TORNADO Act

Full Title:
TORNADO Act

Summary#

This bill directs the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere (NOAA) to improve how the National Weather Service (NWS) and NOAA communicate risks from hazardous weather and water events, especially tornadoes. It would create a hazard risk communication office to simplify language, set metrics, and use social and behavioral science to improve public warnings. The bill requires a research program on probabilistic hazard information and social-behavioral communication, and a pilot tornado hazard communication program with certain colleges. It creates a central data repository for social, behavioral, risk, and economic data and asks NOAA to develop ways to reduce tampering of online alerts (for example, digital watermarking).

The bill also requires a strategic "warn-on-forecast" plan within one year to guide high-resolution probabilistic forecasts, computing and data needs, observations (radar, satellites, uncrewed systems), and communication frameworks. It directs NOAA to evaluate and, if needed, update the system used to rate tornado severity. NOAA must perform post-storm surveys and assessments for events deemed societally important, share the data publicly, study the use of uncrewed aerial systems, and increase community impact studies. It also requires training and counseling support for employees doing post-storm work.

The legislation renames and adjusts the existing VORTEX-USA program to continue rapid improvement of tornado forecasts and warnings, adds a grants program for social and physical science research (with priority for minority-serving institutions), and authorizes $11,000,000 per year for fiscal years 2025 through 2032 for that section, with at least $2,000,000 per year for grants. The bill asks the Government Accountability Office (GAO) for a report, within 540 days, reviewing NWS information technology and alert dissemination. It also removes certain prior reporting requirements from earlier NOAA-related laws.

What it means for you#

  • Communities may get clearer, simpler, and more consistent hazardous weather warnings if the changes are implemented.
  • NOAA would create more public-facing research, data, and post-storm reports that are to be made available as soon as practical.
  • Colleges near weather offices and certain historically Black colleges or universities could take part in a pilot program and may get research grants.
  • The bill asks for steps to reduce tampering of online alerts and for a GAO review of NWS alert technology.

Expenses#

  • The bill explicitly authorizes $11,000,000 per year for fiscal years 2025 through 2032 for the VORTEX-USA section, with at least $2,000,000 each year reserved for grants.
  • No publicly available information in the bill text gives a full estimated total cost for implementing all other provisions, including personnel, post-storm surveys, data systems, or the hazard communication office.

Proponents' View#

  • The bill's text states goals to improve forecasting, simplify hazard language, and increase the chance that the public takes protective action to prevent loss of life and property. It supports research, modern forecast methods, community impact studies, and partnerships with minority-serving institutions.

Opponents' View#

No publicly available information.