwhile, coaches' salaries--often, in most States, the highest paid people in their State governments are the basketball or the football coaches--their salaries continue to skyrocket, with close to 15 coaches right now having almost a quarter-of-a-billion-dollar buyout for their contracts.
This is an unjust bill, and I want to deal very quickly with some of the top lines.
First and foremost, we have a bill that doesn't solve the problems it claims to solve. It says it is going to fix a system that is broken. Well, the NCAA conferences and schools continue to lose major court cases.
This bill is going to take away the power of athletes to be able to sue for their rights. It says in this bill that, oh, we are preserving an individual right of action for individual athletes. Well, let me tell you right now, any lawyer worth their salt will tell you that somebody competing for the starting pitcher spot on a softball team is not going to sue their college in hopes they are going to get justice if they are facing sexual assault or if they have been forced to play through an injury or if there has been a breaking of any of the rules around the NCAA that purports to support our students. It is creating a cartel for them, a monopoly for them, and inadequate protections for college athletes and undermining their ability--should they even choose to sue, undermining their ability to have a fair day in court.
It is not protecting the spending problem. Schools increasingly claim that athlete compensation has created unprecedented financial pressure at the same time that football coaches and basketball coaches continue to see higher and higher salaries. This bill responds by placing federally imposed ceilings on athlete compensation while leaving every other major expense free to continue to increase. How much schools are spending on their facilities, paying their ADs, paying their coaches and assistant coaches--all of those prices continue to go up, but it is the college athletes that are going to be facing the caps.
We see protections for women's and Olympic sports, which I agree on. They are in this bill. But those protections expire while the antitrust protections do not. You go to section 125 of the bill. It has protections for those roster sports and grant and aid opportunities in those sports, but those protections expire after 4 or 9 years. It is a lie to say that this bill is protecting Olympic sports because it is not. It only does so for a handful of years.
Permanent antitrust exemption, temporary protection for college athletes competing in Olympic sports. Why would we do that? Why would we do that? We should give not permanent exemption if we are not doing it in other parts of the bill, and even that is questionable.
The NCAA's record over decades does not justify giving it more control. We are giving them more authority over a group of Americans, and yet we are not asking for the right things in return--protections for athletes, their health, their well-being, their safety, equality for others involved in the sport.
The bill claims to codify into law athletes' ability to benefit from NIL. Athletes already enjoy this right. They fought decades for it. The bill just puts new redtape there.
The bill includes protections for athletes' health and safety and education. Yes, but do you know what? Without a meaningful enforcement mechanism, these protections are basically suggestions.
This bill relies exclusively on that private right of action in section 119, placing the burden on young athletes and young athletes alone to enforce anything within this bill.
They claim that schools and conferences and NCAA coaches support the Protect College Sports Act. Of course they support it--they are getting all of the financial gain and putting all of the burden and compromises and givebacks to college athletes, including their ability to win in court.
Oh, and there is a cynical part of this. They say they are going to help historically Black colleges and universities. I want everyone like me who has been fighting for HBCUs, who supports HBCUs, to understand the cynicism in this bill. This bill authorizes money. It authorizes money. It does not appropriate one single dollar. What you get is a promise for future funds, but we know that time and time again, Congress authorizes funding and that funding is never delivered.
This bill includes provisions of the SAFE Act, which I supported. Well, this leaves out a critical distinction between the SAFE Act and athletes' protections with meaningful enforcement. The SAFE Act included the State attorneys general being able to enforce it; this bill does not. The SAFE Act didn't give the NCAA and conferences sweeping new antitrust shields; this bill does. So, yes, there are some provisions from my earlier work in this bill, but they are toothless because of the lack of enforcement power.
This is a growing grassroots effort, I hear, to support this bill. Well, I am seeing millions of dollars' worth of commercials being funded by all the financial interests behind this bill, but who is protecting college athletes?
I will give an example, and I will end with this because I know time is short. I want to make sure, though, that I can enter for the Record--I am going to ask the President--I would like to enter into the Record some letters.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record a letter from college athletes organizations; this letter from civil rights organizations and former attorneys general; and this letter from college athletes safety organizations, college athletes sexual abuse survivor organizations, and families of college athletes who died following athletic activities--all speaking to the urgency to stop this bill.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows: Committee to Support Antitrust Laws, September 14, 2026. Dear Leaders Thune and Schumer, Chairman Cruz, and Ranking Member Cantwell: We are part of the Wisne litigation, challenging the NCAA's unfair decision to exclude our high school graduating class from the new 5 for 5 eligibility rule. Because of the NCAA's actions, we have not bien allowed to compete in a fifth season even though our school expressly stated that there was a roster spot for us. Under NCAA rules, we cannot personally advocate for ourselves; only our school can do so. And if they don't, athletes like us have no choice but to sue, which is why there is the chaos that the NCAA complains about. They have only themselves to blame--by denying us a voice, they've given us no choice but to sue to stand up for ourselves. Under the PCSA, our right to sue the NCAA for excluding us from the new 5 for 5 rule would be taken away. No college athlete would ever again have the ability to hold the NCAA accountable for limiting eligibility in this way. In fact, the PCSA would permanently eliminate athletes' rights to challenge all NCAA rules on eligibility, compensation and transfers, no matter how unlawful or unfair. We have never been consulted by our school, our conference, the NCAA, or anyone in Congress on any of the issues addressed in the PCSA, yet they are the "terms and conditions" under which we and other college athletes will be forced to participate going forward. The athletes who have presented testimony in favor of the PCSA before the Senate Commerce Committee are not representative of the vast majority of collegiate athletes. While there is much talk in the media about the need for federal legislation, a much better approach to "protecting college sports" would be for the NCAA and the Conferences to work with athletes to develop fair rules that don't violate antitrust and other laws, and then to enforce them in a process where students are given the ability to stand up for themselves and be treated fairly. The PCSA will hurt college athletes like us by giving the NCAA the power to set all the rules without any oversight or accountability. We urge the Senate to protect athletes and vote no. Sincerely, Abigail Jeffries, Queens, New York Athlete at Long Island University Track & Field; Aislin Malcolm, Carnegie, Pennsylvania Athlete at Robert Morris University Basketball; Amelia Fidge, Honolulu, Hawaii Athlete University of Hawaii at Manoa Softball; Andie-Marie Jones, Maryville, Tennessee Athlete at University of Tennessee Cross Country and Track & Field; Anthony Brotz, Bath, New York Athlete at Marist University Baseball; Brett Griffiths, West Sacramento, California Athlete at Ball State University Baseball; Cade Tyson, Monroe, North Carolina Athlete at the University of
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Minnesota Basketball; Carolyn Lau, Westport, Connecticut Northwestern University Basketball; Colin Becker, Centerville, Ohio Athlete at Belmont University Baseball.
Courtney Quirk, Londonberrv, New Hampshire Athlete at Jacksonville University Lacrosse; Daniela Mendez-Trendler, Reistertown, Maryland Athlete at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Field Hockey; Doryn Smith, Martinsburg, West Virginia Athlete at Cornell University Football; Dubem Obilo, Oakville, Ontario, Canada Athlete at University of Wisconsin--Green Bay Soccer; Gabriella Gonzales, Helotes, Texas Athlete at University of Northern Colorado Softball; Hayden Andrew Lewis, Scottsdale, Arizona Athlete at University of Washington Baseball; Henry Chabot, Paradise Valley, Arizona Athlete at University of Southern California Baseball; Isaiah Jones, Nashville, Tennessee Athlete at University of South Florida Basketball; Jade Masogayo, Fort Worth, Texas Athlete at the University of Colorado-Boulder Basketball.
Jake Morell, Sacramento, California Athlete at Seattle University Baseball; Jonathan Kumer, Crozet, Virginia Athlete at College of William and Mary Track & Field; Keaten Wade, Spring Hill, Tennessee Athlete at University of Kentucky and University of Colorado-Boulder Football; Lais Gasparini e Silva, San Jose, California Athlete at San Jose State University Swimming & Diving; Lucy Adams, Andover, Massachusetts Athlete at Brown University Field Hockey; Riley Stewart, Englewood, Colorado Athlete, Georgetown University Cross Country, Track and Field; Ryan Ford, Westfield. Indiana Athlete at University of Cincinnati Golf; Ryleigh Heck, Ocean City, New Jersey Athlete at Universitv of North Carolina Field Hockey; Sam DeCarlo, Signal Hill, California Athlete at The University of Washington Baseball.
Saniah Tyler, Florissant, Missouri Athtete at University of Missouri-Columbia Basketball; Tyler Deleskiewicz, Genoa City, Wisconsin Athlete at Northern Illinois University Baseball; Sophia Barjesteh Woodbury, Minnesota Athlete at Universitv of St. Thomas Soccer.
__________
September 14, 2026.
Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell: As organizations and former antitrust enforcers committed to building a robust, fair economy and fighting against abuses of corporate power, we write to express our serious concerns with S. 4668, the Protect College Sports Act (PCSA), as currently drafted. The broad antitrust exemption in Title I, the expansion of the Sports Broadcasting Act in Title II, and the absence of any meaningful enforcement mechanisms will grant the NCAA unprecedented power exempt from the state and federal oversight and laws that apply to all other business enterprises in America. Taken together, these provisions radically empower the NCAA to continue its longstanding and well-documented exploitation of college athletes for its own financial benefit, while depriving college athletes of meaningful protections from the NCAA's outsized economic power. Should these issues remain unaddressed, we cannot support the PCSA.
The PCSA Would Codify the Most Sweeping Antitrust Exemption in More Than 80 Years
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The PCSA includes a broad antitrust exemption that would immunize the NCAA from any federal or state enforcement for weaponizing its enormous power over college athletes to cap pay, limit eligibility and transfers, or otherwise impose burdens or restrictions on players. This would constitute the most sweeping antitrust exemption granted by Congress since the McCarren-Ferguson Act of 1945. Traditionally, antitrust immunity is granted only when the parties agree to rules through a collective bargaining process--and only for so long as a bargaining relationship is in place--or when rules are conditioned on state or federal regulatory oversight. However, neither protection is included in the PCSA.
An antitrust exemption would be particularly harmful to college athletes, as it is the only tool they have to protect themselves from the predatory and exploitative behavior the NCAA and its member schools are known for. It may be difficult to believe, but there is not--and never has been--a mechanism for college athletes to challenge the NCAA themselves. The association has no internal dispute resolution system for athletes and regularly takes advantage of its existing levers to disadvantage college athletes.
The PCSA Will Be Applied Retroactively to Pending Lawsuits
Unsurprisingly, there have been multiple actions brought by athletes in recent years that are currently pending on state and federal judges' dockets to fight back against decades of abuse. The PCSA is silent on the question of whether it will apply to pending lawsuits, except for cases involving prohibited gambling. That means, in many cases, courts will apply the PCSA's antitrust exemption retroactively to lawsuits that were brought before the law was passed, insulating the NCAA from accountability in ongoing matters.
Furthermore, the NCAA has refused to accept amendments to the PCSA that would remedy this ambiguity by providing in express terms that the legislation applies only to lawsuits filed after the date of enactment. There is only one logical explanation--the NCAA hopes that the exemption within the PCSA will relieve them of accountability in lawsuits that are currently pending, which would be enormously unfair to athletes who have spent time and money to pursue their rights.
The PCSA Grants the NCAA Unprecedented Powers to Enforce the Law Without Any Government Oversight
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While the PCSA does include important protections for college athletes, crucially, it fails to create a workable mechanism to enforce those rights and deter non-compliance. The PCSA also does not establish a new federal regime to monitor whether the NCAA and its member schools are complying with the bills' protections for college athletes. Importantly, the PCSA fails to grant any government entity authority to enforce the PCSA. Instead, enforcement of the bill's provisions relies exclusively on a newly created and fundamentally unworkable private right of action that fails to protect college athletes. As a result, the NCAA and its members will not be seriously deterred from violating the new law, and athletes will effectively have no recourse to challenge the NCAA when violations inevitably occur.
The bill's private right of action is a paper tiger that will let down harmed athletes seeking recourse, providing a false pretense of justice but leaving them and their families out to dry. Because of key flaws, the vast majority of college athletes will be unable to bring a lawsuit when the NCAA violates the new rules established by the PCSA. First, the remedy in the legislation is limited to "actual damages." The antitrust laws, by contrast, provide for treble damages to encourage victims to bring suit, punish perpetrators, and create a disincentive to bad conduct. This divergence from other antitrust laws matters because actual damages in these cases are fairly low. Thus, while they may be lifechanging for athletes disadvantaged by the NCAA, they would not cover the costs necessary to bring complex lawsuits.
Additionally. the bill does not provide a meaningful pathway for athletes to recover their attorney's fees. The PCSA places the award of attorney's fees in the discretion of the court, and only if attorney's fees are "otherwise allowed under applicable law." No other "applicable law" has been identified that would allow for payment of attorney's fees to a prevailing plaintiff. This will leave all but the wealthiest athletes without the ability to pay their lawyers at the end of meritorious cases.
Lastly, the private right of action includes a "notice and cure" provision that requires the athlete to provide notice to the defendant 30 days before filing a lawsuit. If the defendant "cures" the violation within those 30 days, the athlete cannot pursue the claim. The notice-and-cure provision gives the deep-pocketed NCAA the ability to delay litigation and run up costs over frivolous disputes by claiming to have "cured" violations when they have not.
Taken together, the private right of action's flawed construction will make it almost impossible for athletes to find attorneys willing able to take on the financial burden and additional hoops these cases will carry while the NCAA pays its own lawyers thousands of dollars per hour. The private right of action in the bill is designed to prevent athletes from ever obtaining real relief, and if the PCSA is passed, will very likely succeed.
The PCSA Grants the NCAA--a Serial Law Violator--Unprecedented
Antitrust Immunity
Congress rarely grants immunity from the antitrust laws, and for good reason. Exempting an entity like the NCAA, with dozens of violations under its belt, is unconscionable. The NCAA has used its power to violate our antitrust laws for decades and is now demanding that Congress remove athletes' only effective tool for holding it accountable. Congress should not aid the NCAA in this endeavor.
As currently conceived, this is not a bill that protects college sports. It is a bill that protects the NCAA's ability to abuse its power over college athletes. A vote for the PCSA is a vote against college athletes. It tells them their rights are trivial when a billion-dollar entity like the NCAA starts making demands. It even gives the NCAA the ability to exclude conferences and schools from championships and tournaments--like the College Football Playoffs, March Madness, and the College World Series--free of the antitrust laws' restrictions. Unless these sweeping antitrust exemptions and broken, unworkable enforcement structure are significantly improved, we urge you to oppose this legislation.
Sincerely,
American Economic Liberties Project, American Family Voices, Center for Law and Social Policy, Committee to Support the Antitrust Laws, Consumer Federation of America, Courage California, Demand Progress, Economic Security Project Action, Groundwork Collaborative, Open Market Institute, P Street, Service Employees International Union, United College Athletes Association.
Roger Alford, Former Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Antitrust Division U.S. Department of Justice; William Baer, Former Acting Associate Attorney General Former Assistant Attorney General Antitrust Division U.S. Department of Justice; John M. Newman, Herff Chair of Excellence University of Memphis School of Law Former Deputy Director Bureau of Competition Federal Trade Commission; Richard
Powers, Former Acting Assistant Attorney General Antitrust Division U.S. Department of Justice.
__________
September 9, 2026.
Dear Majority Leader Thune, Democratic Leader Schumer, Chairman Cruz, and Ranking Member Cantwell: We, the undersigned, are college athlete sexual abuse survivors and whistleblowers, families whose children died following athletic activities, and organizations that advocate for the safety and well-being of college athletes. We urge you not to advance the Protect College Sports Act (now pending before the full Senate) or any federal college sports legislation unless it provides athlete protections that victims can actually enforce, and meaningful independent third-party enforcement of athlete health and safety protections. The PCSA's enforcement structure fails athletes in four fundamental ways.
First, the PCSA promises athlete victims a right to sue, but a major sovereign-immunity loophole can make that right unusable for many athletes at public universities, which comprise roughly two-thirds of Division I. Many public universities are treated as arms of their States and can invoke sovereign immunity against private damages claims under federal statutes such as the PCSA. Yet the PCSA contains no nationwide mechanism to secure a constitutionally valid waiver of that immunity. One consequence of this is a two-tier system: an athlete at a private university may recover damages for the same safety violation that leaves an athlete at an immune public university without a PCSA damages remedy. [See NCPA's analysis of the PCSA's state sovereign-immunity loophole.]
Even Title IX may not protect a sexual-abuse victim from this gap. In Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District, the U.S. Supreme Court denied Title IX damages despite a teacher's sexual relationship with a student because no appropriate school official had actual notice and responded with deliberate indifference. Because the PCSA imposes broader duties to prevent, assess, and remediate sexual abuse, an athlete could have a viable PCSA safety claim but no Title IX damages claim--only to have the PCSA claim blocked by state sovereign immunity.
Congress has already addressed this exact immunity problem in federal student protections. Federal law governing Title IX states: "A State shall not be immune under the Eleventh Amendment of the Constitution of the United States from suit in Federal court for a violation" of Title IX 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000d-7(a)(1). Yet the PCSA leaves its new federal athlete protections without comparable protection from state sovereign immunity. It is unthinkable to create new federal protections against sexual abuse in the PCSA while knowingly leaving many public-university athletes unable to enforce them.
Allowing that athlete to pursue a separate claim under state law is also no substitute. In Florida, state law can shield the public university itself from damages for a coach's or trainer's intentional and malicious assault or abuse of an athlete--including sexual assault or other intentional sexual abuse (Fla. Stat. Sec. 768.28(9)(a)). Even when the university can be held responsible for negligence, Florida generally limits what it can be required to pay to $200,000 per person (Fla. Stat. Sec. 768.28(5)(a)). After University of Central Florida football player Ereck Plancher died during conditioning drills, a jury awarded his parents $10 million, but sovereign immunity limited the UCF Athletics Association's liability for payment to $200,000. (Plancher v. UCF Athletics Ass'n. Inc.).
Texas can likewise shield a public university from state-law damages for a coach's or trainer's intentional assault or abuse of an athlete--including sexual assault or other intentional sexual abuse--because Texas law does not waive immunity for claims arising from assault, battery, or other intentional wrongdoing (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Sec. 101.057(2)). Congress should not create federal protections that many victims at public universities cannot enforce and then point them toward state remedies that may also be capped or unavailable.
Second, college sports' longstanding system of university "self-policing" has a devastating record of failing to stop, properly investigate, or report sexual abuse, hazing, dangerous workouts, serious injuries, and preventable deaths. A 2021 national survey found that more than 1 in 4 current and former college athletes surveyed reported inappropriate sexual contact by a campus authority figure. Many of us have already endured sexual abuse, institutional betrayal, or the death of a loved one. Congress must not compound that harm by leaving victims and families without meaningful accountability. Yet the PCSA would federalize this failed and dangerous self-policing system: its safety officer is a university employee reporting within the university, the bill's Ombudsman cannot independently investigate violations, impose penalties, or order corrective action. An institution accused of failing an athlete must not get to police itself.
Congress recognized that athletes should not have to rely on sports institutions to police themselves when it enacted federal law designating SafeSport as an independent national organization with authority to receive abuse complaints, investigate, and impose sanctions within the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Movement. A college athlete sexually abused by a trainer within the Olympic Movement can report the abuse to SafeSport, which can independently investigate and impose sanctions. If that same athlete is sexually abused by her college athletic trainer outside SafeSport's jurisdiction, the PCSA leaves her with no comparable independent enforcement entity to protect her.
The same problem extends beyond sexual abuse. When college athletes have died in preventable workouts, families have had to fight universities themselves for answers and independent investigations. These tragedies demonstrate why institutions accused of failing athletes should not be left to police themselves. Yet that is the unjust system the PCSA would preserve in federal law.
Although the PCSA contains anti-retaliation language, it does not require coaches, athletic personnel, medical professionals, or administrators to report suspected abuse, dangerous workouts, serious injuries, or athlete deaths to an independent enforcement entity. Its only new safety-reporting mandate keeps reporting inside the university, directing one university-designated employee to report suspected violations to another. At immune public universities, even the bill's promised whistleblower damages, attorney's fees, and backpay may be unenforceable against the university.
Third, restrictions imposed on athletes have teeth while many protections promised to athletes do not.
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Congress clearly knows how to create strong enforcement under the PCSA: the bill expressly shields from antitrust liability NCAA and conference penalties used to enforce compensation, eligibility, transfer, recruiting and tampering, and related restrictions. Yet when universities violate safety standards, the PCSA creates no independent enforcement entity with authority to investigate violations, compel evidence, impose meaningful penalties, discipline responsible personnel, and order corrective action.
Finally, the PCSA imposes a 30-day "cure" provision across its general private right of action that can bar a lawsuit, but never defines what violations are curable. That leaves universities room to argue that after-the-fact training, policy changes, or other corrective action "cures" even a completed violation and eliminates the athlete's federal damages claim. After-the-fact training cannot undo sexual abuse or restore a life. Nor should a university be able to escape liability for harm already inflicted merely by promising to do better after it is caught. The bill also fails to guarantee attorneys' fees to prevailing athletes under this general private right of action.
Congress should not enact sweeping legislation governing the economics of college sports while leaving the athletes whose bodies make college sports possible without independent safety enforcement and meaningful access to justice when those protections are violated.
Before any further Senate action, we respectfully request a meeting with each of you so you can hear directly from representatives of the undersigned about what we and our loved ones experienced when college sports institutions failed to prevent or properly respond to sexual abuse, dangerous athletics practices, serious injuries, and preventable deaths. These are not abstract policy concerns to us. We know firsthand the consequences when institutions are allowed to police themselves, when reports of abuse or dangerous practices remain inside the institution, and when victims are left without meaningful accountability after the harm is done. Universities, conferences, and other powerful college-sports interests have had extensive opportunities to make their case as this legislation has developed. Before Congress grants sweeping new federal protections to the college-sports system, we ask that you hear directly from those of us who have experienced the consequences when that system fails athletes.
We also ask each of you for a definitive commitment on the legislation itself. Whether or not a meeting can be arranged, please answer the following question publicly and in writing before any further Senate action, beginning your response with "yes" or "no"; any explanation may follow:
"Yes or no: will you oppose advancing the PCSA or any similarly sweeping federal college sports legislation unless, at a minimum, it includes all of the following: a constitutionally sound mechanism to overcome state sovereign immunity and ensure athletes can recover damages from public universities when their federal rights are violated; an independent third-party safety-enforcement entity that is structurally separate from universities, conferences, and athletic associations, with authority to receive complaints, investigate violations, compel relevant evidence, discipline responsible personnel, impose meaningful penalties, and order corrective action; mandatory reporting of suspected abuse, dangerous workouts, medical interference, serious injuries, and athlete deaths to that independent entity, with anti-retaliation protections backed by remedies enforceable against both public and private universities; protection against the 30-day cure loophole extinguishing claims or damages for harm already done; and guaranteed reasonable attorneys' fees and litigation costs for prevailing athletes so they can actually secure legal representation?"
This letter is limited solely to athlete safety, institutional accountability, and victims' ability to enforce their rights. Signatories may oppose, support, or take no position on any other aspect of the PCSA, and their signatures should not be construed as taking a position on any other provision of the legislation. On these issues, however, we oppose
advancing the PCSA in its current form unless these
fundamental enforcement failures are fixed. Congress must
finally end decades of failed self-policing, not federalize
it.
Sincerely,
College Athlete Sexual-Abuse Survivors and University
Whistleblowers, Amy Leclair, Survivor, Caitlin Mackey,
Survivor, Chrissy Ball, Survivor, Patric Scott, Former
faculty of 20 years, Filmmaker, Whistleblower, Sage Hopkins,
Head Women's Swimming and Diving Coach, Whistleblower;
Families of College Athletes Who Died Following Athletics
Activities, Don Mazza, Father of Michael Mazza, Deceased,
Joanne Atkins-Ingram, Mother of Braeden Bradforth, Deceased,
Ken and Kristen Sheely, Parents of Derek Sheely, Deceased,
Martin "Marty" McNair, Father of Jordan McNair, Deceased;
College Athlete Safety Organizations, The Derek Sheely
Foundation, The Jordan McNair Foundation.
Mr. BOOKER. Mr. President, I want to end with this. I gave an example of the lies that the NCAA tells--that they are about the protection of student-athletes first. The example I gave was a change the NFL did, which all of us who are football fans know about, when they said: You know what, we are going to change the kickoff rules.
Why did they change the kickoff rules? Well, I know from my personal experience of screaming down a field trying to break UCLA's wedge; I learned this from rushing down the field to try to tackle people, playing against USC; I learned this in playing Notre Dame--that one of the most dangerous things you could do is get a full head of steam and run down on a kickoff.
Well, they changed the kickoff rules to protect NFL athletes, and it has worked. There are less injuries in this area. It is working. Is there a peep from the NCAA? Don't you think that college sports should have more protective policies than the pros? Well, no. The pros--it is a business. We all know that. They invest millions of dollars in these employees of theirs, and they are taking actions to protect their players that the NCAA isn't.
The NCAA is an economic group of actors who seek to maximize profit. Look at their decades-long history. It is not about player protection. How do I know that? There are no enforceable standards for sexual assault. There are no enforceable standards for heatstroke. We have cases right now of brain injuries. I have friends of mine still paying for the medical costs for injuries they incurred putting thousands of people into seats.
When it comes to academic graduation rates, when it comes to all the things they tell people they are concerned with, the evidence speaks that that is not their No. 1 concern. And this body wants to give them sweeping antitrust power permanently, in perpetuity, forever, with no accountability. No accountability to Congress. Limited accountability in the courts. No accountability to the girls and boys, the young student-athletes, the college players who bring this country together, who give us some of our greatest life experiences.
This is unfair. This is unjust. This is wrong. Hundreds of organizations that represent student-athletes, that represent ideals of justice, that represent ideals of economic justice--heck, you even have somebody like Brett Kavanaugh--excuse me--you have even somebody like Gorsuch saying things like: It is a business model--this is the NCAA--that would be flatly illegal in any other industry in America.
Yet we are moving rocket-speed when most of the Members haven't even gotten the final bill yet. They literally haven't put the bill in most of the offices here, and we are rushing to move on to it right now without reading the bill, without discussing it, without having hearings that have college athletes that have justifiable experiences, survivors of sexual assault, parents whose children have died, people that have court cases against the NCAA right now.
The NCAA knows it is going to save them from millions of dollars of liability. That is why they are spending so much money to pass this bill. It is not about the safety, it is not about the well-being, it is not about the education of college athletes. This is a money play, plain and simple.
Read the bill. Talk to college athletes. If we pass this bill, it is a shame.
After years and years of trying, college athletes finally have gained some leverage over the NCAA. No, they can't win in court, so the NCAA runs here.
I ask my colleagues not to move to this bill. Definitely do not move it if you have not read it, if your staff hasn't gotten the final copy yet. I ask my colleagues to vote no.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Washington.
Ms. CANTWELL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that Senator Cruz and myself be permitted to speak for up to 5 minutes each prior to the scheduled rollcall vote.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
Without objection, it is so ordered.
Protect College Sports Act (Executive Calendar)
Pages S4714–S4715 · Official textMr. President, there is a lot to say in a short period of time, but we will be having a vote soon to move to proceed to the Protect College Sports Act, a bill that does deserve the attention of this institution.
There are lots of things I would like to focus on. I didn't necessarily call the shot that we were having this vote, but, I will tell you, it is definitely worth proceeding to.
The importance of protecting college sports is about us working in a bipartisan basis with a variety of Members on both sides of the aisle and working with universities across the United States in every conference and thousands of athletes who want to have a better system.
I think the best thing I can do is to read from a business sports article by a key individual, and so I am going to do that.
This is Lamell McMorris, a graduate of Morehouse College and, for two decades, he worked at the intersection of sports and politics, entertainment, community engagement, and business. He serves as the vice chair of the National Urban League board of trustees, a board member of the National Action Network, and a former board member of the NAACP.
But these views that he is expressing here--it was published yesterday--are his own. So I am quoting from him in his letter:
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College sports are in a free fall, and everyone inside the game knows it. Universities are borrowing and spending tens of millions just to keep up, while nonrevenue, women's and Olympic sports are cut to feed football and men's basketball. Courts, not campuses, increasingly decide who plays and where. Smaller schools have become unpaid development leagues for the giants.
I have spent my [whole] career on both sides of a table that rarely agree, as the founder of a sports agency representing athletes, including a No. 1 overall NFL draft pick, and as a graduate of Morehouse College who loves our historically Black institutions. From both chairs, I can tell you the status quo is unsustainable, and the Protect College Sports Act is the best chance we have to fix it.
Let me say something my former colleagues will not like. The agent world around these young athletes is largely unregulated, and too much of it preys on the very [young] kids it claims to serve. In the pros, agent fees are capped around 5%; in college, some agents reportedly take 20-25% of an athlete's NIL deal. Others push players into the transfer portal chasing an offer that never comes, and more than 40% of transfers each year risk losing their scholarships and support. I know this business. It is not built around the best interests of student-athletes, and this bill finally brings order to it.
The legislation sets national rules everyone plays by. It protects Olympic and nonrevenue sports, invests in women's athletics, strengthens health and safety, safeguards scholarships, and creates real accountability for schools and athletes alike. And it directs nearly a billion dollars over the next six years into HBCUs, through the IGNITE investment in HBCU sports, media, journalism and broadband. It is why the United Negro College Fund and the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, along with more than 360 schools and every major conference, support it. At a place like Morehouse, home to a sports-journalism program founded with Spike Lee, that money is generational.
I do not dismiss the people opposing this bill; several are friends and allies. The NAACP and the Congressional Black Caucus have tied it to the fight over Black voting power. Let me be clear: Voting rights are sacred, and I will stand in that fight with anyone. But I cannot agree that the way to wage it is to hold thousands of student-athletes' scholarships, health protections and futures hostage to a Supreme Court decision they did not make. Let us fight for voting rights with everything we have, and let us not make these young people the collateral.
The other objection, pressed by organized labor, is that collective bargaining should fix all of this. I wish it were that simple. More than 80% of Division I schools are public institutions, and their athletes would be state employees, outside the reach of federal labor law and, in many states, barred from bargaining at all. A national bargaining system would require reopening New Deal-era statutes this Congress is not going to touch.
Meanwhile, the protections in this bill are real, and they are available now.
Is the bill perfect? No. I would still press the House for full funding for the HBCU investment, not a promise on paper. But I will not let the perfect be the enemy of the essential. This is the last, best chance to save college sports and to put HBCUs at the table where the future gets decided.
I have negotiated against institutions, and for the people they overlooked. From both chairs, the answer here is the same. Pass the Protect College Sports Act, in the Senate this fall and in the House right behind it. Student-athletes need protection, universities need a sustainable system, and our HBCUs deserve this investment. The time to act is now.
Mr. President, this letter that I just read from Lamell McMorris I think is a representative of all the issues combined in this legislation. I can just tell you that the unsustainable 300-percent increase in recruiting student-athletes without the proper rules and regulations is bankrupting our higher education system. Taxpayers are asked to foot the bill in higher tuition fees that students pay who are not even athletes. They are going to State legislatures and asking for bailouts, and they are using university funds that should go to research and putting them, instead, into what is an arms race.
This bill brings order to this, it helps women's and Olympic sports, and it sets up a commission to look at the real future, which I think should include collective bargaining, for what college sports can be organized in the future.
But none of that can happen, and the 500,000 athletes that are at risk--because thousands of them have already been cut from the system--are just going to continue to see failure.
The other night, I talked to the Pac-12 commissioner, who said: I just met with all the student-athletes in the Pac-12.
She said: You know what the No. 1 question I got from those student-athletes was?
I said: No. What?
They wanted to know whether their sport was still going to be there.
There is going to be a moment when the United States is standing at the Olympics, and we are not going to be winning gold or silver or bronze because we are not going to have the athletes because the collegiate system will have collapsed, and people won't be funding them because they will be in an arms race over football.
Let's bring some sanity, recognize that athletes do deserve revenue sharing, and that this bill will put that into law for the first time--the first-time athletes will get a Federal preemption on NIL rights and revenue sharing that will be historic. Let's move forward.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
The Senator from Texas.
Mr. President, today, the Senate has an opportunity to do something that doesn't happen nearly enough in Washington. Republicans and Democrats can come together, solve a real problem, and protect an American institution that millions of people love.
College sports today are in crisis. For years, court decisions, litigation, conflicting State laws, unlimited transfers, eligibility issues, and inconsistent enforcement have chipped away at the foundation of college athletics. The result is what we are seeing right now: the Wild West.
The rules change from State to State, court to court, and season to season. Athletes don't know what rules will govern them, coaches don't know what rosters will look like from one year to the next, and schools don't know what rules they can legally enforce. And fans are watching traditions and rivalries disappear--traditions and rivalries that have existed for generations. Doing nothing is not an option.
The Protect College Sports Act is a bipartisan solution designed to bring order to that chaos. And let me be clear about what this bill does: It protects the rights of student-athletes to earn money from their name, image, and likeness. It establishes clear, enforceable rules governing eligibility and transfers. It provides important protections for athletes, and it protects scholarships. It protects women's sports and Olympic sports from being sacrificed in an unchecked spending arms race. It protects rivalries and traditions that make college sports unlike anything else in the world. And it gives the limited legal certainty needed to actually enforce the rules.
The bill doesn't turn back the clock. The NIL era is here, and student-athletes deserve the opportunity to benefit from their talent and hard work.
But rights without rules produce chaos, and having rules means very little if every attempt to enforce them immediately ends up in court.
That is the fundamental question before the Senate today: Do we want college sports to have clear national enforceable rules or do we want another decade of lawsuits, conflicting State laws, bidding wars, roster chaos, and uncertainty?
The status quo is not working, and the people that will ultimately pay the price if Congress fails to act aren't the highly paid coaches or conference commissioners. They are the young men and women whose sports don't generate millions of dollars in television revenue. They are the swimmers and the wrestlers and the gymnasts and the rowers and the volleyball players and the track athletes and the thousands of other student athletes whose opportunities depend upon a healthy college athletic system.
They are the high school athletes hoping to get that scholarship that will give them the opportunity to earn a college degree. And they are the fans who want their kids and grandkids to inherit the rivalries they grew up loving.
This legislation isn't perfect. No bipartisan legislation is. Senator Cantwell and I both compromised to get here. But Senator Cantwell and I, along with many other Senators from both sides of the aisle, have spent months listening to student-athletes, to coaches, to universities, to conferences, to Olympic leaders, to professional sports organizations, and to fans. We found common ground, and now it is time to act.
When this bill came before the Commerce Committee in June, I said we were in fourth down territory. Well, the ball is now on the Senate floor. There is no more time to punt. We can sit on the sidelines and watch college sports continue to unravel or we can step onto the field and lead.
I urge my colleagues--Republicans and Democrats--to vote yes on the Protect College Sports Act. Listen to the 29 conferences that have endorsed this bill. Listen to the more than 370 universities that have endorsed this bill. Listen to the historically Black colleges and universities that are begging the Senate to pass this bill. Listen to the United Negro College Fund that has endorsed this bill. Listen to the Thurgood Marshall scholarship fund that has endorsed this bill.
This bill has the support of the NFL, of the NBA, of Major League Baseball, of the National Hockey League. It has the support of the NBA Players Association and the NFL Players Association. It has the enthusiastic support of the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee.
Today is a chance for us to stand up and fight for the half-million college athletes who are competing right now, because, if the Senate doesn't act, hundreds of thousands of those students will see their roster slots go away and their scholarships go away.
Let's fight for the students to protect their rights, to protect their future. Let's come together and demonstrate that the Senate--Republicans and Democrats working together--can lead and protect an institution that is unique and valuable. That is college sports in America.
Cloture Motion
Pages S4715–S4716 · Official textThe PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Curtis)
Pursuant to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the Senate the pending cloture motion, which the clerk will state.
The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:
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We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the motion to proceed to Calendar No. 449, S. 4668, a bill to protect the name, image, and likeness rights of, and provide protections for, student athletes and to promote fair competition among intercollegiate athletics, and for other purposes.
John Thune, Ted Cruz, Cynthia M. Lummis, Eric Schmitt,
Bernie Moreno, James Lankford, Kevin Cramer, Mike
Rounds, John Cornyn, John Barrasso, Thom Tillis, Chuck
Grassley, Pete
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Under the previous order, the mandatory quorum call under rule XXII has been waived.
The question is, Is it the sense of the Senate that debate on the motion to proceed to S. 4668, a bill to protect the name, image, and likeness rights of, and provide protections for, student athletes and to promote fair competition among intercollegiate athletics, and for other purposes, shall be brought to a close?
The yeas and nays are mandatory under the rule.
The clerk will call the roll. The senior assistant legislative clerk called the roll.
I announce that the Senator from Delaware (Mr. Coons) and the Senator from Nevada (Ms. Rosen) are necessarily absent.
The yeas and nays resulted--yeas 74, nays 24, as follows:
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Armstrong Baldwin Banks Barrasso Bennet Blackburn Boozman Britt Budd Cantwell Capito Cassidy Collins Cornyn Cortez Masto Cotton Cramer Crapo Cruz Curtis Daines Ernst Fetterman Fischer Gallego Graham Grassley Hagerty Hassan Hawley Heinrich Hickenlooper Hirono Hoeven Husted Hyde-Smith Johnson Justice Kennedy King Klobuchar Lankford Lee Lujan Lummis Marshall McConnell McCormick Moran Moreno Murkowski Murray Ossoff Peters Reed Ricketts Risch Rounds Schatz Schmitt Schumer Scott (SC) Shaheen Sheehy Slotkin Smith Sullivan Thune Tillis Warner Welch Wicker Wyden Young
Alsobrooks Blumenthal Blunt Rochester Booker Duckworth Durbin Gillibrand Kaine Kelly Kim Markey Merkley Moody Murphy Padilla Paul Sanders Schiff Scott (FL) Tuberville Van Hollen Warnock Warren Whitehouse
Coons
Rosen
The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this vote, the yeas are 74, the nays are 24.
Three-fifths of the Senators duly chosen and sworn having voted in the affirmative, the motion is agreed to.
The motion was agreed to.
Legislative Session
Page S4716 · Official textThe PRESIDING OFFICER
The clerk will report the motion to proceed.
The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:
Text printed in the Record (241 characters)
Motion to proceed to Calendar No. 449, S. 4668, a bill to protect the name, image, and likeness rights of, and provide protections for, student athletes and to promote fair competition among intercollegiate athletics, and for other purposes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
The Senator from Texas.
Morning Business
Pages S4716–S4717 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (4,621 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-1B.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-1B. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1) AECA certification 18-43 of November 27, 2018.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology
or Capability (Sec, 36(b)(5)(C), AECA)
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Qatar.
(ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 18-43, Date: November 27, 2018; Implementing Agency: Air Force.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description: On November 27, 2018, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 18-43 of the possible sale, under Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, of forty (40) AIM 120C-7 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM); and one (1) spare AIM 120C-7 AMRAAM guidance section. The following non-major defense equipment (MDE) items were also included: spare AIM-120C-7 control section; AMRAAM Captive Air Training Missile (CATM-120C); missile containers; classified software for the AN/MPQ-64F1 sentinel radar; spare and repair parts; cryptographic and communication security devices; precision navigation equipment; other software; site surveys; weapons system equipment and computer software support; publications and technical documentation; common munitions and test equipment; repair and return services and equipment; personnel training and training equipment; integration support and test equipment; U.S. government and contractor, engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistical and program support. The estimated total cost was $215 million. MDE constituted $95 million of this total.
On October 1, 2019, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 19-0J of the inclusion of up to eighty additional (80) AIM-120C-7 missiles; one hundred twenty (120) AIM-120C-7 ER missiles; and thirteen (13) Multifunction information Distribution System Low Volume Terminal (MIDS-LVT) Block Upgrade 2. The following non-MDE items were also included: associated materiel, support, and services. The estimated MDE value was increased by $461 million to a revised $556 million. The estimated non-MDE value was increased by $16 million to a revised $136 million. The estimated total case value was increased by $477 million to a revised $692 million.
This transmittal notifies the inclusion of the following MDE items: eight hundred (800) AIM-120C-7 or AIM-120C-8 AMRAAMs; and fifty (50) AIM-120C-7 or AIM-120C-8 AMRAAM guidance sections. The following non-MDE items will also be included: AMRAAM support equipment; and other related elements of program and logistics support. The estimated total value of the new items is $2.09 billion. The estimated MDE value will increase by $1.97 billion to a revised $2.526 billion. The estimated non-MDE value will increase by $0.12 billion to a revised $0.256 billion. The estimated total case value will increase by $2.09 billion to a revised $2.782 billion.
(iv) Significance: This notification accounts for requested additional MDE and non-MDE items not included in the original notification. The inclusion of this MDE and non-MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. This proposed sale improves Qatar's defense capability to deter regional threats and strengthen its homeland defense. The National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System capability would provide a full range of protection from imminent hostile cruise missile, unmanned aerial vehicle, rotary wing, and fixed wing threats.
(v) Justification: This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by helping to improve the security of a friendly country that continues to be an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East.
(vi) Sensitivity of Technology:
The Sensitivity of Technology Statement contained in the original notification applies to the additional items reported here.
The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
(vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: July 6, 2026.
Arms Sales Notification
Page S4717 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (4,589 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-61.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-61 concerning the Air Force's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Kuwait for defense articles and services estimated to cost $484 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Kuwait.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment * $0.
Other $484 million.
Total $484 million.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE): None.
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will be included: major and minor modification equipment and support; aircraft components, parts, and accessories; instruments and lab equipment; spares and repair parts, consumables and accessories, and repair and return support; ground handling equipment; unclassified Computer Program Identification Numbers; pyrotechnics equipment; cartridges, chaffs, and flares; communications equipment; electrical items support equipment; classified and unclassified software and software support, classified and unclassified publications and technical documentation; clothing, textiles, and individual equipment; personnel training and training equipment; jet fuel; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) Military Department: Air Force (KU-D-QAJ).
(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: KU-D-QAH.
(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: None.
(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: July 15, 2026.
* As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
The Government of Kuwait has requested to buy the following non-major defense equipment: major and minor modification equipment and support; aircraft components parts, and accessories; instruments and lab equipment; spares and repair parts, consumables and accessories, and repair and return support; ground handling equipment; unclassified Computer Program Identification Numbers; pyrotechnics equipment; cartridges, chaffs, and flares; communications equipment; electrical items support equipment; classified and unclassified software and software support, classified and unclassified publications and technical documentation; clothing, textiles, and individual equipment; personnel training and training equipment; jet fuel; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $484 million.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a major non-NATO ally that has been an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East.
The proposed sale will improve Kuwait's capability to meet current and future threats by ensuring the operational readiness of its C-17 fleet. Kuwait's C-17 fleet provides strategic airlift capabilities that directly support U.S. and coalition operations around the world. Kuwait will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
The principal contractor will be The Boeing Company, located in Arlington, VA. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Kuwait.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4717–S4718 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (2,391 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-85.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-85 concerning the Navy's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Saudi Arabia for defense articles and services estimated to cost $1.96 billion. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment * $1.35 billion.
Other $0.61 billion.
Total $1.96 billion.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE):
Up to Ten thousand (10,000) Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS-II) air-to-air guidance sections.
Up to Ten thousand (10,000) APKWS-II air-to-ground guidance sections.
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: LAU-131 A/A launchers; Mk-152 high explosive warheads; MK66 rocket motors; proximity fuzes; WTU-1/B practice warheads; inert MK66 rocket motors; test support equipment; launch and employment equipment; spare and repair parts; publications and technical documentation; personnel training, training equipment, and support equipment; other support equipment; transportation; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) Military Department: Navy (SR-P-ACC; SR-P-ACF), Air Force (SR-D-QEE).
(v) Prior Related Cases. if any: SR-P-ABZ; SI-P-AAA.
(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex.
(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: July 15, 2026.
* As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia--Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II Guidance Sections
Text printed in the Record (4,153 characters)
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has requested to buy up to ten thousand (10,000) Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS-II) air-to-air guidance sections; and up to ten thousand (10,000) APKWS-II air-to-ground guidance sections. The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: LAU-131 A/A launchers; Mk-152 high explosive warheads; MK66 rocket motors; proximity fuzes; WTU-1/B practice warheads; inert MK66 rocket motors; test support equipment; launch and employment equipment; spare and repair parts; publications and technical documentation; personnel training, training equipment, and support equipment; other support equipment; transportation; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is up to $1.96 billion.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a Major non-NATO Ally that is a force for political stability and economic progress in the Gulf Region.
The proposed sale will improve Saudi Arabia's capability to deter current and future threats by strengthening its homeland defense, and improving interoperability with U.S. forces, and other regional and NATO forces. The proposed sale will also augment Saudi Arabia's operational aircraft and enhance its air-to-air, and air-to-ground self-defense capability. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will have no difficulty absorbing this equipment and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
The principal contractor will be BAE Systems, located in Nashua, NH. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will require the assignment of fifteen (15) additional U.S. Government and fifteen (15) U.S. contractor representatives to Saudi Arabia for an extended period to support program and technical reviews plus training and maintenance support in-country.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology:
1. The Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II (APKWS-II) all-up-round is a low cost air-to-air and air-to-ground system that consists of an APKWS-II guidance section developed by BAE Systems, legacy 2.75-inch MK66 Mod 4 rocket motor, and legacy MK152 and MK435/436-point detonating or M728 proximity fuze. The APKWS is a tactical rocket system that can be launched from several platforms, including rotary wing, fixed wing and ground-based vehicles, offering multi-mission, multi-target capability, and precision-strike lethality. These guided rockets are steered to the target by following reflected laser beam energy directed onto the target either by the launching aircraft, a second aircraft, or ground-based troops operating a laser designator.
2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities.
4. A determination has been made that Saudi Arabia can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification.
5. All defense articles, technical data, and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Arms Sales Notification
Page S4718 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (3,591 characters)
Washington, DC. Hon. J.D. Vance, President of the Senate, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. President:
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-0W.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-0W. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1) AECA certification 25-79 of December 16, 2025.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology
or Capability (Sec. 36(B)(5)(C), AECA)
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Lebanon.
(ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 25-79; Date: December 16, 2025; Implementing Agency: Army.
Funding Source: Foreign Military Financing.
(iii) Description: On December 16, 2025, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 25-79 of the possible sale, under Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, of one hundred forty (140) M1151A1 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWVs). Also included were RF-7850M-HH multiband handheld radio; Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver; Quicklook electronic counter-counter measures (ECCM) waveform; spare and repair parts; publications and technical documentation: training; U.S. Government and contractor engineering; technical and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total value was $34.5 million. Major defense equipment (MDE) constituted $31 million of this total.
This transmittal notifies the addition of the following MDE items: up to three hundred thirty (330) M1151A1 HMMWVs. The following non-MDE items will also be included: RF-7850M-HH multiband handheld radio, GPS receiver, Quicklook ECCM waveform; spare and repair parts; publications and technical documentation; personnel training and training equipment; technical and logistics support services; and other related elements of program and logistics support. The estimated total value of the new items is $34.5 million. The estimated MDE value will increase by $120 million to a revised $151 million. The estimated non-MDE value will increase by $20 million to a revised $23.5 million. The estimated total case value will increase by $140 million to a revised $174.5 million. MDE constitutes $151 million of this total.
(iv) Significance: This notification accounts for requested additional MDE and non-MDE items not included in the original notification. The inclusion of this MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. The proposed sale will provide a highly mobile and light combat vehicle capability enabling Lebanese Armed Forces to rapidly engage and defeat perimeter security threats and readily employ counter- and anti-terrorism measures. This acquisition will afford additional military-to-military tactics and operational training among the U.S. Army's and Lebanon's leadership and soldiers.
(v) Justification: This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security of the United States by improving the security of a partner country that continues to be an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East.
(vi) Sensitivity of Technology: None.
(vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: July 21, 2026.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4718–S4719 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (6,896 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-0S.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-0S. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1) AECA certification 16-36 of April 27, 2018.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology
or Capability (Sec. 36(b)(5)(C), AECA)
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Bahrain.
(ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 16-36; Date: April 27, 2018; Implementing Agency: Navy.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description: On April 27, 2018, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 16-36 of the possible sale, under 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, of (12) AH-1Z Attack Helicopters; twenty-six (26) T-700 GE 401C engines (24 installed and 2 spares); fourteen (14) AGM-114 Hellfire missiles; and fifty-six (56) Advance Precision Kill Weapon System II (APKWS-II) WGU-59B. The following non-MDE items were also included: Honeywell Embedded Global Positioning System (GPS)/Inertial Navigation System (INS) (EGI) with standard positioning service; joint mission planning systems; M197 20mm gun systems; tech refresh mission computers; AN/AAQ-30 target sight systems; helmet mounted display system/Optimized Top Owl; communication equipment; electronic warfare systems; APX-117 Identification Friend or Foe (IFF); AN/AAR-47 missile warning systems; AN/ ALE-47 countermeasure dispenser sets; APR-39C(V)2 radar warning receivers; support equipment; spare engine containers; spare and repair parts; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of program and logistics support. The total estimated value was $911.4 million. Major defense equipment (MDE) constituted $490.9 million of this total.
On April 15, 2019, Congress was notified by Congressional certification transmittal number 18-0F, under Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act, of the inclusion of one hundred forty-four (144) AGM-114 Hellfire missiles; twelve (12) M36E9 Hellfire Captive Air Training Missiles; six hundred two (602) APKWS-II WGU-59B Guidance Sections; eight hundred twenty-six (826) MK-66 rocket motors; eight hundred twenty-six (826) MK-152 rocket warheads; fifty-six hundred (5,600) rounds of PGU-27 20mm ammunition; Operational chaff, Decoy Flares, and Impulse Cartridges. The estimated MDE value increased by $42 million to a revised $533 million. The estimated total case value was increased to $960 million.
On December 22, 2023, Congress was notified by Congressional certification transmittal number 0B-23, under Section 36(b)(5)(A) of the Arms Export Control Act, of the inclusion of sixty (60) APKWS-II WGU-59B Guidance Sections. The estimated total value of the additional items and services was $2 million. The estimated MDE value increased by $2 million to a revised $535 million. The estimated total case value remained at $960 million.
This transmittal reports the addition of twelve (12) AH-1Z Attack Helicopters; twenty-six (26) T-700 GE 401C engines; one thousand six hundred eighty (1,680) APKWS WGU-59A/B; and fourteen (14) Honeywell EGIs. The following non-MDE items will also be included: support and test equipment; weapons and munitions; countermeasures; integration and test support; spare and repair parts; communications equipment; mission planning; software delivery and support; helmet mounted display system/Optimized Top Owl; target sight systems and containers; technical refresh mission computer; ANVIS-9 night vision cueing displays; AN/ARC-210 Generation 6 RT 2036 radio equipment; AN/APX-123A IFF Mode 5 mounting trays and batteries; Cartridge Actuated Devices/Propellant Actuated Devices; facilities and construction support; transportation; publications and technical documentation; personnel training and training equipment; countermeasures to include M299 launchers; LAU-68F/A rocket launchers; LAU-61C/A rocket launchers; M151 high explosive warheads for airborbe 2.75 rockets; MK66 MOD 4, 2.75-inch rocket motors; WTU-1B warheads; M197 20MM armament pod gun assemblies; 20MM PGU-27A/B target practice; 20MM PGU-28A/B semi armor piercing high explosive incendiary; AN/ALE-47 training and operational flares and chaff; MJU-32A/B decoy flares; MJU-49B pyrophoric decoy flare G6B; SMB875B/ALE flare simulator; RR-129A/AL chaff cartridge; RR-144A/AL training chaff cartridge; CCU-136A/A impulse cartridge; AN/AAR-47 missile warning system; AN/APR-39C radar warning receiver and conversion kits; KIV-78A cryptographic appliques; AN/PYQ-10C simple key loader with KOV-21 crypto card; U.S. Government and contractor engineering support; field service representatives and services; technical and logistics support services; studies and surveys; and other related elements of program and logistics support. The total estimated value of the new MDB articles is $600 million. This results in a net increase in cost of MDE of $600 million and a revised total cost for MDE of $1.135 billion. The total estimated value of the new non-MDE articles is $350 million. This results in a net increase in cost of non-MDE of $350 million and a revised total cost for non-MDE of $777 million. The total case value increases by $950 million, resulting in a total case value of $1.91 billion.
(iv) Significance: This notification accounts for requested additional MDE and non-MDE items not included in the original notification. The inclusion of this MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. The proposed articles and services will support Bahrain's ability to use its AH-1Z Attack Helicopters for its own defense, its participation in coalition operations, and to enhance its interoperability with United States and North Atlantic Treaty Organization members.
(v) Justification: This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security of the United States by helping to improve the security of a major non-NATO ally that is an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East.
(vi) Sensitivity of Technology:
The Sensitivity of Technology Statement contained in the original notification applies to items reported here.
The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
(vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: July 27, 2026.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4719–S4720 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (7,213 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-53.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-53 concerning the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Kuwait for defense articles and services estimated to cost $542 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Kuwait.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment \*\ $0.
Other $542 million.
Total $542 million.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase: The Government of Kuwait has requested to buy planning, design, contracting, and construction of facilities that are required for Kuwait Ministry of Defense to execute the Caracal Alert mission at Ali Al Salem Air Base, Kuwait Naval Base, and other ancillary and affiliated locations. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers shall provide all engineering studies, designs, construction, and construction management services necessary to provide fully functioning facilities.
Major Defense Equipment (MDE): None.
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will be included: design and construction of covered helicopter parking; hangar storage facilities; maintenance hangars;ammunition warehouses; administrative buildings; air traffic control tower; helipads; forward arming and refueling points; runway; taxiway; perimeter security fencing; entry control points; roads including pavements, infrastructure connections to existing pavement, utilities, demolition, and site preparation necessary for phasing of work and furnishings; fixtures; and equipment necessary for base operations; life cycle design, construction, and project management; engineering services; technical support; facility and infrastructure assessments; surveys; planning; programming; design; acquisition; contract administration; construction management; technical services; architect-engineer services for new construction; studies; investigations; professional surveying and mapping; landscaping design and sustainment services; evaluations and assessments; consultations; program management; development of plans and specifications; value engineering; construction phase services; soils engineering drawing reviews; geotechnical surveys; preparation of operations and maintenance manuals and other related services; facility and infrastructure sustainment (including maintenance and repair services and operations and maintenance services); training; other support services as requested by Kuwait; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) Military Department: Army (KU-B-HBV).
(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: KU-B-HBB.
(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: None.
(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: July 27, 2026.
\*\ As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
Kuwait--Design and Construction of Caracal Helicopter Facilities
The Government of Kuwait has requested to buy planning, design, contracting, and construction of facilities that are required for Kuwait Ministry of Defense to execute the Caracal Alert mission at Ali Al Salem Air Base, Kuwait Naval Base) and other ancillary and affiliated locations. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers shall provide all engineering studies, designs, construction, and construction management services necessary to provide fully functioning facilities. The following non-MDE items will be included: design and construction of covered helicopter parking; hangar storage facilities; maintenance hangars; ammunition warehouses; administrative buildings; air traffic control tower; helipads; forward arming and refueling points; runway; taxiway; perimeter security fencing; entry control points; roads including pavements, infrastructure connections to existing pavement, utilities, demolition, and site preparation necessary for phasing of work and furnishings; fixtures; and equipment necessary for base operations; life cycle design, construction, and project management; engineering services; technical support; facility and infrastructure assessments; surveys; planning; programming; design; acquisition; contract administration; construction management; technical services; architect-engineer services for new construction; studies; investigations; professional surveying and mapping; landscaping design and sustainment services; evaluations and assessments; consultations; program management; development of plans and specifications; value engineering; construction phase services; soils engineering drawing reviews; geotechnical surveys; preparation of operations and maintenance manuals and other related services; facility and infrastructure sustainment (including maintenance and repair services and operations and maintenance services); training; other support services as requested by Kuwait; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $542 million.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a major non-NATO ally that has been an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East.
The proposed sale will improve Kuwait's capability to meet current and future threats by supporting its efforts to operate and maintain technologically capable Caracal aircraft. Kuwait will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
No principal contractor(s) has been identified for this sale at this time. The principal contractor(s) will be determined from approved vendors, likely by competitive acquisitions. The host nation can limit competition but has not requested to do so at this time. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will require the assignment often (10) additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Kuwait for a duration of up to twelve (12) years to provide construction management and oversight. It may be possible to utilize locally available labor to provide some oversight services in lieu of the assignment of U.S. personnel.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4720–S4721 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (6,971 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-1F.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-1F. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1) AECA certification 16-36 of April 27, 2018.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology
or Capability (Sec. 36(b)(5)(C), AECA)
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Bahrain.
(ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 16-36; Date: April 27, 2018; Implementing Agency: Navy.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description: On April 27, 2018, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 16-36 of the possible sale, under Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, of twelve (12) AH-1Z Attack Helicopters; twenty-six (26) T-700 GE 401C Engines (twenty-four (24) installed and two (2) spares); fourteen (14) AGM-114 Hellfire Missiles; and fifty-six (56) Advance Precision Kill Weapon System II (APKWS-II) WGU-59B. Also included were fifteen (15) Honeywell Embedded Global Positioning System (GPS) Inertial Navigation System (INS) (EGI) w/Standard Positioning Service (SPS) including three (3) spares and twelve (12) Joint Mission Planning Systems; twelve (12) M197 20mm gun systems; thirty (30) Tech Refresh Mission Computers; fourteen (14) AN/AAQ-30 Target Sight Systems; twenty six (26) Helmet Mounted Display/ Optimized Top Owl; communication equipment; electronic warfare systems; fifteen (15) APX-117 Identification Friend or Foe (IFF); fifteen (15) AN/AAR-47 Missile Warning Systems; fifteen (15) AN/ALE-47 Countermeasure Dispenser Sets; fifteen (15) APR-39C(V)2 Radar Warning Receivers; support equipment; spare engine
containers; spare and repair parts; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total value was $911.4 million. Major Defense Equipment (MDE) constituted $490.9 million of this total
On April 15, 2019, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 18-0F of the possible sale, under section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act, of the addition of the following MDE items: one hundred forty-four (144) AGM-114 Hellfire Missiles; twelve (12) M36E9 Hellfire Captive Air Training Missiles (CATM); twelve (12) M34 Hellfire dummy missiles; and six hundred two (602) Advance Precision Kill Weapon System II (APKWS-II) WGU-59B Guidance Sections. Also included were eight hundred twenty-six (826) MK-66 rocket motors; eight hundred twenty-six (826) MK-152 rocket warheads; fifty-six hundred (5,600) rounds of PGU-27 20mm ammunition; Operational chaff; Decoy Flares; and Impulse Cartridges. The total notified MDE value increased by $42.1 million to $533 million, and the total notified case value increased to $960 million.
On December 22, 2023, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 0B-23 of the possible sale, under section 36(b)(5)(A) of the Arms Export Control Act, of the addition of the following MDE items: sixty (60) Advance Precision Kill Weapon System II (APKWS-II) WGU-59B Guidance Sections. The estimated total value of the added items is $2 million. The total estimated MDE value increased by $2 million to $535 million. The estimated total case value did not increase, remaining $960 million.
This transmittal notifies the inclusion of the following MDE items: one thousand five hundred (1,500) Advance Precision Kill Weapon System-II (APKWS-II) WGU-59B/B Guidance Sections, Single Variant (Air-to-Air). The following non-MDE items will also be included: MK-152 high explosive warheads; MK-66 rocket motors; proximity fuzes; WTU-1/B practice warheads; inert MK-66 rocket motors; Launcher Aircraft Units (LAU-131); Triple Ejector Racks (TER-9/A), ejector racks (MAU-12), Bomb Rack Units (BRU-26A); Precision Armament Control System software; Sniper Operational Flight Plan update; LAU-131A/A or LAU-68F/A umbilical cables; flight testing; test support equipment; other support equipment; technical data; spare and repair parts; publications and technical documentation; personnel training and training equipment; transportation; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The total cost of the new MDE article is $128 million. This results in a net increase in cost of MDE of $128 million, and a revised total cost for MDE of $663 million. The total cost of the new non-MDE article is $125 million. This results in a net increase in cost of non-MDE of $125 million, and a revised total cost for non-MDE of $550 million. The total case value increases by $253 million, resulting in a total case value of $1.213 billion.
(iv) Significance: This notification accounts for requested additional MDE and non-MDE items not included in the original notification. The inclusion of this MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. The proposed articles and services will support Bahrain's capability to meet current and future threats. Bahrain will use this capability as a deterrent to regional threats and to strengthen its homeland defense. This sale will improve interoperability with U.S. forces.
(v) Justification: This proposed sale will contribute to the foreign policy and national security of the United States by helping to improve the security of a major non-NATO ally which is an important security partner in the region.
(vi) Sensitivity of Technology:
Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II (APKWS-II) Guidance Section Air-to-Air Rockets. The APKWS-II is a low cost, air-to-air and air-to-ground weapon that consists of a guidance section developed by BAE Systems, legacy 2.75-inch MK-66 Mod 4 rocket motor, legacy M151 or MK-152 high explosive warheads, and MK 435/436 point detonating fuze or M728 proximity fuze. The APKWS is a tactical rocket system that can be launched from several platforms, offering multi-mission, multi-target capability and precision-strike lethality. These guided rockets are steered to the target by following reflected laser beam energy directed onto the target either by the launching aircraft, a second aircraft, or ground-based troops operating a laser designator.
The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
(vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: July 31, 2026.
Arms Sales Notification
Page S4721 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (3,615 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-1D.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-1D. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1) AECA certification 21-46 of February 8, 2022.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology
or Capability (Sec. 36(b)(5)(C), AECA)
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Jordan.
(ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 21-46; Date: February 8, 2022; Implementing Agency: Army.
Funding Source: Foreign Military Financing.
(iii) Description: On February 8, 2022, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmitta1 number 21-46 of the possible sale, under Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, of one hundred fourteen (114) Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS) Unitary High Explosive (HE) Tri-Mode Fuze (GMLRS-U) (M31) rockets; and one hundred fourteen (114) Reduced Range Practice Rockets. Also included were support equipment; publications and technical data; personnel training and equipment; systems integration support; U.S. Government and contractor engineering technical and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total value was $70 million. Major Defense Equipment (MDE) constituted $50 million of this total.
This transmittal notifies the inclusion of the following MDE items: up to sixteen (16) GMLRS M31A2 Unitary HE Pods. The following non-MDE items will also be included: support equipment; publications and technical data; personnel training and equipment; systems integration support; U.S. Government and contractor engineering and logistics personnel services; other related elements of logistics support; missile canisters; and test equipment. The estimated total value of the new items is $75 million. The estimated MDE value will increase by $65 million to a revised $115 million. The estimated non-MDE value will increase by $10 million to a revised $30 million. The estimated total case value will increase by $75 million to a revised $145 million.
(iv) Significance: This notification accounts for requested additional MDE and non-MDE items not included in the original notification. The inclusion of this MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. The proposed sale will support Jordan's capability to meet current and future threats on its borders, provide greater security for its economic infrastructure, and provide a long-range precision artillery support capability that will significantly improve U.S.-Jordan interoperability to facilitate the defense of vital installations.
(v) Justification: This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security of the United States by helping to improve the security of a major non-NATO ally that is an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East.
(vi) Sensitivity of Technology: The Sensitivity of Technology Statement contained in the original notification applies to items reported here.
The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
Date Report Delivered to Congress: August 18, 2026.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4721–S4723 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (11,110 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-80.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-80 concerning the Air Force's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Qatar for defense articles and services estimated to cost $4.5 billion. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Qatar.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment \*\ $2.18 billion.
Other $2.32 billion.
Total $4.50 billion.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE):
Up to four (4) KC-46A aircraft.
Eight (8) PW4062 turbofan engines (4 installed, 4 spares).
Ten (10) AN/ALR-69A radar warning receivers (4 installed, 6 spares).
Fifteen (15) Guardian Laser Transmitter Assemblies for Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures (LAIRCM) systems (12 installed, 3 spares).
Eight (8) LAIRCM system processor replacements (4 installed, 4 spares).
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: missile warning sensors; cartridge actuated devices and propellent actuated devices; control interface units; user data module cards; electronic warfare database support; KIV-77 crypto module; KY-100M crypto terminals; AN/PYQ-10 simple key loaders; AN/APX-119 Identification Friend or Foe transponder; precision navigation; Computer Program Identification Numbers; integration and test support and equipment; aircraft components, parts, and accessories; support and support equipment; spare parts, consumables and accessories, and repair and return support; training aids, devices, and spare parts; major and minor modifications, and maintenance support; instruments and lab equipment; classified and unclassified software delivery and support; unclassified publications and technical documentation; maps, publications, and technical documentation; personnel training and training equipment; clothing, textiles, and individual equipment; trucks and transportation vehicles; facilities and construction support; jet fuel; transportation and airlift support; warranties; site surveys; U.S. Government and contractor engineering; technical and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) Implementing Agency: Air Force QA-D-SAD.
(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None.
(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex.
(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: August 18, 2026.
\*\ As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
The Government of Qatar has requested to buy up to four (4) KC-46A aircraft; eight (8) PW4062 turbofan engines (4 installed, 4 spares); ten (10) AN/ALR-69A radar warning receivers (4 installed) 6 spares); fifteen (15) Guardian Laser Transmitter Assemblies (GTLA) for Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasure (LAIRCM) systems (12 installed, 3 spares); and eight (8) LAIRCM system processor replacements. The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: missile warning sensors; cartridge actuated devices and propellent actuated devices; control interface units; user data module cards; electronic warfare database support; KIV-77 crypto module; KY-100M crypto terminals; AN/PYQ-10 simple key loaders; AN/APX-119 Identification Friend or Foe transponder; precision navigation; Computer Program Identification Numbers; integration and test support and equipment; aircraft components, parts, and accessories; support and support equipment; spare parts, consumables and accessories, and repair and return support; training aids, devices, and spare parts; major and minor modifications and maintenance support; instruments and lab equipment; classified and unclassified software delivery and support; unclassified publications and technical documentation; maps, publications, and technical documentation; personnel training and training equipment; clothing, textiles, and individual equipment; trucks and transportation vehicles; facilities and construction support; jet fuel; transportation and airlift support; warranties; site surveys; U.S. Government and contractor engineering; technical and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $4.50 billion.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by helping to improve the security of a strategic regional partner that has been and continues to be an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East.
The proposed sale will increase Qatar's capability to meet current and future threats by enhancing its defense capabilities and interoperability with U.S. and allied forces and reinforcing Qatar's strategic role in regional security. Qatar will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
The principal contractors will be The Boeing Corporation, located in Arlington, VA; Pratt & Whitney Military Engines, located in East Hartford, CT; RTX Corporation, located in Arlington, VA; and Northrop Grumman Corporation, located in Rolling Meadows, IL. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Qatar.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology:
1. The KC-46A is a military aerial refueling and strategic military transport aircraft. The KC-46A can refuel most fixed-wing, receiver-capable aircraft. It is equipped with a refueling boom driven by a fly-by-wire control system and is capable of fuel offload rates required for large aircraft. Its hose and drogue system adds additional mission capability that is independently operable from the refueling boom system. The KC-46A can accommodate a mixed load of passengers, aeromedical evacuation, and cargo capabilities. Two high-bypass turbofans power the KC-46A to take off at gross weights of up to 415,000 pounds. Depending on the fuel storage configuration, the aircraft can carry a palletized load of up to 65,000 pounds of cargo. The KC-46A is also equipped with self-protection, defensive, and communication features making it more survivable in a contested environment.
2. The AN/AAQ-24(V)N Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasure (LAIRCM) system is a self-contained, directed-energy countermeasures system designed to protect aircraft from infrared-guided surface-to-air missiles. The LAIRCM system features digital technology micro-miniature solid-state electronics. The system operates in all conditions, detecting incoming missiles and jamming infrared-seeker equipped missiles with aimed bursts of laser energy. The LAIRCM system consists of multiple infrared missile warning sensors, the Guardian Laser Transmitter Assembly (GLTA) with Selective Availability Anti-Spoofing Module capability, a LAIRCM System Processor Replacement (LSPR), a Control Interface Unit Replacement (CIUR), and a classified memory card User Data Module (UDM).
a. LAIRCM's infrared missile warning sensors detect and declare threat missiles. The sensors are mounted on the aircraft exterior to provide omni-directional protection. The sensors detect the rocket plume of missiles and send appropriate data signals to the LSPR for processing.
b. The GLTA is a laser transmitter pointer/tracker subsystem designed to track the inbound threat missile and point the laser jam source at the missile's seeker. The GLTA automatically deploys the countermeasure.
c. The LSPR analyzes the data from each missile warning sensor and automatically deploys the appropriate countermeasure via the GLTA. The LSPR contains built-in-test circuitry.
d. The CIUR displays the incoming threat for the pilot to take appropriate action. The CIUR also provides operator interface to program the LAIRCM system to initiate built-in-test, to display system status, and to provide the crew with bearing to threat missile launch.
e. The UDM card contains the laser jam codes and is loaded into the LSPR prior to flight. When not in use, the Classified Memory Card UDM is removed from the LSPR and put in secure storage.
3. The AN/APQ-10 simple key loader is a handheld device used for securely receiving, storing, and transferring data between compatible cryptographic and communications equipment.
4. The KIV-77 is a cryptographic applique for Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) and can be loaded with Mode 5 classified elements.
5. The KY-100M is a cryptographic-modernized lightweight terminal for secure voice and data communication. The KY-100M provides wideband/narrowband half-duplex communication. Operating in tactical ground, marine, and airborne applications, the KY-100M enables secure communication with a broad range of radio and satellite equipment.
6. The AN/APX-119 is an IFF transponder that provides military aircraft with a secure combat identification capability to help reduce fratricide and enhance battlespace awareness while providing safe access to civilian airspace.
7. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
8. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities.
9. A determination has been made that Qatar can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification.
10. All defense articles and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of Qatar.
Arms Sales Notification
Page S4723 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (2,100 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-92.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-92 concerning the Navy's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Italy for defense articles and services estimated to cost $364 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Italy.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment * $255 million.
Other $109 million.
Total $364 million.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE):
Five thousand thirty-one (5,031) Guidance Sections Single Variant Air-to-Air Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II WGU-59B/B.
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: LAU-131 A/A launchers; Mk-152 high explosive warheads; MK66 rocket motors; proximity fuzes; WTU-1/B practice warheads; inert MK66 rocket motors; other support equipment; publications and technical documentation; transportation; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) Military Department: Navy (IT-P-ALC).
(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None.
(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex.
(i) Date Report Delivered to Congress: August 21, 2026.
* As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
Italy--Guidance Section Single Variant Air-to-Air Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II
Text printed in the Record (1,939 characters)
The Government of Italy has requested to buy five thousand thirty-one (5,031) Guidance Sections Single Variant Air-to-Air Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II WGU 59B/B. The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: LAU-131 A/A launchers; Mk-152 high explosive warheads; MK66 rocket motors; proximity fuzes; WTU-1/B practice warheads; inert MK66 rocket motors; other support equipment; publications and technical documentation; transportation; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $364 million.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a NATO ally that is a force for political stability and economic progress in Europe.
The proposed sale will improve Italy's capability to meet current and future threats by strengthening its homeland defense and serving as a deterrent to regional threats. This enhanced capability will protect Italy and local allied land forces and will significantly improve Italy's contribution to NATO integrated air missile defense. Italy will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
The principal contractor will be BAE Systems, located in Nashua, NH. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Italy.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act
Text printed in the Record (1,708 characters)
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology:
1. The Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System-II (APKWS-II) is a design conversion of an unguided hydra 2.75-inch rocket with a laser guidance kit to give it precision-kill capability. The APKWS AUR consists of an APKWS-II guidance section developed by BAE systems, a 2.75-inch MK66 Mod 4 rocket motor, and a fuzed M151 or Mk-152 high explosive warhead. These guided rockets are steered to the target by following reflected laser beam energy directed onto the target either by the launching aircraft, a second aircraft, or ground-based troops operating a laser designator. The APKWS-II is a tactical rocket system that can be launched from several platforms, including rotary wing, fixed wing, and ground-based vehicles, offering multi-mission, multi-target capability, and precision-strike lethality.
2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities.
4. A determination has been made that Italy can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification.
5. All defense articles and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of Italy.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4723–S4724 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (5,471 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-78.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-78 concerning the Navy's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Korea for defense articles and services estimated to cost $125 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Republic of Korea.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment * $70 million.
Other $55 million.
Total $125 million.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE): One hundred three (103) AIM-9X Sidewinder Block II tactical missiles Ten (10) AIM-9X Sidewinder Block II Tactical Guidance Units
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: active optical target detector; training; weapon system support; training aids and devices; spare parts; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) Military Department: Navy (KS-P-AOF).
(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: KS-P-ALE; KS-P-AMA.
(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex.
(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: August 21, 2026.
* As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
The Republic of Korea has requested to buy one hundred and three (103) AIM-9X Sidewinder Block II tactical missiles; and ten (10) AIM-9X Sidewinder Block II Tactical Guidance Units. The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: active optical target detector; training; weapon system support; training aids and devices; spare parts; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $125 million.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a major ally that is an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Indo-Pacific region.
The proposed sale will help improve the Republic of Korea's capability to meet current and future threats by expanding its air defense capability, deterring aggression in the region, and ensuring interoperability with U.S. Forces. The Republic of Korea will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
The principal contractor will be RTX Corporation, located in Arlington, VA. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to the Republic of Korea.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology:
1. The AIM-9X Sidewinder missile is a supersonic, air-to-air, guided missile that utilizes a passive infrared target acquisition system, proportional navigation guidance, a closed loop position servo Fin Actuator Unit (FAU), and an active optical target detector. A solid propellant rocket motor provides propulsion. The missile has an angular blast fragmented warhead controlled by an Electronic Safe Arm Device. Four control fins activated by the FAU accomplish missile maneuvering by deflecting rocket motor thrust. The missile is used for guided flight tracking of an airborne drone and transmits encrypted telemetry data to aircraft or ground station receivers.
2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities.
4. A determination has been made that the Republic of Korea can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification.
5. All defense articles and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Republic of Korea.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4724–S4726 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423. There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (11,925 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-83.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-83 concerning the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Norway for defense articles and services estimated to cost $2.3 Billion. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Norway.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment * $1.2 billion.
Other $1.1 billion.
Total $2.3 billion.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE):
Twenty-one (21) UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters.
Forty-six (46) T700-GE-701D engines.
Twenty-five (25) AN/AAR-57 Common Missile Warning Systems.
Twenty-five (25) Common Infrared Countermeasure.
Twenty-five (25) AN/APR-39E(V)2 Radar Warning Receiver.
Fifty (50) EAGLE-M+429 Embedded Global Positioning Systems/ Inertial Navigation Systems.
One hundred (100) AN/ARC-23 1 ART-1987 Very High Frequency (VHF)/Ultra High Frequency/line-of-sight satellite communication radios.
Eighteen (18) M240H machine guns.
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: AN/AVR-2B(V) Laser Warning System; APX-128 identification friend or foe (IFF) transponder; AN/PYQ-10 Simple Key Loader; KIV-79 common IFF crypto applique computers; AN/ARN-147(V) VHF omni-directional range/instrument landing system receiver radio; AN/ARN-149(V) low frequency/automatic direction finder radio receiver; AN/ARN-153 tactical air navigation system receiver transmitter; RACC-209 radar altimeter; AN/ARC-201D radio; AN/ARC-210 Gen 6 radio; AN/PRC-167 radio; AN/ARC-220 high-frequency radio; AN/PRC-160 with automatic link establishment capabilities; EBC 406HM emergency locator transmitter; Advanced Sight Display Computer Heads-Up Display system; RDR-7000 color weather radar; MX-10D electro-optical/ infrared with laser designator/illuminator/pointer/range finder/cabin viewer; engine inlet barrier filters; ballistic armor protection systems; internal auxiliary fuel tank systems; fast rope insertion extraction systems; airframe mounted rescue hoists; rescue hoist equipment sets; dual patient litter system sets; Martin-Baker palletized crew chief/gunner seats with crashworthy floor structural modifications; external stores support system with crashworthy external fuel system tanks; country unique instrument panel; cockpit multifunction display; degraded visual environment system; LINK-16 (small tactical terminal KOR-24A); Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System, Type I; direction finder DF-935; environmental control system; snow skis; Bambi Bucket; helicopter terrain awareness system; very important person kit; upturned exhaust system; M-240 (MAG-58) machine gun; M-134 machine gun; M3M (GAU-21) machine gun; external gun mount system; provisions for litters; litter straps; medical trauma bag; 120V AC power; auxiliary bleed air cabin heater; encrypted aircraft wireless intercom system; 60KVA aircraft generator; winterization kit; universal software loader verifier; black hawk aircrew trainer; maintenance and aircrew training devices/software; helmets; transportation; organizational equipment; spare and repair parts; support equipment; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services, and other related elements of program and logistics support.
(iv) Military Department: Army (NO-B-VSL).
(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None.
(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex.
(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: August 21, 2026.
\*\ As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
The Government of Norway has requested to buy twenty-one (21) UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters; forty-six (46) T700-GE-701D engines; twenty-five (25) AN/AAR-57 Common Missile Warning Systems; twenty-five (25) Common Infrared Countermeasure; twenty-five (25) AN/APR-39E(V)2 Radar Warning Receiver; fifty (50) EAGLE-M+429 Embedded Global Positioning Systems/Inertial Navigation Systems; one hundred (100) AN/ ARC-231A RT-1987 Very High Frequency (VHF)/Ultra High Frequency/line-of-sight satellite communication radios; and eighteen (18) M240H machine guns. The following non-MDE items will also be included: AN/AVR-2B(V) Laser Warning System; APX-128 identification friend or foe (IFF) transponder; AN/ PYQ-10 Simple Key Loader; KIV-79 common IFF crypto applique computers; AN/ARN-147(V) VHF omni-directional range/ instrument landing system receiver radio; AN/ARN-149(V) low frequency/automatic direction finder radio receiver; AN/ARN-153 tactical air navigation system receiver transmitter; RACC-209 radar altimeter; AN/ARC-201D radio; AN/ARC-210 Gen 6 radio; AN/PRC-167 radio; AN/ARC-220 high-frequency radio; AN/ PRC-160 with automatic link establishment capabilities; EBC 406HM emergency locator transmitter; Advanced Sight Display Computer Heads-Up Display system; RDR-7000 color weather radar; MX-10D electro-optical/infrared with laser designator/ illuminator/pointer/range finder/cabin viewer; engine inlet barrier filters; ballistic armor protection systems; internal auxiliary fuel tank systems; fast rope insertion extraction systems; airframe mounted rescue hoists; rescue hoist equipment sets; dual patient litter system sets; Martin-Baker palletized crew chief/gunner seats with crashworthy floor structural modifications; external stores support system with crashworthy external fuel system tanks; country unique instrument panel; cockpit multi-function display; degraded visual environment system; LINK-16 (small tactical terminal KOR-24A); Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System, Type I; direction finder DF-935; environmental control system; snow skis; Bambi Bucket; helicopter terrain awareness system; very important person kit; upturned exhaust system; M-240 (MAG-58) machine gun; M-134 machine gun; M3M (GAU-21) machine gun; external gun mount system; provisions for litters; litter straps; medical trauma bag; 120V AC power; auxiliary bleed air cabin heater; encrypted aircraft wireless intercom system; 60KVA aircraft generator; winterization kit; universal software loader verifier; black hawk aircrew trainer; maintenance and aircrew training devices/software; helmets; transportation; organizational equipment; spare and repair parts; support equipment; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services, and other related elements of program and logistics support. The total estimated cost is $2.3 billion.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a NATO Ally that is a force for political stability and economic progress in Europe.
The proposed sale will improve Norway's capability to meet current and future threats and enhance its interoperability with U.S. and other allied forces. It will also upgrade Norway's rotary wing capability, allowing Norwegian Army and Special Operations Forces to independently conduct operations while taking advantage of a common platform across the fleet. Norway will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
The principal contractor will be Lockheed Martin, Sikorsky, located in Stratford, CT. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will require approximately fifteen (15) U.S. Government and fifteen (15) contractor representatives to travel to Norway for an extended period for equipment de-processing/fielding, system checkout, training, and technical and logistics support.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology:
1. The UH-60M aircraft is a medium-lift four-bladed helicopter with two (2) T-701D engines. The aircraft has four (4) multifunction displays (MFDs), which provide access to aircraft systems, flight, mission, and communication management systems. The instrumentation panel includes four (4) MFDs, two (2) pilot and copilot flight director panels, and two (2) data concentrator units. The navigation system will have Embedded Global Preposition System (GPS)/Inertial Navigation System (INS) (EGI), and two (2) advanced flight control computer systems, which provide four-axis aircraft control.
a. The AN/ARC-201D Very High Frequency (VHF)-Frequency Modulation Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) airborne radio is a reliable, field proven voice and data communication system used with the UH-60M.
b. The AN/ARC-231A is a software-definable radio for military aircraft that provides two way, multi-mode voice and data communications over a 30 Hz to 512 MHz frequency range. No designated exportable/non-Communications Security (COMSEC) capable version planned. Support both line-of-sight Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) and VHF bands with AM, FM and Satellite Communications (SATCOM) capabilities including embedded frequency agile modes, Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM) antijam waveforms including HAVE QUICK radio and SINCGARS, Demand Assigned Multiple Access, and Integrated Waveform. It provides simultaneous, real-time participation in tactical voice and data communications networks. RT-1987 will provide National Security Agency (NSA) tactical secure voice cryptographic interoperability specification 3.1.1 crypto modernization compliance. Operator selectable Air Traffic Control channel spacing of 5, 8.33, 12.5, and 25kHz steps, and other data link and secure communications features, providing battlefield interoperability.
c. The AN/ARC-220 High Frequency (HF) Airborne Communication System provides rotary-wing aircraft, with advanced voice and data capabilities for short- and long-distance communications. The system is software programmable with a frequency range of 2.0000-29.9999 MHz, in 100-Hz steps and provides for providing embedded automatic link establishment (ALE), serial tone data modem, text messaging, GPS position reporting, and anti-jam ECCM functions.
d. The AN/ARC-210 is a family of radios for military aircraft that provides two-way, multimode voice and data communications in the 30 to 512+ MHz frequency range. It covers both VHF and UHF bands with AM, FM, and SATCOM capabilities. The ARC-210 radio also includes embedded anti-jam waveforms, including HQ and SINCGARS, and
other data link and secure communications features providing total battlefield interoperability and high-performance capabilities in the transfer of data, voice, and imagery. The software-programmable encryption is under the NSA cryptographic modernization initiative.
e.
Text printed in the Record (6,259 characters)
The AN/PRC-160 radio is a tactical wideband HF/VHF transceiver providing Type 1 encryption and Selective Availability Anti-Spoofing Module (SAASM) GPS location and timing capabilities. The system provides continuous frequency coverage from 1.5 to 60 MHz. The manpack version provides 20 Watts HF and 10 Watts VHF transmit power from a single battery. The system transmits in bandwidths from 3 kHz to 24 kHz with data rates up to 120 Kbps. The software programmable system can operate using NATO standard 2G, 3G, and 4G ALE waveforms and is compatible with AM single sideband and CW modes.
f. The AN/PRC-167 is a multi-domain multi-channel tactical narrow and wide-band dual transceiver radio system providing Type 1 encryption and SAASM GPS location and timing capabilities. The system can provide wide-band high-assurance self-healing networking capabilities and mobile user objective system over-the-horizon capabilities. Each transceiver is software programmable operating in the 30-512 MHz and 764-2600 MHz frequency ranges. The system can operate using the following waveforms: narrowband analog/PCM AM/FM, continuously variable slope delta amplitude shift keying and frequency shift keying cipher text, wideband 2400 bps and LPC/2400 mixed excitation linear prediction--SATCOM.
g. The AN/APX-128, Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) Transponder, is a space diversity transponder and is installed on various military platforms. When installed in conjunction with platform antennas and the Remote-Control Unit (or other appropriate control unit), the transponder provides identification, altitude and surveillance reporting in response to interrogations from airborne, ground-based and/or surface interrogators.
h. The AN/PYQ-10 Simple Key Loader (SKL) is a ruggedized, portable, hand-held fill device, for securely receiving, storing, and transferring data between compatible cryptographic and communications equipment. The AN/PYQ-10 SKL will contain the KOV-21 COMSEC card. The cryptographic functions are performed by an embedded KOV-21 card developed by the NSA.
i. The KIV-79 IFF crypto applique provides cryptographic and time-of-day services for a combined interrogator/ transponder or individual interrogator or transponder Mark XIIA (Mode 4 and Mode 5) IFF system deployed to identify cooperative, friendly systems.
j. The AN/AVR-2B Laser Warning Receiver detects laser rangefinders, target designators and beam rider laser-aided systems targeting an aircraft or vehicle. The AVR-2B is a detection component of the suite of countermeasures designed to increase survivability of current generation combat aircraft and specialized special operations aircraft against the threat posed by laser designated or guided weapons.
k. The AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System is an integrated infrared countermeasures suite utilizing ultraviolet sensors to display accurate threat location and dispense decoys/countermeasures either automatically or under pilot/crew control to defeat incoming missile threats.
l. The EAGLE M+429 INS EGI, contains sensitive technology that provides GPS hardening when loaded with COMSEC keys.
m. The Common Infrared Countermeasure (CIRCM) is the next-generation lightweight, laser-based, infrared countermeasure system for rotary-wing, tilt rotor, and small fixedwing aircraft across the DoW. CIRCM provides near spherical coverage of the host platform to defeat infrared-seeking threat missiles. CIRCM receives an angular bearing hand-off from the Missile Warning System, employing a pointing and tracking system that acquires and tracks the incoming missile. CIRCM jams the missile by using modulated laser energy, thus degrading the tracking capability of the missile and causing it to miss the aircraft.
n. The AN/APR-39E(V)2 Radar Warning Receiver is a radar threat detection system that passively detects, categorizes, and prioritizes radio frequency (RF) threats to aircraft, and then provides an audio/visual cue to aircrew. AN/APR-39E(V)2 provides a fully digital capability to enhance threat discrimination in the millimeter wave band and increased overall system performance against frequency-agile RF and active electronically scanned array threat radars.
o. The KOR-24A Lightweight Airborne Recovery System with Link 16 capability provides enhanced situational awareness and personnel recovery support through participation in secure tactical data link networks. The system enables the transmission and reception of tactical data via Link 16 in support of joint and coalition operations. The system incorporates COMSEC and transmission security capabilities, enabling encrypted and secure data exchange using U.S. Government-approved cryptographic methods. Secure operation requires the use of classified keying material and network configuration parameters loaded via approved key loading devices (e.g., AN/PYQ-10 SKL). The case includes associated COMSEC equipment, including fill devices, cables, and ancillary components required to support secure operations. All COMSEC equipment, keying material, and network participation will be provided, controlled, and managed in accordance with U.S. Government security and releasability policy.
p. The Embedded GPS/INS EGI provides GPS and INS capabilities to the aircraft. The EGI will include SAASM security for GPS precision positioning service, if required.
2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures which might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities.
4. A determination has been made that Norway can provide substantially the same degree of protection of the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification.
5. All defense articles, technical data, and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of Norway.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4726–S4727 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (3,851 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 25-82.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-82 concerning the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Iraq for defense articles and services estimated to cost $800 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) (U) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Iraq.
(ii) (U) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment * $0.
Other $800 million.
Total $800 million.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) (U) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE): None.
Non-Major Defense Equipment: Bell 412EPX helicopters; Bell 407M helicopters; GAU-19 three-barrel machine gun launchers; M260 2.75-inch, 7-tube rockets; L-3 Wescam MX-15HDI Electro-Optical/Infrared sensor; AN/AAR-60 Block 2 Missile Launch Detection Systems; very high frequency radios; spare parts; peculiar ground support equipment; publications and technical data; new equipment training, including pilot and maintenance; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) (U) Military Department: Army (IQ-B-ZDT; IQ-B-ZEH).
(v) (U) Prior Related Cases, if any: None.
(vi) (U) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) (U) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: None.
(viii) (U) Date Report Delivered to Congress: August 31, 2026.
* As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
(U) The Government of Iraq has requested to buy Bell 412EPX helicopters; Bell 407M helicopters; GAU-19 three-barrel machine gun launchers; M260 2.75-inch, 7-tube rockets; L-3 Wescam MX-15HDI Electro-Optical/Infrared sensor; AN/AAR-60 Block 2 Missile Launch Detection Systems; very high frequency radios; spare parts; peculiar ground support equipment; publications and technical data; new equipment training, including pilot and maintenance; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $800 million.
(U) This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security of the United States by helping to improve the security of a strategic partner.
(U) The proposed sale will improve Iraq's capability to meet current and future threats by improving its rotary wing transport, reconnaissance, and air-to-surface targeting capabilities.
(U) The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
(U) The principal contractor will be Bell-Textron, located in Fort Worth, TX. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
(U) Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of additional U.S. Government personnel but will require the assignment of approximately four contractor representatives to Iraq.
(U) There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Arms Sales Notification
Page S4727 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (3,744 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 25-83.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 25-83 concerning the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Iraq for defense articles and services estimated to cost $150 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) (U) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Iraq.
(ii) (U) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment* $0.
Other $150 million.
Total $150 million.
Funding Source: National Funds and Foreign Military Financing.
(iii) (U) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE): None.
Non-Major Defense Equipment: Bell 412EPX helicopters; Very High Frequency (VHF) radios; spare parts; ground support equipment; publications and technical data; new equipment training including pilot and maintenance; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) (U) Military Department: Army (IQ-B-ZDV).
(v) (U) Prior Related Cases, if any: None.
(vi) (U) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) (U) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: None.
(viii) (U) Date Report Delivered to Congress: September 1, 2026.
* As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
(U) The Government of Iraq has requested to buy Bell 412EPX helicopters; Very High Frequency (VHF) radios; spare parts; ground support, equipment; publications and technical data; new equipment training including pilot and maintenance; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $150 million.
(U) This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security of the United States by helping to improve the security of a strategic partner.
(U) The proposed sale will improve Iraq's capability to meet current and future threats by providing an airlift capability for troop, medical and logistics transport. The addition of air-lift capability affords Counter-Terrorism Services operational capabilities. Iraq will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
(U) The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
(U) The principal contractor will be Bell-Textron, located in Fort Worth, TX. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
(U) Implementation of this proposed sale will require temporary duty travel of three (3) to five (5) U.S. Government representatives to Iraq for a duration of up to five (5) years. Implementation of this proposed sale will also require twelve (12) contractor representatives for support equipment fielding and training.
(U) There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4727–S4728 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (4,881 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-71.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-71 concerning the Air Force's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Oman for defense articles and services estimated to cost $188 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Oman.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment * $0.
Other $188 million.
Total $188 million.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE): None.
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will be included: major and minor modifications support and equipment; spare parts, consumables and accessories, and repair and return support; aircraft components, parts, and accessories; communications equipment; instruments and lab equipment; precision navigation; ground handling equipment; precision measurement equipment laboratory calibration; computer program identification numbers; engine component improvement program; weapons system support to include software, classified and unclassified software and software support, and classified and unclassified publications and technical documentation; maps and charts; clothing, textiles, and individual equipment; personnel training and training equipment; studies and surveys; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) Military Department: Air Force (MU-D-YAJ).
(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: (MU-D-QAO).
(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: None.
(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: September 1, 2026.
* As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
The Government of Oman has requested to buy the following non-major defense equipment (non-MDE) items: major and minor modifications support and equipment; spare parts, consumables and accessories, and repair and return support; aircraft components, parts, and accessories; communications equipment; instruments and lab equipment; precision navigation; ground handling equipment; precision measurement equipment laboratory calibration; computer program identification numbers; engine component improvement program; weapons system support to include software, classified and unclassified software and software support, and classified and unclassified publications and technical documentation; maps and charts; clothing, textiles, and individual equipment; personnel training and training equipment; studies and surveys; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $188 million.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security of the United States by helping to improve the security of a longstanding partner that continues to be an important force for political stability and economic progress in the Middle East.
The proposed sale will improve Oman's capability to meet current and future threats by increasing interoperability with U.S. and coalition partners and improving prospects for bilateral training and exercises with Oman's military forces. Oman already has F-16 aircraft in its inventory and will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
There is no principal contractor associated with this potential sale. Support will be provided by U.S. Government or contracted vendors based upon requirements as they are determined. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Oman.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Arms Sales Notification
Page S4728 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (3,433 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-IE.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-1E. This notification relates to enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability described in the Section 36(b)(1) AECA certification 17-28 of October 6, 2017.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Report of Enhancement or Upgrade of Sensitivity of Technology
or Capability (Sec. 36(b)(5)(C), AECA)
(i) Purchaser: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
(ii) Sec. 36(b)(1), AECA Transmittal No.: 17-28; Date: October 6, 2017; Implementing Agency: Missile Defense Agency.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description: On October 6, 2017, Congress was notified by congressional certification transmittal number 17-28 of the possible sale, under Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, of forty-four (44) Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) launchers; three hundred sixty (360) THAAD interceptor missiles; sixteen (16) THAAD fire control and communications mobile tactical station group; and seven (7) AN/TPY-2 THAAD radars. Also included were THAAD battery maintenance equipment; prime movers (trucks); generators; electrical power units; trailers; communications equipment; tools; test and maintenance equipment; repair and return; system integration and checkout; spare and repair parts; publications and technical documentation; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor technical and logistics personnel support services; facilities construction; studies; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated cost was $15.0 billion. Major defense equipment (MDE) constituted $9.0 billion of this total.
This transmittal reports the addition of one hundred twelve (112) THAAD interceptor missiles; and fifteen (15) THAAD launchers. The following non-MDE items will also be included: remote launch kits, sling kits, and software updates. The estimated total cost of the new MDE articles is $3.0 billion, resulting in a revised total estimated MDE cost of $12 billion. The total estimated cost of the new non-MDE articles is $200 million. The total estimated case value increases by $3.2 billion to a revised $18.2 billion.
(iv) Significance: This notification accounts for requested additional MDE and nonMDE items not included in the original notification. The inclusion of this MDE represents an increase in capability over what was previously notified. The proposed articles and services will support Saudi Arabia's capability to counter current and future regional threats.
(v) Justification: This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security of the United States by improving the security of a partner country that contributes to political stability and economic progress in the Gulf Region.
(vi) Sensitivity of Technology:
The Sensitivity of Technology Statement contained in the original notification applies to items reported here.
The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
(vii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: September 1, 2026.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4728–S4729 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (2,232 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-35.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-35 concerning the Air Force's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Saudi Arabia for defense articles and services estimated to cost $5 billion. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment* $2.0 billion.
Other $3.0 billion.
Total $5.0 billion.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE):
Five thousand four (5,004) KMU-572 Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) guidance kits.
Five thousand (5,000) KMU-556 JDAM guidance kits.
Five thousand four (5,004) BLU-111 500-lb general purpose bombs.
Five thousand (5,000) BLU-117 2,00-lb general purpose bombs.
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: FMU-139 fuze systems; DSU-38 and DSU-40 target detectors; containers and support equipment; spare parts, consumables and accessories, and repair and return support; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) Military Department: Air Force (SR-D-YAJ).
(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None.
(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex.
(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: September 1, 2026.
* As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia--Joint Direct Attack Munitions--Extend Range
Text printed in the Record (2,002 characters)
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has requested to buy five thousand four (5,004) KMU-572 Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) guidance kits; five thousand (5,000) KMU-556 JDAM guidance kits; five thousand four (5,004) BLU-111 500-lb general purpose bombs; and five thousand (5,000) BLU-117 2,000-lb general purpose bombs. The following non-major defense equipment will also be included: FMU-139 fuze systems; DSU-38 and DSU-40 target detectors; containers and support equipment; spare parts, consumables and accessories, and repair and return support; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $5.0 billion.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy goals and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a Major non-NATO Ally that is a force for political stability and economic progress in the Gulf Region.
The proposed sale will improve Saudi Arabia's airborne defense capability to counter current and future regional threats, strengthen its homeland defense, and improve interoperability with systems operated by U.S. forces and other Gulf Region partners. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the military balance in the region.
The principal contractor will be The Boeing Corporation, located in Arlington, VA. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness because of this proposed sale.
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1)of the Arms Export Control Act
Text printed in the Record (1,912 characters)
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology:
1. The Joint Direct Attack Munition-Extended Range (JDAM-ER) consist of a bomb body paired with a warhead-specific tail kit containing an Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System Precision Positioning Service guidance capability that converts unguided free-fall bombs into accurate, adverse weather "smart" munitions. The extended range wing kit can be readily installed on existing JDAM MK-82 500-lb weapons and JDAM MK-84 2,000-lb weapons in the field. The JDAM weapon can be used against a variety of land and surface targets during the day or night. It can also receive target coordinates via preplanned mission data from the delivery aircraft, by onboard aircraft sensors during captive carry, or from a third-party source via manual or automated aircrew cockpit entry.
a. The GBU-31 is a 2,000-lb JDAM, and consists of a KMU-556 tail kit and BLU-117 or MK-84 bomb body.
b. The GBU-38 is a 500-lb JDAM, and consists of a KMU-572 tail kit and BLU-111 or MK-82 bomb body.
2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities.
4. The U.S. Government has determined that Saudi Arabia can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification.
5. All defense articles and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4729–S4730 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (5,135 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-68.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-68 concerning the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Saudi Arabia for defense articles and services estimated to cost $750 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment* $300 million.
Other $450 million.
Total $750 million.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE): Sixty (60) AGT-1500 tank engines.
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: AGT-1500 containers; spare parts, consumables, and accessories; contractor logistics support; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) Military Department: Army (SR-B-VEM).
(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None.
(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex.
(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: September 1, 2026.
* As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has requested to buy sixty (60) AGT-1500 tank engines. The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: AGT-1500 containers; spare parts, consumables, and accessories; contractor logistics support; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $750 million.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a partner country that is a force for political stability and econonric progress in the Gulf Region.
The proposed sale will improve Saudi Arabia's capability to meet current and future threats by bolstering its readiness, its ability to support operational requirements, and contributing to capabilities necessary to achieve improved interoperability and execution of bilateral contingency plans. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
The principal contractor will be Honeywell, located in Anniston Army Depot, AL. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. government or contractor representatives to Saudi Arabia.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology:
1. AGT-1500 gas turbine propulsion system: The use of the AGT-1500 gas turbine propulsion system in the M1A1 is a unique application of armored vehicle power pack technology. The hardware is composed of the AGT-1500 engine and transmission and is not classified. Manufacturing processes associated with the production of turbine blades, recuperator, bearings and shafts, and hydrostatic pump and motor are proprietary and therefore sensitive in nature.
2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities.
4. A determination has been made that Saudi Arabia can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification.
5. All defense articles and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Arms Sales Notification
Pages S4730–S4731 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (7,043 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT 26-79.
Pursuant to the reporting requirements of Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), as amended, we are forwarding Transmittal No. 26-79 concerning the Army's proposed Letter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the Government of Argentina for defense articles and services estimated to cost $140 million. We will issue a news release to notify the public of this proposed sale upon delivery of this letter to your office.
Recipients:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Sincerely,
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act; as
amended
(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Argentina.
(ii) Total Estimated Value:
Major Defense Equipment * $12 million.
Other $128 million.
Total $140 million.
Funding Source: National Funds.
(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:
Major Defense Equipment (MDE):
Four (4) UH-60L Black Hawk helicopters.
Two (2) T700-GE-701D engines.
Non-MDE: The following non-MDE items will also be included: single or dual attitude heading reference system; APX-100 Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) transponder; APX-123 IFF transponder; AN/ARN-123 or AN/ARN-147 visual omnirange/ instrument landing system receiver; AN/ARN-89 or AN/ARN-149 automatic direction finder radio receiver; AN/ARC-220 high-frequency radio; ARC-186 very high frequency radio; Garmin GTN-750 global positioning system; Cobham C-5000 multiband radio; EBC 406HM emergency locator transmitter; internal auxiliary fuel tank systems; fast rope insertion extraction system; rescue hoist; rescue hoist equipment sets; cargo hook; Bambi bucket; maintenance and aircrew training devices/ software; helmets; transportation; organizational equipment; spare and repair parts; support equipment; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering; technical and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support.
(iv) Military Department: Army (AR-B-UZI).
(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None.
(vi) Sales Commission; Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time.
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex.
(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: September 10, 2026.
*As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.
The Government of Argentina has requested to buy four (4) UH-60L Black Hawk helicopters; and two (2) T700-GE-701D engines. The following non-major defense equipment items will also be included: single or dual attitude heading reference system; APX-100 Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) transponder; APX-123 IFF transponder; AN/ARN-123 or AN/ARN-147 visual omnirange/instrument landing system receiver; AN/ ARN-89 or AN/ARN-149 automatic direction finder radio receiver; AN/ARC-220 high-frequency radio; ARC-186 very high frequency radio; Garmin GTN-750 global positioning system; Cobham C-5000 multiband radio; EBC 406HM emergency locator transmitter; internal auxiliary nrel tank systems; fast rope insertion extraction system; rescue hoist; rescue hoist equipment sets; cargo hook; Bambi bucket; maintenance and aircrew training devices/software; helmets; transportation; organizational equipment; spare and repair parts; support equipment; tools and test equipment; technical data and publications; personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering; technical and logistics support services; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $140 million.
This proposed sale will support the foreign policy goals and national security objectives of the United States by improving the security of a major non-NATO Ally that is a force for political stability and economic progress in South America.
The proposed sale will improve Argentina's capability to meet current and future threats by providing the additional capacity to conduct Border security, counter-transnational crime, and humanitarian assistance/disaster response. Argentina will have no difficultly absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.
The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.
The principal contractor will be Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company, located in Stratford, CT. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.
Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Argentina.
There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to
Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act
(vii) Sensitivity of Technology:
1. The UH-60L aircraft is a medium lift, four-bladed helicopter which includes two (2) T-70 ID engines.
a. The AN/ARC-220 very high frequency-frequency modulation, single channel ground and airborne radio system, airborne radio is a reliable, field-proven voice and data communication system used with the UH-60L.
b. The AN/APX-123, Identification Friend or Foe transponder is a space diversity transponder installed on various military platforms. When installed in conjunction with platform antennas and remote-control unit (or other appropriate control unit), the transponder provides identification, altitude, and surveillance reporting in response to interrogations from airborne, ground-based, and/ or surface interrogators. No Mode-4, Mode-5, or Mode-S is installed in the equipment with a crypto device.
2. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is UNCLASSIFIED.
3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures which might reduce system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities.
4. A determination has been made that Argentina can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This proposed sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification.
5. All defense articles, technical data, and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of Argentina.
Arms Sales Notification
Page S4731 · Official textMr. President, section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act requires that Congress receive prior notification of certain proposed arms sales as defined by that statute. Upon such notification, the Congress has 30 calendar days during which the sale may be reviewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of proposed sales shall be sent to the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
In keeping with the committee's intention to see that relevant information is still available to the full Senate, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record the notifications that have been received. If the cover letter references a classified annex, then such an annex is available to all Senators in the office of the Foreign Relations Committee, room SD-423.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,999 characters)
Please find enclosed the following notification from the Department of State.
Department Notification Number: RSAT case 26-11769.
Pursuant to section 3(d) of the Arms Export Control Act, please find enclosed a certification of a proposed transfer of major defense equipment with an original acquisition value of approximately $29,600,000.
The transaction described in the attached certification involves the permanent transfer of (10) MIM-104E GEM-T Patriot interceptors to the Government of Ukraine. This transfer is consistent with U.S. security assistance objectives.
The United States government is prepared to authorize this transfer, having taken into account political, military, economic, human rights, and arms control considerations. Detailed information is contained in the attached certification.
Receiving Committees:
Speaker of the House of Representatives
House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
We hope you find this information useful. Please do not hesitate to contact us with questions.
Sincerely,
Senior Bureau Official,
Bureau of Legislative Affairs. Enclosure.
Notice of Proposed Permanent Transfer of Major Defense
Equipment *
(1) Name of the Countries or International Organization Proposing to Make Such Transfer: Government of Germany.
(2) Description of Article of Service Proposed to be Permanently Transferred: (10) MIM-104E GEM-T Patriot interceptors.
(3) Name of the Proposed Recipient of Such Article: The Government of Ukraine.
(4) The Reasons for the Proposed Transfer: Ukraine seeks to acquire these systems to bolster its air defense capability against ongoing Russian attacks. Ukraine already possesses munitions of the same type.
(5) Date Transfer is Proposed to be Made: Immediately after the congressional notification period is complete.
(6) Date Notification was Delivered to Congress: August 14, 2026.
* Major Defense Equipment is as defined in section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended.
Cluster Munitions
Page S4731 · Official textMr. President, the Third Review Conference of States Parties to the Convention on Cluster Munitions is underway in Laos, a country where millions of U.S. cluster munitions from the Vietnam war continue to maim and kill civilians. Large areas of provinces bordering Vietnam remain contaminated with these deadly explosives. The U.S. is helping clear these munitions, but more resources are needed.
Cluster munitions continue to be used today in other armed conflicts. A provision in U.S. law authored by my predecessor Senator Leahy prohibits the sale or transfer of cluster munitions with a failure rate of more than 1 percent. That was an important step, but further action is necessary. Cluster munitions are delivered by artillery or aircraft, disbursed by hundreds or thousands over wide areas. If they detonate on impact as designed, they threaten the lives and livelihoods of anyone--combatant or noncombatant--within a large radius. Cluster munitions that fail to detonate pose an unacceptable risk to innocent people for years or decades, just like landmines.
I commend the states parties to the Convention and the nongovernmental organizations around the world, like Legacies of War in the United States, which have worked to rid the world of these indiscriminate weapons. The U.S. and the other major powers should join both the Convention on Cluster Munitions and the Anti-personnel Mine Ban Convention and work to end the production, stockpiling, transfer, and use of these weapons that have no place in the arsenal of civilized nations.
Recognizing the 50th Anniversary of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Keyport's Hawthorne Operating Site
Pages S4731–S4732 · Official textRECOGNIZING THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIVISION, KEYPORT'S HAWTHORNE OPERATING SITE
Mr. President, I rise today to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Division, Keyport's Hawthorne Operating Site.
For 50 years, the dedicated men and women of the Hawthorne Operating Site have supported the U.S. Navy from right here in the Nevada desert. Though they are hundreds of miles from the ocean, their work has had an important impact on the readiness of our Navy and the security of our Nation and its allies. The Hawthorne Operating Site's early work included helping with mine storage and maintenance, and today, it supports logistics and supply, demilitarization, and depot-level repairs for the Navy's mine force.
This 50th anniversary is an opportunity to celebrate the long history of the installation and the community that has grown alongside it. Originally established as the Naval Ammunition Depot Hawthorne in 1930, the site has been an important part of Mineral County and Nevada for nearly a century. During World War II, it served as a primary staging ground for munitions supporting our forces in the Pacific, highlighting Nevada's important contribution to our Nation's defense.
The history of this installation is inseparable from the history of the people who have called Hawthorne home. The nearby community of Babbitt grew alongside the depot, with its own schools, businesses, homes, and a strong sense of community. Generations of Hawthorne families have dedicated their careers to supporting the installation, building a proud tradition of hard work, resilience, and service.
Today, the Hawthorne Operating Site continues that tradition as part of the Hawthorne Army Depot. Its close partnership with the Army is an example of the importance of cooperation across our Armed Forces. This partnership strengthens our Nation's defense while supporting the local economy and community.
As we celebrate 50 years of the NUWC Division, Keyport's Operating Site in Hawthorne, I want to recognize the employees who have carried out this mission over the past five decades. Their work often happens far from the public eye, but it is essential to supporting our sailors and maintaining the strength and readiness of our Navy.
I am proud to join the people of Mineral County and Nevadans across our State in celebrating this important anniversary. To the current and former employees of the NUWC Division, Keyport's Operating Site in Hawthorne, thank you for your tireless service, your commitment to our Navy, and your dedication to defending our Nation and promoting peace and security around the world. Congratulations on 50 years of exceptional service, and happy anniversary to the Guardians Beneath the Waves.
200th Anniversary of East Machias, Maine
Page S4732 · Official textMr. President, located on U.S. Route 1 near the 45th parallel and nestled among the forests and rivers of eastern Maine sits the town of East Machias, now celebrating its bicentennial year. Taking its name from the swift-flowing river the Passamaquoddy called "bad little falls," East Machias is known for its beautiful scenery, abundant wildlife, Colonial history, and warm, small-town community.
East Machias was originally part of the town of Machias that was established as a British Colony. Records of trading posts in East Machias can be found as early as 1633, while the Colony wasn't officially settled until more than a century later, in 1763. In 1765, East Machias' first sawmill was built, launching a rich lumbering and shipbuilding industry which would remain the backbone of the economy for centuries. This industry was driven both by the forests of eastern Maine and the proximity to the Machias River system. These rivers also helped East Machias become a hub for trade and commerce and proved critical to the development of the region following the American Revolutionary War.
A key landmark in East Machias is Washington Academy, a private school founded in 1792. The Academy's classes were originally conducted in Machias, taking place in the legendary Burnham Tavern--the headquarters of the patriots that fought and won the first naval battle of the American Revolution at Machias Bay--and then the Masonic Hall until the first school building was opened in East Machias in 1823. Today, Washington Academy is a high-achieving school that serves the local communities as well as international students from more than 20 countries.
Along with the Washington Academy, East Machias is home to a beautiful historic district, which was officially recognized by the National Park Service in 1973. The area encompasses the centers of the lumber and shipping industries, numerous houses built between 1760 and 1880, and several churches, including the First Congregational Church and the Former Church of the Disciples of Christ. The district also houses the archeological remains of four separate river-powered lumber and grain mills.
Due to its scenic location among the rivers, forests, and coast of eastern Maine, East Machias is a popular destination for outdoors enthusiasts in all seasons. The appeal of East Machias to travelers and Mainers alike are the characteristics of quintessential Maine. It is a pleasure to congratulate the people of East Machias on this 200th anniversary and to wish them all the best in the years to come.
Recognizing Kaddas Enterprises
Page S4732 · Official textMr. President, I rise today to recognize and honor Natalie Kaddas and Kaddas Enterprises on this 60th anniversary celebration.
Natalie Kaddas, the company's second-generation owner and chief executive officer. When John and Carol Kaddas were ready to retire, they turned the company over to their son Jay and his wife Natalie. Natalie's own story is a distinctly Utah one. She attended Salt Lake Community College's Travel and Tourism program, stepped away to raise a family, and returned to the classroom again and again over the years, training in employment law, accounting, sales, and electrical technology as the business demanded new skills of her. In 2019, SLCC recognized her with its Distinguished Alumni Award. She is also a graduate of the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses program, and Utah Business named her one of its 30 Women to Watch in 2025.
Under Natalie's leadership, Kaddas Enterprises has grown from a regional manufacturer into a company whose products protect wildlife and power infrastructure on multiple continents. She has taken her father-in-law's original mission--protecting raptors from electrocution--and expanded it dramatically. Just this year, Kaddas Enterprises and the Kenya Power and Lighting Company launched a 5-year partnership to bring the BirdguarD line to East Africa, a region where wildlife contact with power infrastructure causes roughly 30 percent of outages. The agreement will help protect species such as the Augur Buzzard and Martial Eagle in habitats like the Soysambu Conservancy, while reducing the animal-caused electrical faults that can spark wildfires and endanger nearby communities and critical energy systems. It is Utah innovation, quite literally, saving raptors, protecting the grid, and preventing wildfires around the world.
Natalie's leadership extends well beyond her own company. She serves as chair of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's Small Business Council, sits on the Chamber's board of directors and executive committee as the West Region's vice chair, and serves on the Utah District Export Council and the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Business Voices National Leadership Council. In every one of these roles, she carries Utah's small business perspective to a national stage.
Sixty years ago, John and Carol Kaddas built a company in their kitchen. Today, under Natalie Kaddas' leadership, that company protects eagles in Utah, buzzards in Kenya, employs dozens of Utahns, and stands as a model of what a family business can become.
I ask that my colleagues join me in congratulating Natalie Kaddas and the Kaddas Enterprises team on 60 remarkable years; may their work continue to benefit future generations of Utahns and have lasting impact on here and abroad.
Messages from the President
Page S4732 · Official textMessages from the President of the United States were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Hanley, one of his secretaries.
Executive Messages Referred
Page S4732 · Official textIn executive session the PRESIDING OFFICER laid before the Senate messages from the President of the United States submitting sundry nominations which were referred to the appropriate committees. (The messages received today are printed at the end of the Senate proceedings.)
Message from the House
Pages S4732–S4733 · Official textAt 2:15 p.m., a message from the House of Representatives, delivered by Mrs. Alli, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House has passed the following bills, without amendment:
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S. 550. An act to provide for the equitable settlement of certain Indian land disputes regarding land in Illinois, and for other purposes.
S. 603. An act to designate the General George C. Marshall House, in the Commonwealth of Virginia, as an affiliated area of the National Park System, and for other purposes.
S. 759. An act to provide for the standardization, publication, and accessibility of data relating to public outdoor recreational use of Federal waterways, and for other purposes.
S. 790. An act to redesignate the National Historic Trails Interpretive Center in Casper,
Wyoming, as the "Barbara L. Cubin National Historic Trails Interpretive Center".
The message also announced that the House has passed the following bills, in which it requests the concurrence of the Senate:
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H.R. 309. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to provide funding for the National Law Enforcement Museum, and for other purposes.
H.R. 741. An act to redesignate the position of Director of the Indian Health Service within the Department of Health and Human Services as Assistant Secretary for Indian Health, and for other purposes.
H.R. 2317. An act to provide for transfer of ownership of certain Federal lands in northern Nevada, to authorize the disposal of certain Federal lands in northern Nevada for economic development, to promote conservation in northern Nevada, and for other purposes.
H.R. 2406. An act to amend the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 to address sexual harassment and sexual assault involving National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration personnel, and for other purposes.
H.R. 3276. An act to direct the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Urban Bird Treaty Program.
H.R. 3925. An act to provide for a land exchange in San Bernardino County, California, and for other purposes.
H.R. 4219. An act to direct the Secretary of the Interior to establish the National Wildlife Refuge System Invasive Species Strike Team Program.
H.R. 4931. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to extend certain leases within units of the National Park System without opening the lease to bidding.
H.R. 5063. An act to ensure continuity of staffing at Federal beaches, and for other purposes.
H.R. 6021. An act to clarify the treatment of authentic Alaska Native articles of handicraft containing nonedible migratory bird parts under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and for other purposes.
H.R. 6893. An act to reauthorize the Chesapeake Bay Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and for other purposes.
H.R. 7889. An act to amend the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 to reauthorize the water resources research and technology institutes program, and for other purposes.
H.R. 8121. An act to designate the Christiansted Bandstand at the Christiansted National Historic Site, St. Croix, Virgin Islands, as the "Peter G. Thurland, Sr., Bandstand".
H.R. 8454. An act to provide for the transfer of administrative jurisdiction over certain Federal land in the State of California, and for other purposes.
H.R. 8658. An act to amend the Indian Health Care Improvement Act to modify the notification requirement for emergency contract health services for certain beneficiaries, and for other purposes.
H.R. 9342. An act to revise certain authorities of the Government Publishing Office, and for other purposes.
H.R. 9360. An act to sunset the Advisory Committee on the Records of Congress, and for other purposes.
H.R. 10159. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Army to convey to the State of North Carolina a certain parcel of real property located at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, on which the State shall construct a veterans' State home, and for other purposes.
H.R. 10167. An act to direct the Secretary of the Treasury to stop minting the penny, to require cash transactions to be rounded up or down to the nearest 5 cents, and for other purposes.
H.R. 10204. An act to modify the appointment and removal process for certain legislative branch officers, and for other purposes.
The message further announced that the House has passed the following bills, with an amendment, in which it requests the concurrence of the Senate:
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S. 240. An act to amend the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 to make improvements to that Act, and for other purposes.
S. 283. An act to require the Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and the Administrator of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to develop a standard methodology for identifying the country of origin of seafood to support enforcement against illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, and for other purposes.
Measures Referred
Page S4733 · Official textThe following bills were read the first and the second times by unanimous consent, and referred as indicated:
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H.R. 741. An act to redesignate the position of Director of the Indian Health Service within the Department of Health and Human Services as Assistant Secretary for Indian Health, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Indian Affairs.
H.R. 2317. An act to provide for transfer of ownership of certain Federal lands in northern Nevada, to authorize the disposal of certain Federal lands in northern Nevada for economic development, to promote conservation in northern Nevada, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
H.R. 2406. An act to amend the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 to address sexual harassment and sexual assault involving National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration personnel, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
H.R. 3276. An act to direct the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Urban Bird Treaty Program; to the Committee on Environment and Public Works.
H.R. 3925. An act to provide for a land exchange in San Bernandino County, California, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Indian Affairs.
H.R. 4219. An act to direct the Secretary of the Interior to establish the National Wildlife Refuge System Invasive Species Strike Team Program; to the Committee on Environment and Public Works.
H.R. 5063. An act to ensure continuity of staffing at Federal beaches, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
H.R. 6021. An act to clarify the treatment of authentic Alaska Native articles of handicraft containing nonedible migratory bird parts under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Environment and Public Works.
H.R. 6893. An act to authorize the Chesapeake Bay Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
H.R. 7889. An act to amend the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 to reauthorize the water resources research and technology institutes program, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Environment and Public Works.
H.R. 8121. An act to designate the Christiansted Bandstand at the Christiansted National Historic Site, St. Croix, Virgin Islands, as the "Peter G. Thurland, Sr., Bandstand"; to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
H.R. 9360. An act to sunset the Advisory Committee on the Records of Congress, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
H.R. 10159. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Army to convey to the State of North Carolina a certain parcel of real property located at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, on which the State shall construct a veterans' State home, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Armed Services.
H.R. 10167. An act to direct the Secretary of the Treasury to stop minting the penny, to require cash transactions to be rounded up or down to the nearest 5 cents, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.
Measures Discharged
Page S4733 · Official textThe following joint resolution was discharged from the Committee on Environment and Public Works, by petition, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 802(c) and placed on the calendar:
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S.J. Res. 204. Joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration relating to "Rescinding the Definition of `Harm' Under the Endangered Species Act".
Measures Placed on the Calendar
Pages S4733–S4734 · Official textThe following bill was read the first and second times by unanimous consent, and placed on the calendar:
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H.R. 8454. An act to provide for the transfer of administrative jurisdiction over certain Federal land in the State of California, and for other purposes.
Executive and Other Communications
Page S4734 · Official textThe following communications were laid before the Senate, together with accompanying papers, reports, and documents, and were referred as indicated:
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EC-4681. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, the Army's proposed letter(s) of offer and acceptance to the Government of Iraq for defense articles and services estimated to cost $800 million ((RSAT Case 25-82)(OSS-2026-0648)); to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
EC-4682. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, the Army's proposed letter(s) of offer and acceptance to the Government of Iraq for defense articles and services estimated to cost $150 million ((RSAT Case 25-83)(OSS-2026-0647)); to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
EC-4683. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, the Air Force's proposed letter(s) of offer and acceptance to the Government of Saudi Arabia for defense articles and services estimated to cost $5 billion ((RSAT Case 26-35)(OSS-2026-0646)); to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
EC-4684. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act, the notification of enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability ((RSAT Case 26-1E)(OSS-2026-0645)); to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
EC-4685. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, the Army's proposed letter(s) of offer and acceptance to the Government of Saudi Arabia for defense articles and services estimated to cost $750 million ((RSAT Case 26-68)(OSS-2026-0644)); to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
EC-4686. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, the Air Force's proposed letter(s) of offer and acceptance to the Government of Oman for defense articles and services estimated to cost $188 million ((RSAT Case 26-71)(OSS-2026-0643)); to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
EC-4687. A communication from the President of the United States, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report of the continuation of the national emergency with respect to the terrorist attacks on the United States of September 11, 2001 that was declared in Proclamation 7463 of September 14, 2001; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.
EC-4688. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, the Army's proposed letter(s) of offer and acceptance to the Government of Argentina for defense articles and services estimated to cost $140 million (RSAT Case 26-79); to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
EC-4689. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to section 36(b)(5)(C) of the Arms Export Control Act, the notification of enhancements or upgrades from the level of sensitivity of technology or capability (RSAT Case 26-1G); to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
EC-4690. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Modification of Civil Aircraft to Incorporate Aircraft Survivability Equipment" (RIN1400-AG17) received during the adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on September 4, 2026; to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
EC-4691. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Prohibited Exports, Imports, and Sales to or From Certain Countries-Cyprus" (RIN1400-AG34) received in the Office of the President of the Senate on September 15, 2026; to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
EC-4692. A communication from the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled "International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Extension of Temporary Modification of Category XI(b) of the U.S. Munitions List" (RIN1400-AG36) received during the adjournment of the Senate in the Office of the President of the Senate on September 10, 2026; to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Reports of Committees
Page S4734 · Official textThe following reports of committees were submitted:
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By Mr. PAUL, from the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, with an amendment in the nature of a substitute:
S. 388. A bill to amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act with respect to the implementation of building codes, and for other purposes.
Introduction of Bills and Joint Resolutions
Page S4734 · Official textThe following bills and joint resolutions were introduced, read the first and second times by unanimous consent, and referred as indicated:
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By Ms. CORTEZ MASTO (for herself and Mr. Young):
S. 5395. A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude from gross income any compensatory damages with respect to sexual assault claims, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Finance.
By Mr. VAN HOLLEN (for himself and Mr. Wicker):
S. 5396. A bill to prohibit the use of Federal funds to install new permanent fencing around the United States Capitol, any of the Capitol Buildings, or any portion of the Capitol Grounds; to the Committee on Rules and Administration.
By Mrs. GILLIBRAND (for herself, Mr. Welch, Ms. Rosen,
and Ms. Klobuchar):
S. 5397. A bill to repeal section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930; to the Committee on Finance.
By Mrs. MOODY:
S. 5398. A bill to establish the United States Space Academy as a service academy of the United States, to require that the Academy be located in the State of Florida, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
By Mr. VAN HOLLEN:
S. 5399. A bill to prohibit the use of Federal, State, foreign, or private funds to install permanent fencing around the White House complex; to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
By Mr. CURTIS:
S. 5400. A bill to provide for multilateral semiconductor technology supply chain coordination, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
By Mr. HEINRICH:
S. 5401. A bill to amend the Department of Energy Organization Act to require that financial assistance provided by the Department of Energy promote high labor standards, community benefits, domestic manufacturing, and support for small or disadvantaged communities, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
By Mr. WYDEN (for himself and Mr. Merkley):
S. 5402. A bill to extend authorizations for aquatic ecosystem restoration projects, multi-benefit watershed health projects, and WaterSMART grants, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
By Mr. SCHATZ (for himself, Mr. Padilla, Mr. Merkley,
Ms. Warren, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. Booker,
Ms. Baldwin, and Mr. Lujan):
S. 5403. A bill to establish State-Federal partnerships to provide students the opportunity to attain higher education at in-State public institutions of higher education without debt, to provide Federal Pell Grant eligibility to DREAMer students, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
By Mr. MERKLEY (for himself, Mr. Booker, Mr.
Blumenthal, Ms. Duckworth, Ms. Hirono, Mr. Markey,
Mr. Padilla, Mr. Van Hollen, Mr. Warnock, Ms. Warren,
Mr. Welch, Mr. Wyden, and Mr. Durbin):
S.J. Res. 214. A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to prohibit the use of slavery and involuntary servitude as a punishment for a crime; to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Submission of Concurrent and Senate Resolutions
Pages S4734–S4735 · Official textThe following concurrent resolutions and Senate resolutions were read, and referred (or acted upon), as indicated:
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By Mr. BOOKER (for himself, Mr. Kennedy, and Mr.
Peters):
S. Res. 853. A resolution recognizing suicide as a serious public health problem and expressing support for the designation of September 8, 2026, as "988 Day" and the role of 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
By Mr. WYDEN (for himself, Ms. Alsobrooks, Ms. Baldwin,
Mr. Bennet, Mr. Blumenthal, Ms. Blunt Rochester, Mr.
Booker, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Coons, Ms. Duckworth, Mr.
Durbin, Mr. Fetterman, Mr. Heinrich, Ms. Hirono, Mr.
Kaine, Mr. King, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Lujan, Mr.
Markey, Mr. Merkley, Mr. Padilla, Mr. Sanders, Mr.
Schatz, Mr. Schiff, Mrs. Shaheen, Ms. Smith, Mr. Van
Hollen, Mr. Warner, Ms. Warren, Mr. Welch, and Mr.
Whitehouse):
S. Res. 854. A resolution designating September 2026 as "National Voting Rights Month"; to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Additional Cosponsors
Pages S4735–S4737 · Official textAt the request of Mr. Daines, the names of the Senator from Alabama (Mr. Tuberville) and the Senator from Florida (Mrs. Moody) were added as cosponsors of S. 137, a bill to amend title 41, United States Code, to prohibit the Federal Government from entering into contracts with an entity that discriminates against firearm or ammunition industries, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Risch, the name of the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 227, a bill to prohibit the use of certain American History and Civics Education program funds for curriculum, or teaching or counseling, that promotes or compels a divisive concept under the priorities noticed in the proposed rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to Proposed Priorities-American History and Civics Education. At the request of Mr. Crapo, the name of the Senator from Texas (Mr. Cruz) was added as a cosponsor of S. 364, a bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to remove silencers from the definition of firearms, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Hoeven, the name of the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 465, a bill to require the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to reform the interconnection queue process for the prioritization and approval of certain projects, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Risch, the names of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. Marshall), the Senator from Arkansas (Mr. Cotton) and the Senator from North Carolina (Mr. Budd) were added as cosponsors of S. 1169, a bill to prohibit State excise taxes on firearms and ammunition manufacturers and dealers. At the request of Mr. Blumenthal, the name of the Senator from California (Mr. Schiff) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1245, a bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to expand health care and benefits from the Department of Veterans Affairs for military sexual trauma, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Heinrich, the name of the Senator from Michigan (Ms. Slotkin) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1370, a bill to amend title 18, United States Code, to restrict the possession of certain firearms, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Durbin, the name of the Senator from Illinois (Ms. Duckworth) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1829, a bill to combat the sexual exploitation of children by supporting victims and promoting accountability and transparency by the tech industry. At the request of Mr. Merkley, the name of the Senator from Michigan (Mr. Peters) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1874, a bill to amend the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize certain nursing workforce development programs, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Ossoff, the name of the Senator from Delaware (Ms. Blunt Rochester) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1879, a bill to amend chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code, to require Members of Congress and their spouses and dependent children to place certain assets into blind trusts, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Boozman, the name of the Senator from Connecticut (Mr. Blumenthal) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1918, a bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow a refundable tax credit against income tax for the purchase of qualified access technology for the blind. At the request of Mr. Schumer, the name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. Marshall) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1929, a bill to establish programs to reduce rates of sepsis. At the request of Ms. Cantwell, the name of the Senator from Connecticut (Mr. Murphy) was added as a cosponsor of S. 2042, a bill to provide lasting protection for inventoried roadless areas within the National Forest System. At the request of Mr. Sullivan, the name of the Senator from Minnesota (Ms. Smith) was added as a cosponsor of S. 2229, a bill to require the Secretary of the Treasury to mint a coin in recognition of the Foreign Service of the United States and its contribution to United States diplomacy. At the request of Mr. Risch, the name of the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr. McCormick) was added as a cosponsor of S. 2251, a bill to amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to prevent the use of funds under such Act to teach or advance concepts related to gender ideology, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. McCormick, the name of the Senator from Mississippi (Mrs. Hyde-Smith) was added as a cosponsor of S. 3076, a bill to amend the Controlled Substances Act to permanently schedule the class of 2-benzylbenzimidazole-opioids known as nitazenes, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Risch, the names of the Senator from Arkansas (Mr. Cotton) and the Senator from North Carolina (Mr. Budd) were added as cosponsors of S. 3085, a bill to ensure that certain operations, functions, and services of the Federal Government relating to enforcement of firearms laws and firearm export licensing continue during a lapse in appropriations. At the request of Mr. McCormick, the names of the Senator from Louisiana (Mr. Cassidy), the Senator from Maryland (Ms. Alsobrooks) and the Senator from Maryland (Mr. Van Hollen) were added as cosponsors of S. 3524, a bill to amend title 54, United States Code, to modify certain cost-sharing requirements for grant programs under the American Battlefield Protection Program, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Booker, the name of the Senator from New Jersey (Mr. Kim) was added as a cosponsor of S. 4143, a bill to require coverage of incarcerated workers under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. McCormick, the names of the Senator from Indiana (Mr. Young) and the Senator from Virginia (Mr. Kaine) were added as cosponsors of S. 4395, a bill to reauthorize the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Markey, the name of the Senator from Maryland (Ms. Alsobrooks) was added as a cosponsor of S. 4411, a bill to clarify eligibility for small business loans, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Cassidy, the name of the Senator from Alabama (Mrs. Britt) was added as a cosponsor of S. 4427, a bill to prohibit the Secretary of Labor from finalizing, implementing, or enforcing a proposed standard with respect to heat injury and illness prevention, and for other purposes. At the request of Ms. Rosen, the name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. Husted) was added as a cosponsor of S. 4576, a bill to strengthen Federal efforts to counter antisemitism in the United States and protect the Jewish community. At the request of Mr. Cornyn, the name of the Senator from Nebraska (Mrs. Fischer) was added as a cosponsor of S. 4775, a bill to amend the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act to clarify liability protections for firearms and associated manufacturers and retailers, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Markey, the name of the Senator from Connecticut (Mr. Murphy) was added as a cosponsor of S. 4814, a bill to require the Secretary of Homeland Security to designate Haiti for temporary protected status. At the request of Mr. Markey, the name of the Senator from Oregon (Mr. Merkley) was added as a cosponsor of S. 4941, a bill to expand access to methadone through alternative care models using pharmacies. At the request of Mr. Booker, the name of the Senator from New Jersey (Mr. Kim) was added as a cosponsor of S. 5022, a bill to decriminalize and deschedule cannabis, to provide for reinvestment in certain persons adversely impacted by the War on Drugs, to provide for expungement of certain cannabis offenses, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Curtis, the names of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. Marshall) and the Senator from Arizona (Mr. Gallego) were added as cosponsors of S. 5045, a bill to amend the Clean Air Act to modify the handling of air quality monitoring with respect to prescribed fires, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Padilla, the name of the Senator from Illinois (Ms. Duckworth) was added as a cosponsor of S. 5066, a bill to improve the health of minority individuals, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Boozman, the names of the Senator from Indiana (Mr. Banks) and the Senator from Illinois (Ms. Duckworth) were added as cosponsors of S. 5180, a bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to ensure stability for provider payments under the Medicare program. At the request of Mr. Blumenthal, the names of the Senator from Illinois (Ms. Duckworth) and the Senator from California (Mr. Schiff) were added as cosponsors of S. 5201, a bill to amend title 18, United States Code, to protect more victims of domestic violence by preventing their abusers from possessing or receiving firearms, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Schiff, the name of the Senator from Maryland (Ms. Alsobrooks) was added as a cosponsor of S. 5234, a bill to amend the Act of March 2, 1931, to establish a Human-Wildlife Conflict Reduction Program, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Kelly, the names of the Senator from Delaware (Mr. Coons) and the Senator from Tennessee (Mrs. Blackburn) were added as cosponsors of S. 5249, a bill to amend the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 to align the licensing of uranium enrichment facilities with other fuel cycle facilities under that Act, and for other purposes. At the request of Ms. Murkowski, the name of the Senator from Connecticut (Mr. Blumenthal) was added as a cosponsor of S. 5273, a bill to improve fisheries stock assessments by incorporating eDNA, and for other purposes. At the request of Mrs. Fischer, the name of the Senator from Tennessee (Mrs. Blackburn) was added as a cosponsor of S. 5336, a bill to amend title 49, United States Code, to prohibit liability at common law for failure to manufacture or equip a motor vehicle to an extent that exceeds applicable motor vehicle safety standards, and for other purposes. At the request of Mrs. Britt, the name of the Senator from South Carolina (Mr. Scott) was added as a cosponsor of S. 5337, a bill to amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to provide for extensions of detention of certain aliens ordered removed, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. McCormick, the name of the Senator from West Virginia (Mr. Justice) was added as a cosponsor of S. 5360, a bill to amend the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act to reauthorize the Rural and Municipal Utility Advanced Cybersecurity Grant and Technical Assistance Program, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Risch, the name of the Senator from Idaho (Mr. Crapo) was added as a cosponsor of S. 5362, a bill to direct the Secretary of State to advocate for the inclusion and recognition of the Central Tibetan Administration, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Budd, the names of the Senator from Tennessee (Mrs. Blackburn) and the Senator from Indiana (Mr. Young) were added as cosponsors of S. 5370, a bill to state the policy of the United States with respect to international religious freedom in the People's Republic of China, and for other purposes. At the request of Ms. Warren, the name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. Durbin) was added as a cosponsor of S. 5389, a bill to prevent corruption in banking applications, to prohibit Presidents from owning or controlling banks, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Schumer, the name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. Warnock) was added as a cosponsor of S. 5390, a bill to terminate and refund certain duties imposed by the President, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. Schiff, the name of the Senator from Oregon (Mr. Wyden) was added as a cosponsor of S.J. Res.
204, a joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration relating to "Rescinding the Definition of `Harm' Under the Endangered Species Act". At the request of Mr. Schmitt, the names of the Senator from Montana (Mr. Sheehy), the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. Lankford) and the Senator from Texas (Mr. Cruz) were added as cosponsors of S.J. Res. 206, a joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Standards; Notice of Decision Granting a Waiver of Clean Air Act Preemption for California's 2009 and Subsequent Model Year Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards for New Motor Vehicles". At the request of Mr. Ricketts, the name of the Senator from Texas (Mr. Cruz) was added as a cosponsor of S.J. Res. 207, a joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Standards; Notice of Decision Granting a Waiver of Clean Air Act Preemption for California's Advanced Clean Car Program and a Within the Scope Conformation for California's Zero Emission Vehicle Amendments for 2017 and Earlier Model Years". At the request of Mr. Husted, the name of the Senator from Texas (Mr. Cruz) was added as a cosponsor of S.J. Res. 208, a joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Car Program; Reconsideration of a Previous Withdrawal of a Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". At the request of Mr. Sullivan, the name of the Senator from Texas (Mr. Cruz) was added as a cosponsor of S.J. Res. 209, a joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Ocean-Going Vessels At-Berth; Notice of Decision". At the request of Mr. Durbin, the name of the Senator from New Mexico (Mr. Heinrich) was added as a cosponsor of S.J. Res. 213, a joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement of the Department of Homeland Security relating to "Establishing a Fixed Time Period of Admission and an Extension of Stay Procedure for Nonimmigrant Academic Students, Exchange Visitors, and Representatives of Foreign Information Media". At the request of Mr. Grassley, the name of the Senator from California (Mr. Padilla) was added as a cosponsor of S. Res. 236, a resolution calling for the return of abducted Ukrainian children before finalizing any peace agreement to end the war against Ukraine. At the request of Mr. Kelly, the name of the Senator from Arizona (Mr. Gallego) was added as a cosponsor of S. Res. 662, a resolution honoring the life and service of United States Marine Corps veteran Nicholas Douglas Quets, expressing condolences to his family, and condemning cartel violence. At the request of Mr. Risch, the name of the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. Lankford) was added as a cosponsor of S. Res. 826, a resolution honoring the contributions of small manufacturers of firearms to the economy, culture, and recreational heritage of the United States and recognizing the month of August 2026 as "National Shooting Sports Month". At the request of Mr. Risch, the name of the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. Lankford) was added as a cosponsor of S. Res. 827, a resolution recognizing the 100th anniversary of the creation of the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute, Inc. (SAAMI) and commending its work establishing industry standards that ensure the safe interoperability of firearms and ammunition.
Senate Resolution 853--Recognizing Suicide as a Serious Public Health Problem and Expressing Support for the Designation of September 8, 2026, as "988 Day" and the Role of 988 Suicide and Crisis...
Page S4737 · Official textSENATE RESOLUTION 853--RECOGNIZING SUICIDE AS A SERIOUS PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM AND EXPRESSING SUPPORT FOR THE DESIGNATION OF SEPTEMBER 8, 2026, AS "988 DAY" AND THE ROLE OF 988 SUICIDE AND CRISIS LIFELINE Mr. BOOKER (for himself, Mr. Kennedy, and Mr. Peters) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions:
Text printed in the Record (3,747 characters)
Whereas, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (referred to in this preamble as the "CDC"), in 2024--
(1) suicide was the second-leading cause of death for people aged 10 to 34;
(2) suicide was responsible for more than 48,800 deaths, or about 1 death every 11 minutes; and
(3) suicide was the tenth-leading cause of death in the United States overall;
Whereas, according to the CDC, from 1999 through 2018, the national suicide rate increased by 35 percent;
Whereas suicide and attempts have a devastating and long-lasting impact on individuals, families, and communities across the United States;
Whereas over 90 percent of individuals who die by suicide were living with a diagnosable mental health condition at the time of their death, conditions that are frequently undiagnosed or untreated;
Whereas untreated mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, significantly increase the risk of suicide;
Whereas access to timely and effective mental health services and crisis support is a vital component of suicide prevention;
Whereas, on July 16, 2022, 988 became the nationwide, three-digit dialing code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, now known as the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline (referred to in this preamble as the "988 Lifeline");
Whereas the 988 Lifeline is operated by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (referred to in this preamble as "SAMHSA") and connects individuals in crisis to a national network of over 200 State and locally funded crisis centers that are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week;
Whereas the 988 Lifeline offers services in over 240 languages, and provides support through phone, chat, and TTY services for the deaf and hard of hearing, as well as specialized options, including a veterans crisis line and services for Spanish speakers;
Whereas, since the launch of the 988 Lifeline in July 2022, it has routed nearly 26,200,000 contacts, including calls, texts, and chats;
Whereas, according to SAMHSA, a recent study found that 98 percent of callers reported the 988 Lifeline was helpful and 88 percent of callers said the 988 Lifeline prevented them from harming themselves;
Whereas, since the original launch of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline in 2005, annual contact volume increased steadily by approximately 14 percent, with the number of interactions growing from 46,000 in 2005 to over 7,800,000 in 2025;
Whereas, from July 2022 to July 2026, the 988 Lifeline received 26,200,000 contacts, and in June 2026 alone, the 988 Lifeline received over 770,000 contacts, an increase of 92 percent over June 2023; and
Whereas SAMHSA annually recognizes September 8th as 988 Day, which is observed by organizations nationwide to raise awareness of the service and promote mental health support: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Senate--
(1) supports the designation of September 8, 2026, as "988 Day";
(2) recognizes suicide as a serious and growing public health concern in the United States;
(3) commends the development and implementation of the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline as a critical component of the national mental health safety net;
(4) encourages continued public education and outreach regarding the availability and importance of the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, particularly for high-risk populations;
(5) supports Federal, State, and local efforts to expand access to mental health services and crisis intervention programs; and
(6) supports the goals and ideals of 988 Day as a way to recognize the essential role of the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline in saving lives and supporting mental health across all communities in the United States.
Senate Resolution 854--Designating September 2026 as "National Voting Rights Month"
Pages S4737–S4738 · Official textMr. WYDEN (for himself, Ms. Alsobrooks, Ms. Baldwin, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Blumenthal, Ms. Blunt Rochester, Mr. Booker, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Coons, Ms. Duckworth, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Fetterman, Mr. Heinrich, Ms. Hirono, Mr. Kaine, Mr. King, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Lujan, Mr. Markey, Mr. Merkley, Mr. Padilla, Mr. Sanders, Mr. Schatz, Mr. Schiff, Mrs. Shaheen, Ms. Smith, Mr. Van Hollen, Mr. Warner, Ms. Warren, Mr. Welch, and Mr. Whitehouse) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary:
Text printed in the Record (8,637 characters)
Whereas voting is 1 of the single most important rights that can be exercised in a democracy;
Whereas, over the course of history, various voter suppression laws in the United States have hindered, and even prohibited, certain individuals and groups from exercising the right to vote;
Whereas, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, Native Americans and people who were born to United States citizens abroad, people who spoke a language other than English, and people who were formerly subjected to slavery were denied full citizenship and prevented from voting by English literacy tests;
Whereas, since the 1870s, minority groups such as Black Americans in the South have suffered from the oppressive effects of Jim Crow laws that were designed to prevent political, economic, and social mobility;
Whereas Black Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and other underrepresented voters were subject to violence, poll taxes, literacy tests, all-White primaries, property ownership tests, and grandfather clauses that were designed to suppress the right of those underrepresented individuals to vote;
Whereas, as of 2024, 4,000,000 people in the United States were disenfranchised from voting because of a felony conviction, including 1 in 16 Black adults, due to the shameful entanglement of racial injustice in the criminal legal system and voting access in the United States;
Whereas members of the aforementioned groups and others are currently, in some cases, subject to intimidation, voter roll purges, and financial barriers that act effectively as modern-day poll taxes;
Whereas, in 1965, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.) to protect the right of Black Americans and other traditionally disenfranchised groups to vote, among other reasons;
Whereas, in 2013, in the landmark case of Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 529 (2013), the Supreme Court of the United States invalidated section 4 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10303), dismantling the preclearance formula provision in that Act that protected voters in States and localities that historically have suppressed the right of minorities to vote;
Whereas, since the invalidation of the preclearance formula provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.), gerrymandered districts in many States have gone unchallenged and have become less likely to be invalidated by the courts;
Whereas gerrymandered districts in many States have been found to have a discriminatory impact on traditionally disenfranchised
minorities through tactics that include "cracking", diluting the voting power of minorities across many districts, and "packing", concentrating the power of minority voters into 1 district to reduce their voting power in other districts;
Whereas some States have implemented new voting restrictions that make it more difficult to vote, including cutbacks in early voting, voter roll purges, placement of faulty equipment in minority communities, requirement of photo identification, and the elimination of same-day registration;
Whereas these policies could outright disenfranchise or make voting much more difficult for more than 80,000,000 minority, elderly, poor, and disabled voters, among other groups;
Whereas, in 2016, discriminatory laws in North Carolina, Wisconsin, North Dakota, and Texas were ruled to violate the rights of voters and were overturned by the courts;
Whereas the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Shelby County v. Holder calls on Congress to update the formula in the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.);
Whereas, on April 29, 2026, the Supreme Court of the United States, in Louisiana v. Callais, 608 U.S. ___ (2026), significantly narrowed section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301), holding that Louisiana engaged in an unconstitutional racial gerrymander when it created a second majority-Black congressional district to comply with section 2 and requiring future challengers to show that a State intentionally discriminated against minority voters, a far higher bar than courts had previously required;
Whereas Justice Kagan warned in her dissent in Louisiana v. Callais that the decision renders section 2 "all but a dead letter" as a tool for protecting minority voters from vote dilution;
Whereas, beginning in 2025 and continuing into 2026, legislatures and commissions in States including Texas, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, and Louisiana have enacted new congressional maps mid-decade, outside the normal post-census redistricting cycle;
Whereas these maps have specifically targeted districts held by Black and other minority Members of Congress;
Whereas these efforts, emboldened by the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States in Shelby County v. Holder and Louisiana v. Callais, face fewer legal checks against racial vote dilution than at any point since the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.), underscoring the urgent need for Congress to restore and strengthen its protections;
Whereas Congress must work to combat any attempts to dismantle or underfund the United States Postal Service or obstruct the passage of the mail as blatant tactics of voter suppression and election interference;
Whereas the Trump Administration has repeatedly attempted to restrict voter registration and access to the ballot, including vote-by-mail, for eligible citizens of the United States;
Whereas the Department of Justice has launched unprecedented lawsuits against at least 30 States and the District of Columbia to force them to turn over their voter registration lists and Federal courts have repeatedly dismissed these Department of Justice lawsuits as meritless;
Whereas there is much more work to be done to ensure all citizens of the United States have the right to vote through free, fair, and accessible elections, and Congress must exercise its constitutional authority to protect the right to vote;
Whereas National Voter Registration Day in 2026 is Tuesday, September 15; and
Whereas September 2026 would be an appropriate month--
(1) to designate as "National Voting Rights Month"; and
(2) to ensure that, through the registration of voters and awareness of elections, the democracy of the United States includes all citizens of the United States: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Senate--
(1) designates September 2026 as "National Voting Rights Month";
(2) encourages all people in the United States to uphold the right of every citizen to exercise the sacred and fundamental right to vote;
(3) encourages Congress to pass--
(A) the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2025 (S. 2523, H.R. 14, 119th Congress), to strengthen protections for voters by restoring and modernizing key protections in the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.) to prevent discriminatory gerrymandering and to ensure minority voting rights are safeguarded; and
(B) other voting rights legislation that seeks to advance voting rights and protect elections in the United States;
(4) encourages Congress to oppose the Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act (S. 3752, H.R. 7296, 119th Congress), which could block millions of citizens of the United States from casting their vote;
(5) recommends that public schools and universities in the United States develop an academic curriculum that educates students about--
(A) the importance of voting, how to register to vote, where to vote, and the different forms of voting;
(B) the history of voter suppression in the United States before and after passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.); and
(C) current measures that have been taken to restrict the vote;
(6) expresses appreciation for the United States Postal Service having issued a special Representative John R. Lewis stamp on September 19, 2023--
(A) to honor the life and legacy of Representative John R. Lewis in supporting voting rights; and
(B) to remind people in the United States that ordinary citizens risked their lives, marched, and participated in the great democracy of the United States so that all citizens would have the fundamental right to vote; and
(7) invites Congress to allocate the requisite funds for public service announcements on television, radio, newspapers, magazines, social media, billboards, buses, and other forms of media--
(A) to remind people in the United States when elections are being held;
(B) to share important registration deadlines; and
(C) to urge people to get out and vote.
Text of Amendments
Pages S4738–S4739 · Official textSA 6771. Mr. MORAN (for himself, Mr. Reed, Ms. Collins, Mr. Heinrich, Mrs. Hyde-Smith, Mr. King, Mr. Curtis, Ms. Smith, Mr. Cornyn, and Ms. Murkowski) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill H.R. 3633, to prohibit the Federal reserve banks from offering certain products or services directly to an individual, to prohibit the use of central bank digital currency for monetary policy, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,440 characters)
In section 10404(b)(1), strike "economically or functionally equivalent to the payment of interest or yield on an interest-bearing bank deposit" and insert "substantially similar to the manner in which depository institutions pay interest or yield".
In section 10404(c)(1)(A), strike "solely".
Amend section 10404(c)(1)(B) to read as follows:
(B) in a manner that is substantially similar to the manner in which depository institutions pay interest or yield.
In section 10404(c)(2)(A), strike "economically or functionally equivalent to the payment of interest or yield on an interest-bearing bank deposit" and insert "made in a manner that is substantially similar to the manner in which depository institutions pay interest or yield".
In section 10404(c)(2)(B), strike "that is economically or functionally equivalent to the payment of interest or yield on an interest-bearing bank deposit" and insert "in a manner that is substantially similar to the manner in which depository institutions pay interest or yield".
In section 10404(c)(3)(A), in the second sentence, strike "economically or functionally equivalent to the payment of interest or yield on an interest-bearing bank deposit" and insert "made in a manner that is substantially similar to the manner in which depository institutions pay interest or yield".
Strike section 10404(c)(3)(B).
In section 10404(c)(3), redesignate subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (B).
______
SA 6772. Mr. HEINRICH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill H.R. 3633, to prohibit the Federal reserve banks from offering certain products or services directly to an individual, to prohibit the use of central bank digital currency for monetary policy, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,428 characters)
SEC. ___. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION RELATING TO CERTAIN STATE AND
TRIBAL LAWS.
(a) In General.--Section 5c(c) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 7a-2(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(6) Applicability of federal, state, and tribal gaming laws.--
"(A) Prohibition on listing.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no agreement, contract, transaction, or swap relating to the outcome of, or team or individual performance or statistics within, any sporting event or athletic competition or any casino-style game may be listed or made
available for clearing or trading on or through a registered entity.
"(B) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to preempt the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.), subchapter IV of chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, section 1084 of title 18, United States Code, or any State or Tribal law, rule, regulation, ordinance, or resolution that regulates or prohibits any agreement, contract, or transaction relating to any sporting event or athletic competition or any casino-style game.".
(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this Act or any amendment made by this Act shall be construed to preempt, repeal, limit, supersede, or otherwise affect the application of any Federal law, including the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.), State law, or Tribal law relating to gaming or gambling.
Text of Senate Amendment 6771
Page S4738 · Official textSA 6771. Mr. MORAN (for himself, Mr. Reed, Ms. Collins, Mr. Heinrich, Mrs. Hyde-Smith, Mr. King, Mr. Curtis, Ms. Smith, Mr. Cornyn, and Ms. Murkowski) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill H.R. 3633, to prohibit the Federal reserve banks from offering certain products or services directly to an individual, to prohibit the use of central bank digital currency for monetary policy, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,432 characters)
In section 10404(b)(1), strike "economically or functionally equivalent to the payment of interest or yield on an interest-bearing bank deposit" and insert "substantially similar to the manner in which depository institutions pay interest or yield".
In section 10404(c)(1)(A), strike "solely".
Amend section 10404(c)(1)(B) to read as follows:
(B) in a manner that is substantially similar to the manner in which depository institutions pay interest or yield.
In section 10404(c)(2)(A), strike "economically or functionally equivalent to the payment of interest or yield on an interest-bearing bank deposit" and insert "made in a manner that is substantially similar to the manner in which depository institutions pay interest or yield".
In section 10404(c)(2)(B), strike "that is economically or functionally equivalent to the payment of interest or yield on an interest-bearing bank deposit" and insert "in a manner that is substantially similar to the manner in which depository institutions pay interest or yield".
In section 10404(c)(3)(A), in the second sentence, strike "economically or functionally equivalent to the payment of interest or yield on an interest-bearing bank deposit" and insert "made in a manner that is substantially similar to the manner in which depository institutions pay interest or yield".
Strike section 10404(c)(3)(B).
In section 10404(c)(3), redesignate subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (B).
Text of Senate Amendment 6772
Pages S4738–S4739 · Official textSA 6772. Mr. HEINRICH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill H.R. 3633, to prohibit the Federal reserve banks from offering certain products or services directly to an individual, to prohibit the use of central bank digital currency for monetary policy, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Text printed in the Record (1,428 characters)
SEC. ___. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION RELATING TO CERTAIN STATE AND
TRIBAL LAWS.
(a) In General.--Section 5c(c) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 7a-2(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
"(6) Applicability of federal, state, and tribal gaming laws.--
"(A) Prohibition on listing.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no agreement, contract, transaction, or swap relating to the outcome of, or team or individual performance or statistics within, any sporting event or athletic competition or any casino-style game may be listed or made
available for clearing or trading on or through a registered entity.
"(B) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to preempt the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.), subchapter IV of chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, section 1084 of title 18, United States Code, or any State or Tribal law, rule, regulation, ordinance, or resolution that regulates or prohibits any agreement, contract, or transaction relating to any sporting event or athletic competition or any casino-style game.".
(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this Act or any amendment made by this Act shall be construed to preempt, repeal, limit, supersede, or otherwise affect the application of any Federal law, including the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.), State law, or Tribal law relating to gaming or gambling.
Authority for Committees to Meet
Page S4739 · Official textMr. President, I have three requests for committees to meet during today's session of the Senate. They have the approval of the Majority and Minority Leaders.
Pursuant to rule XXVI, paragraph 5(a), of the Standing Rules of the Senate, the following committees are authorized to meet during today's session of the Senate:
The Committee on Finance is authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on Tuesday, September 15, 2026, at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing on nominations.
The Committee on the Judiciary is authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on Tuesday, September 15, 2026, at 9 a.m., to conduct a hearing.
The Select Committee on Intelligence is authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on Tuesday, September 15, 2026, at 3 p.m., to conduct a closed briefing.
Privileges of the Floor
Page S4739 · Official textMr. President, I ask unanimous consent that Kevin Webb, a detailee from the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, be granted floor privileges through October 2, 2026.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Without objection, it is so ordered.
Orders for Wednesday, September 16, 2026
Page S4739 · Official textMr. President, I ask unanimous consent that when the Senate completes its business today, it stand adjourned until 10 a.m. on Wednesday, September 16; that following the prayer and pledge, the Journal of proceedings be approved to date, the morning hour be deemed expired, the time for the two leaders be reserved for their use later in the day, morning business be closed, and the Senate resume consideration of the motion to proceed to S. 4668, postcloture; finally, that all time during recess, adjournment, morning business, and leader remarks count postcloture on the motion to proceed to S. 4668.
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Without objection, it is so ordered.
Adjournment Until 10 A.m. Tomorrow
Page S4739 · Official textMr. President, if there is no further business to come before the Senate, I ask that it stand adjourned under the previous order.
There being no objection, the Senate, at 6:22 p.m., adjourned until Wednesday, September 16, 2026, at 10 a.m.
Nominations
Pages S4739–S4742 · Official textExecutive nominations received by the Senate:
Text printed in the Record (11,986 characters)
THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
JUSTIN A. LONGMIRE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
THOMAS C. ERLINGER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
MATTHEW P. DEMARS THE FOLLOWING NAMED AIR NATIONAL GUARD OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U. S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12212:
CHRISTOPHER R. MARSLENDER
THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR TEMPORARY APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 605:
RICHARD M. ANEZ ELIZABETH A. BETTERBED JOSEPH A. BOSTICK DAVID M. BRINK KEVIN H. CALIVA, JR. RANDALL R. COMBS DAVID E. DEGENHARDT JAMES T. FARRELL CAMERON J. LUDEMAN RANDALL G. NORDLUND ANTONY J. PALOCAREN SPURGEON W. PETTY JOHN E. ROLLINSON JOHN A. SIMS APOORV VOHRA GRAHAM N. WARNER
JAKE R. MALTZ LEE R. MOHY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
ROSEANN P. APURON HEATHER V. COFER JUDEE S. CORDELL MARY C. CURTIS CONNIE D. GATES KATHERINE D. GILBERT MICHELLE S. NYAMEKYE DAVID T. YOUNG THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
PAIGE E. COVINGTON RIDDLE STANLEY A. MONTEE MICHAEL T. SMITH WESLEY D. THOMAS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
MISTEE M. ALLEN JONATHAN M. BAUSMAN JASON L. BLASER AARON B. CAMPBELL SOAN G. CRUZ AMANDA L. DERINGTON PETER N. FISH GARY D. FLEISCHER CHRISTOPHER P. HALL DAREN R. MEALER MATTHEW MISKIMON JOHANNA M. MISSAK CHRISTOPHER D. PALMER MIGUEL A. PEREZ ABREU RONALD G. SHASHY, JR. NICOLE R. SMITH CHRISTIAN C. THURSTONE SEAN T. WILLIAMS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
GEORGE J. ABBOUD CHRISTOPHER L. ATKINS DARRELL I. BECK MATTHEW D. BRAGG MICHELLE L. BRANCH AARON J. ENGEL JASON D. ERNEST DESMOND L. GOODING BROOKE A. HEINTZMORRISSEY SAMANTHA A. LEWIS BRENT J. LINDLEY CHRISTOPHER D. MARKESINO DEREK C. OLIVER TERESA M. PARROTTA JASON C. RICHARDS EDYINS RODRIGUEZMILLAN DAVID D. ROSENBERGER TONI R. SAVELY NATHAN A. SERENA KEEGAN T. SMITH LAURA K. STEWART MICHAEL T. SULLIVAN KENT G. WYMAN MARION O. YARBOROUGH, JR. THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
MATTHEW S. BAY STEFANIE A. CARONE JOEL S. DUNN BARRY L. FREDERICK MELISSA L. ROA DANIEL G. TERRY ROBERT E. TOEVS JEFFREY J. WEAVER DAVID M. WHITE CHRISTOPHER L. WINNER STEPHEN E. YOUNG, JR. THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 7064:
SHAMIM S. NAFEA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
BRADLEY C. HAMRICK THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
BRIAN R. BARHORST SCOTT E. BEVANS PAMELA L. BURGESS YIMING A. CHING JOSEPH W. GALVIN JORDANNA M. HOSTLER MARK D. JEFFORDS PHILLIP L. KISER JOE T. KOFOED KEVIN W. LOBDELL ADAM R. SASSO DELVENA R. THOMAS ROBERT N. WALKER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
JAY C. ALCISTO LARA C. CHASE VILISA R. CHATMAN-TERRY JOHN R. CHRISTIAN MICHAEL A. DELPH JOSEPH F. GORDON
TERESA L. HUPKA MICHAEL P. KISTLER ANGEL A. PEREZ MARCOS E. PIZANO AMIE E. REYNOLDS STEPHEN M. RICKS JEFFREY B. SCHNOOR ROBERT H. VINCENT, JR. DAVID W. WEIR JAMES E. ZAVALA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
DARREN W. HEARN KATHRYN A. KATZ ROBERT SCHMAND III THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
SHARA J. CARLTON LANCE J. KURZ RYAN M. MCCOLLUM KRISTINA M. MCELROY AMANDA J. OWENS KATHRYN R. POLKING KELLIE J. STEWART THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
TONDRA FOBISH BLAIR H. HEATH SELENA M. STEWART THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
THAMMASATHITH BORIBOON CHRISTOPHER MAGINN JANIE D. PEACOCK ASOVALE L. SIKUKA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
JAMIE D. BOUCHARD JESSE W. BOURQUE, JR. CATHERINE A. CELESKI LATOYA A. HAYWARD SYLVIA A. HILL ROBERT S. LAWSON SHANDA E. ODOMS MALGORZATA A. RYAN SHERRI L. SANDERS TIMOTHY J. SHAPIRO BROCK M. SMITH KYLE M. STJEAN SHAWN A. WAITERS DERRICK L. WILLIAMS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
ROBERT C. BERRY ANABEL CURIELFRANCISKATO TEJDEEP S. RATTAN CALLIEF S. SHAND THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 7064:
JOSHUA I. JONES THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 7064:
ROBERT R. BURGIN TANNER L. HANSON WILLIAM J. HIRSCHFELD NICKOLAS M. KONDILES RYAN B. LIBERG DONALD E. OHIOMA DAVID J. PRATICO THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR TEMPORARY APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 605:
THOMAS J. BOEHM KEVIN L. BRASWELL JONATHAN R. BROWNING WILLIAM A. CROSS ROMELO L. DELOSSANTOS ANTHONY R. DUNKIN MARC A. ESKEW DANIEL D. GOODWIN ANGELA N. HOUSTON JOHN W. KLING JACKSON LEE JEFFREY R. NORDIN ANDRE D. RUFF NICHOLAS S. TALLANT 1257320126 1269574433 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
BENJAMIN C. WISNIOSKI THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
CHRISTOPHER E. BERGE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
ROBERT C. MASSEY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
MICHAEL D. BALES THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY AS CHAPLAINS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 7064:
BENJAMIN AHN VINCENT A. BAIN TIMOTHY P. BEHNKE JONATHAN T. BUTLER JASON A. BYERS OWEN R. CHANDLER ROBERT G. COX JOHN C. FIMPLE BRADY D. FREDERICK DAVID P. FROMMER ROBERT W. FRY ANTONIO GARCIAMENDEZ DOMENIC GROTTI BRYAN J. HEDRICK SHANE J. HENDERSON DANIEL A. HERRING PATRICK K. HESTER ROBERT M. HOLSINGER TIMOTHY D. ICE DANIEL T. ISFAN JOEL A. KELLEY PATRICK KIHIU HYOSEOK KIM JAE J. KIM STEPHEN J. KIM TERRI J. KING WILLIAM H. KING JOHN B. LEE JOONHYUK LIM ALFRED E. MATTHEWS REBECCA J. MCMICHAEL IK J. MOON GEORGEL OANCA ARKADIUSZ Z. OCHALEK CHESTER W. OLSON III JOEL W. PAYNE JONATHAN PORTER LUCAS REES ALVARO F. RIVERA PAUL J. ROMAN JOSE M. RONDON JOSEPH W. SALEM MATTHIAS E. SCHUBERT TIMOTHY M. SHEPHERD JACOB R. SNELL JEREMIAH D. SNYDER MICHAEL D. SPALLA ANDREW T. SPRIENSMA ANDREW J. STAHURA IV NICHOLAS B. STAVLUND MICHAEL P. VOUDOURIS CHRISTOPHER W. WEINRICH DANIEL J. WERHO MATTHEW L. WHITEHEAD VIVIAN K. YANQUOIWEST THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531:
MORGAN J. HILL THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
JOSE M. GAMBOA ANTHONY S. IBRAHIM ANDREW W. VOLL
THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531:
SARRA BENKHALIFA MIRIAM A. DICKSON NHU Q. PHAM THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531:
VICTOR G. ARAMAYO ERICA R. CASEY BOBBY W. DOUGLAS SUNHEE KIM MEGAN C. LASAPONARA THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531:
HARPREET KAUR MATTHEW A. WILKS THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY RESERVE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203:
BRETT A. SENTERS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
JEFFREY A. STROUD THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
ABRAHAM J. TRINDLE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
NATHAN W. WINTER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
ASHLEY A. ACLESE MARYAM A. ADEBAYO VALERIE M. G. ARNAEZ DANNEMARC ATIS NATALIE R. AYERS MELISSA R. BARRY DERRICK L. BATTLE GERALDINE BAZILE PRISCILLA BOATENG VICTORIA J. BOTTEN JANET E. BRISTOW TAYLOR L. BROCUGLIO RACHEL M. BUTRON DANIEL L. CALMA BETH A. CARTER SARAH M. CHILSON MOLLY E. CLARK WILLIE R. COLLINS, JR. ALAINNA C. CROTTY CYNTHIA A. DAVIS BLAKE L. DEBOOTH CATHERINE A. DEGRADO CYNTHIA C. DEHART DANA F. DE LA CAMPA NESTORVICENTE R. DIAZ VINCENT E. DIVENTI BENJAMIN C. FITE ELIZABETH V. GALLEGOS TASHA GALLEGOS AGUSTIN E. GIAMPAOLI PAUL R. GONZALES JULIANA GUTIERREZ ASHLEY S. HANHURST GAIL E. HEIMER SARAH E. HOWE CHEYANNE K. HULS SAMANTHA M. KNIGHT ERIK R. LAWRENCE TIFFANY C. LERCH JEREMY L. LIGHTNER MANUEL R. MARTINEZ LIZETTE H. MIX ERICA D. MONSEES RUTH A. MURPHREE CHEREE A. NAGLE KRISTINE J. NARCISO GREGORY B. NEVONEN SAVANNAH L. NGUYEN RACHEL A. NOVICIO SUZANNE H. PAPADAKOS CHARLES T. PEARSON SHAUNA M. RALSTON RENEE J. RAPPOLD JUSTIN J. REEB MELISSA L. RICHLING NICHOLAS L. RODRIGUEZ STEPHANIE M. ROSHOLT ALICIA M. SACKS THOMAS A. SARTI HEIDI L. SCHRECKENBACH DAVID J. SCHULTE MARK T. SEBALD LINDSEY B. SNYDER TERRY W. STARKEY
ERICA L. STEWART STEPHANIE R. STOLER JOSEPH R. STRAHAN MULUGETA D. TEMESGEN KEENART L. TIO ANDREA M. TONDRE VINCENT I. VASQUEZ HOLLY M. VICKERS BERLY VINCENT TRISTAN C. VOKOUN KYLE G. WAITE TINEASHA Y. WOODS SAMIRA L. WRIGHTSON GEORGE C. WROLSTAD KYLE E. ZUNK THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
SAMUEL O. ADJEI BRANDEN J. ALBRECHT KENNETH W. ANDERSON STEPHEN L. ASTAFAN RHETT C. BARKER SHANNON K. BENCS RICARDO C. CASTANEDA ALEXANDER J. COOPER ZEFERINO CORTESRODRIGUEZ ELIZABETH M. COURTNEY RYAN M. CRAM DANIEL E. CRIPE AARON B. DIAZ GLADYS V. DIAZ RICARDO ELIZALDEVALENCIA ROBERT L. FORD PETER J. T. GANGCUANGCO CHRISTOPHER T. GERBER JOSEPH GREEN III NEAL R. GREENLUND JACOB A. HAMILTON JOHN A. HARMONY BRANDY L. HAWES FAITHANN M. HAWKINS ALEXANDER M. JULIAN TIMOTHY N. LANDRY LUIS E. LUY, JR. WILLIAM J. LYNCH JOSEPH C. MACDONALD III JOSHUA J. MANSILLA NATHANIEL T. MARLOW BRENDAN P. MCCREARY SHAUN P. MCGAHAN DERRICK D. MILLER KRISTINA M. PARMENTER DARIUS D. RAWLS ERIC J. RICHEY DEREK A. RONCAIOLI SAMUEL D. SHORTS JUSTIN M. SHULL TERRENCE L. SMITH ANDREW P. STILLERMAN TAMSYN O.
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THOMPSON CORY D. VANDIVIER JOHN P. WAGGENER CHRISTOPHER B. WELLS MANYIN C. WILLIAMS DANIEL S. WRIGHT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
MARK E. BEAUDET ERIC M. BROWN JAMES W. CAMPBELL DANIEL E. CHUNG DAVID D. DOWNEY MATTHEW W. DRAYTON LUKE R. DUNDON MATTHEW T. FISHER ANDREW W. FORESTER AUSTIN R. GRIMES EDWIN Y. HANDLEY JENNIFER M. HOWE ANDREW P. HOYLE TAKANA L. JEFFERSON DONALD E. KEIM III TAE H. KIM RYAN J. KRAUSE CHARLES S. MALLIE MATTHEW E. MCGARITY DOYL E. MCMURRY HARDY G. OWENS PATRICK J. RIFFLE WESLEY E. SCHOLTZ HOLLY C. SHORT MARK R. SIMONSEN COLBY R. TORRES MICHAEL P. TUNGETT AARON W. WALLING RYAN E. WHITFIELD COLE C. YOOS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
DANIELLE M. BERNAL RACHEL A. WOLINSKY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
KORTINE M. BROSCHINSKY COLIN J. CAMPBELL JUSTIN CHANG DYLAN W. FISHER JOHN C. HULSE KEVIN M. OMARY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
NATHAN W. LEWIS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
GARRETT M. SAULTERS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 716:
JOSHUA R. SPAULDING
THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
NICOLE M. ABELING PARICE S. ANDERSON LUKE S. BABICH CURTIS W. BAKER EVANGELINE M. BAKER ALLAN M. BALCITA RYAN V. BALUBAR CHANCE M. BAXTER CHRISTOPHER L. BELLANOVA, JR. JONATHAN D. BERKEY KEVIN J. BERNERT JARED N. BOGDAN JON H. BORAH ANTHONY A. BRZEZINSKI MAXWELL K. BUTLER ROLFY D. CACERES CAMERON D. CALHOON II CRAIG A. CARLSON SAMUEL D. CHADWICK TYLER J. COLGAN CALEN T. COLOMA EDILL C. COLON CHRISTOPHER K. CRAYON AMBER DAMEZ MARY A. DARRAS RAFAEL L. DARRAS RYAN M. DOWLING STEVEN P. DVORNICKY JACOB W. FITCH BRANDON M. FLORES ALEX M. FORBES JOYCELYN K. FORDYCE MICHAEL K. FORLIFE DREW D. FRESSEL MICHAEL M. GALLAGHER IRVIN A. GEORGE ASHLEY N. GONZALES NICK GORDON TYLER S. GORMAN CULLEN M. GRIFFIN MATTHEW J. GUIDA JOSHUA E. HAGOOD GERALD W. HILLS, JR. STEPHEN S. JOHNSON TRISTEN M. JOHNSON RACHEL K. JONES BRENDAN F. KENNEDY SEONG H. KIM KONRAD KORZEN STEPHAN M. LAMOTHE KEVIN WILLIAMS S. LASQUETE JUSTIN S. LEE YUAN-XUN LEE BLAKE A. LONDON JADON J. LONG JACOB D. LUTZ KERWIN G. MARTIR TORRES KEVIN L. MATHEWS MALIK A. MCCOY KYLE A. MCREYNOLDS GABRIELE D. MCSTANISLAV CUDJOE JUAN C. MEDINA JACOB J. MENDOZA ANDREW K. NELSON KHOA D. NGUYEN IAN A. NICHOLSON NICHOLAS A. O'GORMAN KEVIN A. OH CHRISTOPHER C. OKUINGHTTONS COLLIN J. PARSONS CHRISTOPHER C. PAUL LAUREN M. PETERSON TREVOR A. PFIRRMAN STEPHEN A. PITRE VICTORIA A. PONDER STEPHANOS C. RAHIMZADEH BENJAMIN RATNER MORGAN L. RECORDS HECTOR D. RODRIGUEZ JANELLE T. ROGERS MARIA I. ROSE AARON P. SCHLENKER HENRY J. SCHMITZ DANIEL P. SHKIRYAK MICHAEL K. SIM WILLIAM R. SKINKLE DORON W. SMITH TORY D. SMITH JACOB E. SONG CAITLYN M. STARKEL JOHN P. VALENTINE MICHAEL D. VAN HAASTER GRANT R. VAN HOOMISSEN RUFINO AGUSTIN D. VILLENA ANDREW J. VOGEL BRET M. WAGNER CHRISTOPHER R. WALSCH MATTHEW T. WALSH CHELSEA N. WHITWORTH OSHANE J. WINT GRIFFIN I. WISEMAN PHILLIP A. WOODARD CHRISTOPHER R. YOST LEI ZHU THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
JONATHAN R. AREHART ADAM D. BECCUE KIMBERLY R. BUCHANAN DEREK M. CADA JASON F. CANO AMMY C. CARDONA MARION M. CARTER BRANDON K. CASTILLO NANCY J. CASTRO RANDY S. CICALE ROSS A. CONRAD DAVID A. CORDER ARYAN L. DALE JOSEPH M. DERIENZO JESSE O. DIAZ CAITLIN B. DIFFLEY ANDREW X. DOWNEY II GARRET E. DUFF MARQUAY EDMONDSON JOSHUA M. FAUSTMAN CATHERINE P. FERNENGEL STEPHANIE M. FLORES APRIL FOLEY JEFFREY D. FRY BRANDON M. GALINDO LEODANNY GARCIA KATHERINE C. HEBNER ADAM P. HOWLAND DAVID H. HOYT KORT A. KOSER MICHAEL J. LASORDA JONATHAN J. LEE JACK J. MATEJKA JOSHUA M. MCCULLION ANDREW B. MILLER COLIN D. MIMS AMERICO D. PENAFLOR DONALD T. PERROTTA SHANE L. REXIUS SCOTT A. ROBERTS CESAR A. RODRIGUEZ IV PAUL E. ROGERS JUSTIN A. ROQUE MICHAEL ROSENOF DOUGLAS B. RUYLE MICHAEL J. SANDERS CHRISTOPHER J. SAUCIER TANISHA J. SAUNDERS MICHAELA A. SCHANNEP DAVID A. SCHILL KALUN J. SCHMIDT CHRISTOPHER M. SEIDLER NICHOLAS R. SHAW MICHAEL D. SHELEY STEWART C. SMITH MORGAN E. SPARKS KEVIN J. SPRINGER CHAD B. SUE BENJAMIN C. SZUTAR ERIKA M. TEICHERT KIMBERLY A. TEMPLER MARSHALL L. TILLIS MEAGAN M. TOVADO SCOTT P. VOTH PHILLIP F. WAGENBACH WILLIAM O. WATSON III JONATHAN A. WILSON ROBERT O. WRAY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
ADEKUNBI H. ADEWUNMI ERIN R. ALT ROGER S. ANDERSON MARK G. BATEMAN, JR. BENJAMIN I. BINGHAM CHRISTOPHER A. BIRGE KATHERINE L. CARROLL ANTHONY A. CASTELLO OLIVER U. CHANG EMANUEL M. CHATTERS JONATHAN M. CHUNG ANGELA J. COTE BRIAN D. COUCH ANDREW CRUZ
JOSEPH R. CUNNINGHAM JACOB J. DOWNEY NICHOLAS W. DUPRE JORDAN E. ELDRIDGE GARRETT W. ELLIS ZACHARY W. FIELDS JOHN I. FLESHMAN JONATHAN T. FONG ELI A. GARDUNO JAMI L. GEORGE CRAIG M. HELSPER MICHAEL R. HINTZMAN THURMOND W. JACKSON STEVE B. JONES SEAN R. KELLY RONALD M. KEMKER KYLE D. KENERLEY SIMON R. KNISTER DANIEL LUGO DANIEL E. MCCARTY MICHAEL P. MCCLELLAND II KEEGAN S. MCCOY KATHLEEN J. MERRIEX SEAN A. MOCHOCKI NATHAN L. NASH DUY K. NGUYEN TRAVIS J. POND GLEN E. PRY KRISTEN M. PURVIS CHRISTOPHER B. ROMANO JUSTIN A. SADOWSKI JOHN M. SEBES KALEIGH B. SIDES ROBERT E. SONNENFELD JORDAN L. STERN NATASCHA D. THOMPSON STEPHEN K. TULLINO PHILIP N. VALENZO KULLEN W. WAGGONER AMY M. WALKER CAMERON D. WEBSTER JOHN M. WILLIS, JR. SAMUEL H. WOOD THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
DAN E. ALCANTARA CHRISTIAN N. ALF GERARDO A. ANDUJARSIACA DANE ARFMAN STEPHEN T. BAILEY EMILIO BECERRA MICHAEL A. BERTSCHINGER CASH W. BOND OSCAR J. BUENDIA DERRICK W. BURNETT KELLY CAGGIANO-HOLLYFIELD MATTHEW P. CARTER RYAN E. CLARK CURAN L. CLONCH DUSTIN G. CREWS MEAGAN T. CREWS JEREMY M. CROSSMAN JERREL V. CURRY JESUS M. DIAZ II ALISON E. DINONG SALLIE L. DUNCAN JOSHUA R. EDWARDS THOMAS J. FOSSA BRIAN R. GOODMAN JOSHUA D. HAMM RACHEL L. HARRIS CHELSEA R. HATCH JESSICA D. HEFFNER ROBERT HEFFNER BRINETTA M. HENCE NATHAN D. HOLLINGSWORTH JOSHUA M. HUCKABEE JOSHUA D. KING JEREMY R. KLINGER MATTHEW C. KNOX DAVID L. KOVALAK CODY J. LONG FRANK J. MAGAZU ARIELLE M. MARINO KATIE M. MCCARTY SEAN M. MCCLAIN JOSHUA L. MCFARLAND BENJAMIN G. MEALEY MARK A. MENDEZ BRIANNA M. MERCER KENNETH D. MOAK RUSSELL N. MOSELEY, JR. MATTHEW A. MROZEK AARON L. NELSON GARRY R. NEWMAN CHRISTOPHER B. POJE PHILLIP J. POUNDSTONE JESSICA B. RAHL SEAN M. RAYMOND MICHAEL J. REES ZACHARY L. SCOGGINS MATTHEW SMOKOVITZ JEREMIAH A. SPECHT KYLE H. SPITZER AARON P. SUMMERS MAHESA B. SUPROBO ASHLEY E. TASSO ALLISON J. THOMAS ELIZABETH M. TOWNSEND KEBIN P. UMODU RYAN R. VATH REITH D. WALLS III IAN M. WELLER JENNIFER K. WHITING MARCUS L. WILLIAMS ERIC C. WILSON LINDSEY A. WILSON MITCHELL E. YOUNG STEVEN D. ZAMORA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE SPACE FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 716:
ERIN N. COX THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE SPACE FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 716:
JOSHUA A. HERRINGTON RILEY LYNCH THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:
ANDREW B. ADAMS BIKASH T. ADHIKARI ERIES E. AHSAN MICHAEL A. ALEO JENNIFER K. ARNEY TYLER N. BAIR PATRICIA I. BARRIENTOS DANIEL A. BAVA MICHAEL K. BILLINGSLEY MAWULOLO Y. BOLOUVI MICHAEL J. BOURDEAU CHARLES M. BRUCE NICHOLAS B. BURNS LUKE BYROM MORIAH D. BYROM DEMORREO J. CALDWELL MONICA C. CALLAN DAWNA L. CASANOVA CHRISTIANNA M. CASTANEDA MIGUEL P. CASTRO ANDREW J. CHA WYATT CHEN ANDREW S. CHIANG JOSEPH W. CHIGNOLA STEPHEN H. CLARK ALEXANDER J. COLLA MATTHEW C. CONNELL CHARLES W. COOPER ERYN DAMAN LORENZO J. DAVIS KYLE L. DEFIBAUGH MICHAEL J. DEFILIPPO, JR. ROBERT T. DEL POPOLO LOGAN M. DEVALLIERE TORRIAN M. DI BARTOLO MADISEN R. DUKE BRUECHERT AUBREY J. DUTY-TYSON AMY C. ELSARELLI KATELYN S. EPPICH JONATHON R. FARILL KENDRICK R. FISCHER ABIGAIL G. FLANNERY HANNAH L. GARCIA-PARK ZACHARY A. GILLIAM VINCENT A. GLENN-STONE ALEXANDER D. GRANT SHAKINAH O. GRANT JAMES T. HALE II ASHLEY C. HALL ALAKAI E. HAO JORDAN A. HEARD SYDNEY M. HEART ANGELICA I. HELTON NATHANAEL G. HENDRICKS ADELINE R. HENLEY JESSE A. HERNANDEZ BAGHERA J. HEWLETT JOSHUA A. HINZ MIGUEL A. HOLGUIN KEVIN A. HORSTMEYER TIMOTHY G. HORTON TAYLOR E. HOUSKEN NATHANIAL R. HUMBERSON BRANDON S. IGNAS CHRISTIANNA M. ISAACS BASSIM V. JAMAL RYAN D. JOHNSON DENVER R. JONES JASON M. KELLY KYLIE A. KESTER ADIT KHAJURIA ROBERT R. KUSINA NOEL M. LATULIPE SAMUEL Y. LAUDA THOMAS S. LEE JOSHUA T. LEWIS KATI A. LICHI SYDNEY J. LIMOND BRANDON R. LONG DERRICK C. LOY PATRICK S. MALONEY JERROD A. MANN BRANDON M. MARTIN JEFFREY MARTINEZ BRIEANN M. MAVROGEORGE COLE J. MAZIARSKI KELLEY A. MCCAA MORGAN RAMSEY G. MCCUNE JULIAN J. MERKISON ANIRUD R. MEYYUR JOSEPH B. MURRAY KALEB D. NAYLOR CODY A. NICE BRANDON J. NOBLE CHARITY L. OLIVER VICTORIA L. OSTROM YESENIA PADILLA ASCHELEIGH N. PALMER JOHN N. PAPADOPOULOS DUSTIN M. PESSATORE ISAAC G. POWERS CHRISTOPHER G. RACHED PATRICK RICHARD JOEL A. ROSALES MATTHEW R. ROSTI NICOLAS J. RUSSELL DANIEL J. SAFARIK NICOLAS J. SANCHEZ JA'MEL A. SANDERS STEVEN M. SASIELA BENJAMIN E. SAYET JAMES K. SCHEUER, JR. JESSE L. SCHMIDEKE ANDREW D. SCOTT ANTHONY G. SHEA AMANDA R. SHERWOOD AUSTIN H. SMITH CHELSEA Q. STEVENS JONATHAN M. STINSON SYDNEY L. STRICKLER DAN SUTTON BENJAMIN A. THOMPSON DEVAN B. TISDALE MEAGAN L. TOWNSEND CHRISTIAN N. TRUJILLO JASON R. TYX JAMES E. WHITE TYLOR M. WILLMS LYNDIE E. WOODARD CORY J. WRIGHT BRYAN S. WYNKOOP ANTHONY S. YOUNG JOSHUA P. YOUNG ALAN R. ZOLLAR
THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD TO THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER TITLE 14, U.S.C., SECTION 2121(E):
ANNA MCNEIL THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD TO THE GRADE INDICATED AS THE COAST GUARD BAND DIRECTOR UNDER TITLE 14, U.S.C., SECTION 311:
DAVID NEIL C. REGNER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD TO THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER TITLE 14, U.S.C., SECTION 2130:
COLIN P. CASHIN TOBIAS S. FERL SILAS R. GARRETT JAMIE K. LANE DANIEL W. LUDLAM SEAN M. MONAGHAN CHRISTIAN D. REED JONATHON B. SMITH
Confirmation
Page S4742 · Official textExecutive nomination confirmed by the Senate September 15, 2026:
Text printed in the Record (96 characters)
Matthew R. Byrne, of Ohio, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio.